Search

The Last Interglacial (LIG) experienced substantial changes in seasonal insolation compared with the present day, which may have affected the hydrography and water-mass exchange in the North Sea and Baltic Sea region. Here we investigate the effects of solar radiation and greenhouse gas (GHG) forcing on the regional climate by analyzing model simulations of the LIG (127 ka BP), pre-industrial (PI, 1850 CE), and present-day (PD, 1990 CE) climates. We also interpret the reconstructed seasonal bottom water conditions using benthic foraminifera and geochemistry data. Our simulations reveal that during the LIG, the Baltic Sea region (including the Kattegat and the Danish Straits) experienced more saline and colder bottom waters than those in the PD, in agreement with the reconstruction data. This can be attributed to lower GHG levels and enhanced water exchange of cooler, saline North Sea water into the Baltic Sea during the LIG. The thermocline was stronger during the summer months in the LIG, mainly due to the higher sea surface temperature (SST) compared to that of the PD resulting from increased summer insolation. Further, the temperature anomalies (LIG–PD) show significant inverse correlations with the precipitation–minus–evaporation (P–E) at the Baltic Sea entrance. However, the P–E balance appears to have had minimal impact on salinity changes in the North Sea, the Baltic Proper, and the open sea area. Our findings indicate that monthly surface and bottom water salinity anomalies of LIG-PI exhibit strong positive correlations with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) anomalies in the Baltic entrance region. During the LIG, a more positive phase of the NAO index in autumn played a crucial role in wind-driven major inflows and led to more intensive water exchange in the North Sea–Baltic Sea region compared to the late Holocene.

To observe the effect of horizontal penetration needling at vertigo auditory area and balance area on residual dizziness after successful repositioning maneuver in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV).Sixty-six patients with residual dizziness after successful repositioning maneuver for BPPV were randomly divided into an observation group (34 cases, 1 case dropped off) and a control group (32 cases, 2 cases dropped off). The patients in the observation group were treated with horizontal penetration needling at vertigo auditory area and balance area, once every other day; three times were taken as a course of treatment, and two courses of treatment were given. The patients in the control group received no acupuncture and medication. The dizziness handicap inventory (DHI) and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were observed before treatment and after 1 and 2 courses of treatment.Except for the emotional score of DHI in the control group after 1 course of treatment, the sub item scores and total scores of DHI and VAS scores in the two groups after treatment were lower than those before treatment (Whether acupuncture or not, residual dizziness after repositioning maneuver for BPPV can be relieved within 2 weeks; horizontal penetration needling at vertigo auditory area and balance area could improve dizziness symptoms and shorten the course of disease.

Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma (CCOC) is a rare odontogenic tumor associated with aggressive clinical behavior, metastasis and low survival. To date, only 67 cases have been described in the English language literature, and an understanding of the behavior of CCOC has been based on limited case reports. The aim of the research was to further reveal the features of CCOC. We report 5 new cases of CCOC, with a mean age of 52.4 years. The clinical and histopathologic data of the disease obtained from earlier literature (95 cases) and the 5 new cases were analyzed. Data were extracted, including demographics, histopathologic findings, clinical presentation, primary treatment and outcomes. Immunohistochemical results revealed that the cancer is positive for AE1/AE3, EMA and CK19, negative for smooth muscle actin SMA, Vim and S-100. EWSR1 translocation was also observed in the new cases, which may help in the diagnosis of CCOC. Metastases of CCOC were rare, but the local recurrence rate of CCOC rose to 42%. The best treatment for patients with CCOC is wide local excision combined with regional lymph node dissection.

Does outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) create (or transfer) employment in (or from) the home country? To examine this question, we analyze how OFDI with different motivations influen...

When an enterprise is operating globally, it will surely lead to the flow of production factors, and thus change the factor income distribution in the home country. This paper studies the influence of FDI on the labour share in enterprises’home country under the background of continuous economic globalisation. Based on the theory of Heterogeneity of FDI Motivation, this paper first analyzes the influence mechanism of FDI on home country labour share. Then, with the micro data of Chinese enterprises, this paper adopts Mahalanobis distance matching and Difference-in- Differences (DID) estimation to have empirical test on the influence of FDI on the labour share in enterprises’home country. The results show that, overall, enterprises’ FDI and labour share in the home country present a negative correlation. In terms of hetero- geneity of FDI motivation, market-seeking FDI significantly decreases the labour share in the home country, while resources- seeking and technology-seeking FDI significantly increase the labour share in the home country. From the perspective of host country heterogeneity, FDI in developed countries significantly increases the labour share in the home country, while the FDI in developing countries inhibits the increase of labour share in the home country

The manipulation and key points of professor介绍排针平刺法治疗头痛的手法及操作要点。排针平刺法治疗头痛以局部取穴为主，包括枕穴组、颞穴组、额穴组、顶穴组；针法为排针浅刺、平刺，针刺朝向病灶或头痛部位；留针时间长（6 h）。临床常用于治疗偏头痛、颈源性头痛、紧张型头痛，操作规范，具有较强的可重复性。.

By analyzing

The problems of the syndrome differentiation of migraine in acupuncture treatment were collected, e.g. inconsistency of syndrome differentiation, unclear staging of syndrome differentiation, lack of standardization in comparison between syndrome differentiation and non-differentiation, insufficient research on the factors of syndrome differentiation. In view of the exiting problems, focusing on two aspects of migraine, namely syndrome differentiation and acupuncture effect, the clinical treatment and research are conducted in migraine treated with acupuncture based on syndrome differentiation. It is believed that the comprehensive observation of the relationship between syndrome differentiation and acupuncture effect, as well as the analysis of the relevant factors of syndrome differentiation of migraine should be the focus in future research.

