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1. Reemergence of Cosmopolitan Genotype Dengue Virus Serotype 2, Southern Vietnam

Author

Vi T. Tran, Rhys P.D. Inward, Bernardo Gutierrez, Nguyet M. Nguyen, Phong T. Nguyen, Isabelle Rajendiran, Tam T. Cao, Kien T.H. Duong, Moritz U.G. Kraemer, and Sophie Yacoub

Subjects
dengue virus, viruses, arboviruses, mosquito-borne infections, DENV serotype 2, climatic factors, Medicine, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

We performed phylogenetic analysis on dengue virus serotype 2 Cosmopolitan genotype in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. We document virus emergence, probable routes of introduction, and timeline of events. Our findings highlight the need for continuous, systematic genomic surveillance to manage outbreaks and forecast future epidemics.

Published
2023
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2. Neurologic Manifestations of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection in Hospitalized Patients During the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author

Anna M. Cervantes-Arslanian, MD, Chakradhar Venkata, MD, Pria Anand, MD, Joseph D. Burns, MD, Charlene J. Ong, MD, Allison M. LeMahieu, MS, Phillip J. Schulte, PhD, Tarun D. Singh, MD, Alejandro A. Rabinstein, MD, Neha Deo, BS, Vikas Bansal, MBBS, MPH, Karen Boman, BS, Juan Pablo Domecq Garces, MD, Donna Lee Armaignac, PhD, APRN, Amy B. Christie, MD, Roman R. Melamed, MD, Yasir Tarabichi, MD, MSCR, Sreekanth R. Cheruku, MD, MPH, Ashish K. Khanna, MD, FCCP, FCCM, FASA, Joshua L. Denson, MD, MS, Valerie M. Banner-Goodspeed, MPH, Harry L. Anderson, III, MD, FACS, FICS, FCCM, FCCP, FAIM, Ognjen Gajic, MD, MS, Vishakha K. Kumar, MD, MBA, Allan Walkey, MD, Rahul Kashyap, MD, MBA, on behalf of the Society of Critical Care Medicine Discovery Viral Infection and Respiratory Illness Universal Study (VIRUS): COVID-19 Registry Investigator Group, Jean-Baptiste Mesland, Pierre Henin, Hélène Petre, Isabelle Buelens, Anne-Catherine Gerard, Philippe Clevenbergh, Rolando Claure-Del Granado, Jose A. Mercado, Esdenka Vega-Terrazas, Maria F. Iturricha-Caceres, Ruben Garza, Eric Chu, Victoria Chan, Oscar Y Gavidia, Felipe Pachon, Yeimy A Sanchez, Danijel knežević, Mohamed El Kassas, Mohamed Badr, Ahmed Tawheed, Hend Yahia, Dimitrios Kantas, Vasileios Koulouras, Estela Pineda, Gabina María Reyes Guillen, Helin Archaga Soto, Ana Karen Vallecillo Lizardo, Csaba Kopitkó, Ágnes Bencze, István Méhész, Zsófia Gerendai,, Girish Vadgaonkar, Rekha Ediga, Shilpa Basety, Shwetha Dammareddy, Phani Sreeharsha Kasumalla, Smitha S. Segu, Tuhin Chakraborty, Epcebha Joyce, Sridhar Papani, Mahesh Kamuram, Mradul Kumar Daga, Munisha Agarwal, Ishan Rohtagi, Anusha Cherian, Sreejith Parameswaran, Magesh Parthiban, Phaneendra Doddaga, Neethi Chandra, Puneet Rijhwani, Ashish Jain, Aviral Gupta, Ram Mohan Jaiswal, Ambika Tyagi, Nimish Mathur, Madhav Prabhu, Vishal Jakati, Mukur Petrolwala, Bharat Ladva, Surapaneni Krishna Mohan, Ekambaram Jyothisree, Umamaheswara Raju, Janaki Manduva, Naresh Kolakani, Shreeja Sripathi, Sheetal Chaitanya, Kamlesh Kumar Agrawal, Vijendra Baghel, Kirti Kumar Patel, Nooshin Dalili, Mohsen Nafa, Wataru Matsuda, Reina Suzuki, Michihito Kyo, Shu Tahara, Mineji Hayakawa, Kunihiko Maekawa, Masamitsu Sanui, Sho Horikita, Yuki Itagaki, Akira Kodate, Yuki Takahashi, Koyo Moriki, Takuya Shiga, Yudai Iwasaki, Hidenobu Shigemitsu, Yuka Mishima, Nobuyuki Nosaka, Michio Nagashima, Abdulrahman Al-Fares, Rene Rodriguez-Gutierrez, Jose Gerardo Gonzalez-Gonzalez, Alejandro Salcido-Montenegro, Adrian Camacho-Ortiz, Mariana Janeth Hermosillo Ulloa, Fatimah Hassan-Hanga, Hadiza Galadanci, Abubakar Shehu Gezawa, Halima M. S. Kabara, Taiwo Gboluwaga Amole, Halima Kabir, Dalha Gwarzo Haliru, Abdullahi S Ibrahim, Muhammad Sohaib Asghar, Mashaal Syed, Syed Anosh Ali Naqvi, Igor Borisovich Zabolotskikh,, Konstantin Dmitrievich Zybin, Sergey Vasilevich Sinkov, Tatiana Sergeevna Musaeva, Razan K Alamoudi, Hassan M. AlSharif, Sarah A. Almazwaghi, Mohammed S Elsakran, Mohamed A Aid, Mouaz A Darwich, Omnia M Hagag, Salah A Ali, Alona rocacorba, Kathrine Supeña, Efren Ray Juane, Jenalyn Medina, Jowany Baduria, Marwa Ridha Amer, Mohammed Abdullah, Bawazeer, Talal I. Dahhan, Eiad Kseibi, Abid Shahzad Butt, Syed Moazzum Khurshid, Muath Rabee, Mohammed Abujazar, Razan Alghunaim, Maal Abualkhair, Abeer Turki AlFirm, Yaseen M Arabi, Sheryl Ann Abdukahil, Mohammed A Almazyad, Mohammed I Alarifi, Jara M Macarambon, Ahmad Abdullah Bukhari, Hussain A. Albahrani, Kazi N Asfina, Kaltham M Aldossary, Marija Zdravkovic, Zoran Todorovic, Viseslav Popadic, Slobodan Klasnja, Ana Andrijevic, Srdjan Gavrilovic, Vladimir Carapic, Bojan Kovacevic, Jovana Bojicic, Stevanovic Predrag, Dejan S Stojakov, Duska K Ignjatovic, Suzana C Bojic, Marina M Bobos, Irina B Nenadic, Milica S Zaric, Marko D Djuric, Vladimir R Djukic, Santiago Y. Teruel, Belen C. Martin, Uluhan Sili, Huseyin Bilgin, Pinar Ay, Varsha P Gharpure, Usman Raheemi, Kenneth W. Dodd, Nicholas Goodmanson, Kathleen Hesse, Paige Bird, Chauncey Weinert, Nathan Schoenrade, Abdulrahman Altaher, Esmael Mayar, Matthew Aronson, Tyler Cooper, Monica Logan, Brianna Miner, Gisele Papo, Eric M. Siegal, Phyllis Runningen, Suzanne Barry, Christopher Woll, Gregory Wu, Erin Carrole, Kathryn Burke, Mustafa Mohammed, Roman R. Melamed, David M. Tierney, Love A. Patel, Vino S. Raj, Barite U. Dawud, Narayana Mazumder, Abbey Sidebottom, Alena M. Guenther, Benjamin D. Krehbiel, Nova J. Schmitz, Stacy L. Jepsen, Lynn Sipsey, Anna Schulte, Whitney Wunderlich, Cecely Hoyt, Abhijit A Raval, Andrea Franks, Katherine Irby, Ronald C. Sanders, Jr., Glenda Hefley, Jennifer M. Jarvis, Anmol Kharbanda, Sunil Jhajhria, Zachary Fyffe, Stephen Capizzi, Bethany Alicie, Martha Green, Lori Crockarell, Amelia Drennan, Kathleen Dubuque, Tonya Fambrough, Nikole Gasaway, Briana Krantz, Peiman Nebi, Jan Orga, Margaret Serfass, Alina Simion, Kimberly Warren, Cassie Wheeler, CJ Woolman, Amy B. Christie, Dennis W. Ashley, Rajani Adiga, Andrew S. Moyer, George M. Verghese, Andrea Sikora Newsome, Christy C. Forehand, Rebecca Bruning, Timothy W. Jones, Moldovan Sabov, Fatema Zaidi, Fiona Tissavirasingham, Dhatri Malipeddi, Jarrod M Mosier, Karen Lutrick, Beth Salvagio Campbell, Cathleen Wilson, Patrick Rivers, Jonathan Brinks, Mokenge Ndiva Mongoh, Boris Gilson, Donna Lee Armaignac, Don Parris, Maria Pilar Zuniga, Ilea Vargas, Viviana Boronat, Anneka Hutton, Navneet Kaur, Prashank Neupane, Nohemi Sadule-Rios, Lourdes M. Rojas, Aashish Neupane, Priscilla Rivera, Carlos Valle Carlos, Gregory Vincent, Mahesh Amin, Mary E Schelle, Amanda Steadham, Christopher M Howard, Cameron McBride, Jocelyn Abraham, Orlando Garner, Katherine Richards, Keegan Collins, Preethi Antony, Sindhu Mathew, Valerie C. Danesh, Gueorgui Dubrocq, Amber L. Davis, Marissa J Hammers, ill M. McGahey, Amanda C. Farris, Elisa Priest, Robyn Korsmo, Lorie Fares, Kathy Skiles, Susan M. Shor, Kenya Burns, Corrie A Dowell, Gabriela “Hope” Gonzales, Melody Flores, Lindsay Newman, Debora A Wilk, Jason Ettlinger, Jaccallene Bomar, Himani Darji, Alejandro Arroliga, Alejandro C Arroliga, Corrie A. Dowell, Gabriela Hope Conzales, Debora A. Wilk, Paras B. Khandhar, Elizabeth Kring, Valerie M. Banner-Goodspeed, Somnath Bose, Lauren E. Kelly, Melisa Joseph, Marie McGourty, Krystal Capers, Benjamin Hoenig, Maria C. Karamourtopoulos, Anica C. Law, Elias N. Baedorf Kassis, Allan J. Walkey, Sushrut S. Waikar, Michael A. Garcia, Mia Colona, Zoe Kibbelaar, Michael Leong, Daniel Wallman, Kanupriya Soni, Jennifer Maccarone, Joshua Gilman, Ycar Devis, Joseph Chung, Munizay Paracha, David N. Lumelsky, Madeline DiLorenzo, Najla Abdurrahman, Shelsey Johnson, Maj Andrew M. Hersh, CPT Stephanie L Wachs, Brittany S. Swigger, Stephanie L Wachs, Capt Lauren A. Sattler, Capt Michael N. Moulton, Kimberly Zammit, Patrick, J McGrath, William Loeffler, Maya, R. Chilbert, Aaron S. Miller, Edwin L. Anderson, Rosemary Nagy, Ravali R. Inja, Pooja A. Nawathe, Isabel Pedraza, Jennifer Tsing, Karen Carr, Anila Chaudhary, Kathleen Guglielmino, Raghavendra Tirupathi, Alymer Tang, Arshad Safi, Cindy Green, Jackie Newell, Rayan E. Ihle, Shelda A. Martin, Elaine A. Davis, Katja M. Gist, Imran A Sayed, John Brinton, Larisa Strom, Kathleen Chiotos, Allison M. Blatz, Giyoung Lee, Ryan H. Burnett, Guy I. Sydney, Danielle M. Traynor, Karissa Nauert, Annika Gonzalez, Mariel Bagley, Anita Santpurkar, Salim Surani, Joshua White, Aftab Khan, Rahul Dhahwal, Sreekanth Cheruku, Farzin Ahmed, Christopher Deonarine, Ashley Jones, Mohammad-Ali Shaikh, David Preston, Jeanette Chin, Vidula Vachharajani, Abhijit Duggal, Prabalini Rajendram, Omar Mehkri, Siddharth Dugar, Michelle Biehl, Gretchen Sacha, Stuart Houltham, Alexander King, Kiran Ashok, Bryan Poynter, Mary Beukemann, Richard Rice, Susan Gole, Valerie Shaner, Adarsh