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Pricing and valuation may be confusingly interchangeable in various industries from manufacturing to commerce etc.. However, they are in fact different. Pricing can be simply understood as a process whereby the price is set by a seller or by an agreement between a seller and a buyer. On contrary, valuation analysis is normally conducted by experts. So, trademark valuation is a process whereby a trademark value is determined by means of diligent research, unbiased judgment, and some pretty simple arithmetic. In this study, we point out the drawbacks and obstacles in pricing in trademark transfer in our country in comparison with other countries/regions and then we will suggest some measures to improve the regime for pricing in trademark transfer in Vietnam. Authors also present Some Basic Concepts Related to Pricing And Valuation Of Trademark and valuation methods. Authors also use a construction case of LICOGI (general company in construction and infrastructure in Vietnam) as reference for pricing issues. Last but not least, in this study we could resolve some controversial issues in trademark pricing and transfer in various companies from production, manufacturing to construction, real estate and commerce sectors in developing countries such as Vietnam, at least from definitions, concepts and legal framework.Keywords: Intellectual Property Assets; Trademark Pricing Services; Law; Valuation Method; Vietnam Penilaian Merek Dagang Menurut Undang-Undang dan Peraturan di Vietnam Abstrak Penetapan harga dan penilaian mungkin membingungkan dan dapat dipertukarkan di berbagai industri mulai dari manufaktur hingga perdagangan, dll. Namun, sebenarnya keduanya berbeda. Penetapan harga secara sederhana dapat dipahami sebagai proses di mana harga ditetapkan oleh penjual atau dengan kesepakatan antara penjual dan pembeli. Sebaliknya, analisis penilaian biasanya dilakukan oleh para ahli. Jadi, penilaian merek dagang adalah proses di mana nilai merek dagang ditentukan melalui penelitian yang rajin, penilaian yang tidak bias, dan beberapa aritmatika yang cukup sederhana. Dalam studi ini, kami menunjukkan kelemahan dan hambatan dalam penetapan harga dalam transfer merek dagang di negara kami dibandingkan dengan negara/kawasan lain dan kemudian kami akan menyarankan beberapa langkah untuk meningkatkan rezim penetapan harga dalam transfer merek dagang di Vietnam. Penulis juga menyajikan Beberapa Konsep Dasar Terkait Penetapan Harga Dan Penilaian Merek Dagang dan metode penilaian. Penulis juga menggunakan kasus konstruksi LICOGI (perusahaan umum dalam konstruksi dan infrastruktur di Vietnam) sebagai referensi untuk masalah harga. Last but not least, dalam penelitian ini kita dapat menyelesaikan beberapa masalah kontroversial dalam penetapan harga dan transfer merek dagang di berbagai perusahaan mulai dari produksi, manufaktur hingga konstruksi, real estat dan sektor perdagangan di negara-negara berkembang seperti Vietnam, setidaknya dari definisi, konsep dan kerangka hukum. .Kata kunci: Aset Kekayaan Intelektual; Layanan Penetapan Harga Merek Dagang; Hukum; Metode Penilaian; VietnamОценка товарного знака в соответствии с законами и правилами Вьетнама АннотацияЦенообразование и оценка могут быть ошибочно взаимозаменяемы в различных отраслях, от производства до торговли, и т. д. Однако на самом деле это разные понятия. Ценообразование может быть просто понято как процесс, посредством которого цена устанавливается продавцом или соглашением между продавцом и покупателем. Напротив, оценочный анализ обычно проводится экспертами. Таким образом, оценка товарного знака — это процесс, в ходе которого стоимость товарного знака определяется посредством тщательного исследования, беспристрастного суждения и некоторых довольно простых арифметических действий. В этом исследовании мы указываем на недостатки и препятствия в ценообразовании при передаче товарных знаков в нашей стране по сравнению с другими странами/регионами, а затем предлагаем некоторые меры по улучшению режима ценообразования при передаче товарных знаков во Вьетнаме. Авторы также представляют некоторые основные концепции, связанные с ценообразованием и оценкой товарных знаков, и методы оценки. Авторы также используют случай строительства LICOGI (генеральная компания в области строительства и инфраструктуры во Вьетнаме) в качестве справочного материала по вопросам ценообразования. И последнее, но не менее важное: в этом исследовании мы смогли решить некоторые спорные вопросы, связанные с ценообразованием и передачей товарных знаков в различных компаниях из производственного сектора, изготовления в сектор строительства, недвижимости и торговли в развивающихся странах, таких как Вьетнам, по крайней мере, в отношении определений, концепций и правовой базы.Ключевые слова: Активы интеллектуальной собственности; Услуги по ценообразованию товарных знаков; Закон; Метод оценки; Вьетнам

