102 results on '"Nguyen, Vo Chau Ngan"'
Search Results
2. An Experimental Study on Using Biogas Slurry to Improve the Water Quality of Aquaculture Systems in Acid Sulfate Soil Areas
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Duong, Nhat Long, Nguyen, Hoang Thanh, Nguyen, Vo Chau Ngan, Nguyen, An Thinh, editor, and Hens, Luc, editor
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- 2022
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3. Impacts of dike systems on hydrological regime in Vietnamese Mekong Delta
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Nguyen Van Xuan, Nguyen Ngoc Long Giang, Tran Van Ty, Pankaj Kumar, Nigel K. Downes, Nguyen Dinh Giang Nam, Nguyen Vo Chau Ngan, Lam Van Thinh, Dinh Van Duy, Ram Avtar, and Huynh Vuong Thu Minh
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flow regime ,hydrological change index ,irrigation construction ,mann-kendall test ,vietnamese mekong delta (vmd) ,Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes ,TD201-500 ,River, lake, and water-supply engineering (General) ,TC401-506 - Abstract
This paper examines the impact of the dike systems on river flows in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD). The study combined a hydrological change index method and the Mann–Kendall test to assess the temporal dynamics of both discharge and water levels along the main rivers of the VMD. Results highlight that the system of rivers and canals helps facilitate waterway traffic and drainage during the flood season. However, the low elevation of the delta has created conditions suitable for saline water to increasingly penetrate upstream during the dry season. Observed changes in the hydrological indicators at the upstream stations of Tan Chau (Mekong River) and Chau Doc (Bassac River) are not only due to the dike system but also upstream alterations to the flow regime. More research is needed to consider the various drivers of flow-regime change associated with natural and human activities both inside and outside of the study area. HIGHLIGHTS Investigates the water resource management system in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD), rice basket of south-east Asia.; Assesses the impact of the dike system on the hydrological system in the VMD.; Integrated approach using hydrological change index method and the Mann–Kendall test.; Results from this study will play a big role for decision-makers to design robust management plans.; Methodology can be replicable to other parts of the world.;
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- 2022
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4. An experimental evaluation of the performance of concrete reinforced with recycled fibers made from waste plastic bottles
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Trong-Phuoc Huynh, Tri Ho Minh Le, and Nguyen Vo Chau Ngan
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Recycled plastic fiber ,Waste plastic fiber-reinforced concrete ,Mechanical strength ,Durability ,Drying shrinkage ,Technology - Abstract
This study addressed the issue of recycling waste plastic bottles as recycled plastic fiber (RPF) into sustainable waste plastic fiber-reinforced concrete (WPFRC). Thus, the effects of different RPF lengths (30, 50, and 70 mm), widths (2, 4, and 6 mm), and contents (0.3, 0.45, and 0.6 vol%) on the performance of WPFRC were systematically evaluated through the laboratory test series of workability, fresh unit weight, compressive and flexural strengths, drying shrinkage, water absorption, and ultrasonic pulse velocity. Results indicated that the addition of RPF had a negligible effect on the fresh properties of the WPFRC mixtures, while significantly enhancing the load-bearing capacity and reducing drying shrinkage in the WPFRC specimens, particularly at early ages. Additionally, all WPFRC specimens exhibited low water absorption rates and high ultrasonic pulse velocities, indicating good quality and durability. Overall, the study found that an RPF content of 0.45% by volume, an RPF length of 70 mm, and an RPF width of 2 mm yielded the best performance for WPFRC. As a result, incorporating RPF into concrete fosters the development of strong, durable, and sustainable materials for green construction.
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- 2023
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5. Understanding Rainfall Distribution Characteristics over the Vietnamese Mekong Delta: A Comparison between Coastal and Inland Localities
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Huynh Vuong Thu Minh, Bui Thi Bich Lien, Dang Thi Hong Ngoc, Tran Van Ty, Nguyen Vo Chau Ngan, Nguyen Phuoc Cong, Nigel K. Downes, Gowhar Meraj, and Pankaj Kumar
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climate change ,Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD) ,rainfall patterns ,Mann–Kendall test ,innovative trend analysis ,principal component analysis ,Meteorology. Climatology ,QC851-999 - Abstract
This study examines the changing rainfall patterns in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD) utilizing observational data spanning from 1978 to 2022. We employ the Mann–Kendall test, the sequential Mann–Kendall test, and innovative trend analysis to investigate trends in annual, wet, and dry season rainfall, as well as daily rainfall events. Our results show significant spatial variations. Ca Mau, a coastal province, consistently showed higher mean annual and seasonal rainfall compared to the further inland stations of Can Tho and Moc Hoa. Interestingly, Ca Mau experienced a notable decrease in annual rainfall. Conversely, Can Tho, showed an overall decrease in some months of the wet season and an increase in dry season rainfall. Furthermore, Moc Hoa showed an increase in the number of rainy days, especially during the dry season. Principal component analysis (PCA) further revealed strong correlations between annual rainfall and extreme weather events, particularly for Ca Mau, emphasizing the complex interplay of geographic and climatic factors within the region. Our findings offer insights for policymakers and planners, thus aiding the development of targeted interventions to manage water resources and prepare for changing climate conditions.
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- 2024
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6. Nutrient dynamics in water and soil under conventional rice cultivation in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations]
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Nguyen Vo Chau Ngan, Huynh Van Thao, and Nguyen Dinh Giang Nam
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Research Article ,Articles ,nutrient availability ,nutrient loss ,surface water ,subsurface water ,soil ,the Vietnamese Mekong Delta ,water management - Abstract
Background The evaluation of nutrient variability plays a crucial role in accessing soil potentials and practical intervention responses in rice production systems. Synthetic fertilizer applications and cultivation practices are considered key factors affecting nutrient dynamics and availability. Here, we assessed the nutrient dynamics in surface, subsurface water and soil under local water management and conventional rice cultivation practices in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. Methods We implemented a field experiment (200 m 2) in the 2018 wet season and the 2019 dry season in a triple rice-cropping field. Eight samples of surface water, subsurface water (30–45 cm), and topsoil (0–20 cm) were collected and analysed during the rice-growing seasons. Results The results showed that N-NH 4 +, P-PO 4 3− and total P peaks were achieved after fertilizing. Irrespective of seasons, the nutrient content in surface water was always greater than that of subsurface water ( P < 0.001), with the exception of N-NO 3 −, which was insignificant ( P > 0.05). When comparing the wet and dry seasons, nutrient concentrations exhibited minor differences ( P > 0.05). Under conventional rice cultivation, the effects of synthetic fertilizer topdressing on the total N, soil organic matter (SOM), and total P were negligible in the soil. Higher rates of N fertilizer application did not significantly increase soil N-NH 4 +, total N, yet larger P fertilizer amounts substantially enhanced soil total P ( P < 0.001). Conclusions Under conventional rice cultivation, N-NH 4 +, P-PO 4 3− and total P losses mainly occur through runoff rather than leaching. While N-NO 3 − loss is similar in surface water and subsurface water. Notably, nutrient content in soil was high; whilst SOM was seen to be low-to-medium between seasons. Future work should consider the nutrient balance and dynamic simulation in the lowland soil of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta’s paddy fields.
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- 2023
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7. An Experimental Study on Using Biogas Slurry to Improve the Water Quality of Aquaculture Systems in Acid Sulfate Soil Areas
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Duong, Nhat Long, primary, Nguyen, Hoang Thanh, additional, and Nguyen, Vo Chau Ngan, additional
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- 2021
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8. Nutrient dynamics in water and soil under conventional rice cultivation in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations]
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Nguyen Vo Chau Ngan, Huynh Van Thao, and Nguyen Dinh Giang Nam
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Research Article ,Articles ,nutrient availability ,nutrient loss ,surface water ,subsurface water ,soil ,the Vietnamese Mekong Delta ,water management - Abstract
Background The evaluation of nutrient variability plays a crucial role in accessing soil potentials and practical intervention responses in rice production systems. Synthetic fertilizer applications and cultivation practices are considered key factors affecting nutrient dynamics and availability. Here, we assessed the nutrient dynamics in surface, subsurface water and soil under local water management and conventional rice cultivation practices in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. Methods We implemented a field experiment (200 m 2) in the 2018 wet season and the 2019 dry season in a triple rice-cropping field. Eight samples of surface water, subsurface water (30–45 cm), and topsoil (0–20 cm) were collected and analysed during the rice-growing seasons. Results The results showed that N-NH 4 +, P-PO 4 3- and total P peaks were achieved after fertilizing. Irrespective of seasons, the nutrient content in surface water was always greater than that of subsurface water ( P<0.001), with the exception of N-NO 3 -, which was insignificant ( P>0.05). When comparing the wet and dry seasons, nutrient concentrations exhibited minor differences ( P>0.05). Under conventional rice cultivation, the effects of synthetic fertilizer topdressing on the total N, soil organic matter (SOM), and total P were negligible in the soil. Higher rates of N fertilizer application did not significantly increase soil N-NH 4 +, total N, yet larger P fertilizer amounts substantially enhanced soil total P ( P<0.001). Conclusions Under conventional rice cultivation, N-NH 4 +, P-PO 4 3- and total P losses mainly occur through runoff rather than leaching. While N-NO 3 - loss is similar in surface water and subsurface water. Notably, nutrient content in soil was high; whilst SOM was seen to be low-to-medium between seasons. Future work should consider the nutrient balance and dynamic simulation in the lowland soil of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta’s paddy fields.