Conjeevaram, Michelle Ferrari, Narendrakumar Alappan, Steven Minear, Jaime Hernandez-Montfort, Syed Sohaib Nasim, Ravi Sunderkrishnan, Debasis Sahoo, Patrick S. Milligan, Sandeep K. Gupta, Joy M. Koglin, Regina Gibson, Lana Johnson, Felicia Preston, Crimson Scott, Bethany Nungester, Dana D Byrne, Christa A Schorr, Katie Grant, Katherine L Doktor, Maura C Porto, Olga Kaplan, James E. Siegler, III, Brian Schonewald, Ashley Woodford, Alan Tsai, Savina Reid, Kuntal Bhowmick, Saba Daneshpooy, Cyrus Mowdawalla, Trishna Akshay Dave, Wilhemina Kennedy, Connor Crudeli, Christopher Ferry, Long Nguyen, Sneha Modi, Niharika Padala, Pavan Jitendra Patel, Belle Lin, Lena Chatterjee, Jamie Qiuyun, Fan Mandi Liu, Rasagna Kota, Annesha Banerjee, Steven K. Daugherty, Sam Atkinson, Kelly Shrimpton, Sidney Ontai, Brian Contreras, Uzoma Obinwanko, Nneka Amamasi, Amir Sharafi, Sarah Lee, Zahia Esber, Chetna Jinjvadia, Raquel R Bartz, Vijay Krishnamoorthy, Bryan Kraft, Aaron Pulsipher, Eugene Friedman, Sachin Mehta, Margit Kaufman, Gregg Lobel, Nisha Gandhi, Amr Abdelaty, Elizabeth Shaji, Kiana Lim, Juan Marte, Dani Ashley Sosa, David P. Yamane, Ivy Benjenk, Nivedita Prasanna, Nicholas Perkins, Prera J. Roth, Banu Sivaraj, Haley Fulton, Madison G Herin, Marissa Crum, Morgan E. Fretwell, Emily-Rose Zhou, Christine Waller, Kara Kallies, Jonean Thorsen, Alec Fitzsimmons, Haley Olsen, Heda R. Dapul, Sourabh Verma, Alan Salas, Ariel Daube, Michelle Korn, Michelle Ramirez, Logi Rajagopalan, Laura Santos, Héctor Collazo Santiago, Ricardo Alan Hernandez, Norma Smalls, Asher G Bercow, Mark Shlomovich, Christine Crandall, Sasko Stojanovski, Kristin Johnson, Kelly Michienzi, Steven Q. Davis, Valentina Jovic, Max Masuda, Amanda Hayes, Katharine Nault, Michael Smith, William Snow, Riley Liptak, Hannah Durant, Valerie Pendleton, Alay Nanavati, Risa Mrozowsk, Namrata Nag, Jeff Brauer, Ashwin Dharmadhikari, Sahib Singh, Franco Laghi, Ghania Naeem, Andrew Wang, Kevin Bliden, Amit Rout, Jaime Barnes, Martin Gesheff, Asha Thomas, Melbin Thomas, Alicia R. Liendo, Jovan Milosavljevic, Kenan Abbasi, Nicholas B. Burley, Nicole Rapista, Samuel Amankwah, Sanjay K Poude, Saroj Timilsina, Sauradeep Sarkar, Oluwasayo Akinyosoye, Shashi K. Yalamanchili, Sheena Moorthy, Sonia Sugumar, Jonathan Ford, Martin C. Taylor, Charlotte Dunderdale, Alyssa Henshaw, Mary K. Brunk, Jessica Hagy, Shehryar Masood, Sushrutha Sridhar, Yuk Ming Liu, Sarah Zavala, Esther Shim, Ronald A. Reilkoff, Julia A. Heneghan, Sarah Eichen, Lexie Goertzen, Scott Rajala, Ghislaine Feussom, Ben Tang, Christine C. Junia, Robert Lichtenberg, Hasrat Sidhu, Diana Espinoza, Shelden Rodrigues, Maria Jose Zabala, Daniela Goyes, Ammu Susheela, Buddhi Hatharaliyadda, Naveen Rameshkumar, Amulya Kasireddy, Genessis Maldonado, Lisseth Beltran, Akshata Chaugule, Hassan Khan, Namrata Patil, Ruhi Patil, Rodrigo Cartin-Ceba, Ayan Sen, Fahimeh Talaei, Rahul Kashyap, Juan Pablo Domecq, Ognjen Gajic, Vikas Bansal, Aysun Tekin, Amos Lal, John C. O’Horo, Neha N. Deo, Mayank Sharma, Shahraz Qamar, Romil Singh, Diana J. Valencia Morales, Abigail T. La Nou, Marija Bogojevic, Simon Zec, Devang Sanghavi, Pramod Guru, Pablo Moreno Franco, Karthik Gnanapandithan, Hollie Saunders, Zachary Fleissner, Juan Garcia, Alejandra Yu Lee Mateus, Siva Naga Yarrarapu, Nirmaljot Kaur, Abhisekh Giri, Mohammed Mustafa Hasan, Ashrita Donepudi, Syed Anjum Khan, Nitesh Kumar Jain, Thoyaja Koritala, Alexander Bastidas, Gabriela Orellana, Adriana Briceno Bierwirth, Eliana Milazzo, Juan Guillermo Sierra, Thao Dang, Rahul S Nanchal, Paul A Bergl, Jennifer L Peterson, Jessica Timmer, Kimberly Welker, Travis Yamanaka, Nicholas A. Barreras, Michael Markos, Anita Fareeduddin, Rohan Mehta, Chakradhar Venkata, Miriam Engemann, Annamarie Mantese, Yasir Tarabichi, Adam Perzynski, Christine Wang, Dhatri Kotekal, Adriana C Briceno Bierwirth, Gabriela M Orellana, Gerardo Catalasan, Shohana Ahmed, Carlos F Matute, Ahmad Hamdan, Ivania Salinas, Genesis Del Nogal, Angel Tejada, Anna Eschler, Mary Hejna, Emily Lewandowski, Kristen Kusmierski, Clare Martin, Jen-Ting Chen, Aluko Hope, Zoe Tsagaris, Elise Ruen, Aram Hambardzumyan, Nasar A Siddiqi, Lesly Jurado, Lindsey Tincher, Carolyn Brown, Prithvi Sendi, Meghana Nadiger, Balagangadhar Totapally, Bhagat S. Aulakh, Sandeep Tripathi, Jennifer A. Bandy, Lisa M. Kreps, Dawn R. Bollinger, Neha Gupta, Brent R Brown, Tracy L Jones, Kassidy Malone, Lauren A Sinko, Amy B Harrell, Shonda C Ayers, Lisa M Settle, Taylor J Sears, Roger Scott Stienecker, Andre G. Melendez, Tressa A. Brunner, Sue M Budzon, Jessica L. Heffernan, Janelle M. Souder, Tracy L. Miller, Andrea G. Maisonneuve, Roberta E. Redfern, Jessica Shoemaker, Jennifer Micham, Lynn Kenney, Gabriel Naimy, Victoria Schauf, Sara Utley, Holly Balcer, Kerry P. J. Pulver, Jennifer Yehle, Alicia Weeks, Terra Inman, Majdi Hamarshi, Jeannette Ploetz, Nick Bennett, Kyle Klindworth, Moustafa Younis, Adham Mohamed, Brian L. Delmonaco, Anthony Franklin, Mitchell Heath, Diane Barkas, Antonia L. Vilella, Sara B. Kutner, Kacie Clark, Danielle Moore, Shina Menon, John K McGuire, Deana Rich, Harry L. Anderson, III, Dixy Rajkumar, Ali Abunayla, Jerrilyn Heiter, Howard A. Zaren, Stephanie J. Smith, Grant C. Lewis, Lauren Seames, Cheryl Farlow, Judy Miller, Gloria Broadstreet, John Lin, Cindy Terrill, Brock Montgomery, Sydney Reyes, Summer Reyes, Alex Plattner, Anthony Martinez, Micheal Allison, Aniket Mittal, Rafael Ruiz, Aleta Skaanland, Robert Ross, Umang Patel, Jordesha Hodge, Krunal Kumar Patel, Shivani Dalal, Himanshu Kavani, Sam Joseph, Michael A. Bernstein, Ian K. Goff, Matthew Naftilan, Amal Mathew, Deborah Williams, Sue Murdock, Maryanne Ducey, Kerianne Nelson, Jason Block, James Mitchel, Connor G O’Brien, Sylvan Cox, William Marx, Ioana Amzuta, Asad J. Choudhry, Mohammad T. Azam, Kristina L Carter, Michael A Olmos, Brittany M Parker, Julio Quintanilla, Tara A Craig, Brendon J Clough, Jeffrey T Jameson, Utpal S. Bhalala, Joshua Kuehne, Melinda Garcia, Morgan Beebe, Heather Herrera, Chris Fiack, Stephanie Guo, May Vawer, Beth Blackburn, Caleb Darby, Kristy Page, Amanda Brown, Jessie McAbee, Katherine A. Belden, Michael Baram, Devin M. Weber, Rosalie DePaola, Yuwei Xia, Hudson Carter, Aaron Tolley, Mary Barletta, Mark Steele, Laurie Kemble, Joshua L. Denson, A. Scott Gillet, Margo Brown, Rachael Stevens, Andrew Wetherbie, Kevin Tea, Mathew Moore, Abdurrahman Husain, Atul Malhotra, Qais Zawaydeh, Benjamin J Sines, Thomas J Bice, Emily A. Vail, Susannah Nicholson, Rachelle B. Jonas, AnnaRose E. Dement, William Tang, Mark DeRosa, Robert E. Villarreal, Rajany V. Dy, Alfredo Iardino, Jill Sharma, Richard Czieki, Julia Christopher, Ryan Lacey, Marwan Mashina, Kushal Patel, Erica C. Bjornstad, Nancy M. Tofil, Scott House, Isabella Aldana, Nikhil K. Meena, Jose D. Caceres, Nikhil K Meena, Sarenthia M. Epps, Harmeen Goraya, Kelsey R. Besett, Ryan James, Lana Y. Abusalem, Akash K. Patel, Lana S Hasan, Dina Gomaa, Michael Goodman, Devin Wakefield, Anthony Spuzzillo, John O. Shinn II, Robert MacLaren, Azra Bihorac, Tezcan Ozrazgat Baslanti, George Omalay, Haleh Hashemighouchani, Julie S. Cupka, Matthew M Ruppert, Patrick W. McGonagill, Colette Galet, Janice Hubbard, David Wang, Lauren Allan, Aditya Badheka, Madhuradhar Chegondi, Usman Nazir, Garrett Rampon, Jake Riggle, Nathan Dismang, Vicki Montgomery, Janice Sullivan, Sarah Morris, Jennifer Nason, Ozan Akca, Rainer Lenhardt, Rodrigo S. Cavallazzi, Ann Jerde, Alexa Black, Allison Polidori, Haily Griffey, Justin Winkler, Thomas Brenzel, Roger A. Alvarez, Amarilys Alarcon-Calderon, Marie Anne Sosa, Sunita K. Mahabir, Mausam J. Patel, Pauline Park, Andrew Admon, Sinan Hanna, Rishi Chanderraj, Maria Pliakas, Ann Wolski, Jennifer Cirino, Dima Dandachi, Hariharan Regunath, Maraya N. Camazine, Grant. E. Geiger, Abdoulie O. Njai, Baraa M. Saad, Faraaz Ali Shah, Byron Chuan, Sagar L. Rawal, Manal Piracha, Joseph E. Tonna, Nicholas M. Levin, Kayte Suslavich, Rachel Tsolinas, Zachary T. Fica, Chloe R. Skidmore, Renee D. Stapleton, Anne E. Dixon, Olivia Johnson, Sara S. Ardren, Stephanie Burns, Anna Raymond, Erika Gonyaw, Kevin Hodgdon, Chloe Housenger, Benjamin Lin, Karen McQuesten, Heidi Pecott-Grimm, Julie Sweet, Sebastian Ventrone, Nita Khandelwal, T. Eoin West, Ellen S. Caldwell, Lara Lovelace-Macon, Navya Garimella, Denisse B. Dow, Sreekanth R. Cheruku, Catherine Chen, Murtaza Akhter, Rania Abdul Rahman, Mary Mulrow, Erin M. Wilfong, Kelsi Vela, Ashish K. Khanna, Lynne Harris, Bruce Cusson, Jacob Fowler, David Vaneenenaam, Glen McKinney, Imoh Udoh, Kathleen Johnson, Patrick G. Lyons, Andrew P Michelson, Sara S. Haluf, Lauren M. Lynch, Nguyet M. Nguyen, Aaron Steinberg, Nicholas Braus, Vishwanath Pattan, Jessica Papke, Ismail Jimada, Nida Mhid, Samuel Chakola, Kevin Sheth, Abdalla Ammar, Mahmoud Ammar, Victor Torres Lopez, Charles Dela Cruz,, Akhil Khosla, and Samir Gautam

