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This paper investigates the effect of asset-liability management on the profitability of listed commercial banks in Vietnam, analyzing annual data from 2013 to 2023. The study uses VIF tests, Heteroskedasticity tests, Model Specification tests, and the Generalized Least Squares (GLS) model with the Modified Wald test to examine the data. The results reveal a positive correlation between bank asset management and annual GDP growth with profitability. Conversely, liability management and the year-on-year growth rate of total assets negatively impact profitability. Specifically, factors such as loans and advances, investments in securities on the asset side, and deposits and borrowings from other credit institutions, along with customer deposits on the liability side, are significant. Lending activities, in particular, are identified as key drivers of financial performance in the Vietnamese banking sector. However, the minimal impact of investment securities on profitability raises questions, given their traditionally significant role in banking profitability strategies globally. The study also highlights the negative effects of certain liabilities on bank profitability, stressing the need for careful liability management for banks in Vietnam. While GDP growth is generally linked with economic prosperity and financial sector growth, its impact on bank profitability in Vietnam appears limited, suggesting that other factors might play a more significant role.

Purpose: Co-composting of mango by-products and biogas solid residue eliminates some shortcomings of composting these wastes separately. Specifically, co-composing solves the problem of the low pH values in mango by-products while enhances biodegradable organic matter of biogas solid residues. However, no research report is available on co-composting of mango by-products (MB) and biogas solid residue (BR). Method: This study established three in-vessel lab-scale composting bins with 3 different C/N ratios, including Bin 1: 27.4/1 (156 kg MB + 144 kg BR); Bin 2: 30.23/1 (193 kg MB + 107 kg BR); and Bin 3: 37.7/1 (224 kg MB + 76 kg BR). The raw compost materials underwent 57 days of incubation, including 36 days of raw incubation and 21 days of mineralization. Results: Bin 3 containing larger amounts of mango by-products and less amounts of biogas residue showed a higher percentage of remaining carbon in the final products (17.97%), lower nitrogen loss (17%), and showed 0.5% increase in available P2O5 content, compared to the other bins. From 300 kg of initial raw material, the final compost mass in Bin 1, Bin 2, and Bin 3 were 26.2 kg, 32.7 kg, and 88.1 kg, respectively. Conclusion: Resultantly, an initial C/N ratio of 37.7/1 could be suggested in the aerobic co-composting of biogas residue with mango by-products. Research Highlights · Co-composting of mango by-products and biogas solid residue eliminates some of the weaknesses of composting these wastes separately. · The incubation period determined was 57 days of incubation, including 36 days of raw incubation and 21 days of mineralization. · Among three C/N ratios surveyed, the highest C/N in bin 3 (C/N=37.7/1) showed the best-favoured condition for mango by-products treatment and generate the highest amount of compost product. · Bin 3 showed the highest percentage of remaining carbon in compost products (17.97%), a lower in nitrogen loss (17%), and 0.5% increase in available P2O5 content.

Abstract In this work, we present the results of the ortho-positronium (o-Ps) annihilation lifetimes and nitrogen adsorption measurements for different porous materials and an approach for describing the annihilation of o-Ps in a pore, which results in a surface-volume formula (SVF) for calculating the pore-related o-Ps lifetime. This proposed formula gives the relationship between the o-Ps annihilation rate and the effective pore radius, bulk composition, and pore structure, including pore geometry and topology. The pore-related o-Ps lifetimes of different materials calculated by the SVF are consistent with experimental results for both micro- and mesopores (and macropores) with different geometries and topologies. The SVF is convenient for calculations of pore dimensions for many cases of metal organic frameworks and zeolites. This approach enables us to fully explain the temperature dependence of the o-Ps annihilation lifetime over a wide temperature range, 20–700 K.