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- 2021
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9. Water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes L.) increases biogas effluent pollutant removal efficacy and proves a positive substrate for renewable energy production
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Nguyen Vo Chau, Ngan, primary, Huynh Van, Thao, additional, Nguyen Cong, Thuan, additional, Kim, Lavane, additional, and Pham, Dan Van, additional
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- 2023
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10. Methane Production from Food Garbage Under the Batch and Semi-Continuous Anaerobic Digestion
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Thuan, Nguyen, primary, Tokihiko, Fujimoto, additional, and Nguyen Vo Chau, Ngan, additional
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- 2023
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11. Monitoring Shoreline Changes in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta Coastal Zone Using Satellite Images and Wave Reduction Structures
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Tran Van Ty, Dinh Van Duy, Huynh Thi Cam Hong, Nguyen Dinh Giang Nam, Huynh Vuong Thu Minh, Lam Van Thinh, Nguyen Vo Chau Ngan, and Nguyen Hieu Trung
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- 2022
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12. Predicting Heavy Metal Concentrations in Shallow Aquifer Systems Based on Low-Cost Physiochemical Parameters Using Machine Learning Techniques
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Huynh, Thi-Minh-Trang, primary, Ni, Chuen-Fa, additional, Su, Yu-Sheng, additional, Nguyen, Vo-Chau-Ngan, additional, Lee, I-Hsien, additional, Lin, Chi-Ping, additional, and Nguyen, Hoang-Hiep, additional
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- 2022
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13. Implications of climate change and drought on water requirements in a semi-mountainous region of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta
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Huynh Vuong Thu Minh, Tran Van Ty, Ram Avtar, Pankaj Kumar, Kieu Ngoc Le, Nguyen Vo Chau Ngan, Luong Huy Khanh, Nguyen Cong Nguyen, and Nigel K. Downes
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Vietnam ,Asian People ,Water Supply ,Climate Change ,Humans ,Water ,Agriculture ,General Medicine ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Pollution ,General Environmental Science ,Droughts ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
As the backbone of Vietnam’s economy, the country has recently established a number of policies for promoting and investing in smart agriculture inthe Mekong Delta, the country’s largest agricultural hub, to foster overall socio-economic development. However, water remains a critical constraint for crop production,with progress being hindered by water scarcity and quality issues, and compounded by socio-economic transformation and climate change. Considering thesechallenges, this study used the CROPWAT model and a wide spectrum of climate change scenarios to investigate future total water demands in the 2030s and 2050sas well as drought levels in two underdeveloped semi mountainous reservoir catchments, i.e., O Ta Soc and O Tuk Sa in An Giang province. The results suggest that the usable storage capacity of the O Ta Soc reservoir will increase to 650,000 m3 to meet water supply demands under all climate change scenarios and themedium-term, moderate drought conditions. The useable storage capacity of the O Tuk Sa reservoir will also be increased to 880,000 m3 and the irrigation area wouldsee a marked 70% reduction compared to its design irrigation. Under these circumstances, the O Tuk Sa reservoir will continue to supply water under all climatechange scenarios and medium-term droughts. As a core element for strategic planning and to ensure efficient management of water resources, the results highlight theimportance of estimating potential runoff and rainfall in semi-mountainous reservoir catchments under various drought conditions in order to propose the suitableexpansion of the useable water storage capacities.
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- 2022
14. Artificial Intelligence in Pollution Control and Management: Status and Future Prospects
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Tuan-Dung Hoang, Nguyen Minh Ky, Nguyen Thi Ngoc Thuong, Hoang Quy Nhan, and Nguyen Vo Chau Ngan
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- 2022
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15. Methane Production from Food Garbage under the Batch and Semi-Continuous Anaerobic Digestion: Effect of Total Solid.
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Nguyen Cong Thuan, Tokihiko Fujimoto, and Nguyen Vo Chau Ngan
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ANAEROBIC digestion ,ORGANIC wastes ,RENEWABLE energy sources ,METHANE ,FOOD industrial waste ,BATCH reactors - Abstract
In line with modern era, it is a high demand of renewable energies due to fossil fuels crisis. This study applies food garbage to produce biogas - an alternative renewable energy source - under lab-scale batch and semicontinuous reactors. Designing with four loading total solid (TS) rates of 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, and 2.5%, the batch and the semi-continuous testing set up in 1.5 L and 21 L plastic reactors, respectively. Both testing was run in 60 days, produced biogas volume and compositions were recorded daily in semi-continuous reactors, and every ten days in the batch reactors. The results show that in batch testing, the biogas yields of treatments 1.0%TS, 1.5%TS, and 2.0%TS were better than those for treatment of 2.5%TS; however, %CH4 concentrations were better for treatments 2.0%TS and 2.5%TS. For the semi-continuous testing, the loading rate of 2.5% total solid food garbage produced the highest biogas yield which could meet the household demand of daily gas. Up to the day of 60, the %CH4 concentration was nearly 45% which proof the biogas can be used for cooking. H2S concentration in biogas was high which must be reduced to use produced biogas for cooking purpose. Further study needs to avoid accumulation of soluble organic acids, leading the low pH and inhibits methane-producing microorganisms in food garbage anaerobic reactor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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16. Green technology for sustainable development: Practice and experience of renewable energy in Vietnam
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Nguyen, Vo Chau Ngan, primary, Dung, Hoang Tuan, additional, Nguyen, Ngoc Son Hai, additional, and Nguyen, Thi Hue, additional
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- 2021
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17. Evaluating Reference Crop Evapotranspiration of the Selected Field Crops Grown in Different Agricultural Regions in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta
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Nguyen Dinh Giang Nam, Le Nhu Y., Lam Van Thinh, Huynh Vuong Thu Minh, Pankaj Kumar, and Nguyen Vo Chau Ngan
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Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Water - Abstract
The water balance in six selected crops (mung beans, tomatoes, maize, cassava, yam, and sweet potatoes) was determined at the field block scale in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta for two agricultural growing areas. A novel approach for the calculation of water balance was employed, which combined the reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo), derived from four methods, namely, Penman-Monteith, Blaney-Criddle, Thornthwaite, and Turc. The equation of Penman-Monteith is generally considered to be the most representative to calculate the ETo value. The reference crop evapotranspiration for some crops was calculated. The daily ETo ranges from 1.8 to 7.5 mm, while a monthly ETo ranges from 3.5 to 5.0 mm. The calculations of the water balances show that irrigation is necessary for crops grown on raised beds crops during the dry season. The results show a promising approach for evaluating the water regime to satisfy crop water requirements.
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- 2022
18. Natural coagulants derived from Cassia fistulaand tamarind seed for the removal of copper ions
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Dao, Minh-Trung, Vo, Duc-Thuong, Tran, Thanh-Nha, Hoang, Le-Thuy-Thuy-Trang, and Nguyen, Vo-Chau-Ngan
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Coagulants derived from plants have shown great potential in wastewater treatment, with good coagulation–flocculation performance, economic benefits and high environmental friendliness. Therefore, the coagulation–flocculation processes conducted by coagulants prepared from Cassia fistulaand tamarind seeds were studied for the removal of Cu2+ions. Fourier-transform infrared spectra, scanning electron microscopy images and nitrogen adsorption–desorption analysis of the synthesized coagulants indicated the presence of many important functional groups along with preferable surface characteristics for the removal of heavy metal ions. The effects of different variables, including initial solution pH and coagulant dosage, were also estimated to reveal the optimal conditions for Cu2+removal as pH 5.0 and a dosage of 0.6 g/L of C. fistulaseed-derived coagulant and 1.5 g/L of tamarind seed-derived coagulant. A further pilot-scale study at a volume of 30 L revealed the great efficiency of C. fistulacoagulant for removing Cu2+ions from real wastewater, with 89.45% removal at a dosage of 0.884 g/L. The obtained results have proved the great potential of these bio-coagulants.
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- 2023
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19. Pilot-Scale Study of Real Domestic Textile Wastewater Treatment Using Cassia fistula Seed-Derived Coagulant
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Dao, Minh-Trung, primary, Nguyen, Vo-Chau-Ngan, additional, Tran, Thanh-Nha, additional, Nguyen, Xuan-Du, additional, Vo, Duc-Thuong, additional, Nguyen, Van-Kieu, additional, and Hoang, Le-Thuy-Thuy-Trang, additional
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- 2021
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20. The Diversity of Phytoplankton in a Combined Rice-Shrimp Farming System in the Coastal Area of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta
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Nguyen Dinh Giang Nam, Nguyen Thanh Giao, Minh N. Nguyen, Nigel K. Downes, Nguyen Vo Chau Ngan, Le Hoang Hai Anh, and Nguyen Hieu Trung
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Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes ,rice-shrimp culture system ,Geography, Planning and Development ,SIMPER analysis ,Hydraulic engineering ,Aquatic Science ,water quality ,Biochemistry ,cluster analysis ,phytoplankton ,Vietnamese Mekong delta ,TC1-978 ,TD201-500 ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
An assessment of varying density, species composition and dynamics of phytoplankton in a combined rice-shrimp culture was carried out in My Xuyen district, Soc Trang province in the Vietnamese Mekong delta. Water was sampled six times at six separate locations within the culture system, on days 1, 20, 34, 57, 68, and day 81 of the rice-shrimp crop cycle. The results showed the abundance of 95 phytoplankton species belonging to five phyla including Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta, Euglenophyta, and Pyrrophyta. The values of Shannon–Wiener index indicated high phytoplankton diversity, while the water quality ranged from medium to good. A Cluster Analysis showed that the phytoplankton density variation can be divided into three distinct periods. The initial phase of crop growth was dominated by Pandorina morum, Pediastrum simplex, Eudorina elegans, Oscillatoria limosa, and Anabaena circinalis. The midstage, reproductive phase of crop growth was dominated by Scenedesnus acuminatus, Pediastrum duplex, Closterinm setaceum, Scenedesnus quadricauda, and Actinastnum hantzschii. Whereas Scenedesnus acuminatus, Scenedesnus quadricauda, Closterinm closterioides, Staurastrum arcuatum, Euglena nhrenbergii, and Phacus lnsmorensis were dominant at the end of crop cycle. The findings provide useful information on phytoplankton assemblages in a typical rice-shrimp culture, which has recently gained popularity as an adaptive livelihood system.
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- 2022
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21. Anaerobic Digestion of Rice Straw for Biogas Production
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Huynh Van Thao, Nguyen Van Hung, Tran Sy Nam, Monet Concepcion Maguyon-Detras, Dinh Vuong Hung, Francis Mervin S. Chan, Do Minh Cuong, and Nguyen Vo Chau Ngan
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,business.industry ,food and beverages ,Pulp and paper industry ,Renewable energy ,Anaerobic digestion ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Biogas ,chemistry ,Agriculture ,Environmental science ,Fermentation ,Organic matter ,Cellulose ,business ,Anaerobic exercise - Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a process of degradation of organic matter by microorganisms in an oxygen-free environment, which produces biogas, a vital renewable energy source. Using solely an organic source, such as monosubstrates, it is difficult to optimize the AD process due to nutrient imbalance, lack of appropriate microbial communities, and the effect of operational parameters. This chapter reviews the current studies on biogas production from the anaerobic codigestion process of mixing agricultural byproducts, focusing on rice straw and livestock manure as substrates. Because rice straw is high in cellulose, it needs to be pretreated before feeding into the anaerobic digester. Different rice straw pretreatments are summarized including physical, chemical, and biological methods. Current biogas systems are discussed. The utilization of bioslurry from the anaerobic fermentation process to agricultural cultivation and aquaculture activities is also discussed.