Subjects
Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9
Abstract

OBJECTIVES:. To describe the prevalence, associated risk factors, and outcomes of serious neurologic manifestations (encephalopathy, stroke, seizure, and meningitis/encephalitis) among patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. DESIGN:. Prospective observational study. SETTING:. One hundred seventy-nine hospitals in 24 countries within the Society of Critical Care Medicine Discovery Viral Infection and Respiratory Illness Universal Study COVID-19 Registry. PATIENTS:. Hospitalized adults with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. INTERVENTIONS:. None. RESULTS:. Of 16,225 patients enrolled in the registry with hospital discharge status available, 2,092 (12.9%) developed serious neurologic manifestations including 1,656 (10.2%) with encephalopathy at admission, 331 (2.0%) with stroke, 243 (1.5%) with seizure, and 73 (0.5%) with meningitis/encephalitis at admission or during hospitalization. Patients with serious neurologic manifestations of COVID-19 were older with median (interquartile range) age 72 years (61.0–81.0 yr) versus 61 years (48.0–72.0 yr) and had higher prevalence of chronic medical conditions, including vascular risk factors. Adjusting for age, sex, and time since the onset of the pandemic, serious neurologic manifestations were associated with more severe disease (odds ratio [OR], 1.49; p < 0.001) as defined by the World Health Organization ordinal disease severity scale for COVID-19 infection. Patients with neurologic manifestations were more likely to be admitted to the ICU (OR, 1.45; p < 0.001) and require critical care interventions (extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: OR, 1.78; p = 0.009 and renal replacement therapy: OR, 1.99; p < 0.001). Hospital, ICU, and 28-day mortality for patients with neurologic manifestations was higher (OR, 1.51, 1.37, and 1.58; p < 0.001), and patients had fewer ICU-free, hospital-free, and ventilator-free days (estimated difference in days, –0.84, –1.34, and –0.84; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS:. Encephalopathy at admission is common in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and is associated with worse outcomes. While serious neurologic manifestations including stroke, seizure, and meningitis/encephalitis were less common, all were associated with increased ICU support utilization, more severe disease, and worse outcomes.

Published
2022
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3. Risk Factors for Critical Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Mortality in Hospitalized Young Adults: An Analysis of the Society of Critical Care Medicine Discovery Viral Infection and Respiratory Illness Universal Study (VIRUS) Coronavirus Disease 2019 Registry

