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Background: The objectives of this study were to estimate the effects of direct additive and dominance on litter traits and to predict the reproduction of un-tested crossbred sows between Danish Yorkshire (Y) and Danish Landrace (L) pigs in Vietnam. Methods: Litter traits data were obtained between 2014 and 2017 in Binh Thang and Khang Minh An breeding farms, with 671 litters of crossbred sows crossed from 1,308 litters of purebred Yorkshire and Landrace sows. Result: In F1 sows, heterosis was manifested in all traits with 6.7-6.4% for TNB; 5.4-6.2% for NBA; 4.4-4.8% for NW and 5.7-6.0% for AWW traits. Additionally, direct dominance was the most positive effect on litter traits in crossbred sows. In rotational crossbred sows of L (YL) and L (LY), while the value of litter traits remarkably decreased in comparison with F1 groups, it was a noticeably higher than that of the purebred sows by 1.4-3.0%. In un-tested crossbred groups of Y (YL) and Y (LY), predicted values for litter traits were equal in tested crossbred groups of L (YL) and L (LY) and lower than F1 crossbred sows.

Background: Selection based on traits such as average daily gain (ADG) and carcass quality in commercial pig populations have drawn attention of swine breeders due to the correlation with growth and consumer preference for carcass composition, respectively. The association between melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) gene, which encodes the G-protein-coupled receptor and ADG and carcass quality, have been well documented. The study was conducted to determine the effects of MC4R/TaqI and PIT-1/RsaI polymorphisms on growth and carcass quality traits in total of 576 Duroc pigs at national breeding farms of Vietnam. Methods: After the performance test, the desired traits including ADG, IF and LD were measured. ADG (g/day) was calculated as the live weight divided by the number of days from birth to 100 kg, BF and LD can be captured at position P2 (6-8 cm away from body midline at the last rib level) with Ultrasound machine Aloska SSD 500V. Genomic DNA were collected and genotyped to observe the polymorphism of MC4R and PIT-1. Result: Three genotypes AA, AG andGG of MC4R gene and AA, AB and BB of PIT-1 gene were found in the studied pig population. The observed frequencies of AA, AG and GG were 0.09, 0.41 and 0.50 (MC4R gene) and for AA, AB and BB were 0.37, 0.47 and 0.16, respectively. The G allele (MC4R) and B allele (PIT-1) have more positive effects on traits of ADG, BF and LD. Specifically, in MC4R gene, the individuals carrying GG genotype had higher ADG by 50 gram and lower BF by 1.4 mm than AA genotype. In PIT-1 gene, pigs carrying BB genotype had higher ADG and LD than AA genotype by 37 gram and by 1.9 mm, respectively. Therefore, the increased selection of G allele, GG genotype (MC4R) and of B allele, BB genotype (PIT-1) should be considered to contribute to the improvement of ADG, BF and LD traits in Duroc population in current study

The Hadoop MapReduce is the programming model of designing the auto scalable distributed computing applications. It provides developer an effective environment to attain automatic parallelization. However, most existing manufacturing systems are arduous and restrictive to migrate to MapReduce private cloud, due to the platform incompatible and tremendous complexity of system reconstruction. For increasing the efficiency of manufacturing systems with minimum modification of existing systems, we design a framework in this thesis, called MC-Framework: Multi-uses-based Cloudizing-Application Framework. It provides the simple interface to users for fairly executing requested tasks worked with traditional standalone software packages in MapReduce-based private cloud environments. Moreover, this thesis focuses on the multiuser workloads, but the default Hadoop scheduling scheme, i.e., FIFO, would increase delay under multiuser scenarios. Hence, we also propose a new scheduling mechanism, called Job-Sharing Scheduling, to explore and fairly share the jobs to machines in the MapReduce-based private cloud. Then, we prototype an experimental virtual-metrology module of a manufacturing system as a case study to verify and analysis the proposed MC-Framework. The results of our experiments indicate that our proposed framework enormously improved the time performance compared with the original package.

A protocol was developed for collection and storage of somatic cell samples under adverse conditions with little infrastructure, for somatic-cell banks as a backup for endangered livestock breeds. The procedure, which is uniform across species, includes sample collection with ear taggers with an integrated tag/vial system, and recording of global positioning system (GPS) coordinates, digital images and breed information. In a pilot study, the procedures were tested on six local Vietnamese populations of pigs, sheep and goats. Initial investment was around €3000, while the total variable cost for sampling one breed with 25 females and 25 males was less than €1000. With support from local organisations, the sampling of six breeds with 300 animals was carried out in 2 months. The protocol and the complete workflow for setting up a somatic-cell bank, together with data collection, are described. The procedure has proved practicable and exceedingly cheap relative to the cryopreservation of semen or embryos.