In the investor-state dispute settlement context, there seems to be common for states to invoke corruption allegations as a defence against investors’ claims in front of arbitral tribunals. And if a tribunal determines that the corruption occurred during investment making, it will certainly dismiss all claims based on jurisdictional or inadmissibility grounds.However, corruption involves both sides. Therefore, this study examines the possibility of addressing the state’s role regarding corrupt acts in investor-state arbitration cases. In this paper, the author reviews five arbitration cases involving the tribunals’ findings directly relevant to the state’s acts in connection with corruption allegations. The results show that there is indeed an emerging principle for corruption control in investor-state dispute cases, which punishes both the investors and states for illicit acts. Even though this practice is not uniform in its application and scope, there is growing awareness that states could be held responsible for investments obtained through corruption under certain circumstances. The measures against states and their future implications are discussed.

In Vietnam, there have been many obstacles and difficulties in pricing for trademark transfer. Firstly, there have been the legal drawbacks including the incompatibility, conflicts among the legal instruments governing the same issues, Vietnamese provisions of law being not consistent with international practices and standards, the vagueness of the provisions of law in respect to pricing and bases for price in trademark transfer and so forth that have challenged the application of law. Vietnamese laws have been lack of the provisions to prevent and enforce against transfer price by means of trademark transfer. Besides, the weakness of database infrastructure has considerably affected on the estimation of price in trademark transfer in Vietnam. Furthermore, the shortage of valuation experts who specialize in trademark valuation has been also the big problem in consideration of price in trademark transfer. In order for successful commercialization of trademark, these encumbrances and challenges must be resolved as soon as possible. Research results show us that among vital challenges is quantifying brand asset that contributes to value of shareholders.

This paper is aimed to investigate the main factors affecting the intention of choosing eating destinations of customers in Hanoi. A survey method employing the questionnaire in combination with multivariate data analysis (Cronbach's Alpha test, EFA, linear regression) are utilized. The result analyzed from 201 Social media users indicates that the intention of choosing eating destination was affected directly by the attitude toward the use of Social media, perceived enjoyment and perceived usefulness also affected directly on customers’ attitude. Besides, the electronic word of mouth and the perceived ease of use don’t show the coherent impact on the attitude of consumers as well as the intention of using social media for choosing eating destinations.

Case Presentation A 69-year-old man consulted for a 3-day history of fever, wet cough, and yellow-green phlegm. He denied having any dyspnea, chest pain, hemoptysis, swallowing disorders, choke, chills, asthenia, anorexia, or weight loss. He reported a continuous dry cough and three episodes of pneumonia in the past 4 years. He was a nonsmoker, without any other personal or familial medical history. He had no known professional exposure. He was born and lived in Vietnam but had no known contact with TB in his family or workplace. He was never imprisoned or homeless and did never travel abroad.

After the global crisis 2008–2009, like many countries, Vietnam began implementing macroprudential policy. So the combination of monetary and macroprudential policy has been becoming an increasing concern of governments and central banks. This study examines the impact of monetary and macroprudential regulation on bank stability in Vietnam. By using Bayesian mixed-effects regression method on a panel data of 31 commercial banks between 2008 and 2019, we investigate macroprudential and monetary tools affecting bank stability in Vietnam. The research results show that M2 money supply, capital adequacy ratio, interbank interest rate, and interaction variable between monetary and macroprudential regulations exert a strongly positive impact on bank stability, whereas the impact of liquidity ratio and loan deposit ratio is ambiguous.