Author

Sandeep Tripathi, MD, MS, Imran A. Sayed, MD, Heda Dapul, MD, Jeremy S. McGarvey, MS, Jennifer A. Bandy, RN, Karen Boman, BS, Vishakha K. Kumar, MD, MBA, Vikas Bansal, MBBS, MPH, Lynn Retford, CAE, Sreekanth Cheruku, MD, MPH, Margit Kaufman, MD, FASA, Smith F. Heavner, MS, RN, Valerie C. Danesh, PhD, RN, Catherine A. St. Hill, DVM, PhD, Ashish K. Khanna, MD, Utpal Bhalala, MD, Rahul Kashyap, MBBS, MBA, Ognjen Gajic, MD, MS, Allan J. Walkey, MD, MS, Katja M. Gist, DO, MSc, for The Society of Critical Care Medicine Discovery Viral Infection and Respiratory Illness Universal Study (VIRUS): COVID-19 Registry Investigator Group, Jean-Baptiste Mesland, Pierre Henin, Hélène Petre, Isabelle Buelens, Anne-Catherine Gerard, Philippe Clevenbergh, Rolando Claure-Del Granado, Jose A. Mercado, Esdenka Vega-Terrazas, Maria F. Iturricha-Caceres, Ruben Garza, Eric Chu, Victoria Chan, Oscar Y Gavidia, Felipe Pachon, Yeimy A Sanchez, Mohamed El Kassas, Mohamed Badr, Ahmed Tawheed, Hend Yahia, Sierra-Hoffman, Fernando Valerio, Oscar Diaz, Jose Luis Ramos Coello, Guillermo Perez, Ana Karen Vallecillo Lizardo, Gabina María Reyes Guillen, Helin Archaga Soto, Mradul Kumar Daga, Munisha Agarwal, Ishan Rohtagi, Anusha Cherian, Sreejith Parameswaran, Magesh Parthiban, Menu Priya A., Girish Vadgaonkar, Rekha Ediga, Shilpa Basety, Shwetha Dammareddy, Phani Sreeharsha Kasumalla, Sridhar Papani, Mahesh Kamuram, Smitha S. Segu, Tuhin Chakraborty, Epcebha Joyce, Umamaheswara Raju, Janaki Manduva, Naresh Kolakani, Shreeja Sripathi, Sheetal Chaitanya, Surapaneni Krishna Mohan, Ekambaram Jyothisree, Kamlesh Kumar Agrawal, Vijendra Baghel, Kirti Kumar Patel, Nooshin Dalili, Mohsen Nafa, Sandeep Tripathi, Yuki Itagaki, Akira Kodate, Reina Suzuki, Yuki Takahashi, Koyo Moriki, Michihito Kyo, Masamitsu Sanui, Sho Horikita, Wataru Matsuda, Shu Tahara, Mineji Hayakawa, Kunihiko Maekawa, Takuya Shiga, Yudai Iwasaki, Abdulrahman AlFares, Rene Rodriguez-Gutierrez, Jose Gerardo Gonzalez-Gonzalez, Alejandro Salcido-Montenegro, Adrian Camacho-Ortiz, Fatimah Hassan-Hanga, Hadiza Galadanci, Abubakar Shehu Gezawa, Halima M. S. Kabara, Taiwo Gboluwaga Amole, Halima Kabir, Dalha Gwarzo, Haliru, Abdullahi S Ibrahim, Muhammad Sohaib Asghar, Mashaal Syed, Syed Anosh Ali Naqvi, Igor Borisovich Zabolotskikh, Konstantin Dmitrievich Zybin, Sergey Vasilevich Sinkov, Tatiana Sergeevna Musaeva, Marwa Ridha Amer, Mohammed Abdullah Bawazeer, Talal I. Dahhan, Eiad Kseibi, Abid Shahzad Butt, Syed Moazzum Khurshid, Muath Rabee, Mohammed Abujazar, Razan Alghunaim, Maal Abualkhair, Abeer Turki AlFirm, Razan K Alamoudi, Hassan M. AlSharif, Sarah A. Almazwaghi, Mohammed S Elsakran, Mohamed A Aid, Mouaz A Darwich, Omnia M Hagag, Salah A Ali, Alona rocacorba, Kathrine Supeña, Efren Ray Juane, Jenalyn Medina, Jowany Baduria, Mohammed A Almazyad, Mohammed I Alarifi, Jara M Macarambon, Ahmad Abdullah Bukhari, Hussain A. Albahrani, Kazi N Asfina, Kaltham M Aldossary, Predrag D Stevanovic, Dejan S Stojakov, Duska K Ignjatovic, Suzana C Bojic, Marina M Bobos, Irina B Nenadic, Milica S Zaric, Marko D Djuric, Vladimir R Djukic, Bojan Kovacevic, Jovana Bojicic, Marija Zdravkovic, Zoran Todorovic, Viseslav Popadic, Slobodan Klasnja, Santiago Y. Teruel, Belen C. Martin, Himat Sulaimonov, Firuza Khudonazarova, Nabi Bakhtibekov, Nekruz Jamshedov, Uluhan Sili, Huseyin Bilgin, Pinar Ay, Varsha P Gharpure, Usman Raheemi, Kenneth W. Dodd, Nicholas Goodmanson, Kathleen Hesse, Paige Bird, Chauncey Weinert, Nathan Schoenrade, Abdulrahman Altaher, Esmael Mayar, Matthew Aronson, Tyler Cooper, Monica Logan, Brianna Miner, Gisele Papo, Eric M. Siegal, Phyllis Runningen, Catherine A. St. Hill, Roman R. Melamed, David M. Tierney, Love A. Patel, Vino S. Raj, Barite U. Dawud, Narayana Mazumder, Abbey Sidebottom, Alena M. Guenther, Benjamin D. Krehbiel, Nova J. Schmitz, Stacy L. Jepsen, Abhijit A Raval, Andrea Franks, Katherine Irby, Ronald C. Sanders, Jr., Glenda Hefley, Anmol Kharbanda, Sunil Jhajhria, Zachary Fyffe, Stephen Capizzi, Bethany Alicie, Martha Green, Lori Crockarell, Amelia Drennan, Kathleen Dubuque, Tonya Fambrough, Nikole Gasaway, Briana Krantz, Peiman Nebi, Jan Orga, Margaret Serfass, Alina Simion, Kimberly Warren, Cassie Wheeler, CJ Woolman, Andrew S. Moyer, George M. Verghese, Andrea Sikora Newsome, Christy C. Forehand, Rebecca Bruning, Timothy W. Jones, Moldovan Sabov, Fatema Zaidi, Fiona Tissavirasingham, Dhatri Malipeddi, Jarrod M Mosier, Karen Lutrick, Beth Salvagio Campbell, Cathleen Wilson, Patrick Rivers, Jonathan Brinks, Mokenge Ndiva Mongoh, Boris Gilson, Donna Lee Armaignac, Don Parris, Maria Pilar Zuniga, Ilea Vargas, Viviana Boronat, Anneka Hutton, Navneet Kaur, Prashank Neupane, Nohemi Sadule-Rios, Lourdes M. Rojas, Aashish Neupane, Priscilla Rivera, Carlos Valle Carlos, Gregory Vincent, Mahesh Amin, Mary E Schelle, Amanda Steadham, Christopher M Howard, Cameron McBride, Jocelyn Abraham, Orlando Garner, Katherine Richards, Keegan Collins, Preethi Antony, Sindhu Mathew, Valerie C. Danesh, Gueorgui Dubrocq, Amber L. Davis, Marissa J Hammers, ill M. McGahey, Amanda C. Farris, Elisa Priest, Robyn Korsmo, Lorie Fares, Kathy Skiles, Susan M. Shor, Kenya Burns, Corrie A Dowell, Melody Flores, Lindsay Newman, Debora A Wilk, Jason Ettlinger, Jaccallene Bomar, Himani Darji, Alejandro Arroliga, Alejandro C Arroliga, Corrie A. Dowell, Gabriela Hope Conzales, Debora A. Wilk, Paras B. Khandhar, Elizabeth Kring, Valerie M. Banner-Goodspeed, Somnath Bose, Lauren E. Kelly, Melisa Joseph, Marie McGourty, Krystal Capers, Benjamin Hoenig, Maria C. Karamourtopoulos, Anica C. Law, Elias N. Baedorf Kassis, Allan J. Walkey, Sushrut S. Waikar, Michael A. Garcia, Mia Colona, Zoe Kibbelaar, Michael Leong, Daniel Wallman, Kanupriya Soni, Jennifer Maccarone, Joshua Gilman, Ycar Devis, Joseph Chung, Munizay Paracha, David N. Lumelsky, Madeline DiLorenzo, Najla Abdurrahman, Shelsey Johnson, Andrew M. Hersh, Stephanie L Wachs, Brittany S. Swigger, Lauren A. Sattler, Michael N. Moulton, Kimberly Zammit, J Patrick, William McGrath, Maya Loeffler, R Chilbert, Aaron S. Miller, Edwin L. Anderson, Rosemary Nagy, Ravali R. Inja, Raghavendra Tirupathi, Alymer Tang, Arshad Safi, Cindy Green, Jackie Newell, Rayan E. Ihle, Shelda A. Martin, Elaine A. Davis, Katja M. Gist, Imran A Sayed, John Brinton, Larisa Strom, Kathleen Chiotos, Allison M. Blatz, Giyoung Lee, Ryan H. Burnett, Guy I. Sydney, Danielle M. Traynor, Karissa Nauert, Annika Gonzalez, Mariel Bagley, Anita Santpurkar, Salim Surani, Joshua White, Aftab Khan, Rahul Dhahwal, Sreekanth Cheruku, Farzin Ahmed, Christopher Deonarine, Ashley Jones, Mohammad-Ali Shaikh, David Preston, Jeanette Chin, Vidula Vachharajani, Abhijit Duggal, Prabalini Rajendram, Omar Mehkri, Siddharth Dugar, Michelle Biehl, Gretchen Sacha, Stuart Houltham, Alexander King, Kiran Ashok, Bryan Poynter, Mary Beukemann, Richard Rice, Susan Gole, Valerie Shaner, Adarsh Conjeevaram, Michelle Ferrari, Narendrakumar Alappan, Steven Minear, Jaime Hernandez-Montfort, Syed Sohaib Nasim, Ravi Sunderkrishnan, Debasis Sahoo, Patrick S. Milligan, Sandeep K. Gupta, Joy M. Koglin, Regina Gibson, Lana Johnson, Felicia Preston, Crimson Scott, Bethany Nungester, Steven K. Daugherty, Sam Atkinson, Kelly Shrimpton, Sidney Ontai, Brian Contreras, Uzoma Obinwanko, Nneka Amamasi, Amir Sharafi, Sarah Lee, Zahia Esber, Chetna Jinjvadia, Kimberly Welker, Francis M. Maguire, Jessica Timmer, Raquel R Bartz, Vijay Krishnamoorthy, Bryan Kraft, Aaron Pulsipher, Eugene Friedman, Sachin Mehta, Margit Kaufman, Gregg Lobel, Nisha Gandhi, Amr Abdelaty, Elizabeth Shaji, Kiana Lim, Juan Marte, Dani Ashley Sosa, David P. Yamane, Ivy Benjenk, Nivedita Prasanna, Smith F. Heavner-Sullivan, Prera J. Roth, Banu Sivaraj, Haley Fulton, Madison G Herin, Marissa Crum, Morgan E. Fretwell, Emily-Rose Zhou, Christine Waller, Kara Kallies, Jonean Thorsen, Alec Fitzsimmons, Haley Olsen, Heda R. Dapul, Sourabh Verma, Alan Salas, Ariel Daube, Michelle Korn, Michelle Ramirez, Logi Rajagopalan, Laura Santos, Orma Smalls, Atul Malhotra, Abdurrahman Husain, Qais Zawaydeh, J.H. Steuernagle, Steven Q. Davis, Valentina Jovic, Max Masuda, Amanda Hayes, Katharine Nault, Michael Smith, William Snow, Riley Liptak, Hannah Durant, Valerie Pendleton, Alay Nanavati, Risa Mrozowsk, LiManoj K Gupta, Franscene E. Oulds, Akshay Nandavar, Yuk Ming Liu, Sarah Zavala, Esther Shim, Ronald A. Reilkoff, Julia A. Heneghan, Sarah Eichen, Lexie Goertzen, Scott Rajala, Ghislaine Feussom, Ben Tang, Christine C. Junia, Robert Lichtenberg, Hasrat Sidhu, Diana Espinoza, Shelden Rodrigues, Maria Jose Zabala, Daniela Goyes, Ammu Susheela, Buddhi Hatharaliyadda, Naveen Rameshkumar, Amulya Kasireddy, Genessis Maldonado, Lisseth Beltran, Akshata Chaugule, Hassan Khan, Namrata Patil, Ruhi Patil, Rodrigo Cartin-Ceba, Ayan Sen, Amanda Palacios, Giyth M. Mahdi, Rahul Kashyap, Ognjen Gajic, Vikas Bansal, Aysun Tekin, Amos Lal, John C. O’Horo, Neha N. Deo, Mayank Sharma, Shahraz Qamar, Cory J. Kudrna, Juan Pablo Domecq Garces, Abigail T. La Nou, Marija Bogojevic, Devang Sanghavi, Pramod Guru, Karthik Gnanapandithan, Hollie Saunders, Zachary Fleissner, Juan Garcia, Alejandra Yu Lee Mateus, Siva Naga Yarrarapu, Syed Anjum Khan, Juan Pablo Domecq, Nitesh Kumar Jain, Thoyaja Koritala, Alexander Bastidas, Gabriela Orellana, Adriana Briceno Bierwirth, Eliana Milazzo, Juan Guillermo Sierra, Thao Dang, Amy B. Christie, Dennis W. Ashley, Rajani Adiga, Rahul S Nanchal, Paul A Bergl, Jennifer L Peterson, Travis Yamanaka, Nicholas A. Barreras, Michael Markos, Anita Fareeduddin, Rohan Mehta, Chakradhar Venkata, Miriam Engemann, Annamarie Mantese, Yasir Tarabichi, Adam Perzynski, Christine Wang, Dhatri Kotekal, Adriana C Briceno Bierwirth, Gabriela M Orellana, Gerardo Catalasan, Shohana Ahmed, Carlos F Matute, Ahmad Hamdan, Ivania Salinas, Genesis Del Nogal, Angel Tejada, Anna Eschler, Mary Hejna, Emily Lewandowski, Kristen Kusmierski, Clare Martin, Jen-Ting Chen, Aluko Hope, Zoe Tsagaris, Elise Ruen, Aram Hambardzumyan, Prithvi Sendi, Meghana Nadiger, Balagangadhar Totapally, Bhagat S. Aulakh, Jennifer A. Bandy, Lisa M. Kreps, Dawn R. Bollinger, Roger Scott Stienecker, Andre G. Melendez, Tressa A. Brunner, Sue M Budzon, Jessica L. Heffernan, Janelle M. Souder, Tracy L. Miller, Andrea G. Maisonneuve, Roberta E. Redfern, Jessica Shoemaker, Jennifer Micham, Lynn Kenney, Gabriel Naimy, Sara Utley, Holly Balcer, Kerry P. J. Pulver, Jennifer Yehle, Alicia Weeks, Terra Inman, Brian L. Delmonaco, Anthony Franklin, Mitchell Heath, Antonia L. Vilella, Sara B. Kutner, Kacie Clark, Danielle Moore, Shina Menon, John K McGuire, Deana Rich, Harry L. Anderson, III, Dixy Rajkumar, Ali Abunayla, Jerrilyn Heiter, Howard A. Zaren, Stephanie J. Smith, Grant C. Lewis, Lauren Seames, Cheryl Farlow, Judy Miller, Gloria Broadstreet, John Lin, Cindy Terrill, Brock Montgomery, Sydney Reyes, Summer Reyes, Alex Plattner, Anthony Martinez, Micheal Allison, Aniket Mittal, Rafael Ruiz, Aleta Skaanland, Robert Ross, Umang Patel, Jordesha Hodge, KrunalKumar Patel, Shivani Dalal, Himanshu Kavani, Sam Joseph, Michael A. Bernstein, Ian K. Goff, Matthew Naftilan, Amal Mathew, Deborah Williams, Sue Murdock, Maryanne Ducey, Kerianne Nelson, Paul K Mohabir, Connor G O’Brien, Komal Dasani, William Marx, Ioana Amzuta, Asad J. Choudhry, Mohammad T. Azam, Kristina L Carter, Michael A Olmos, Brittany M Parker, Julio Quintanilla, Tara A Craig, Brendon J Clough, Jeffrey T Jameson, Neha Gupta, Tracy L Jones, Shonda C Ayers, Amy B Harrell, Dr.Brent R Brown, Utpal S. Bhalala, Joshua Kuehne, Melinda Garcia, Morgan Beebe, Heather Herrera, Chris Fiack, Stephanie Guo, May Vawer, Beth Blackburn, Megan Edwards, Caleb Darby, Kristy Page, Amanda Brown, Jessie McAbee, Katherine A. Belden, Michael Baram, Devin M. Weber, Rosalie DePaola, Yuwei Xia, Hudson Carter, Aaron Tolley, Mark Steele, Laurie Kemble, Joshua L. Denson, A. Scott Gillet, Margo Brown, Rachael Stevens, Andrew Wetherbie, Kevin Tea, Mathew Moore, Benjamin J Sines, Thomas J Bice, Emily A. Vail, Susannah Nicholson, Rachelle B. Jonas, AnnaRose E. Dement, William Tang, Mark DeRosa, Robert E. Villarreal, Rajany V. Dy, Alfredo Iardino, Jill Sharma, Richard Czieki, Julia Christopher, Ryan Lacey, Marwan Mashina, Kushal Patel, Erica C. Bjornstad, Nancy M. Tofil, Scott House, Isabella Aldana, Nikhil K. Meena, Jose D. Caceres, Nikhil K Meena, Sarenthia M. Epps, Harmeen Goraya, Kelsey R. Besett, Ryan James, Lana Y. Abusalem, Akash K. Patel, Lana S Hasan, Dina Gomaa, Michael Goodman, Devin Wakefield, Anthony Spuzzillo, John O. Shinn, II, Azra Bihorac, Tezcan Ozrazgat Baslanti, George Omalay, Haleh Hashemighouchani, Julie S. Cupka, Matthew M Ruppert, Patrick W. McGonagill, Colette Galet, Janice Hubbard, David Wang, Lauren Allan, Aditya Badheka, Madhuradhar Chegondi, Usman Nazir, Garrett Rampon, Jake Riggle, Nathan Dismang, Vicki Montgomery, Janice Sullivan, Sarah Morris, Jennifer Nason, Roger A. Alvarez, Amarilys Alarcon-Calderon, Marie Anne Sosa, Sunita K. Mahabir, Mausam J. Patel, Pauline Park, Andrew Admon, Sinan Hanna, Rishi Chanderraj, Maria Pliakas, Ann Wolski, Jennifer Cirino, Dima Dandachi, Hariharan Regunath, Maraya N. Camazine, Grant. E. Geiger, Abdoulie O. Njai, Baraa M. Saad, Faraaz Ali Shah, Byron Chuan, Sagar L. Rawal, Manal Piracha, Joseph E. Tonna, Nicholas M. Levin, Kayte Suslavich, Rachel Tsolinas, Zachary T. Fica, Chloe R. Skidmore, Renee D. Stapleton, Anne E. Dixon, Olivia Johnson, Sara S. Ardren, Stephanie Burns, Anna Raymond, Erika Gonyaw, Kevin Hodgdon, Chloe Housenger, Benjamin Lin, Karen McQuesten, Heidi Pecott-Grimm, Julie Sweet, Sebastian Ventrone, Nita Khandelwal, T. Eoin West, Ellen S. Caldwell, Lara Lovelace-Macon, Navya Garimella, Denisse B. Dow, Murtaza Akhter, Rania Abdul Rahman, Mary Mulrow, Erin M. Wilfong, Kelsi Vela, Ashish K. Khanna, Lynne Harris, Bruce Cusson, Jacob Fowler, David Vaneenenaam, Glen McKinney, Imoh Udoh, Kathleen Johnson, Patrick G. Lyons, Andrew P Michelson, Sara S. Haluf, Lauren M. Lynch, Nguyet M. Nguyen, Aaron Steinberg, Nicholas Braus, Vishwanath Pattan, Jessica Papke, Ismail Jimada, Nida Mhid, and Samuel Chakola