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- 2019
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22. Rice Straw-Based Composting
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Nguyen Van Hieu, Nguyen Van Hung, Nguyen Vo Chau Ngan, Ryan R. Romasanta, Le Quang Vinh, Nguyen Thanh Nghi, Pauline Chivenge, and Nguyen Xuan Du
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Mushroom ,business.industry ,Compost ,Straw ,engineering.material ,Pulp and paper industry ,Nutrient ,Food processing ,engineering ,Environmental science ,Aeration ,business ,Organic fertilizer ,Mechanization - Abstract
Current practices in rice production leave a huge amount of wet straw on the field, which cannot be used as feed or for food production. Compost production is one way of effectively utilizing rice straw. Spent rice straw from mushroom production is also used as compost but this has low nutrient value and is poorly decomposed when using it as a soil improver. This wet, low-quality straw, as well as byproducts from mushroom and cattle feed production, could be used to produce better-quality compost to return nutrients back to the field. Mechanization in mixing the materials, i.e., a compost turner, is necessary to have good aeration, increase the decomposition process, and reduce labor cost. This chapter provides an overview of composting technology and current practices of rice-straw composting. Updated information on this topic, resulting under the current BMZ-funded IRRI rice-straw management project (2016–2019), which has been implemented in Vietnam and the Philippines, is also included here, particularly in the sections on vermin-composting and mechanized composting.
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- 2019
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23. Lab-scale biogas production from co-digestion of super-intensive shrimp sludge and potential biomass feedstocks.
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Tran Sy Nam, Huynh Van Thao, Huynh Cong Khanh, Nguyen Trong Luan, Nguyen Vo Chau Ngan, Huynh Thi Diem, Dinh Thai Danh, and Nguyen Van Cong
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BIOGAS production ,BIOMASS chemicals ,BIOGAS ,SHRIMPS ,ANAEROBIC digestion ,RICE straw ,BAGASSE - Abstract
This study evaluated biogas production potentials from local biomass feedstocks comprising of rice straw (RS), steamed lemongrass (SL), bagasse (BA) and desiccated coconut (DC) on superintensive shrimp sludge (SS) anaerobic digestion. A series of batch anaerobic digestion experiments was conducted at an organic loading rate of 50 g-VS L-1 and a C/N ratio of 25 under mesophilic conditions. The results indicate that co-digested biomass substrates are more suitable than single sludge except for DC supplementation, which exhibited a severe pH inhibition for methanogenesis activities. A reactor supplemented with BA achieved the highest overall biogas production (126.78 L kg-VSadded -1), which increased biogas yields 53.70% compared to a monosludge reactor. Furthermore, reactors with RS and SL increased biogas yields by 26.40% and 29.21%, respectively. Irrespective of initial materials, the H2S concentration in biogas compositions was measured at very high levels (23,710 - 65,040 ppm) after 10-15 days of digestion, while a decreasing trend was recorded for the remaining digestion period (16 - 60 days), yet still maintained relatively high levels (5,873 - 9,155 ppm). The study suggests that future works should focus on pH neutralization within the reactor with DC substrates and H2S removal in biogas composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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24. Rice Straw: An Alternative for Energy Generation by Anaerobic Co-Digestion to Pig Manure
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Nguyen Vo Chau Ngan, Kjeld Ingvorsen, Tran Sy Nam, Le Hoang Viet, and Nguyen Huu Chiem
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0106 biological sciences ,Alkalinity ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Manure ,Methane ,Anaerobic digestion ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Animal science ,Biogas ,chemistry ,010608 biotechnology ,Environmental science ,Fermentation ,Dry matter ,Anaerobic exercise ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Anaerobic digestion technology (biogas) has been used to treat husbandry wastes in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam for more than 30 years. However, biogas applications are limited. One major barrier is lack of input material for biogas digesters, because husbandry is normally conducted at the household scale. In contrast, rice straw (RS) is available in huge quantities in the Mekong Delta, but it is seldom put to use. This study tested the suitability and efficiency of anaerobic co-digestion of RS and pig manure (PM) to produce biogas. The study used 21-L lab-scale batches of anaerobic co-digestion of PM and RS, testing different sizes of RS. The mixing ratio for co-digestion was 50:50 based on organic dry matter values of input materials. The results showed that temperature, pH, alkalinity, and redox potential of almost all RS sizes were in the suitable range for activities of methanogenic microorganisms. The biogas yields per kilogram of fermented organic dry matter for the treatments were, for 1.0 cm RS, 691.05 L; 10.0 cm, 687.79 L; 20.0 cm, 685.08 L; and original RS size (uncut), 680.44 L. These values did not significantly differ from that of the 100% PM treatment. The methane content tended to increase with time, starting with the second week, and was well qualified for energy use. Our results strongly confirm that RS can be added to PM to produce biogas and that chopping RS is unnecessary.
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- 2018
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25. Assessment of Groundwater Quality and Its Suitability for Domestic and Irrigation Use in the Coastal Zone of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam
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Goto Akira, Osawa Kazutoshi, Nguyen Hieu Trung, Nguyen Vo Chau Ngan, and Nguyen Dinh Giang Nam
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Salinity ,Hydrology ,Irrigation ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Sodium ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Environmental science ,Water treatment ,Water quality ,Groundwater quality ,Sodium carbonate ,Groundwater - Abstract
This study evaluated the suitability of groundwater quality for domestic use and irrigation in Vinh Chau District, Soc Trang Province, Vietnam. Water samples from 30 domestic-use and 10 irrigation groundwater wells were collected and their physicochemical parameters were analyzed. Results indicated that, based on WHO and Vietnamese standards, the groundwater quality had good suitability, generally to the medium level, but for drinking purposes some areas were found to require water treatment. Six water quality parameters—sodium adsorption ratio, soluble sodium percentage, permeability index, sodium percentage, residual sodium carbonate, and magnesium adsorption ratio—were calculated and employed for evaluating suitability for irrigation, in addition to electric conductivity. The results showed that the six parameters stayed at the permissible level for irrigation, whereas high sodium and salinity were a concern for irrigation. Use of the Piper trilinear diagram to analyze hydrochemical facies and groundwater types showed that the groundwater samples were in the sodium-potassium-chloride-sulfate category and that sodium water type was dominant.
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- 2018
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26. Anaerobic co-digestion cow dung and corn stalk - effect of corn stalk pre-treated timing
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Nguyen, Le Phuong, Lam, Thanh Ai, Nguyen, Thi Diem Trang, Nguyen, Huu Chiem, and Nguyen, Vo Chau Ngan
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Pre treatment ,Animal science ,Stalk ,Biogas ,Chemistry ,Co digestion ,Anaerobic exercise ,Cow dung - Abstract
The study was aimed to investigate the effect of corn stalk pre-treatment duration on biogas production when cow dung and corn stalk was co-digested in an anaerobic digestion. Corn stalks were pre-treated in different durations: 2-days, 5-days, and 8-days before being added to cow dung into anaerobic co-digesters. The experiments were set up randomly by using triplicate batch anaerobic apparatus in 21 L containers that run in 60-days. The mixing ratio between a corn stalk and cow dung was 50%: 50% (based on the volatile solid value of each material), but corn stalk was cut into small pieces with around 10 cm length, while the cow dung was air dried. The results of the study indicated that all operation parameters such as temperature, pH, and alkalinity in the anaerobic batch were suitable for biogas production. The results showed that there was a significant improvement in total gas produced in the pre-treated 5-days treatment (206.4±8.4 L) compared to 2-days (153.4±9.6 L), and 8-days ones (174±11.1 L). The biogas yield of the pre-treated 2-days, 5-days, and 8-days treatments were 392.7±9.8 L/kg VSfermented, 469.8±10.1 L/kg VSfermented and 497.1±13.3 L/kg VSfermented, respectively, that was not significantly different (5%). In all treatments, low concentration of methane in the beginning phase had been observed but increased and reached the optimum value for energy use after 10 days. The result of the study showed that it is preferable to have 5-days pre-treatment of corn stalk before the corn stalk is loaded to an anaerobic digester in combination with cow dung. Nghiên cứu này nhằm đánh giá ảnh hưởng của thời gian xử lý thân cây bắp lên năng suất sinh khí khi ủ phối trộn phân bò và thân cây bắp trong điều kiện yếm khí. Ba mức thời gian xử lý thân cây bắp được chọn là 2 ngày, 5 ngày, và 8 ngày. Các thí nghiệm được bố trí ngẫu nhiên trong các bình ủ yếm khí theo mẻ 21 L, vận hành trong 60 ngày liên tiếp và có 3 lần lặp lại. Nguyên liệu ủ được phối trộn theo tỷ lệ 50% phân bò và 50% thân bắp, trong đó thân bắp được cắt nhỏ cỡ 10 cm. Kết quả thí nghiệm cho thấy tất cả các thông số pH, nhiệt độ, độ kiềm của mẻ ủ đều phù hợp để vận hành. Lượng khí sinh ra của các nghiệm thức xử lý ở 2 ngày, 5 ngày, 8 ngày được ghi nhận là 153,4±9,6 L, 206,4±8,4 L và 174±11,1 L; năng suất sinh khí của các nghiệm thức không khác biệt và đạt giá trị 392,7±9,8 L/kg VSphânhủy, 469,8±10,1 L/kg VSphânhủy và 497,1±13,3 L/kg VSphânhủy. Tất cả các nghiệm thức đều sản sinh lượng CH4 thấp ở giai đoạn đầu nhưng tăng dần theo thời gian ủ và đạt hiệu quả sử dụng sau 10 ngày ủ. Kết quả cho thấy có thể chọn mốc thời gian 5 ngày để xử lý thân cây bắp trước khi đưa vào hầm ủ biogas., Journal of Vietnamese Environment, Vol 10 No 1 (2018)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Cow raising in the Mekong Delta - The current status of waste treatment and risk of greenhouse gas emissions