Bank stability plays an increasingly important role in financial stability and a nation’s economy, so bank stability has been becoming a primary concern of academics and policymakers. The study is conducted to investigate determinants of Vietnamese commercial banks stability during the 2008–2019 period, among bank-characteristic and macroeconomic factors. By using the sample of 27 commercial banks and Bayesian linear regression, the research results show that bank size, credit grow and liquidity ratios have a positive impact on bank stability. Whereas, income diversification, the loan to total assets ratio correlates with bank stability negatively. In addition, the inflation rate and GDP growth have a negative and positive impact on bank stability. These research results are observed to be relatively consistent with previous studies.

Background Vaginal candidiasis is frequent in women of reproductive age. Accurate identification Candida provides helpful information for successful therapy and epidemiology study; however, there are very limited data from the Vietnam have been reported. This study was performed to determine the prevalence, species distribution of yeast causing vaginal discharge and antifungal susceptibility patterns of Candida albicans among symptomatic non-pregnant women of reproductive age. Methods Vaginal discharge samples were collected from 462 women of reproductive age in Hanoi, Vietnam between Sep 2019 and Oct 2020. Vaginal swabs from these patients were examined by direct microscopic examination (10% KOH). CHROMagar™ Candida medium and Sabouraud dextrose agar supplemented with chloramphenicol (0.5 g/l) were used to isolate yeast, and species identification was performed using morphological tests and molecular tools (PCR and sequencing). Antifungal susceptibility testing was determined according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines (M27-A3 and M27-S4). Results The prevalence of vaginal yeast colonization in non-pregnant women was 51.3% of 462 participants. Nine different yeast species were identified. Among these isolates, C. albicans (51.37%) was the most frequent, followed by C. parapsilosis (25.88%), C. glabrata (11.37%), C. tropicalis (4.31%), C. krusei (3.92%), C. africana (1.57%), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (0.78%), C. nivariensis (1 isolates, 0.39%), and C. lusitaniae (1 isolates, 0.39%), respectively. Among C. albicans, all 46 isolates were 100% susceptible to micafungin, caspofungin, and miconazole. The susceptibility rates to amphotericine B, 5-flucytosine, fluconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole were 95.65, 91.30, 91.30, 82.61 and 86.95%, respectively. Conclusions The prevalence of VVC among symptomatic non-pregnant women of reproductive age in Vietnam was higher than many parts of the world. The high frequency of non-albicans Candida species, which were often more resistant to antifungal agents, was a notable feature. Resistance rates of vaginal C. albicans isolates to antifungal agents was low. Our findings suggest that continued surveillance of changes in species distribution and susceptibility to antifungals should be routinely screened and treated.

MgAl layered double hydroxides adsorbed anacardic acid (L-A complex) nanomateial used as a biological pesticide, could kill cutworms larvae (Spodoptera litura). This study assessed the effect of the MgAl layered double hydroxides, anacardic acid, and L-A complex on growth and development of sweet mustard trees, their toxicity on mice and the anacardic acid substance residues of L-A complex on sweet mustard trees (Brassica integrifolia) using HPLC method. The results showed that the MgAl layered double hydroxides and L-A complex did not affect the growth indexes including body height, root length, fresh weight, dry weight and chlorophyll concentrations of sweet mustard when killing larvae dose of 0,148 mg/mL was applied to the plants. The toxicity evaluation on mice indicated LD50 values of anacardic acid was 2378,41 mg/kg body weight, while no mice died from using L-A complex with anacardic acid concentration of 2553 mg/kg body weight. These results indicated that the toxicity of anacardic acid was reduced as using anacardic acid with MgAl layered double hydroxides in comparison with using anacardic acid alone. In testing the toxicity of free LDH, at dose applying on mice 6000 mg/kg body weight, no death mice or any abnormal behaviors of them was recorded. The result also showed that the anacardic acid residues in mustard leaves decreased from 40,6 mg/kg to 15,7 mg/kg leaves after 6 days. Therefore, all the results indicated that LDH, anacardic acid and L-A complex had no acute toxicity in mice and negative effect on growth and development of mustard plant. Prospectively, anacardic acid and L-A complex can be used as biological pesticides and safety materials in agriculture.