Deoxygenation, i.e. loss of oxygen from the oceans, often considerably influences the aquatic organisms and the wholeecosystem and changes biogeochemical cycles. It results in increasing bottom areas of hypoxia (

Determining the appropriate scale of image objects is a critical aspect that affects segmentation quality in object-based classification. This research aims to assess the influence of three objective segmentation optimization methods for object-based vegetation classification through high-resolution imagery at mine rehabilitation site. These methods included estimation of scale parameter, segmentation error index, and Euclidean distance 2 index, which were employed to determine segmentation parameters, final classification accuracy, and optimal scale parameters for segmentation. The results showed that segmentation optimization may increase the classification accuracy of object-based analysis to extract information from artificial objects with regular shape, such as rehabilitated vegetation and urban green space. Given the high-resolution image with multi-spectral bands, the segmentation error and Euclidean distance 2 indices improved final classification accuracy relative to the control. Final classification accuracy obtained from each of four workflows further indicated that relatively small differences in scale parameters can lead to considerable differences in final classification accuracy. These methods automate the mail classification steps and improve the classification accuracy, only some parts of the classification require manual intervention, resulting in a more transferable approach with potentially less time required for classifying new imagery.

The calcareous tubeworm Spirorbis spirorbis is a widespread serpulid species in the Baltic Sea, where it commonly grows as an epibiont on brown macroalgae (genus Fucus). It lives within a Mg-calcite shell and could be affected by ocean acidification and temperature rise induced by the predicted future atmospheric CO2 increase. However, Spirorbis tubes grow in a chemically modified boundary layer around the algae, which may mitigate acidification. In order to investigate how increasing temperature and rising pCO2 may influence S. spirorbis shell growth we carried out four seasonal experiments in the Kiel Outdoor Benthocosms at elevated pCO2 and temperature conditions. Compared to laboratory batch culture experiments the benthocosm approach provides a better representation of natural conditions for physical and biological ecosystem parameters, including seasonal variations. We find that growth rates of S. spirorbis are significantly controlled by ontogenetic and seasonal effects. The length of the newly grown tube is inversely related to the initial diameter of the shell. Our study showed no significant difference of the growth rates between ambient atmospheric and elevated (1100 ppm) pCO2 conditions. No influence of daily average CaCO3 saturation state on the growth rates of S. spirorbis was observed. We found, however, net growth of the shells even in temporarily undersaturated bulk solutions, under conditions that concurrently favoured selective shell surface dissolution. The results suggest an overall resistance of S. spirorbis growth to acidification levels predicted for the year 2100 in the Baltic Sea. In contrast, S. spirorbis did not survive at mean seasonal temperatures exceeding 24 °C during the summer experiments. In the autumn experiments at ambient pCO2, the growth rates of juvenile S. spirorbis were higher under elevated temperature conditions. The results reveal that S. spirorbis may prefer moderately warmer conditions during their early life stages but will suffer from an excessive temperature increase and from increasing shell corrosion as a consequence of progressing ocean acidification.

Electroacupuncture (EA) has been extensively used in clinical treatment of obesity. The effectiveness relies not only on the correct diagnosis and rational treatment, but also on the voluntary cooperation of patients, that is the satisfactory compliance. The patient compliance refers to his/her submissiveness and executive ability to medical advice, which is the indispensable factor for the clinical efficacy. The strength of it depends on the patient himself/herself, and moreover is improved through some therapeutic strategies. Based on the emphasis of individual treatment in the real world, the practical randomized controlled trial (RCT) study pays attention to patient's compliance at the beginning of trial design. In this paper, in terms of the influential factors and control strategies, the compliance of simple obesity patient in the practical RCT study was summarized systematically.

The calcareous tubeworm Spirorbis spirorbis is a wide-spread serpulid species in the Baltic Sea, where it commonly grows as an epibiont on brown macroalgae (genus Fucus). It lives within a Mg-calcite shell and could be affected by ocean acidification and temperature rise induced by the predicted future atmospheric CO2 increase. However, Spirorbis tubes grow in a chemically modified boundary layer around the algae, which may mitigate acidification. In order to investigate how increasing temperature and rising pCO2 may influence S. spirorbis shell growth we carried out four seasonal experiments in the 'Kiel Outdoor Benthocosms' at elevated pCO2 and temperature conditions. Compared to laboratory batch culture experiments the benthocosm approach provides a better representation of natural conditions for physical and biological ecosystem parameters, including seasonal variations. We find that growth rates of S. spirorbis are significantly controlled by ontogenetic and seasonal effects. The length of the newly grown tube is inversely related to the initial diameter of the shell. Our study showed no significant difference of the growth rates between ambient atmospheric and elevated (1100 ppm) pCO2 conditions. No influence of daily average CaCO3 saturation state on the growth rates of S. spirorbiswas observed. We found, however, net growth of the shells even in temporarily undersaturated bulk solutions, under conditions that concurrently favored selective shell surface dissolution. The results suggest an overall resistance of S. spirorbis growth to acidification levels predicted for the year 2100 in the Baltic Sea. In contrast, S. spirorbis did not survive at mean seasonal temperatures exceeding 24 °C during the summer experiments. In the autumn experiments at ambient pCO2, the growth rates of juvenile S. spirorbis were higher under elevated temperature conditions. The results reveal that S. spirorbis may prefer moderately warmer conditions during their early life stages but will suffer from an excessive temperature increase and from increasing shell corrosion as a consequence of progressing ocean acidification.