Abstract Regardless of the overwhelming use of next-generation sequencing technologies, microarray-based genotyping combined with the imputation of untyped variants remains a cost-effective means to interrogate genetic variations across the human genome. This technology is widely used in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) at bio-bank scales, and more recently, in polygenic score (PGS) analysis to predict and stratify disease risk. Over the last decade, human genotyping arrays have undergone a tremendous growth in both number and content making a comprehensive evaluation of their performances became more important. Here, we performed a comprehensive performance assessment for 23 available human genotyping arrays in 6 ancestry groups using diverse public and in-house datasets. The analyses focus on performance estimation of derived imputation (in terms of accuracy and coverage) and PGS (in terms of concordance to PGS estimated from whole-genome sequencing data) in three different traits and diseases. We found that the arrays with a higher number of SNPs are not necessarily the ones with higher imputation performance, but the arrays that are well-optimized for the targeted population could provide very good imputation performance. In addition, PGS estimated by imputed SNP array data is highly correlated to PGS estimated by whole-genome sequencing data in most cases. When optimal arrays are used, the correlations of PGS between two types of data are higher than 0.97, but interestingly, arrays with high density can result in lower PGS performance. Our results suggest the importance of properly selecting a suitable genotyping array for PGS applications. Finally, we developed a web tool that provides interactive analyses of tag SNP contents and imputation performance based on population and genomic regions of interest. This study would act as a practical guide for researchers to design their genotyping arrays-based studies. The tool is available at: https://genome.vinbigdata.org/tools/saa/ .

Gout is a common form of inflammatory arthritis that is strongly associated with elevated uric acid concentration in the blood. The development of the disease is not only triggered by environmental factors but also genetic variations. Previous studies demonstrated that the genetic associations with gout vary in different populations in the world. This study aimed to identify the relationship between SLC2A9 rs3733591 and gout susceptibility in the Vietnamese population. Total DNAs were extracted from 481 blood samples including 160 patients with gout and 321 age-matched healthy controls. The genotyping of SLC2A9 rs3733591 was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Chi-squared test was used to test whether the genotypes frequencies of rs3733591 follow Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) and to check its association with gout in three models (additive, recessive, dominant) and allele form. The result showed that SLC2A9 rs3733591 was in agreement with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p>0.05). However, there was no association between the rs3733591 and gout in any tested models (p>0.05). This study will contribute to the genetic study of gout susceptibility in Vietnam.

Abstract We present a homozygous missense mutation in the COL7A1 gene (NM_000094.4: c.6262G>A, p.G2088R) in a case of inversa recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB-I) from a nonconsanguineous Vietnamese family. Although a heterozygous form of this mutation in combination with a premature termination codon allele has been shown to cause RDEB-I, this is the first report of homozygosity of this mutation as the etiology. Here, we investigated the molecular basis of the patient’s disease for prenatal diagnosis after genetic counseling of the parents.

Vietnam, a nation with a rich and complex history of migration and settlement, is home to 5 fundamental language families: Austroasiatic (AA), Tai-Kadai (TK), Austronesian (AN), Sino-Tibetan (ST) and Hmong-Mien (HM). Among them is the Austronesian, a language family substantial in island Southeast Asia (ISEA) but marginal in mainland counterpart (MSEA), constituted five Vietnamese ethnolinguistic groups. Here, we analyzed the control region, and the complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of 121 individuals from 3 AN-speaking populations (Churu, Ede, and Giarai). To explore the molecular diversity, the sequences were aligned against the Reconstructed Sapiens Reference Sequence (RSRS). The quantification and distribution of nucleotide variations resulted in 6,369 variants in our dataset in which the control region and coding region retained 1,707 and 4,662 variants, respectively. Churu harbored the most diversity (54.6 ± 2.8 variants/person), followed by Giarai (52.2 ± 3.3 variants/person), and Ede (51.1 ± 5.3 variants/person). Both the control region and whole mtDNA were input to Haplogrep3 to call haplogroups, resulting in 47.11% of our samples having their haplogroup changed from 17 whole mtDNA lineages to 16 different control region lineages. The haplogroup profile derived from whole mtDNA included 31 unique clades, in which only B5a1d was shared among three groups, and 23/31 lineages were present exclusively in a single population. The haplogroup component of each minority also revealed that all 3 AN groups had the majority of their samples attributed to the macrohaplogroups M, B, and F, with the disparity fixed in their underlying sublineages. This study increased the knowledge wealth of the genetic characteristics of AN speakers in the region from a different analysis approach, and highlighted the contribution of variants in different complete mtDNA, providing insight to reconstruct a comprehensive genetic architecture of Vietnam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract We describe a case of Cockayne syndrome without photosensitivity in a Vietnamese family. This lack of photosensitivity prevented the establishment of a confirmed medical clinical diagnosis for 16 years. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) identified a novel missense variant combined with a known nonsense variant in the ERCC6 gene, NM_000124.4: c.[2839C>T;2936A>G], p.[R947*;K979R]. This case emphasizes the importance of WES in investigating the etiology of a disease when patients do not present the complete clinical phenotypes of Cockayne syndrome.

Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA), a "high priority antibiotic-resistant pathogen", is emerging and threatening global health. Nevertheless, molecular mechanisms associated with virulence and multidrug resistance in VRSA are not fully investigated particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Here, for the first time, the complete genome of a VRSA strain VR480 isolated from a Vietnamese patient was generated by the combination of long- and short-read sequencing technologies. The VRSA strain VR480 was a multidrug-resistant phenotype with resistance to at least one antibiotic belonging to beta lactams, quinolones, lincomycin, oxazolidinones, tetracyclines, glycylcyclines, macrolide/lincosamide/streptogramin, nitrofurans, rifamycins, sulfonamides and glycopeptides. This strain was classified as vancomycin resistance (MIC ≥ 32 μg/mL). VRSA strain VR480 belonged to sequence type ST2779 and carried the SCCmec type II(2A). The VRSA strain VR480 genome contains five resistance mutations in genes. gyrA S84L, parC S80F, parE D432N, fusA L461K and glpT W355Stop, and eleven antibiotic resistant genes including mecA, mecR, mecI, tetM, tet38, mepA, lmrS, ant(9), ermA, fosB and catA. This strain possesses various virulence factors associated with adherence, biofilm formation, colonization, invasion, anti-phagocytosis and toxicity that promote the infection and pathogenesis. Protein interaction network analysis revealed five clusters consisting of known and putative virulence proteins. Furthermore, epimerase, EssC, IcaA, SplA and Ssl1 were the key proteins within each cluster. This study raises a warning about the circulation and dissemination of VRSA in Vietnam. The key proteins would be potential targets for the development of anti-virulent agents to combat the VRSA infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main spindle bearing assembly (MSBA) plays an important role in the quality and service life of CNC machine tools and industrial equipment. The MSBA is usually evaluated based on the allowable wear or the stiffness independently combined with the vibration characteristics. Therefore, it is very important to determine the service life of MSBA when the wear reaches the allowable value, and the stiffness is reduced to the allowable value. This paper studies the simultaneous relationship of wear, stiffness, and vibration characteristics of MSBA in a CNC lathe. The results show that the service life of MSBA is different when evaluated based on each criterion (wear or stiffness). The stiffness of the MSBA is reduced to the allowable limit [J] = 200 N/μm with a Root Mean Square (RMS) value of about 5.75 mm/s2. The wear of the MSBA reaches the allowable limit [δa] = 5 μm with an RMS value of about 4.5 mm/s2. The life of MSBA calculated according to the stiffness criterion is about 1.18 times higher than that calculated based on the wear criterion. The average life of MSBA with standard lubrication according to the wear criterion reaches ∼15,799 h and RMS reaches ∼2.4508 mm/s2.

Spermatogenesis is a process of cell differentiation to produce fertilized sperm. Testis-expressed 15 (TEX15), an important gene in spermatogenesis, has been reported to be linked with male infertility in various populations. This study aimed to assess the association of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) TEX15 rs323347 with male infertile individuals in a Vietnamese cohort and further analyze the haplotypes of TEX15 rs323346 and TEX15 rs323347. A total of 401 unrelated males, including 202 male infertility patients and 199 healthy controls were genotyped for TEX15 rs323347 using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCRRFLP). Using statistical methods, the results showed that the allele frequencies of TEX15 rs323347 were in agreement with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) (p-value > 0.05), but its genotype frequencies were not significantly different between male infertility patient and control groups (p-values > 0.05). However, the CA haplotype of the two variants (rs323346 and rs323347) increased the risk of male infertility (p = 0.046, OR = 2.547, 95% CI = 0.982-6.602). Thus, this study would enrich the knowledge of the impact of genetic factors on male infertility in the Vietnamese population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]