- Author
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Nguyen, Le Phuong, Nguyen, Hong Tam, Thach, Si Nuo, and Nguyen, Vo Chau Ngan
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Waste treatment ,Environmental protection ,Greenhouse gas ,Environmental science ,Current (fluid) ,Mekong delta ,Raising (metalworking) - Abstract
This study was aimed to assess the status of waste treatment for cow raising at small farm households in Can Tho, Tra Vinh, Soc Trang, and Hau Giang. The interview of 120 cow farmer households indicated that local farmers normally treat their waste by sun-drying, storing in ponds, discharging directly into rivers, or applying to anaerobic biogas. The farmers select ways to treat cow excrement according to seasons of the year: in the dry season cow waste is mostly sun-dried for sale (76.7%); stored for use (10%), untreated (7.5%) or applied to biogas plants (5.8%); however, in the rainy season most of the farmers leave the waste untreated (94.2%), except for those owning biogas tanks. Biogas treatment is applied mainly by dairy cow-raising households, accounting for 85.7% of biogas users. The cow farmer households have limited knowledge about biogas application; 23.3% of the interviewed farmers knew about biogas technology; 47.5% had little knowledge about this technology, however, 29.2% of the selected persons had no idea about biogas technology. Based on the quantity of beef cattle herds in the surveyed areas, it is estimated that CH4 gas emissions account for around 252.3 tons, 61.4 tons, 8.2 tons, and 2.5 tons in Soc Trang, Tra Vinh, Can Tho, and Hau Giang, respectively. Nghiên cứu này nhằm đánh giá hiện trạng xử lý chất thải tại các hộ chăn nuôi bò ở thành phố Cần Thơ và các tỉnh Trà Vinh, Sóc Trăng, Hậu Giang. Tổng số 120 hộ chăn nuôi đã được phỏng vấn cho thấy có 4 phương pháp xử lý chính để xử lý chất thải chăn nuôi phát sinh: ủ yếm khí (biogas), phơi khô và bán, trữ lại trong ao để sử dụng, và không xử lý. Tùy theo thời điểm trong năm người dân sẽ thay đổi cách thức xử lý chất thải chăn nuôi bò: vào mùa khô có nhiều nắng chủ yếu người dân phơi khô để bán (76,7%), để lại và sử dụng (10%), dùng để ủ biogas (5,8%), và không xử lý (7,5%); tuy nhiên vào mùa mưa hầu hết các hộ dân không xử lý chất thải chăn nuôi (94,2%), chỉ trừ những hộ dân đã có hầm ủ biogas để xử lý. Xử lý chất thải chăn nuôi bằng công nghệ biogas được áp dụng phổ biến ở các hộ nuôi bò sữa, chiếm 85,7% số hộ có hầm ủ biogas. Sự hiểu biết về công nghệ biogas của các hộ chăn nuôi còn khá giới hạn, chỉ 23,3% hộ dân được phỏng vấn biết về công nghệ biogas, 47,5% hộ biết ít về công nghệ này, trong khi 29,2% hộ dân hoàn toàn không biết. Dựa trên số lượng đàn bò thịt trong vùng khảo sát, có thể tính được lượng CH4 phát thải hàng năm từ chất thải chăn nuôi là 252,3 tấn, 61,4 tấn, 8,2 tấn và 2,5 tấn từ các địa phương Sóc Trăng, Trà Vinh, Cần Thơ, và Hậu Giang., Journal of Vietnamese Environment, Vol 10 No 1 (2018)
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- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. The potential of electricity generation from the major agricultural wastes in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam
- Author
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Nguyen, Vo Chau Ngan, Nguyen, Thi Thuy, and Nguyen, Le Phuong
- Subjects
Electricity generation ,Agriculture ,business.industry ,Environmental protection ,Environmental science ,Rice straw ,Mekong delta ,business ,Renewable energy - Abstract
Agricultural activities produce a large quantity of waste each year in the Mekong Delta. For example, appropriately 26.86 million tons of rice straw, 5.37 million tons of rice husks, 1.33 million tons of bagasse and 0.59 million tons of corn straw were produced in 2016. Despite such a huge quantity of agricultural waste, the waste has been rarely used effectively. Around 54.1 - 98.0% of rice straw is normally burnt on the field; only 20 - 50% of rice husk is used for pellet or energy purposes; a few sugar-cane factories apply bagasse feeding to steam cookers, and a small quantity of corn straw is used as livestock feeding. If this biomass source is used for electricity generation, in theory, for the period of 2006 - 2020, it is estimated that this source can potentially generate 1203 million MWh/year from rice straw, 236 million MWh/year from rice husk, 45 million MWh/year from bagasse, and 40 million MWh/year from corn straw. Electricity generation of biomass source will not only solve the problem of environmental pollution caused by agricultural waste but also meet increasing energy demands for socio-economic development in this region. Hàng năm lượng chất thải phát sinh từ một số loại hình canh tác nông nghiệp chính ở ĐBSCL rất lớn. Chỉ tính riêng năm 2016 ghi nhận thải ra khoảng 26,86 triệu tấn rơm rạ; 5,37 triệu tấn vỏ trấu; 1,33 triệu tấn bã mía và 0,59 triệu tấn thân cây bắp. Lượng chất thải phát sinh lớn nhưng các biện pháp sử dụng những nguồn sinh khối này chưa đa dạng, rơm rạ phần lớn được người dân đốt trực tiếp ngay trên đồng ruộng chiếm 54,1 - 98,0% lượng rơm rạ thải ra; chỉ có khoảng 20 - 50% lượng vỏ trấu được sử dụng; bã mía chỉ được một số nhà máy sử dụng để đốt cho lò hơi; một lượng nhỏ thân cây bắp được người dân sử dụng cho chăn nuôi. Nếu có thể tận dụng các nguồn sinh khối này để sản xuất điện thì tiềm năng lý thuyết ước tính từ năm 2005 đến 2020 của rơm rạ là 1203 triệu MWh/năm; vỏ trấu là 236 triệu MWh/năm; bã mía là 45 triệu MWh/năm; và thân cây bắp là 40 triệu MWh/năm. Sản xuất điện từ các nguồn sinh khối này không chỉ giải quyết lượng phế phẩm nông nghiệp phát sinh, giảm thiểu ô nhiễm môi trường mà còn có thể tạo ra nguồn điện cung cấp cho nhu cầu phát triển của vùng., Journal of Vietnamese Environment, Vol 10 No 1 (2018)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Cow raising in the Mekong Delta - The current status of waste treatment and risk of greenhouse gas emissions
- Author
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Nguyen, Le Phoung, Nguyen, Hong Tam, Thach, Si Nuo, and Nguyen, Vo Chau Ngan
- Subjects
ddc:363 ,ddc:7 ,cow raising, greenhouse gas emission, the Mekong Delta, waste treatment ,Kuhzucht, Treibhausgasemissionen, Mekong-Delta, Abfallbehandlung - Abstract
This study was aimed to assess the status of waste treatment for cow raising at small farm households in Can Tho, Tra Vinh, Soc Trang, and Hau Giang. The interview of 120 cow farmer households indicated that local farmers normally treat their waste by sun-drying, storing in ponds, discharging directly into rivers, or applying to anaerobic biogas. The farmers select ways to treat cow excrement according to seasons of the year: in the dry season cow waste is mostly sun-dried for sale (76.7%); stored for use (10%), untreated (7.5%) or applied to biogas plants (5.8%); however, in the rainy season most of the farmers leave the waste untreated (94.2%), except for those owning biogas tanks. Biogas treatment is applied mainly by dairy cow-raising households, accounting for 85.7% of biogas users. The cow farmer households have limited knowledge about biogas application; 23.3% of the interviewed farmers knew about biogas technology; 47.5% had little knowledge about this technology, however, 29.2% of the selected persons had no idea about biogas technology. Based on the quantity of beef cattle herds in the surveyed areas, it is estimated that CH4 gas emissions account for around 252.3 tons, 61.4 tons, 8.2 tons, and 2.5 tons in Soc Trang, Tra Vinh, Can Tho, and Hau Giang, respectively. Nghiên cứu này nhằm đánh giá hiện trạng xử lý chất thải tại các hộ chăn nuôi bò ở thành phố Cần Thơ và các tỉnh Trà Vinh, Sóc Trăng, Hậu Giang. Tổng số 120 hộ chăn nuôi đã được phỏng vấn cho thấy có 4 phương pháp xử lý chính để xử lý chất thải chăn nuôi phát sinh: ủ yếm khí (biogas), phơi khô và bán, trữ lại trong ao để sử dụng, và không xử lý. Tùy theo thời điểm trong năm người dân sẽ thay đổi cách thức xử lý chất thải chăn nuôi bò: vào mùa khô có nhiều nắng chủ yếu người dân phơi khô để bán (76,7%), để lại và sử dụng (10%), dùng để ủ biogas (5,8%), và không xử lý (7,5%); tuy nhiên vào mùa mưa hầu hết các hộ dân không xử lý chất thải chăn nuôi (94,2%), chỉ trừ những hộ dân đã có hầm ủ biogas để xử lý. Xử lý chất thải chăn nuôi bằng công nghệ biogas được áp dụng phổ biến ở các hộ nuôi bò sữa, chiếm 85,7% số hộ có hầm ủ biogas. Sự hiểu biết về công nghệ biogas của các hộ chăn nuôi còn khá giới hạn, chỉ 23,3% hộ dân được phỏng vấn biết về công nghệ biogas, 47,5% hộ biết ít về công nghệ này, trong khi 29,2% hộ dân hoàn toàn không biết. Dựa trên số lượng đàn bò thịt trong vùng khảo sát, có thể tính được lượng CH4 phát thải hàng năm từ chất thải chăn nuôi là 252,3 tấn, 61,4 tấn, 8,2 tấn và 2,5 tấn từ các địa phương Sóc Trăng, Trà Vinh, Cần Thơ, và Hậu Giang.