Subjects
Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9
Abstract

IMPORTANCE:. Even with its proclivity for older age, coronavirus disease 2019 has been shown to affect all age groups. However, there remains a lack of research focused primarily on the young adult population. OBJECTIVES:. To describe the epidemiology and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 and identify the risk factors associated with critical illness and mortality in hospitalized young adults. DESIGN, SETTINGS, AND PARTICIPANTS:. A retrospective cohort study of the Society of Critical Care Medicine’s Viral Infection and Respiratory Illness Universal Study registry. Patients 18–40 years old, hospitalized from coronavirus disease 2019 from March 2020 to April 2021, were included in the analysis. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES:. Critical illness was defined as a composite of mortality and 21 predefined interventions and complications. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess associations with critical illness and mortality. RESULTS:. Data from 4,005 patients (152 centers, 19 countries, 18.6% non-U.S. patients) were analyzed. The median age was 32 years (interquartile range, 27–37 yr); 51% were female, 29.4% Hispanic, and 42.9% had obesity. Most patients (63.2%) had comorbidities, the most common being hypertension (14.5%) and diabetes (13.7%). Hospital and ICU mortality were 3.2% (129/4,005) and 8.3% (109/1,313), respectively. Critical illness occurred in 25% (n = 996), and 34.3% (n = 1,376) were admitted to the ICU. Older age (p = 0.03), male sex (adjusted odds ratio, 1.83 [95% CI, 1.2–2.6]), and obesity (adjusted odds ratio, 1.6 [95% CI, 1.1–2.4]) were associated with hospital mortality. In addition to the above factors, the presence of any comorbidity was associated with critical illness from coronavirus disease 2019. Multiple sensitivity analyses, including analysis with U.S. patients only and patients admitted to high-volume sites, showed similar risk factors. CONCLUSIONS:. Among hospitalized young adults, obese males with comorbidities are at higher risk of developing critical illness or dying from coronavirus disease 2019.

Published
2021
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4. Cryptic transmission and re-emergence of Cosmopolitan genotype of Dengue Virus Serotype 2 within Ho Chi Minh City and Southern Vietnam

Author

Vi T. Tran, Rhys P. D. Inward, Bernardo Gutierrez, Nguyet M Nguyen, Isabelle Rajendiran, Phong Nguyen Thanh, Tam Cao Thi, Kien T.H. Duong, Moritz U. G. Kraemer, and Sophie Yacoub

Abstract

BackgroundDengue virus (DENV) is a major global public health threat and causes substantial morbidity and mortality in hyperendemic countries like Vietnam with its largest city, Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), recently experiencing its largest DENV outbreak in over a decade. Despite this, there is currently a lack of data on circulating DENV serotypes/genotypes and monitoring of transmission dynamics within HCMC, which presents a challenge for the design and implementation of effective DENV mitigation strategies.MethodsWe generated 45 DENV envelope (E) gene sequences from human plasma samples collected in southern Vietnam between 2017 and 2022. We applied phylogenetic methods to infer the probable route of virus introductions into HCMC and its surrounding areas, as well as their approximate timing, using additional sequences from Southern and South-east Asia.FindingsWe found evidence of the co-circulation of multiple DENV serotypes/genotypes and the re-emergence of the DENV-2 Cosmopolitan genotype in southern Vietnam. Furthermore, we detected at least three independent seeding events of the Cosmopolitan genotype into Vietnam, the earliest of which is estimated to have occurred two years before the earliest sampling date, providing evidence of at least two seasons of cryptic transmission.InterpretationOur findings emphasize the urgent need for comprehensive DENV surveillance in HCMC and Vietnam to guide appropriate and effective public health responses and improve understanding of recent outbreak dynamics in Vietnam and neighbouring countries. Such efforts may also help predict epidemic dynamics of DENV in future seasons.FundingThis work was supported by the Wellcome Trust [106680] and Wellcome Trust [226052/Z/22/Z]Evidence before this studyDengue virus (DENV) is a significant threat to global health causing high levels of morbidity and economic damage. With the limited surveillance infrastructure for DENV, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, little is currently known about the transmission dynamics in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) and Vietnam presenting a challenge for the design and implementation of DENV mitigation strategies.Added value of this studyGenomic epidemiology is a powerful approach to gain insights into the spatio-temporal dynamics of viruses and to detect new viral variants. Our analyses shows the existence of multiple co-circulating DENV-2 genotypes in southern Vietnam with multiple distinct and continued introductions of the Cosmopolitan genotype into HCMC over multiple years.Implications of all the available evidenceFindings from this study will assist local and regional dengue surveillance and control programs as well as adding to our understanding on DENV genomic epidemiology and transmission dynamics. Critically, current dengue screening and surveillance methodology should be modified to enable detection of these novel lineages. The emergence of these genotypes and their impact on dengue evolution need to be explored on a larger scale. These results will also allow vital missing genomic data to be incorporated into models used for importation dynamics analysis. We plan to integrate these findings into a DENV forecasting tool being developed as part of Wellcome funded multidisciplinary project - DART (Dengue Advanced Readiness Tools), which aims to build an integrated digital system for dengue outbreak prediction and monitoring.