The ferrite (a Fe3O4 – gFe2O3 mixed solution) fine particles, ~8 nm in size were synthesized from an aqueous solution. Trypsin, a proteolytic enzyme or a protein, was immobilized onto the surfaces of those particles during the synthesis process. The process was performed in the open air at a temperature as low as 4°C and on near-neutral condition of pH = 9, which is compatible with most of the bioactive molecules as well as trypsin. Therefore this technique is advantageous for preparing magnetite particles having biomolecules immobilized on their surfaces, which will be used for biomedical applications utilizing magnetic separation technique.

This study investigates factors that encourage employee’s speaking-up behavior in the organization which is considered to be a risky behavior. Drawing on the principles of Uncertainty Management Theory (UMT), this research proposes that factors which embodies two key facets of certainty, confidence and control, encourages employees to speak-up to direct supervisors. This study proposes that leader-member exchange (LMX) has a mediating effect on the relationship between Cheng’s categorization criteria (guan-xi, loyalty, contribution) and speak-up behavior while political skill moderates the relationship between LMX and speak-up behavior. Data collected from 288 subordinates and 92 of their immediate supervisors support all hypotheses. This study reveals the effects of LMX and political skill, on ‘speak-up’ behavior and provides practical suggestions to aid employees and organizations maximize the potential of their workforce.

Gac fruit (Momordica cochinchinensis, Spreng) aril contains extraordinarily high levels of β-carotene, lycopene and unsaturated fatty acids, especially oleic and linoleic acids. These bioactive compounds have been proven to be beneficial to human health and are linked with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and cancers. There were previous researches which were carried out to encapsulate Gac oil using maltodextrin, whey protein and gum arabic. However, no reports have been found to study cyclodextrin and sodium caseinate as a carrier or encapsulating agent for producing Gac oil powder. The aim of this study using spray drying method was therefore to investigate the impacts of wall concentration on Gac oil microencapsulation. The data showed that 25% of maltodextrin (or cyclodextrin); ratio of maltodextrin (or cyclodextrin) and sodium caseinate of 0.6:1 resulted in high microencapsulation productivity. The figure of MEY, MEE and DY accounted for 92.4%, 66% and 70.3% respectively and higher than that of other samples. Gac powder is saffron color of turmeric, specific odor and completely dissolved in water. The moisture content reduced from 3.67% to 3.03% when increasing the rate of maltodextrin/ sodium casenate and cyclodextrin/sodium casenate, and more than 86% dissolved in water. Sodium casenatecyclodextrin matrix as the wall material was effectively used for spray-drying encapsulation of Gac oil.

The aims of this paper are to study the efficacy of chitosan nanoparticles in stimulating specific antibody against A/H1N1 influenza antigen in mice. Chitosan nanoparticles (CSN) were characterized by TEM. The results showed that the average size of CSN was from 80nm to 106nm. The efficacy of A/H1N1 influenza vaccine loaded on the surface of CSN showed that loading efficiency of A/H1N1 influenza antigen on CSN was from 93.75 to 100%. Safe property of the vaccine were tested. In 10 days post vaccination, group of CSN 30 kDa and 300 kDa loaded A/H1N1 influenza antigen were the rate of immune response on mice to be 100% (9/9) higher than Al(OH)3 and other adjuvant. 100% mice in the experiment of all groups had immune response in 20 days post vaccination. The results also showed that HI titer of the group using CSN 300 kDa as an adjuvant increased significantly up to 3971 HIU, over three-fold higher than the Al(OH)3 adjuvant, chitosan (CS), and one hundredfold than the A/H1N1 antigen only. Stability of the vaccine formulation was investigated., {"references":["WHO. WHO Media Influenza Factsheet N0211. 2003;\nhttp:/www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/2003/fs211/en/.","WHO. 6th WHO Meeting on Evaluation of Pandemic Influenza Vaccines\nin Clinical Trials, February, 2010.","B. P. Arulanandam, M. O- Toole, D. W. Metzger. Intranasal interleukin-\n12 is a powerful adjuvant for protective mucosal immunity. Journal\nInfection Disease; 180: 940-949, 1999.","B. Guy, N. Pascal, A. Francon. Design, characterization and preclinicl\nefficacy of a cationic lipid adjuvant for influenza split vaccine. Vaccine,\nVol. 19: 1794-1805, 2001.","I. Bracci, I. Caniti & S. Puzelli. 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