- Published
- 2018
30. Co-benefits from applying co-digester's bio-slurry to farming activities in the Mekong Delta
- Author
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Nguyen, Vo Chau Ngan, Hong, Minh Hoang, Phan, Ngoc Linh, Nguyen, Thu Nhat Linh, Pham, Cha My, Kieu, Thanh Nguyet, and Pham, Minh tri
- Subjects
anaerobic co-digestion, Leaf mustard plant ,the Mekong Delta ,Water hyacinth ,food and beverages ,VACB farming system ,Tilapia fish - Abstract
The Mekong Delta of Vietnam located in tropical monsoon area where produce such of agriculture plants and biomass sources. Due to temperatures are high all year round, water hyacinth is a highly biomass flora which was proof as a confidence source for biogas production. In the Mekong Delta, there were several studies on co-digestion water hyacinth and pig manure not only to produce more biogas but also to maintain the biogas plant in case no pig manure feeding. This investigation studied on applies the effluent from co-digester of pig manure and water hyacinth as organic fertilizer for Leaf mustard planting and as feeding for Tilapia fish growing. The results showed that the harvest yield of Leaf mustard fertilized by effluent from co-digester was 2.2 times higher in the treatment supplied with inorganic fertilizer. In addition to its contribution to higher yield of the plant, the effluent can remain more nutrients for soil layer, accelerate the flower formation that shortening cultivation time. For Tilapia fish culture, the experiments supplied with 50% bio-slurry + 50% commercial food produced the net production of fish of 43.81 and 51.92 kg.ha-1.day-1 in treatment of pig manure, of pig manure and water hyacinth, respectively. These growing rates were not significantly different to the treatment of fish culture with 100% commercial food. The results strongly confirm that the effluent from a co-digester of pig manure and water hyacinth is possible to use as organic fertilizers not only for vegetable planting but also for fish culture. By co-digestion, husbandry people could invest for a biogas system without any fearless on lack of pig manure feeding. This will bring a cobenefit on hygiene conditions to local communities due to less of husbandry waste freely discharge into open sources.
- Published
- 2015
31. Anaerobic co-digestion cow dung and corn stalk - effect of corn stalk pre-treated timing
- Author
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Nguyen, Le Phuong, primary, Lam, Thanh Ai, additional, Nguyen, Thi Diem Trang, additional, Nguyen, Huu Chiem, additional, and Nguyen, Vo Chau Ngan, additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. The potential of electricity generation from the major agricultural wastes in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam
- Author
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Nguyen, Vo Chau Ngan, primary, Nguyen, Thi Thuy, additional, and Nguyen, Le Phuong, additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Cow raising in the Mekong Delta - The current status of waste treatment and risk of greenhouse gas emissions
- Author
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Nguyen, Le Phuong, primary, Nguyen, Hong Tam, additional, Thach, Si Nuo, additional, and Nguyen, Vo Chau Ngan, additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Natural auxiliary coagulants - perspectives for the treatment of textile wastewater
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Dao, Minh Trung, Tran, Thi Thanh Ngoc, Nguyen, Thi Thao Tran, Ngo, Kim Dinh, and Nguyen, Vo Chau Ngan
- Subjects
Textile ,Wastewater ,business.industry ,Environmental science ,business ,Pulp and paper industry ,Natural (archaeology) - Abstract
Applying chemical coagulants and auxiliary coagulants in wastewater treatment has become more popular in Vietnam. Although the efficacy of chemical coagulants has been well recognized, there are disadvantages associated with the use of these products, such as the inefficiency at low temperatures, increasing the residual cation in solution, causing health problems and distribution water, relatively high cost, producing high volume of sludge. Thus, it is desirable to replace these chemical coagulants for products that do not generate such drawbacks, such as natural polymers. In this paper, the authors conducted experiments by using natural auxiliary coagulants extracted from seeds of Cassia fistula (gum MHY) and chemical polymer as auxiliary coagulation to treat textile wastewater with basic polluted parameters: pH = 9.0; COD = 800 mgO2/L, color = 750 Pt-Co. The Jartest experiment results showed that the process efficiency of chemical polymer and gum MHY is not so different, with the COD removal efficiencies of 60.3% and 59.7%; the color removal efficiencies of 87.3% and 87.1%; the SS removal efficiencies of 93.2% and 92.6%. There-fore, coagulants obtained from gum MHY can be applied as the alternatives for chemical polymer in the process of treating textile wastewater. Các ứng dụng chất keo tụ và chất trợ keo tụ hóa học trong xử lý nước thải ngày càng trở nên phổ biến tại Việt Nam. Mặc dù có nhiều ghi nhận về hiệu quả xử lý của chất keo tụ hóa học, phương pháp xử lý này vẫn tồn tại một số nhược điểm như hiệu suất xử lý thấp ở nhiệt độ thấp, nước thải sau khi xử lý còn chứa nhiều hóa chất tiếp tục làm ô nhiễm nguồn tiếp nhận, chi phí xử lý cao và tạo ra nhiều bùn thải. Do đó việc tìm kiếm một phương án xử lý thay thế, chẳng hạn sử dụng polymer tự nhiên, có thể khắc phục những nhược điểm này là rất cần thiết. Nghiên cứu này tiến hành đánh giá hiệu quả sử dụng chất trợ keo tụ sinh học ly trích từ hạt trái Muồng Hoàng yến (Cassia fistula) và chất trợ keo tụ hóa học để xử lý nước thải dệt nhuộm có các thông số ô nhiễm cơ bản: pH = 9,0; COD = 800 mgO2/L, độ màu = 750 Pt-Co. Các thí nghiệm trên bộ Jartest cho thấy hiệu quả xử lý nước thải dệt nhuộm của chất trợ keo tụ gum Muồng Hoàng yến và chất trợ keo tụ hóa học không khác biệt có ý nghĩa với hiệu suất xử lý COD lần lượt là 60,3 và 59,7%; hiệu suất xử lý độ màu là 87,3 và 87,1%; xử lý SS là 93,2 và 92,6%. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy gum hạt Muồng Hoàng yến có thể sử dụng làm chất trợ keo tụ thay thế chất trợ keo tụ hóa học trong xử lý ô nhiễm nước thải dệt nhuộm., Journal of Vietnamese Environment, Vol 8 No 3 (2016)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Enhancing biogas production by anaerobic co-digestion of water hyacinth and pig manure
- Author
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Tran, Sy Nam, Le, Ngoc Dieu Hong, Huynh, Van Thao, Nguyen, Huu Chiem, Le, Hoang Viet, Ingvorsen, Kjeld, and Nguyen, Vo Chau Ngan
- Subjects
Biogas ,biology ,Hyacinth ,Environmental science ,Co digestion ,biology.organism_classification ,Pulp and paper industry ,Manure ,Anaerobic exercise ,Biogas production - Abstract
The characteristics of anaerobic batch co-digestion of water hyacinth (WH) with pig manure (PM) under seven mixing ratio 100%WH; 80%WH : 20%PM; 60%WH : 40%PM; 50%WH : 50%PM; 40%WH : 60%PM; 20%WH : 80%PM and 100%PM were investigated, each treatment was conducted in five replications with daily loading rate at 1 gVS.L-1.day-1. During the anaerobic digestion process of 60 days, maximum biogas production occurred in two periods, the first stage from 12 - 22 days and second stage from 30 - 35 days. The maximum daily biogas productions from each stage were 17.2 L.day-1 and 15.1 L.day-1, respectively. The cumulative biogas production varied between 60 L (100%PM) and 360 L (60%WH : 40%PM). The results showed that the biogas yields of co-digestion 40 - 80%WH were higher from 34.6 to 56.1% in comparison with 100%PM and from 109 to 143% in comparison with 100%WH. When mixing with WH, treatments were received more methane and the methane contents were higher than 45% (v/v) that good for energy using purposes. Nghiên cứu được thực hiện nhằm khảo sát khả năng gia tăng lượng khí sinh học khi tiến hành đồng phân hủy yếm khí lục bình (WH) và phân heo (PM) ở các tỉ lệ phối trộn khác nhau gồm 100%WH; 80%WH : 20%PM; 60%WH : 40%PM; 50%WH : 50%PM; 40%WH : 60%PM; 20%WH : 80%PM và 100%PM. Các nghiệm thức được nạp lượng nguyên liệu là 1 gVS.L-1.ngày-1 và bố trí lặp lại 5 lần. Theo dõi quá trình phân hủy của các nghiệm thức trong 60 ngày ghi nhận có 2 khoảng thời gian lượng khí sản sinh nhiều nhất - giai đoạn 1 từ ngày 12 đến 22, giai đoạn 2 từ ngày 30 đến 35. Lượng khí sản sinh cao nhất tương ứng trong mỗi giai đoạn là 17.2 L.ngày-1 và 15.1 L.ngày-1. Lượng khí tích lũy trong suốt thời gian thí nghiệm ghi nhận thấp nhất ở nghiệm thức 100%PM đạt 60 L, và cao nhất ở nghiệm thức 60%WH : 40%PM đạt 360 L. Năng suất khí sinh ra của các nghiệm thức phối trộn lục bình từ 40 đến 80% cao hơn từ 34,6 đến 56,1% so với nghiệm thức 100%PM và cao hơn từ 109% đến 143% so với nghiệm thức 100%WH. Hàm lượng mê-tan sinh ra từ các nghiệm thức có phối trộn lục bình ổn định trong khoảng > 45% đảm bảo nhiệt lượng cho nhu cầu sử dụng năng lượng., Journal of Vietnamese Environment, Vol 8 No 3 (2016)
- Published
- 2017
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- View/download PDF
36. Factors Influencing the Adoption of Small-scale Biogas Digesters in Developing Countries – Empirical Evidence from Vietnam
- Author
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Nguyen Vo Chau Ngan, Tran Sy Nam, Ngo Thi Thanh Truc, and Jan Bentzen
- Subjects
Economic growth ,020209 energy ,Financial instrument ,Developing country ,Subsidy ,02 engineering and technology ,Investment (macroeconomics) ,small-scale biogas, developing countries, Mekong Delta, barriers for biogas adoption, survey data, logit model ,Agricultural economics ,Biogas ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Survey data collection ,Business ,Rural area ,Empirical evidence - Abstract
The use of small-scale biogas digesters among farmers and households in rural areas of developing countries is a well-known technology. The potential for biogas in these areas is probably much larger than presently exploited and therefore more knowledge on factors that may further the use of biogas is needed. The present study draws on data from two extensive surveys in the Mekong Delta with questionnaires of one hundred and two hundred respondents, respectively, and data collected from personal interviews in all cases. The empirical evidence shows that the technology is well known and if the purpose is to expand the use of biogas, financial instruments (like subsidies) are the most important to rely on. High investment costs are important for the biogas investment decision and subsequently information on the economic benefits of cheap biogas is an important topic to address.