Published
2023
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6. Imaging lung microstructure in mice with hyperpolarized 3 He diffusion MRI

Author

Dmitriy A. Yablonskiy, Jason C. Woods, Nguyet M. Nguyen, Alexander L. Sukstanskii, Wei Wang, Jeffrey J. Atkinson, Mark S. Conradi, and Emir Osmanagic

Subjects
Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Lung, business.industry, Pulmonary disease, respiratory system, respiratory tract diseases, Biomarker (cell), Imaging lung, medicine.anatomical_structure, In vivo, Lung disease, Medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, business, Ex vivo, Diffusion MRI
Abstract

Quantitative measurement of lung microstructure is of great significance in assessment of pulmonary disease, particularly in the earliest stages. The technique for MRI-based 3He lung morphometry was previously developed and validated for human lungs, and was recently extended to ex vivo mouse lungs. The technique yields accurate, quantitative information about the microstructure and geometry of acinar airways. In this study, the 3He lung morphometry technique is successfully implemented for in vivo studies of mice. Results indicate excellent agreement between in vivo morphometry via 3He MRI and microscopic morphometry after sacrifice. This opens up new avenues for application of the technique as a precise, noninvasive, in vivo biomarker of changes in lung microstructure, within various mouse models of lung disease.

Published
2010
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7. Laminin isoforms and lung development: All isoforms are not equal

Author

Robert M. Senior and Nguyet M. Nguyen

Subjects
Gene isoform, Models, Molecular, Basement membrane, Smooth muscle cell differentiation, Lung epithelial cell differentiation, Ligands, Laminin 111, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Laminin, medicine, Animals, Humans, Protein Isoforms, Lung, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, Epithelial cell differentiation, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, biology, Epithelial Cells, Cell Biology, respiratory system, Molecular biology, respiratory tract diseases, Protein Subunits, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, biology.protein, Lung development, Glycoprotein, Developmental Biology
Abstract

Laminins are a major component of basement membranes. Each laminin molecule is a heterotrimeric glycoprotein composed of one alpha, one beta, and one gamma chain. Fifteen laminin isoforms exist, assembled from various combinations of 5alpha, 3beta, and 3gamma chains. The embryonic lung has abundant laminin isoforms. Increasing evidence suggests that different laminin isoforms have unique functions in lung development. Studies of embryonic lung explants and organotypic co-cultures show that laminin alpha1 and laminin 111 are important for epithelial branching morphogenesis and that laminin alpha2 and laminin 211 have a role in smooth muscle cell differentiation. In vivo studies of laminin alpha5-deficient mice indicate that this laminin chain, found in laminins 511 and 521, is essential for normal lobar septation in early lung development and normal alveolization and distal epithelial cell differentiation and maturation in late lung development. However, not all of the laminin chains present in the developing lung appear to be necessary for normal lung development since laminin alpha4 null mice do not have obvious lung abnormalities and laminin gamma2 null mice have only minimal changes in lung development. The mechanisms responsible for the lung phenotypes in mice with laminin mutations are unknown, but it is clear that multiple laminin isoforms are crucial for lung development and that different laminin isoforms exhibit specific, non-overlapping functions.

Published
2006
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8. Prenatal Nicotine Exposure and Abnormal Lung Function

Author

Richard A. Pierce and Nguyet M. Nguyen

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Nicotine, Clinical Biochemistry, Physiology, Receptors, Nicotinic, Pulmonary function testing, Pregnancy, Parenchyma, medicine, Humans, Respiratory system, Lung, Molecular Biology, business.industry, Smoking, Cell Biology, respiratory system, medicine.disease, Extracellular Matrix, Pulmonary Alveoli, Low birth weight, medicine.anatomical_structure, Maternal Exposure, In utero, Female, Collagen, medicine.symptom, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Nicotine and the Neonatal Lung It has long been recognized that maternal smoking during pregnancy increases the incidence of premature delivery, spontaneous abortions, low birth weight, and neonatal morbidity and mortality (1–3). There is also increased occurrence of lower respiratory illnesses with associated altered pulmonary mechanics on pulmonary function testing of children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy, suggesting that prenatal smoking affects lung development in utero (4–8). Nicotine, which crosses the placental barrier, may be the primary mediator of many of these effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy. In experimental models, maternal nicotine exposure alone elicits many of the same effects on neonates as maternal direct or sidestream tobacco smoke exposure. In animal models, maternal nicotine exposure causes a variety of effects on neonatal lung, summarized in Table 1. These effects include structural changes such as decreased elastin staining of lung parenchyma, increased mean linear intercept, decreased radial alveolar counts, and increased alveolar volume, indicative of emphysema-like changes in the neonatal lung (12–15). In this issue, Sekhon and colleagues present the third of a series of studies focusing on the effects of maternal nicotine exposure on lung structural development in a primate model. Their finding that maternal nicotine exposure alters fibrillar collagen expression in developing primate lungs helps explain how maternal nicotine exposure could lead to impaired pulmonary function in neonates. Such recent advances follow the discovery that receptors for nicotine are found on many different cell types in the lung and other tissues (10, 16).

Published
2002
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9. Variable Transmittance Coatings Using Electrochromic Lithium Chromate and Amorphous WO 3 Thin Films

Author

R. David Rauh, Stuart F. Cogan, James D. Klein, Nguyet M. Nguyen, Timothy D. Plante, and Rochelle B. Jones

Subjects
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Condensed Matter Physics, Evaporation (deposition), Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Amorphous solid, Optics, chemistry, Sputtering, Electrochromism, Materials Chemistry, Electrochemistry, Transmittance, Lithium, Thin film, business, Luminous efficacy
Abstract

Thin film, electrochromic coatings with an electrically tunable transmittance may be useful for modulating solar heat load and daylight entering a building or automobile through a window aperture. A thin film, Li{sup +} counterion, variable transmittance electrochromic device is described with the structure: glass{vert_bar}ITO{vert_bar}Li{sub z}Li{sub y}CrO{sub 2+x}{vert_bar}Li{sub 2}O-B{sub 2}O{sub 3}{vert_bar}WO{sub 3}{vert_bar}ITO. The structure is prepared by sequential deposition of the layers using a combination of sputtering and evaporation processes. The Li{sub z}Li{sub y}CrO{sub 2+x} counterelectrode has a Li capacity of {approximately}0.5 mC/cm{sup 2}nm and exhibits weak anodic coloration with a luminous efficiency of 3 to 4 cm{sup 2}/C. Variable transmittance devices, with an area of 20 cm{sup 2}, have been fabricated using 40 to 80 nm thick Li{sub z}Li{sub y}CrO{sub 2+x} films and cathodically coloring a-Li{sub x}WO{sub 3}. The luminous transmittance range and switching speed of as-fabricated devices are typically 10 to 70% and 30 s, respectively. Multicycle switching reveals a decrease in switching speed over the first 5,000 cycles while the luminous transmittance range is unchanged.

Published
1997
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10. [Untitled]

Author

Nguyet M. Nguyen, Lise Gauvin, and Louise Potvin

Subjects
Gerontology, Disease status, Survey methodology, Health (social science), Geography, Health promotion, Inner city, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Stage of change, Physical activity, Prevalence, Baseline survey, Demography
Abstract

This study documented the differing prevalence rates for stages of change for physical activity across rural, suburban and inner city communities using survey methods and controlling for education, gender and disease status. Respondents (n=4768) were participants in the baseline survey for the evaluation of the Quebec Heart Health Demonstration Project, a health promotion program implemented in various communities throughout the province of Quebec. A total of 2639 female and 2087 male parents answered a questionnaire they received from their grade 4 to grade 6 children. The questionnaire dealt with demographic information, health-related behaviors, and intentions for these behaviors. The response rates were 90%, 77% and 70% in the rural, sub-urban and inner city communities respectively. Results showed that prevalence rates differed significantly between communities with rural communities having the highest rates of readiness for physical activity in comparison to suburban and inner city communities. These findings suggest that above and beyond individual difference variables, structural components such as type of community are related to people's readiness for physical activity involvement.

Published
1997
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11. Longitudinal, noninvasive monitoring of compensatory lung growth in mice after pneumonectomy via (3)He and (1)H magnetic resonance imaging

Author

Jason C. Woods, Wei Wang, Nguyet M. Nguyen, and Jinbang Guo

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, medicine.medical_treatment, Clinical Biochemistry, Compensatory growth (organ), Neovascularization, Physiologic, Pulmonary compliance, Biology, Helium, Pneumonectomy, Mice, In vivo, medicine, Animals, Regeneration, Lung volumes, Molecular Biology, Lung, Lung Compliance, medicine.diagnostic_test, Pulmonary Gas Exchange, Magnetic resonance imaging, Cell Biology, Recovery of Function, respiratory system, respiratory tract diseases, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Pulmonary Alveoli, Major Technical Advances, medicine.anatomical_structure, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Models, Animal, Lung Volume Measurements, Diffusion MRI, Hydrogen
Abstract

In rodents and some other mammals, partial pneumonectomy (PNX) of adult lungs results in rapid compensatory lung growth. In the past, quantification of compensatory lung growth and realveolarization could only be accomplished after killing the animal, removal of lungs, and histologic analysis of lungs at single time points. Hyperpolarized (3)He diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows in vivo morphometry of human lungs; our group has adapted this technique for application to mouse lungs. Through imaging, we can obtain maps of lung microstructural parameters that allow quantification of morphometric and physiologic measurements. In this study, we employed our (3)He MRI technique to image in vivo morphometry at baseline and to serially assess compensatory growth after left PNX of mice. (1)H and hyperpolarized (3)He diffusion MRI were performed at baseline (pre-PNX), 3-days, and 30-days after PNX. Compared with the individual mouse's own baseline, MRI was able to detect and serially quantify changes in lung volume, alveolar surface area, alveolar number, and regional changes in alveolar size that occurred during the course of post-PNX lung growth. These results are consistent with morphometry measurements reported in the literature for mouse post-PNX compensatory lung growth. In addition, we were also able to serially assess and quantify changes in the physiologic parameter of lung compliance during the course of compensatory lung growth; this was consistent with flexiVent data. With these techniques, we now have a noninvasive, in vivo method to serially assess the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions on post-PNX lung growth in the same mouse.

