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Background: This is the first case report describing a patient with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring two rare human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) exon 21 insertion mutations, who responded to furmonertinib treatment. Furmonertinib maybe one effective and economical treatment for NSCLC patients harboring HER2 mutations with minor side effects. Case description: We present a case report of a 49-year-old female diagnosed with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma who complained of irritating dry cough symptoms followed by chest tightness. Firstly, we describe the patient's treatment history, including failed third-line combination treatments of systemic chemotherapy with bevacizumab or carrelizumab or anlotinib, primary lung tumor recurrence, bilateral lung metastases progression, and new brain metastatic lesion detection. Next, we detail the patient's fourth-line treatment with radiotherapy for brain metastases and two cycles of bevacizumab plus Abraxane and cisplatin, however, the disease progressed and relapsed. After that, comprehensive genomic profiling revealed two HER2 exon 21 insertion mutations. Subsequently, the patient received targeted therapy with furmonertinib and achieved 11 months of progression-free survival. The patient received pyrrotinib therapy for 2 months after disease progression, but the disease continued to progress. In October 2023, the patient received therapy with furmonertinib again, and a month later, the disease went into partial remission. However, the patient died due to hypoproteinemia combined with severe pneumonia in December 2023. Conclusion: Furmonertinib may be effective for NSCLC patients with HER2 T8962A and L869R mutations and further studies are needed to confirm these results in prospective clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Iron has been associated with age‐related cognitive decline and dementia in middle aged and older adults. Nevertheless, as the major source of iron in the body, whether dietary iron intake is related to incident dementia remains poorly understood. Method: A total of 191,694 dementia‐free participants (55.0% female; mean±SD age, 56.2 ± 7.9 years) from the UK Biobank who completed at least one 24h dietary recall at study baseline (2009‐2012) were followed to 2021 (mean = 9.5 years). Dietary iron intake was calculated using the 24h dietary recalls. Incident dementia was identified through hospital admissions and death registries. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the overall and sex‐specific associations of dietary iron intake with incident dementia. Participants with iron intake between the 20th and 80th percentiles were considered as reference group. Result: During a total of 1,813,480 person‐years, a total of 918 (650 women and 268 men) participants developed dementia. When adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and other dietary factors, participants in the lowest quintile of iron intake were at significantly higher dementia risk (hazard ratios [HR], 1.40, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10‐1.78), while the highest quintile was not significantly related to incident dementia (HR, 1.22, 95% CI, 0.97‐1.55). We detected a significant sex difference in the relations of dietary iron intake to dementia (P‐interaction < 0.001). We observed a U‐shaped association between dietary iron intake and incident dementia in male participants (HRlow, 1.50, 95% CI, 1.09‐2.07; HRhigh, 1.40, 95% CI, 1.03‐1.91; P‐nonlinearity<0.001). Nevertheless, no significant correlation was seen in women, regardless of their menopause status. Conclusion: Our study findings suggested a U‐curve relationship between dietary iron intake and risk of dementia among males, which may be related to the differences in direct iron metabolism between the sexes. Further research is warranted to confirm the findings and to investigate the underlying mechanisms of the observed gender differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the accuracy of a dietary recording tool based on the mobile phone WeChat applet-"Zhishi AI Dietitian" applied to dietary records., Methods: The research subjects were 109 full-time undergraduates from Zhejiang University. Respondents completed one round of dietary records of "Zhishi AI Dietitian" for three non-consecutive days and one round of non-consecutive three-day 24-hour dietary review method records. The two method must overlap for one day. The energy, nutrients and various food intake data obtained from the Zhishi AI nutritionist survey were sorted and compared with the corresponding survey result of the 24-hour dietary review method. Pearson correlation coefficient or Spearman correlation coefficient was used for correlation analysis, intra-group correlation coefficient was used for reliability analysis, and Bland-Atlman scatter plot was used for consistency analysis., Results: In terms of reliability, the two method had certain reliability in assessing intake of various foods, energy and nutrients. After energy correction, the reliability of nutrient intake was enhanced. In terms of correlation, the correlation coefficients of food groups ranged from 0.34 to 0.79(mean 0.60), and the energy and nutrient correlation coefficients ranged from 0.34 to 0.72(mean 0.55). In terms of consistency, the proportion of research subjects outside the 95% consistency interval is less than 10%, indicating that the two have good consistency., Conclusion: Zhishi AI Dietitian applied to college students&apos; dietary records has good accuracy.