The orientational order of a compound exhibiting nematic, SAd and reentrant nematic mesophases was studied through the analysis of proton spectra of the molecular core and deuterium spectra of the chain. The results are compared with the different theoretical models for the SAd phase. Simulations of the proton spectra yield the molecular core order parameters and rule out some of the models proposed, favoring others. Dynamical information regarding the life times of the different molecular aggregates proposed to exist in the SAd phase is obtained from the deuterium spectra of the chain.

By use of Electro-Chemical, Vapor Deposition and Rapid Quenching (RQ) techniques several magnetic materials in the form of thin layers are manufactured and investigated. These, generally, nano sized and multiphase, 3d-based materials exhibit a series of properties and effects such as Giant-Magneto Resistance (GMR) and Giant-Magneto Impedance (GMI) effects depending on their composition. The results of long-standing research in the Hanoi University of Technology on preparation technology, structure, properties and application of this kind of materials are shown and discussed in terms of their practical use.

The molecular dynamics in the smectic C, F and G phases of the compound TBDA is studied by proton NMR relaxation. The spin-lattice relaxation time T1 was measured for several temperatures spanning the three mesophases in the frequency range of 4–80 MHz. Measurements of the spin-lattice relaxation time in the rotating frame T lp were also performed at a field of 4.9 Gauss and for the same set of temperatures. The results were analyzed in terms of the potential contributions of the different molecular motions for the relaxation process; namely reorientations, translational self-diffusion and for the Sc phase smectic layer undulations also.

Mesomorphic properties including structural aspects are investigated in a homologous series of forked side chain polymers: the mesogenic units, which are conventionally attached to a polysiloxane backbone via a flexible spacer, possess two long aliphatic tails at their extremities as in forked polycatenar molecules. Several polymers with different proportions, x, of such mesogenic units have been studied. The influence of this parameter is especially interesting on the structure of the mesophases: the layer spacings of the fluid smectics observed at high temperature vary irregularly as a function of x. Microsegregation into sublayers is observed for low values of x while ordered phases with lamellar or/and columnar features appear at low temperatures.

High-resolution heat capacity measurements have been made on mixtures of pentylphenylcyanobenzoyloxy benzoate (DB5CN) and terephthal-bis-butylaniline (TBBA). These mixtures exhibit a nematic (N)-smectic A1 (SA1 )-smectic A2 (SA2 ) phase sequence. Detailed N–SA1 data were obtained on one mixture and are in good agreement with the 3D-XY model, which is known to provide an excellent description of the critical N–SA1 heat capacity in other systems. The SA1 –SA2 heat capacity for all the investigated mixtures exhibits a finite cusp. The critical exponents for these heat capacity peaks are consistent with the Fisher-renormalized Ising value αR = −0.124, but the experimental situation may be more complex. The magnitude of the Cp(A1–A2) peaks decreases markedly as X increases.

The liquid-crystalline properties and structural characteristics of copoly(dimethyl-methylhydrogeno)siloxanes substituted with different proportions of long mesogenic cyano groups are investigated. Comparison is made with the phase behaviour of the chemically related low molecular weight molecules. Some of the unusual features of the polymorphism of these polar compounds are preserved. The compatibility of these copolymers with their low molar mass parents is tested through the study of binary phase diagrams.

The heat capacity of the discotic mesogen, 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexa-n-hexyloxytriphenylene whose purity was better than 99.3 mole per cent has been measured with an adiabatic calorimeter between 17 and 397 K. Five solid-solid phase transitions were observed in the crystalline state at 105.90, 220.86, 233.91, 330.81, and 337.10 K. The melting and clearing points were 340.27 and 371.17 K, respectively. The sum of all of the solid-to-solid phase transition entropies amounted to 44.87 J K−1 mol−1 (25.8 per cent of the total transition entropy). These solid-solid phase transitions can be ascribed to successive conformational melting of the alkyl-chains attached to the central triphenylene core. The present result strongly supports the prediction that a rich solid polymorphism is a necessary condition for favourable formation of the columnar structure in the discotic mesophases. The entropy change at the phase transition from the columnar mesophase to the isotropic liquid was very small in comparison to that...

Caracterisation (transition de phase, polarisation spontanee, temps de reponse) du copolymere smectique dimethyl siloxane/methyl hydrogeno siloxane a chaine laterale chirale (CH 2 ) n -OPh-CO 2 -Ph-O 2 C-CHCl-CH(CH 3 )-C 2 H 5