Published
2013

12. Monitoring in vivo changes in lung microstructure with 3He MRI in Sendai virus-infected mice

Author

Eugene Agapov, Nguyet M. Nguyen, Jason C. Woods, Michael J. Holtzman, and Wei Wang

Subjects
Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Physiology, Pulmonary disease, Helium, Respirovirus Infections, Sendai virus, Sensitivity and Specificity, Mice, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, Isotopes, In vivo, Predictive Value of Tests, Physiology (medical), medicine, Animals, Lung, Innate immune system, biology, Airway inflammation, Lung volume measurement, Articles, respiratory system, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Obstructive lung disease, respiratory tract diseases, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Pulmonary Alveoli, Disease Models, Animal, medicine.anatomical_structure, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Immunology, Lung Volume Measurements
Abstract

Recently, a Sendai virus (SeV) model of chronic obstructive lung disease has demonstrated an innate immune response in mouse airways that exhibits similarities to the chronic airway inflammation in human chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma, but the effect on distal lung parenchyma has not been investigated. The aim of our study is to image the time course and regional distribution of mouse lung microstructural changes in vivo after SeV infection. 1H and 3He diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were successfully performed on five groups of C57BL/6J mice. 1H MR images provided precise anatomical localization and lung volume measurements. 3He lung morphometry was implemented to image and quantify mouse lung geometric microstructural parameters at different time points after SeV infection. 1H MR images detected the SeV-induced pulmonary inflammation in vivo; spatially resolved maps of acinar airway radius R, alveolar depth h, and mean linear intercept Lm were generated from 3He diffusion images. The morphometric parameters R and Lm in the infected group were indistinguishable from PBS-treated mice at day 21, increased slightly at day 49, and were increased with statistical significance at day 77 ( p = 0.02). Increases in R and Lm of infected mice imply that there is a modest increase in alveolar duct radius distal to airway inflammation, particularly in the lung periphery, indicating airspace enlargement after virus infection. Our results indicate that 3He lung morphometry has good sensitivity in quantifying small microstructural changes in the mouse lung and that the Sendai mouse model has the potential to be a valid murine model of COPD.

Published
2012

15. Serial, Non-Invasive, In-Vivo Quantification Of Post-Pneumonectomy Compensatory Lung Growth With Hyperpolarized 3He Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Author

Rodney Kowalewski, Dmitriy A. Yablonskiy, Wei Wang, Jason C. Woods, Nguyet M. Nguyen, and R.A. Pierce

Subjects
Pneumonectomy, Lung, medicine.anatomical_structure, Nuclear magnetic resonance, medicine.diagnostic_test, In vivo, Chemistry, medicine.medical_treatment, Non invasive, medicine, Magnetic resonance imaging, Diffusion (business)
Published
2011
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16. Electrochromism in Nb‐V and Cr‐V Mixed‐Oxides

Author

John D. Westwood, Stuart F. Cogan, Nguyet M. Nguyen, R. David Rauh, and Timothy D. Plante

Subjects
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Inorganic chemistry, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Condensed Matter Physics, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Anode, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Insertion reaction, Electrochromism, Sputtering, Electrode, Materials Chemistry, Electrochemistry, Lithium, Cyclic voltammetry, Thin film
Abstract

The electrochromic behavior of reactively sputtered mixed-oxide films of Nb-V and Cr-V has been characterized for the Li insertion reaction. Spectral coloration efficiency measurements from 300 to 1650 nm show that Nb-V oxides exhibit anodic coloration in the near-UV and weak cathodic coloration from 400 to 600 nm. Cr-V oxides show weak anodic coloration in the 300 to 700 nm spectral region. Both Nb-V and Cr-V mixed oxides are electrochromically inactive in the near-infrared

Published
1993
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17. Photoelectrochemical fabrication of sawtooth gratings in n-GaAs

Author

R. David Rauh, Michael M. Carrabba, and Nguyet M. Nguyen

Subjects
Materials science, Fabrication, business.industry, Materials Science (miscellaneous), Photoelectrochemistry, Sawtooth wave, Grating, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Light intensity, Optics, Etching (microfabrication), Business and International Management, Electric current, business, Diffraction grating
Abstract

A photoelectrochemical approach is employed to fabricate exceptionally smooth low-pitch grating structures consisting of polished single crystals of (100) oriented n-GaAs in a sawtooth profile. The depth of the edged features is controlled by monitoring the total coulombs passed, and the rate of etching is precisely controlled by the light intensity, minimizing diffusional gradients in the liquid which may impair the uniformity. Symmetrical grooves spaced 10 microns apart will have a depth of 7.14 microns, and typically, 10-20 percent less total charge is required.

Published
2010

18. Laminin ±5 Expression Regulates Lung Epithelial Cell Expression Of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)

Author

Irina Krits, Rodney Kowalewski, and Nguyet M. Nguyen

Subjects
Lung, biology, VEGF receptors, Epithelium, Vascular endothelial growth factor, Vascular endothelial growth factor B, chemistry.chemical_compound, Vascular endothelial growth factor A, medicine.anatomical_structure, Vascular endothelial growth factor C, chemistry, Laminin, medicine, biology.protein, Cancer research
Published
2010
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22. Lung development in laminin gamma2 deficiency: abnormal tracheal hemidesmosomes with normal branching morphogenesis and epithelial differentiation

Author

Leena Pulkkinen, Robert M. Senior, Nguyet M. Nguyen, Guerrino Meneguzzi, Jouni Uitto, Jessica A. Schlueter, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Kuopio, Biologie et physiopathologie cutanées : expression génique, signalisation et thérapie, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-IFR50-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University-Jefferson Medical College, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, This work was supported by HL75039 (NMN) and HL29594 (RMS) from NIH/ NHLBI, by the Alan A. and Edith L. Wolff Charitable Trust (RMS), by PO1 AR38923 (JU) and R03 AR47111 (LP) from NIH/NIAMS and Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa Association (LP), and by Debra UK the Epidermolyse Bulleuse d'Entraide and GAT 0201 from the Assoication Francaise contre les Myopathies and Telethon Italia Onlus (GM)., Autard, Delphine, and Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS)

Subjects
Pathology, Cellular differentiation, MESH: Mice, Knockout, [SDV.MHEP.PSR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, Basement Membrane, MESH: Animals, Newborn, Mice, Laminin, MESH: Animals, MESH: Endothelial Cells, MESH: Basement Membrane, Lung, [SDV.BDD]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, Cellular Senescence, Mice, Knockout, 0303 health sciences, Hemidesmosome, 030302 biochemistry & molecular biology, MESH: Laminin, Cell Differentiation, MESH: Myocytes, Smooth Muscle, respiratory system, 3. Good health, medicine.anatomical_structure, MESH: Cell Aging, MESH: Epithelial Cells, Failure to thrive, Lung morphogenesis, medicine.symptom, Cell aging, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, MESH: Cell Differentiation, medicine.medical_specialty, Myocytes, Smooth Muscle, MESH: Microscopy, Electron, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.BDD] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, medicine, [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Animals, MESH: Lung, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, MESH: Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, MESH: Mice, 030304 developmental biology, lcsh:RC705-779, Basement membrane, Research, Endothelial Cells, Epithelial Cells, lcsh:Diseases of the respiratory system, Hemidesmosomes, respiratory tract diseases, Microscopy, Electron, Animals, Newborn, MESH: Hemidesmosomes, biology.protein, [SDV.MHEP.PSR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract
Abstract

Background Laminin γ2 (Lamc2), one of the polypeptides in laminin-332 (laminin-5), is prominent in the basement membrane of alveolar walls and airways of developing and adult lung. Laminins are important for lung morphogenesis and based on its localization, a function for laminin γ2 in lung development has been hypothesized. Targeted deletion of the laminin γ2 gene in mice results in skin blistering and neonatal death at 3–5 days after birth due to failure to thrive. Methods Examination of lung development in Lamc2-/- mice through 1–2 days postnatal was accomplished by morphometric analysis, lung bud culture, electron microscopy, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining. Results Compared to littermate controls, Lamc2-/- lungs were similar in morphology during embryonic life. At post-natal day 1–2, distal saccules were mildly dilated by chord length measurements. Epithelial differentiation as evaluated by immunohistochemical staining for markers of ciliated cells, Clara cells, alveolar type I cells and alveolar type II cells did not reveal a difference between Lamc2-/- and littermate control lungs. Likewise, vascular development, smooth muscle cell differentiation, and elastic fiber formation looked similar, as did airway basement membrane ultrastructure. Branching morphogenesis by lung bud culture was similar in Lamc2-/- and littermate control lungs. Since laminin-332 is important for hemidesmosome formation, we examined the structure of tracheal hemidesmosomes by transmission electron microscopy. Compared to littermate controls, Lamc2-/- tracheal hemidesmosomes were less organized and lacked the increased electron density associated with the basement membrane abutting the hemidesmosome. Conclusion These findings indicate that laminin γ2 and laminin-332, despite their prominence in the lung, have a minimal role in lung development through the saccular stage.

Published
2006
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23. Epithelial laminin alpha5 is necessary for distal epithelial cell maturation, VEGF production, and alveolization in the developing murine lung

Author

Nguyet M. Nguyen, Robert M. Senior, Michelle J. Meyer, Diane G. Kelley, Jeffrey H. Miner, and Jessica A. Schlueter

Subjects
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, Blotting, Western, Apoptosis, Biology, Basement Membrane, Mice, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, Laminin, medicine, Animals, Epithelial cell maturation, Molecular Biology, Epithelial cell differentiation, DNA Primers, Basement membrane, Lung, Cell growth, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Surfactant protein C, Cell Differentiation, Epithelial Cells, Alveolar epithelial cell, Cell Biology, respiratory system, VEGF, Immunohistochemistry, Mice, Mutant Strains, Cell biology, Pulmonary Alveoli, medicine.anatomical_structure, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Differentiation, Doxycycline, Immunology, biology.protein, Lung development, Signal transduction, Developmental Biology, Signal Transduction
Abstract

Laminin alpha5 is prominent in the basement membrane of alveolar walls, airways, and pleura in developing and adult lung. Targeted deletion of laminin alpha5 in mice causes developmental defects in multiple organs, but embryonic lethality has precluded examination of the latter stages of lung development. To identify roles for laminin alpha5 in lung development, we have generated an inducible lung epithelial cell-specific Lama5 null (SP-CLama5(fl/-)) mouse through use of the Cre/loxP system, the human surfactant protein C promoter, and the reverse tetracycline transactivator. SP-CLama5(fl/-) embryos exposed to doxycycline from E6.5 died a few hours after birth. Compared to control littermates, SP-CLama5(fl/-) lungs had dilated, enlarged distal airspaces, but basement membrane ultrastructure was preserved. Distal epithelial cell differentiation was perturbed, with a marked reduction of alveolar type II cells and a virtual absence of type I cells. Cell proliferation was reduced and apoptosis was increased. Capillary density was diminished, and this was associated with a decrease in total lung VEGF production. Overall, these findings indicate that epithelial laminin alpha5, independent of its structural function, is necessary for murine lung development, and suggest a role for laminin alpha5 in signaling pathways that promote alveolar epithelial cell differentiation and VEGF expression.