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- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Effectiveness on color and COD of textile wastewater removing by biological material obtained from Cassia fistula seed
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Dao, Minh Trung, Le, Hung Anh, Nguyen, Thi Khanh Tuyen, and Nguyen, Vo Chau Ngan
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Flocculation ,Textile ,Waste management ,biology ,Chemistry ,business.industry ,Methyl blue ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,Cassis ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,Pulp and paper industry ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,020801 environmental engineering ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Wastewater ,Cassia ,Reagent ,Sewage treatment ,business ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Nowadays, natural polymeric materials extracted from plants are the new alternatives for synthetic chemicals in water and wastewater treatment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the ability of Cassia fistula seed gum (CFG) as a coagulant aid with PAC in the treatment of textile wastewater. Jartest experiments were carried out to identify the optimal parameters of coagulation-flocculation for removing color and COD in synthesis wastewater containing Methyl blue and RB21 dyes, including pH, settling time, PAC dose, the optimal CFG dosage in comparing with the cationic polymer. After that, actual textile wastewater was treated by using PAC, PAC plus cationic polymer, and PAC plus CFG for evaluating the role of CFG. CFG supplementation has assisted the process effects at nearly 98% color, 85% COD for RB21 and 90% color, 70% COD for MB at the best dose of CFG 0.15 mL and 0.1 mL, respectively. The optimized parameters for the coagulation of real textile wastewater using PAC were pH = 6 and dose = 0.6 mL can removal 66% of color. By adding CFG to PAC, the efficient of treatment was increased about 70% even at the lower dosage of PAC and CFG (0.5 mL for each reagent). The yield of combining PAC and polymer was a little bit lower than PAC and CFG, for instant 68% color was decreased at the same condition. These achievements demonstrated a workable substitute of natural products such as Cassis fistula seed gum for synthetic chemical products in coagulation-flocculation process. Hiện nay các loại vật liệu sinh học chiết xuất từ thực vật đang được nghiên cứu ứng dụng trong xử lý nước và nước thải thay cho các chất hóa học. Mục tiêu của nghiên cứu này là đánh giá hiệu quả của việc sử dụng gum được chiết xuất từ hạt cây Muồng Hoàng Yến (MHY) làm chất trợ keo tụ trong xử lý nước thải dệt nhuộm. Thí nghiệm Jartest được tiến hành nhằm xác định các điều kiện tối ưu cho quá trình xử lý nước thải tổng hợp chứa thuốc nhuộm Methyle Blue (MB) và RB21 bao gồm pH, thời gian lắng, liều PAC, liều gum MHY và liều polymer. Sau đó tiến hành xử lý nước thải thật với các điều kiện thích hợp đã xác định nhằm đánh giá vai trò của gum MHY. Gum MHY làm tăng hiệu quả của quá trình xử lý, đạt gần 98% đối với độ màu, 85% COD đối với RB21, 90% độ màu và 70% COD đối với MB với liều lượng tương ứng là 0,15 mL và 0,1 mL. Các thông số tối ưu cho quá trình xử lý trên mẫu nước thải thật là pH = 6, liều PAC = 0.6 mL có thể làm giảm 66% độ màu. Bổ sung gum MHY làm chất trợ keo tụ giúp gia tăng hiệu quả xử lý màu lên 70% dù với liều lượng rất thấp là 0,5 mL. Hiệu suất xử lý khi sử dụng kết hợp PAC và polymer thấp hơn trong trường hợp sử dụng PAC và gum MHY, cụ thể khoảng 68% độ màu được xử lý ở cùng một điều kiện. Những kết quả này cho thấy tiềm năng của việc sử dụng các vật liệu gum tự nhiên nhằm thay thế cho các hợp chất hóa học trong các quá trình keo tụ tạo bông để xử lý nước thải., Journal of Vietnamese Environment, Vol 8 No 2 (2016)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Enhancing biogas production by anaerobic codigestion of water hyacinth and pig manure
- Author
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Tran, Sy Nam, Le, Ngoc Dieu Hong, Huynh, Van Thao, Nguyen, Huu Chiem, Le, Hoang Viet, Ingvorsen, Kjeld, and Nguyen, Vo Chau Ngan
- Subjects
ddc:363.7 ,batch anaerobic co-digestion, biogas, mixing ratios, pig manure, water hyacinth ,anaerobe Gemenge, Biogas, Mischungsverhältnisse, Schweinemist, Wasserhyazinthe - Abstract
The characteristics of anaerobic batch co-digestion of water hyacinth (WH) with pig manure (PM) under seven mixing ratio 100%WH; 80%WH : 20%PM; 60%WH : 40%PM; 50%WH : 50%PM; 40%WH : 60%PM; 20%WH : 80%PM and 100%PM were investigated, each treatment was conducted in five replications with daily loading rate at 1 gVS.L-1.day-1. During the anaerobic digestion process of 60 days, maximum biogas production occurred in two periods, the first stage from 12- 22 days and second stage from 30 - 35 days. The maximum daily biogas productions from each stage were 17.2 L.day-1 and 15.1 L.day-1, respectively. The cumulative biogas production varied between 60 L (100%PM) and 360 L (60%WH : 40%PM). The results showed that the biogas yields of co-digestion 40- 80%WH were higher from 34.6 to 56.1% in comparison with 100%PM and from 109 to 143% in comparison with 100%WH. When mixing with WH, treatments were received more methane and the methane contents were higher than 45% (v/v) that good for energy using purposes. Nghiên cứu được thực hiện nhằm khảo sát khả năng gia tăng lượng khí sinh học khi tiến hành đồng phân hủy yếm khí lục bình (WH) và phân heo (PM) ở các tỉ lệ phối trộn khác nhau gồm 100%WH; 80%WH : 20%PM; 60%WH : 40%PM; 50%WH : 50%PM; 40%WH : 60%PM; 20%WH : 80%PM và 100%PM. Các nghiệm thức được nạp lượng nguyên liệu là 1 gVS.L-1.ngày-1 và bố trí lặp lại 5 lần. Theo dõi quá trình phân hủy của các nghiệm thức trong 60 ngày ghi nhận có 2 khoảng thời gian lượng khí sản sinh nhiều nhất - giai đoạn 1 từ ngày 12 đến 22, giai đoạn 2 từ ngày 30 đến 35. Lượng khí sản sinh cao nhất tương ứng trong mỗi giai đoạn là 17.2 L.ngày-1 và 15.1 L.ngày-1. Lượng khí tích lũy trong suốt thời gian thí nghiệm ghi nhận thấp nhất ở nghiệm thức 100%PM đạt 60 L, và cao nhất ở nghiệm thức 60%WH : 40%PM đạt 360 L. Năng suất khí sinh ra của các nghiệm thức phối trộn lục bình từ 40 đến 80% cao hơn từ 34,6 đến 56,1% so với nghiệm thức 100%PM và cao hơn từ 109% đến 143% so với nghiệm thức 100%WH. Hàm lượng mê-tan sinh ra từ các nghiệm thức có phối trộn lục bình ổn định trong khoảng > 45% đảm bảo nhiệt lượng cho nhu cầu sử dụng năng lượng.
- Published
- 2016
39. Natural auxiliary coagulants - perspectives for the treatment of textile wastewater
- Author
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Dao, Minh Trung, Tran, Thi Thanh Ngoc, Nguyen, Thi Thao Tran, Ngo, Kim Dinh, and Nguyen, Vo Chau Ngan
- Subjects
ddc:363.7 ,biological coagulant, cassia fistula seed, chemical coagulant, textile wastewater ,biologisches Gerinnungsmittel, Kassia-Fistelsamen, chemisches Gerinnungsmittel, Textilabwasser - Abstract
Applying chemical coagulants and auxiliary coagulants in wastewater treatment has become more popular in Vietnam. Although the efficacy of chemical coagulants has been well recognized, there are disadvantages associated with the use of these products, such as the inefficiency at low temperatures, increasing the residual cation in solution, causing health problems and distribution water, relatively high cost, producing high volume of sludge. Thus, it is desirable to replace these chemical coagulants for products that do not generate such drawbacks, such as natural polymers. In this paper, the authors conducted experiments by using natural auxiliary coagulants extracted from seeds of Cassia fistula (gum MHY) and chemical polymer as auxiliary coagulation to treat textile wastewater with basic polluted parameters: pH = 9.0; COD = 800 mgO2/L, color = 750 Pt-Co. The Jartest experiment results showed that the process efficiency of chemical polymer and gum MHY is not so different, with the COD removal efficiencies of 60.3% and 59.7%; the color removal efficiencies of 87.3% and 87.1%; the SS removal efficiencies of 93.2% and 92.6%. There-fore, coagulants obtained from gum MHY can be applied as the alternatives for chemical polymer in the process of treating textile wastewater. Các ứng dụng chất keo tụ và chất trợ keo tụ hóa học trong xử lý nước thải ngày càng trở nên phổ biến tại Việt Nam. Mặc dù có nhiều ghi nhận về hiệu quả xử lý của chất keo tụ hóa học, phương pháp xử lý này vẫn tồn tại một số nhược điểm như hiệu suất xử lý thấp ở nhiệt độ thấp, nước thải sau khi xử lý còn chứa nhiều hóa chất tiếp tục làm ô nhiễm nguồn tiếp nhận, chi phí xử lý cao và tạo ra nhiều bùn thải. Do đó việc tìm kiếm một phương án xử lý thay thế, chẳng hạn sử dụng polymer tự nhiên, có thể khắc phục những nhược điểm này là rất cần thiết. Nghiên cứu này tiến hành đánh giá hiệu quả sử dụng chất trợ keo tụ sinh học ly trích từ hạt trái Muồng Hoàng yến (Cassia fistula) và chất trợ keo tụ hóa học để xử lý nước thải dệt nhuộm có các thông số ô nhiễm cơ bản: pH = 9,0; COD = 800 mgO2/L, độ màu = 750 Pt-Co. Các thí nghiệm trên bộ Jartest cho thấy hiệu quả xử lý nước thải dệt nhuộm của chất trợ keo tụ gum Muồng Hoàng yến và chất trợ keo tụ hóa học không khác biệt có ý nghĩa với hiệu suất xử lý COD lần lượt là 60,3 và 59,7%; hiệu suất xử lý độ màu là 87,3 và 87,1%; xử lý SS là 93,2 và 92,6%. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy gum hạt Muồng Hoàng yến có thể sử dụng làm chất trợ keo tụ thay thế chất trợ keo tụ hóa học trong xử lý ô nhiễm nước thải dệt nhuộm.
