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BACKGROUND: The tetrahydrofuran–ethanol azeotrope cannot be separated by common distillation, but can be effectively separated by extractive distillation. Extractive distillation can be simulated by Aspen Plus software. The minimum annual cost of the process can be calculated to assess ionic liquid separation ability. The interaction energy can be used to explain the separation mechanism. RESULTS: The non‐random two‐liquid model parameters of ternary mixtures for tetrahydrofuran and ethanol containing tributylmethylammonium acetate or 1‐octyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate were obtained. Thermodynamic property databases of tributylmethylammonium acetate, 1‐hexyl‐2,3‐dimethylimidazolium acetate and 1‐octyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate were established. Based on the thermodynamic model parameters and properties, the sequential iterative method was used to determine the best operating conditions and minimum total annual cost the of extractive distillation process. The interaction energy was calculated to explain the separation mechanism. CONCLUSIONS: The separation performance of tributylmethylammonium acetate is better than that of 1‐hexyl‐2,3‐dimethylimidazolium acetate or 1‐octyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate. The selection and design of the ionic liquids can be conducted in terms of the interaction energy. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The corresponding author explained that 10 mice were used in each group whilst performing liver ischemia/reperfusion experiments, but that two liver samples of the Ago-mir-NC group were damaged during embedding or sectioning, and as a result this group only contained 8 samples. Specifically, the Fig 6D Ago-mir-146a panel appeared similar to the Fig 6G Ago-mir-146a panel despite being used to represent different experimental conditions. They provided an updated Fig 6 with the correct Fig 6D Ago-mir-146a image obtained in the original experiment, as well as the individual level data underlying the published results (S1 File). [Extracted from the article]

Background & Aims A critical role of the Toll-like receptor ( TLR)-4 and its downstream mediators in the pathogenesis of small-for-size liver graft injury has been documented. Recently, the micro RNA-146 (miR-146) was identified as a potent negative regulator of the TLR4 signalling pathway. In this study, the role of miR-146a and miR-146b in the attenuation of TLR-4 signalling and small-for-size liver graft injury was investigated. Methods The expression levels of miR-146a and miR-146b during small-for-size liver graft injury were studied in vivo. In addition, the effects of miR-146a and miR-146b on the expression of IRAK1 and TRAF6 in the rat macrophage cell line NR8383 and rat liver kupffer cells were studied in vitro. The in vivo effect of miR-146a and miR-146b on small-for-size liver graft injury was studied by the tail vein injection of miR-146a mimics and miR-146b mimics. Results The levels of miR-146a and miR-146b decreased with a small-for-size liver graft. MiR-146a and miR-146b inhibited IRAK1 and TRAF6 expression by binding to the 3′ UTR of IRAK1 or TRAF6, respectively, in the rat macrophage cell line NR8383. The administration of miR-146a mimics and miR-146b mimics prevented liver graft injury in small-for-size liver graft injury via the inactivation of IRAK1 and TRAF6 in vivo. Conclusions miR-146a and miR-146b prevent liver injury in small-for-size liver graft injury via the inactivation of IRAK1 and TRAF6. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) and Cyclin D1 is associated with tumorigenesis and progression. The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of AEG-1 and Cyclin D1 in human bladder urothelial carcinoma (BUC) and explore their clinical and pathological significance., Methods: The expression of AEG-1 and Cyclin D1 protein were detected in 85 cases of human BUC and 16 cases of tumor-adjacent tissues by the immunohistochemical method., Results: The positive expression level of AEG-1 was 61.2% in human BUC which was higher than that in tumor-adjacent tissues (18.8%), P=0.002. The high expression of AEG-1 protein was correlated with the recurrence group (P=0.004). The positive rate of AEG-1 protein in superficial carcinoma group was lower than that of invasive cancer group (P=0.014). The positive expression level of Cyclin D1 was 56.5% in BUC, which was higher than that in tumor-adjacent tissues (12.5%). P=0.001. The high expression of Cyclin D1 protein was correlated with the recurrence group (P=0.024). The positive rate of Cyclin D1 protein in low grade group was lower than that of high grade group (P=0.001). The positive rate of Cyclin D1 protein in superficial carcinoma group was lower than that of invasive carcinoma group, (P=0.012). AEG-1 protein was positively correlated with Cyclin D1 protein (r=0.567, P<0.001). The log-rank test statistical analysis suggested that patients with higher AEG-1 or Cyclin D1 expression had shorter overall survival time, while patients with lower AEG-1 or Cyclin D1 expression had better survival., Conclusion: Overexpression of AEG-1 and Cyclin D1 are markedly correlated with TNM stage and recurrence of BUC. Cyclin D1 are markedly correlated with grade of BUC. Detection of AEG-1 and Cyclin D1 may be helpful to evaluate prognosis and infiltrative capability of BUC.