Published
2005

24. Laminin alpha-chain expression and basement membrane formation by MLE-15 respiratory epithelial cells

Author

Katsumi Mochitate, Yushi Bai, Robert M. Senior, and Nguyet M. Nguyen

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Lung Neoplasms, Physiology, Gene Expression, Perlecan, Respiratory Mucosa, Basement Membrane, Extracellular matrix, Type IV collagen, Mice, Laminin, Transforming Growth Factor beta, Physiology (medical), medicine, Animals, RNA, Messenger, Cell Line, Transformed, Basement membrane, Sarcolemma, biology, Cell Biology, Transforming growth factor beta, respiratory system, Fibroblasts, Epithelium, Cell biology, Extracellular Matrix, Pulmonary Alveoli, medicine.anatomical_structure, biology.protein
Abstract

Basement membranes have a critical role in alveolar structure and function. Alveolar type II cells make basement membrane constituents, including laminin, but relatively little is known about the production of basement membrane proteins by murine alveolar type II cells and a convenient system is not available to study basement membrane production by murine alveolar type II cells. To facilitate study of basement membrane production, with particular focus on laminin chains, we examined transformed murine distal respiratory epithelial cells (MLE-15), which have many structural and biochemical features of alveolar type II cells. We found that MLE-15 cells produce laminin-alpha5, a trace amount of laminin-alpha3, laminins-beta1 and -gamma1, type IV collagen, and perlecan. Transforming growth factor-beta1 significantly induces expression of laminin-alpha1. When grown on a fibroblast-embedded collagen gel, MLE-15 cells assemble a basement membrane-like layer containing laminin-alpha5. These findings indicate that MLE-15 cells will be useful in modeling basement membrane production and assembly by alveolar type II cells.

Published
2002

25. Reduced corrosion of pulsed 316LVM stainless steel electrodes by short time constant discharge circuits

Author

Paul Zaszczurynski, Nguyet M. Nguyen, Stuart F. Cogan, James S. Walter, and Lisa W. Riedy

Subjects
Capacitor, Materials science, Electromagnetic coil, law, Metallurgy, Electrode, Time constant, Electric potential, Composite material, Electrochemistry, Corrosion, Electronic circuit, law.invention
Abstract

The electrochemical charge injection characteristics and corrosion response of single strand 316 LVM stainless steel electrodes were evaluated in vitro using capacitor and coil coupled monophasic charge injection protocols with varying discharge time constants. Positive-first charge injection was used at 44 µC/cm2, stimulating wave forms with short time constants exhibited a less positive potential transients and less corrosion. Multistranded 316LVM electrodes were evaluated with positive and negative-first charge injection with short time constant discharges for more than 300 hours. For both protocols, the potential transients remained fairly constant over the test period and no corrosion was apparent from optical and electron microscopy.

Published
1992
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27. Effects of Doping and Orientation on Photoelectrochemically Etched Features in n ‐ GaAs

Author

R. D. Rauh, Nguyet M. Nguyen, and M. M. Carrabba

Subjects
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Chemistry, business.industry, Scanning electron microscope, Doping, Mineralogy, Condensed Matter Physics, Microstructure, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Etching (microfabrication), Materials Chemistry, Electrochemistry, Optoelectronics, Wafer, Diffusion (business), business, Single crystal, Visible spectrum
Abstract

Photoelectrochemical etching of high aspect ratio mask-defined grooves in (100)n-GaAs is shown to be dependent on both crystallographic orientation and doping level. Structures etched along the (011) direction produced V grooves, showing that the (111)Ga surface is a stop plane with respect to oxidation by photogenerated holes. Other orientations etch more isotropically. In all cases, undercutting of the mask is associated with lateral diffusion of holes due to slow kinetics of consumption by the interfacial reaction. This effect is minimized in highly doped crystals, where high quality vertical walled gratings can be produced using visible light with aspect ratios of >10:1.

Published
1987
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28. Optical properties of electrochromic vanadium pentoxide

Author

Stuart F. Cogan, Nguyet M. Nguyen, R. David Rauh, and Stephen J. Perrotti

Subjects
Absorbance, Absorption edge, Electrochromism, Chemistry, Inorganic chemistry, Analytical chemistry, General Physics and Astronomy, Infrared spectroscopy, chemistry.chemical_element, Pentoxide, Vanadium, Lithium, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)
Abstract

Electrochemical and spectroscopic measurements were used to characterize the electrochromic behavior of sputtered V2O5 films. In response to lithium intercalation, the fundamental optical absorption edge of V2O5 shifts to high energies by 0.20–0.31 eV as the lithium concentration increases from Li0.0V2O5 to Li0.86V2O5. There is a corresponding increase in the near‐infrared absorption that exhibits Beer’s law behavior at low lithium concentrations. The shift in absorption edge results in a large decrease in absorbance in the 350–450 nm wavelength range. This effect is most prevalent in thin films which exhibit a yellow to colorless optical modulation on lithium intercalation. The cathodic coloration in the near infrared is relatively weak with a maximum coloration efficiency of 35 cm2/C.

Published
1989
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29. Laminin α5 Is Required for Lobar Septation and Visceral Pleural Basement Membrane Formation in the Developing Mouse Lung

Author

Nguyet M. Nguyen, Robert M. Senior, Jeffrey H. Miner, and Richard A. Pierce

Subjects
Biology, Exencephaly, Mice, Vasculogenesis, laminin, Laminin, medicine, Animals, Lung, Molecular Biology, In Situ Hybridization, DNA Primers, lung development, Mice, Knockout, Basement membrane, Base Sequence, Embryogenesis, Anatomy, Cell Biology, visceral pleura, respiratory system, medicine.disease, Immunohistochemistry, basement membrane, Laminin, alpha 4, Cell biology, respiratory tract diseases, Microscopy, Electron, lobar septation, medicine.anatomical_structure, biology.protein, Pleura, Alpha chain, Developmental Biology
Abstract

Laminin alpha/beta/gamma heterotrimers are the major noncollagenous components of all basement membranes. To date, five alpha, three beta, and three gamma chains have been identified. Laminin alpha 5 is expressed early in lung development and colocalizes with laminin alpha1. While laminin alpha1 expression in the lung is restricted to the embryonic period, laminin alpha 5 expression persists throughout embryogenesis and adulthood. Targeted mutation of the mouse laminin alpha 5 gene Lama5 causes embryonic lethality at E14-E17 associated with exencephaly, syndactyly, placentopathy, and kidney defects, all attributable to abnormal basement membranes. In this investigation, lung development in Lama5(-/-) mice up to E16.5 was examined. We observed normal lung branching morphogenesis and vasculogenesis, but incomplete lobar septation and absence of the visceral pleura basement membrane. Preservation of branching morphogenesis was associated with ectopic deposition of laminin alpha 4 in the airway basement membrane. Perturbation of pleural basement membrane formation and right lung septation correlated with absence of laminin alpha 5, which was found to be the only laminin alpha chain present in the normal visceral pleura basement membrane. Our finding of normal lung branching morphogenesis with abnormal lobar septation demonstrates that these processes are not obligatorily linked.

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30. Electrochromism In Sputtered Vanadium Pentoxide

Author

R. David Rauh, Stuart F. Cogan, Nguyet M. Nguyen, and Stephen J. Perrotti

Subjects
Materials science, chemistry, Absorption spectroscopy, Electrochromism, Transmittance, chemistry.chemical_element, Vanadium, Pentoxide, Lithium, Thin film, Photochemistry, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)
Abstract

Optical characterization from 300-1600 nm shows that lithium intercalated V205 exhibits cathodic coloration in the near-infrared and anodic coloration on the blue and near-UV (

Published
1989
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31. Crystallographic Effects on the Photoelectrochemical Etching of Gratings in Compound Semiconductors

Author

R. David Rauh, Michael M. Carrabba, and Nguyet M. Nguyen

Subjects
Surface diffusion, Crystallography, Materials science, Doping, Photoelectrochemical etching, Compound semiconductor, Grating, Groove (music)
Abstract

Grooves have been etched photoelectrochemically into a (100) n-GaAs surface using a 100 cycle/mm grating mask to define the illuminated area. The degree of mask undercutting and the shape of the groove bottom are shown to be functions of doping density and crystallographic orientation. High doping density gives rise to reduced undercutting, presumably due to a lesser extent of surface diffusion of photogenerated holes.

Published
1986
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32. Orientational Dependence of Photoelectrochemical Etching in n ‐ GaAs

Author

Nguyet M. Nguyen, M. M. Carrabba, and R. D. Rauh

Subjects
Laser diode, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, Scanning electron microscope, Chemistry, Photoelectrochemistry, Inorganic chemistry, Photoresist, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, Crystal, Semiconductor, law, Etching (microfabrication), Materials Chemistry, Electrochemistry, Optoelectronics, business
Abstract

There has been considerable recent interest in photoelectrochemical etching for fabricating microstructures in semiconductors, particularly III-V materials. Yet, little attention has been paid to the orientational dependence of photoelectrochemical etching processes. In this paper, the authors demonstrate that photoelectrochemical etching of n-GaAs in mild electrolytes is dependent on crystalline orientation in a similar way that has been observed previously for chemical etchants such as bromine-methanol and the H/sub 2/SO/sub 4/-H/sub 2/O/sub 2/-H/sub 2/O system. The mild aqueous electrolytes permit etching with a much wider variety of photoresists than would be possible with chemical etchants. All experiments were performed on polished )100) n-GaAs surfaces (Si doped, N/sub d/ = 1.4 x 10/sup 17/) obtained from MA/COM Laser Diode Inc. Stripe patterns were defined in Shipley 1350J positive photoresist spun onto the crystal surface at a thickness of approximately 1 ..mu..m, and baked according to the manufacturer's instructions. Patterns were custom drawn using a computer controlled laser scanner, employing a HeCd laser operating at 442 nm. Typically, lines were 10-15 ..mu..m wide. Lines were produced in the (011), (011), and (010) directions.

Published
1987
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