- Published
- 2016
40. Enhancing biogas production by anaerobic co-digestion of water hyacinth and pig manure
- Author
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Tran, Sy Nam, primary, Le, Ngoc Dieu Hong, additional, Huynh, Van Thao, additional, Nguyen, Huu Chiem, additional, Le, Hoang Viet, additional, Ingvorsen, Kjeld, additional, and Nguyen, Vo Chau Ngan, additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Natural auxiliary coagulants - perspectives for the treatment of textile wastewater
- Author
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Dao, Minh Trung, primary, Tran, Thi Thanh Ngoc, additional, Nguyen, Thi Thao Tran, additional, Ngo, Kim Dinh, additional, and Nguyen, Vo Chau Ngan, additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Effectiveness on color and COD of textile wastewater removing by biological material obtained from Cassia fistula seed
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Dao, Minh Trung, primary, Le, Hung Anh, additional, Nguyen, Thi Khanh Tuyen, additional, and Nguyen, Vo Chau Ngan, additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Vietnam through Introduction of a Proper Technical Support System for Domestic Biogas Digesters
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Nguyen Vo Chau Ngan, Eiji Matsubara, Taro Izumi, Duong T. Dung, Nguyen Huu Chiem, and Yoshiro Higano
- Subjects
Waste management ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,020209 energy ,Geography, Planning and Development ,02 engineering and technology ,Biodegradable waste ,Development ,Methane ,Clean Development Mechanism ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Biogas ,Agronomy ,chemistry ,Agriculture ,Greenhouse gas ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Environmental science ,Leakage (economics) ,Tonne ,business ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
A domestic biogas digester (BD) is a household-sized system that produces biogas from organic waste under anaerobic conditions. By substituting conventional cooking fuel with biogas, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions can be reduced. In addition, improved livestock manure management from use of the BD system can lead to further GHG emission reductions. However, because the main component of biogas is methane (CH4), with 25 times the global warming potential of carbon dioxide (CO2), leakage of biogas from the BD system can counteract the benefits of this system. Thick vinyl-type BDs were introduced to farming households in a rural area of Vietnam’s Mekong Delta in an effort to reduce GHG emissions as a Clean Development Mechanism project. In this project, selected farmers were trained as Key Farmers (KFs). These farmers acquired knowledge about appropriate techniques relating to the BD system and provided technical support to households. Then, biogas usage was monitored in the households where the BD technology was installed. The average proportion of operational BDs reached as high as 92.3%. Therefore, the technical support system provided by the KFs was regarded as practical and effective. Additionally, leakage of biogas from the BD systems was monitored. The average leakage was estimated at 8% of the produced biogas. Including emission reductions from improved livestock manure management, the total GHG emission reductions from the introduction of BD systems was calculated as 2.95 tonnes of CO2 per year per household. Overall, the emission reduction effects can only be achieved with appropriate installation, operation, and maintenance of the BD systems.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Energy recovery from anaerobic co-digestion with pig manure and spent mushroom compost in the Mekong Delta: Research article
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Nguyen, Vo Chau Ngan, Fricke, Klaus, Can Tho University, and Technische Universität Braunschweig
- Subjects
ddc:363 ,anaerobic co-digestion, batch treatment, semi-continuous treatment, spent mushroom compost - Abstract
This study aimed at seeking for the solution to recover the energy from agriculture waste in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. The spent mushroom compost - a residue from the mushroom growing - was chosen for co-digestion with pig manure in anaerobic batch and semi-continuous experiments. The results showed that in case of spent mushroom compost made up 75% of the mixed substrate, the gained biogas volume was not significantly different compared to the treatment fed solely with 100% pig manure. The average produced biogas was 4.1 L×day-1 in the experimental conditions. The semi-continuous experiments remained in good operation up to the 90th day of the fermentation without any special agitating method application. The methane contents in both experiments were around 60%, which was significantly suitable for energy purposes. These results confirm that spent mushroom compost is possibly an acceptable material for energy recovery in the anaerobic fermentation process. Nghiên cứu này nhằm tìm kiếm giải pháp thu hồi năng lượng từ chất thải nông nghiệp tại ĐBSCL, Việt Nam. Rơm sau ủ nấm - phế phẩm sau khi trồng nấm rơm - được chọn để ủ kết hợp với phân heo trong các bộ ủ yếm khí theo mẻ và bán liên tục. Kết quả cho thấy nếu phối trộn đến 75% rơm sau ủ nấm trong nguyên liệu ủ, tổng lượng khí thu được không khác biệt đáng kể so với thí nghiệm ủ 100% phân heo. Trong điều kiện thí nghiệm, lượng khí thu được trung bình là 4.1 L.ngày-1. Thí nghiệm ủ bán liên tục vẫn vận hành tốt ở ngày thứ 90 mặc dù mẻ ủ không được khuấy đảo. Hàm lượng khí mê-tan đo được chiếm khoảng 60% hoàn toàn có thể sử dụng cho các nhu cầu về năng lượng. Những kết quả thí nghiệm khẳng định có thể sử dụng rơm sau ủ nấm để thu hồi năng lượng thông qua quá trình ủ yếm khí kết hợp.
- Published
- 2012
45. Pollution minimizing at traditional craft village by micro-credit program - case study from Tan Phu Dong rice flour production village: Event report
- Author
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Nguyen, Vo Chau Ngan, Huynh, Thi Ngoc Luu, Le, Hoang Viet, Do, Ngoc Quynh, Nguyen, Ngoc Em, Can Tho University, and Cantho University
- Subjects
ddc:363 ,micro-credit, rice powder production, TG-BP biogas plant, Tan Phu Dong craft village, waste management, wastewater and sanitation, EVN - Abstract
This paper introduces the results of a project initiated by Cantho University (CTU) on the introduction of micro-credits for addressing the environmental pollution in Vietnam’s craft villages. At Tan Phu Dong, a traditional rice powder production village in Sa Dec, Dong Thap, all wastes from domestic and production activities and animal husbandry were freely disposed into open water sources. This practice led to a negative impact on the local environment. With the financial support provided by the Bread for the World (BfdW), a micro-credit program was initiated in which farmers could borrow money to construct a biogas plant to treat animal husbandry and domestic wastes. In addition, the staff transferred biogas plant construction technology to the local masons and organized training courses on biogas plant operation and maintenance and biogas usage for the farmers and the local officials. 61 farmers borrowed money from the program to construct their biogas plants, followed by more than 250 farmers that constructed their biogas plants by their own finance after realizing the positive benefits of biogas plants. As result, the environmental pollution issue was solved step-by-step, thereby helping enhance the living conditions of the local community. Bài báo này trình bày biện pháp sử dụng nguồn quỹ tín dụng nhỏ để các hộ dân cải thiện tình trạng ô nhiễm môi trường ở các làng nghề Việt Nam. Tại làng nghề làm bột Tân Phú Đông - Sa Đéc - Đồng Tháp, các loại chất thải sinh hoạt, chất thải sản xuất và chăn nuôi xả thải bừa bãi đã gây ô nhiễm môi trường nghiêm trọng. Với kinh phí tài trợ từ tổ chức Bánh mỳ cho thế giới (BfdW), các cán bộ trường Đại học Cần Thơ đã tổ chức cho người dân luân phiên vay vốn để xây dựng hầm ủ khí sinh học xử lý chất thải chăn nuôi và chất thải sinh hoạt. Bên cạnh đó còn tổ chức các lớp tập huấn chuyển giao công nghệ xây hầm ủ khí sinh học cho thợ xây địa phương, hướng dẫn vận hành và bảo dưỡng hầm ủ cho người dân và cán bộ địa phương. Thông qua nguồn vốn vay của dự án, có 61 hộ dân đã xây dựng hầm ủ khí sinh học và trên 250 hộ dân khác đã tự đầu tư xây dựng khi thấy được lợi ích của hầm ủ. Nhờ đó tình trạng ô nhiễm môi trường từng bước được giải quyết góp phần cải thiện điều kiện sống của người dân tại địa phương.
- Published
- 2012
46. Review on the most popular anaerobic digester models in the Mekong Delta: Review paper
- Author
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Nguyen, Vo Chau Ngan, Phan, Trung Hieu, and Vo, Hoang Nam
- Subjects
anaerobic digesters, anaerobic process, Mekong Delta, VACB farming system ,ddc:665 - Abstract
In Vietnam, the research and application of biogas technology were given a considerable attention in past 30 years. There is several biogas plant models apply in the suburban and rural areas where most people’s life is based on animal husbandry. Each biogas plant model own strong points or weakness that adapt to detail circumstances. The biogas plants play a key role within the VACB farming system especially in the Mekong Delta where produce more than 50% of yearly national agriculture production. This paper gives a comprehensive overview on the popular biogas models in the Mekong Delta through its development history. Knowing on the presented biogas technology in the Mekong Delta will lead the biogas-related organizations or private on biogas development at this region. Ở Việt Nam việc nghiên cứu và ứng dụng công nghệ khí sinh học đã được chú ý trong 30 năm gần đây. Một số mô hình khí sinh học đã và đang được lắp đặt tại các vùng ngoại ô và nông thôn là những nơi tập trung nhiều hộ dân chăn nuôi heo. Có nhiều mô hình khí sinh học đã được triển khai, trong đó mỗi mô hình đều có những điểm mạnh và điểm yếu đáp ứng theo từng yêu cầu cụ thể. Ở ĐBSCL nơi sản xuất trên 50% sản lượng nông nghiệp của cả nước, hầm ủ khí sinh học đóng một vai trò quan trọng trong mô hình canh tác VACB. Bài báo này trình bày chi tiết các kiểu hầm ủ khí sinh học phổ biến tại ĐBSCL tương ứng với từng thời điểm phát triển của công nghệ này. Sự hiểu biết về các kiểu hầm ủ khí sinh học hiện tại ở ĐBSCL sẽ giúp các tổ chức hoặc cá nhân có liên quan trong việc định hướng phát triển công nghệ khí sinh học cho toàn vùng.
- Published
- 2012
47. Energy recovery from anaerobic co-digestion with pig manure and spent mushroom compost in the Mekong Delta
- Author
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Nguyen, Vo Chau Ngan and Fricke, Klaus
- Subjects
Mushroom ,Energy recovery ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Agronomy ,chemistry ,Biogas ,Environmental science ,Fermentation ,Spent mushroom compost ,Pulp and paper industry ,Manure ,Anaerobic exercise ,Methane - Abstract
This study aimed at seeking for the solution to recover the energy from agriculture waste in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. The spent mushroom compost - a residue from the mushroom growing - was chosen for co-digestion with pig manure in anaerobic batch and semi-continuous experiments. The results showed that in case of spent mushroom compost made up 75% of the mixed substrate, the gained biogas volume was not significantly different compared to the treatment fed solely with 100% pig manure. The average produced biogas was 4.1 L×day-1 in the experimental conditions. The semi-continuous experiments remained in good operation up to the 90th day of the fermentation without any special agitating method application. The methane contents in both experiments were around 60%, which was significantly suitable for energy purposes. These results confirm that spent mushroom compost is possibly an acceptable material for energy recovery in the anaerobic fermentation process. Nghiên cứu này nhằm tìm kiếm giải pháp thu hồi năng lượng từ chất thải nông nghiệp tại ĐBSCL, Việt Nam. Rơm sau ủ nấm -phế phẩm sau khi trồng nấm rơm -được chọn để ủ kết hợp với phân heo trong các bộ ủ yếm khí theo mẻ và bán liên tục. Kết quả cho thấy nếu phối trộn đến 75% rơm sau ủ nấm trong nguyên liệu ủ, tổng lượng khí thu được không khác biệt đáng kể so với thí nghiệm ủ 100% phân heo. Trong điều kiện thí nghiệm, lượng khí thu được trung bình là 4.1 L.ngày-1. Thí nghiệm ủ bán liên tục vẫn vận hành tốt ở ngày thứ 90 mặc dù mẻ ủ không được khuấy đảo. Hàm lượng khí mê-tan đo được chiếm khoảng 60% hoàn toàn cóthể sử dụng cho các nhu cầu về năng lượng. Những kết quả thí nghiệm khẳng định có thể sử dụng rơm sau ủ nấm để thu hồi năng lượng thông qua quá trình ủ yếm khí kết hợp., Journal of Vietnamese Environment, Vol 3 No 1 (2012)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Pollution minimizing at traditional craft village by micro-credit program - case study from Tan Phu Dong rice powder production village
- Author
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Nguyen, Vo Chau Ngan, Huynh, Thi Ngoc Luu, Le, Hoang Viet, Do, Ngoc Quynh, and Nguyen, Ngoc Em
- Subjects
Pollution ,Engineering ,Waste management ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Environmental pollution ,Animal husbandry ,Local community ,Craft ,Agricultural science ,Biogas ,Production (economics) ,Micro credit ,business ,media_common - Abstract
This paper introduces the results of a project initiated by Cantho University (CTU) on the introduction of micro-credits for addressing the environmental pollution in Vietnam’s craft villages. At Tan Phu Dong, a traditional rice powder production village in Sa Dec, Dong Thap, all wastes from domestic and production activities and animal husbandry were freely disposed into open water sources. This practice led to a negative impact on the local environment. With the financial support provided by the Bread for the World (BfdW), a micro-credit program was initiated in which farmers could borrow money to construct a biogas plant to treat animal husbandry and domestic wastes. In addition, the staff transferred biogas plant construction technology to the local masons and organized training courses on biogas plant operation and maintenance and biogas usage for the farmers and the local officials. 61 farmers borrowed money from the program to construct their biogas plants, followed by more than 250 farmers that constructed their biogas plants by their own finance after realizing the positive benefits of biogas plants. As result, the environmental pollution issue was solved step-by-step, thereby helping enhance the living conditions of the local community. Bài báo này trình bày biện pháp sử dụng nguồn quỹ tín dụng nhỏ để các hộ dân cải thiện tình trạng ô nhiễm môi trường ở các làng nghề Việt Nam. Tại làng nghề làm bột Tân Phú Đông -Sa Đéc -Đồng Tháp,các loại chất thải sinh hoạt, chất thải sản xuất và chăn nuôi xả thải bừa bãi đã gây ônhiễm môi trường nghiêm trọng. Với kinh phí tài trợ từ tổ chức Bánh mỳ cho thế giới (BfdW), các cán bộ trường Đại học Cần Thơ đã tổ chức cho người dân luân phiên vay vốn để xây dựng hầm ủ khí sinh học xử lý chất thải chăn nuôi và chất thảisinh hoạt. Bên cạnh đó còn tổ chức các lớp tập huấn chuyển giao công nghệ xây hầm ủ khí sinh học cho thợ xây địa phương, hướng dẫn vận hành và bảo dưỡng hầm ủ cho người dân và cán bộ địa phương. Thông qua nguồn vốn vay của dự án, có 61 hộ dân đã xây dựng hầm ủ khí sinh học và trên 250 hộ dân khác đã tự đầu tư xây dựng khi thấy được lợi ích của hầm ủ. Nhờ đó tình trạng ô nhiễm môi trường từng bước được giải quyết góp phần cải thiện điều kiện sống của người dân tại địa phương., Journal of Vietnamese Environment, Vol 2 No 2 (2012)
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- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Small-scale anaerobic digesters in Vietnam - development and challenges: Review Paper
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Nguyen, Vo Chau Ngan
- Subjects
ddc:363 ,biogas plant, waste management, renewable energy, aerobic digester, Vietnam - Abstract
Small-scale anaerobic digesters, known as biogas plants, were applied as an optimal livestock waste treatment as well as biogas supply for cooking and lighting demand for small-scale farmers in Vietnam. Although the biogas technology was introduced for nearly 30 years, the number of the constructed biogas plants is still limited. The current development of biogas plants is far below the real demand on livestock waste treatment that has increased significantly. This paper gives a comprehensive overview on the biogas plant development in Vietnam and attempts to address the challenges and discuss appropriate solutions for the further biogas development. Mô hình lên men yếm khí quy mô nhỏ (được biết với tên hầm ủ khí sinh học) đã được ứng dụng hiệu quả trong xử lý chất thải chăn nuôi cũng như cung cấp nguồn nhiên liệu phục vụ nhu cầu nấu ăn và thắp sáng cho các hộ chăn nuôi nhỏ ở Việt Nam. Mặc dù đã hiện diện gần 30 năm, nhưng số lượng hầm ủ khí sinh học vẫn còn hạn chế. Sự gia tăng số lượng hầm ủ khí sinh học chưa theo kịp với nhu cầu về xử lý chất thải chăn nuôi đang ngày càng gia tăng. Bài báo trình bày các chặng đường phát triển của hầm ủ khí sinh học tại Việt Nam, ghi nhận các thách thức trong việc nhân rộng hầm ủ khí sinh học trong thực tế và thảo luận một số giải pháp để phát triển công nghệ khí sinh học.
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- 2012
50. Förderung der Anwendung von Biogasanlagen im Mekong-Delta in Vietnam
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Nguyen, Vo-Chau-Ngan and Fricke, Klaus
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doctoral thesis ,ddc:66 ,ddc:660 ,ddc:6 - Abstract
The study focuses on waste management in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam (MD) through the application of biogas plants to livestock and agricultural waste treatment. The MD accounts for more than 50% of the national aqua-agricultural production in which livestock sector contributes more than 20% of agricultural growth. The livestock sector, however, has been attributed to the environmental problems in the rural MD where the water from the canal network is used as main water supply sources for more than 60% of the local communities. To solve this problem, biogas technology has been applied as an environmentally-friendly treatment for animal and human wastes in the MD since the 1980s. Nevertheless, the number of the existing biogas plants is below the actual local demand on livestock waste treatment due to some impediments such as high investment cost, shortage of input to biogas plants, and limited application of by-products from biogas plants. In an attempt to seek for possible solutions to promote the widespread application of biogas plants in the MD to help improve the sanitary condition of the local communities, our research found water hyacinth and spent mushroom compost, the two local materials, highly potential for using as additional inputs for co-digesters in case of shortage of main biogas plant inputs. In addition, our finding shows that the bio-slurry of the co-digesters could be applied positively to vegetable planting and fish growing, thereby helping farmers generate more income and be engaged in sustainable farming. A new model of biogas plants was also successfully developed and tested in the real local conditions with acceptable investment cost but high treatment efficiency. The findings of our study give more scientific evidence on the benefits of biogas plants to local communities and contribute to the promotion of large-scale application of biogas plants in particularly the rural MD., Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Nutzung von Biogasanlagen zur Verwertung von tierischen und landwirtschaftlichen Abfällen im Mekong-Delta (MD) in Vietnam. Im MD werden mehr als 50% der agrarwirtschaftlichen Erzeugnisse Vietnams produziert, davon sind 20% der Viehwirtschaft zuzuordnen. Die stetig zunehmende Viehhaltung im MD führt jedoch zu großen ökologischen Problemen in den ländlichen Gebieten, insbesondere in Gemeinden, in denen Oberflächenwasser aus dem MD direkt zur Wasserversorgung genutzt wird. Um dieses Problem zu lösen, wurde die Biogas-Technologie bereits in den 1980er Jahren zur umweltfreundlichen Behandlung von Agrarabfällen im MD eingeführt. Dennoch ist die Zahl der errichteten Biogasanlagen im Vergleich zum tatsächlichen Bedarf aufgrund von Investitionskosten, Mangel an geeignetem Substrat und der begrenzten Nutzungs-möglichkeit von Gärresten gering. Deshalb wurde angestrebt, eine geeignete Lösung für die Verbreitung von Biogasanlagen im MD zu finden, die zudem die sanitäre Situation im MD verbessert. Bei dem Bestreben lokal verfügbare Materialien als Substrate für die Biogasanlagen zu verwenden, wurden aufgrund ihrer hohen Biogaspotenziale und ihrer regionalen Verfügbarkeit Wasserhyazinthen (WH) und Pilzkompost (SMC) ausgewählt. Diese Zuschlagstoffe (WH und SMC) haben zudem nach der Co-Vergärung einen positiven Effekt auf den landwirtschaftlichen Anbau und die Aquakultur, sie verhelfen Landwirten zu höheren Einkommen und sensibilisieren sie für eine nachhaltige Landwirtschaft. Die im Rahmen dieser Arbeit entwickelte Biogasanlage konnte unter den Randbedingungen des MD erfolgreich getestet und eine hohe Behandlungseffektivität bei gleichzeitig akzeptablen Kosten festgestellt werden. Der ökonomische und ökologische Nutzen des Einsatzes von Biogasanlagen in den Gemeinden konnte durch die wissenschaftlichen Untersuchungen untermauert werden und eine großflächige Verbreitung in den ländlichen Gebieten des MD wird angestrebt.
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- 2012
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