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This article examines and interrogates the formulas used to determine funding at both the designation and institutional levels for Minority-Serving Institutions (MSIs) and Asian American and Native American Pacific Islander-Serving Institutions (AANAPISIs), in the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act and the Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act (CRRSAA); as well as general annual appropriations for MSIs and AANAPISIs. In doing so, the authors aim to facilitate a greater understanding of the current AANAPISI funding landscape, while providing policy makers with new insights and implications to ensure greater equity in future appropriations for AANAPISIs and MSIs. Results indicate that AANAPISIs are severely underfunded, particularly given their large enrollment of Asian American and Pacific Islander students and high number of institutions that meet AANAPISI eligibility.

BACKGROUND: There is an unmet clinical need for interventions to prevent disease progression in patients with localized prostate cancer on active surveillance (AS). OBJECTIVE: To determine the immunologic response to the PROSTVAC vaccine and the clinical indicators of disease progression in patients with localized prostate cancer on AS. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This was a phase 2, double-blind, randomized controlled trial in 154 men with low- or intermediate-risk prostate cancer on AS. INTERVENTION: Participants were randomized (2:1) to receive seven doses of subcutaneous PROSTVAC, a vaccinia/fowlpox viral vector-based immunotherapy containing a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) transgene and three T-cell co-stimulatory molecules, or an empty fowlpox vector (EV) over 140 d. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The primary outcome was the change from baseline in CD4 and CD8 T-cell infiltration in biopsy tumor tissue. Key secondary outcomes were safety and changes in prostate biopsy tumor pathology, peripheral antigen-specific T cells, and serum PSA. Continuous variables were compared using nonparametric tests. Categorical variables were compared using Fishers exact test. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: The PROSTVAC/EV vaccination was well tolerated. All except one participant completed the vaccination series. Changes in CD4 or CD8 density in biopsy tumor tissue did not differ between the PROSTVAC and EV arms. The proportions of patients with Gleason upgrading to grade group 3 after treatment was similar between the arms. There were no differences in postvaccination peripheral T-cell responses or the PSA change from baseline to 6-mo post-treatment follow-up between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: In this first-of-kind trial of immunotherapy in patients on AS for prostate cancer, PROSTVAC did not elicit more favorable prostate tissue or peripheral T-cell responses than the EV. There was no difference between the arms in clinicopathologic effects. Despite the null findings, this is the first study reporting the feasibility and acceptability of an immunotherapy intervention in the AS setting. PATIENT SUMMARY: We looked at responses after an experimental prostate cancer vaccine in patients with prostate cancer on active surveillance (AS). Participants who received the vaccine did not show more favorable outcomes than those receiving the control. Despite these findings, this is the first report showing the feasibility and acceptability of immunotherapy for prostate cancer in patients on AS.

Minority-serving institutions (MSIs) are unique in their ability to support the educational advancement of students of color. Approximately one in five postsecondary institutions are eligible for funding under an MSI designation, yet more than half of all undergraduate students of color are enrolled in such colleges and universities. However, there continues to be great disagreement and confusion about how to define MSIs. Researchers, policymakers, advocacy organizations, and even institutions themselves have advanced different and inconsistent definitions as to what might be considered an MSI. Given these contrasting constructions of MSIs, the purpose of this article is to offer a uniform definition and typology as to how MSIs should be defined and to construct an MSI dataset based upon this approach. We assert that this approach will yield more accuracy to the description and study of MSIs, which will greatly benefit and inform the work of institutional leaders, advocates, policymakers, and the broader MSI research community.

Autoimmune inflammatory arthritides (AIA), such as psoriatic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, are chronic systemic conditions that affect multiple joints of the body. Recently, total-body (TB) PET/CT scanners exhibiting superior technical characteristics (total-body coverage, geometric sensitivity) that could benefit AIA evaluation, compared with conventional PET/CT systems, have become available. The objectives of this work were to assess the performance of an ultra-low-dose, 18F-FDG TB PET/CT acquisition protocol for evaluating systemic joint involvement in AIA and to report the association of TB PET/CT measures with joint-by-joint rheumatologic examination and standardized rheumatologic outcome measures. Methods: Thirty participants (24 with AIA and 6 with osteoarthritis) were prospectively enrolled in this single-center, observational study. All participants underwent a TB PET/CT scan for 20 min starting at 40 min after intravenous injection of 78.1 ± 4.7 MBq of 18F-FDG. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of 18F-FDG uptake and joint involvement were performed from the resulting images and compared with the rheumatologic assessments. Results: TB PET/CT enabled the visualization of 18F-FDG uptake at joints of the entire body, including those of the hands and feet, in a single bed position, and in the same phase of radiotracer uptake. A range of pathologies consistent with AIA (and non-AIA in the osteoarthritis group) were visualized, and the feasibility of extracting PET measures from joints examined by rheumatologic assessments was demonstrated. Of 1,997 evaluable joints, there was concordance between TB PET qualitative assessments and joint-by-joint rheumatologic evaluation in the AIA and non-AIA cohorts for 69.9% and 91.1% joints, respectively, and an additional 20.1% and 8.8% joints, respectively, deemed negative on rheumatologic examination showed PET positivity. On the other hand, 10.0% and 0% joints in the AIA and non-AIA cohorts, respectively, were positive on rheumatologic evaluation but negative on TB PET. Quantitative measures from TB PET in the AIA cohort demonstrated a moderate-to-strong correlation (Spearman ρ = 0.53-0.70, P

This study explores the process in which Asian American and Native American Pacific Islander-Serving Institutions (AANAPISI) build the capacity of Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) student affairs professionals and faculty. Findings suggest that AANAPISIs systematically incorporate multilayered initiatives that validate staff and faculty racialized experiences, while devoting a significant amount of resources to recruit new members into the profession and strengthening their professional competencies. Implications and recommendations are offered to enhance institutional practice.

This article examines and interrogates the formulas used to determine funding at both the designation and institutional levels for Minority-Serving Institutions (MSIs) and Asian American and Native American Pacific Islander-Serving Institutions (AANAPISIs), in the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act and the Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act (CRRSAA); as well as general annual appropriations for MSIs and AANAPISIs. In doing so, the authors aim to facilitate a greater understanding of the current AANAPISI funding landscape, while providing policy makers with new insights and implications to ensure greater equity in future appropriations for AANAPISIs and MSIs. Results indicate that AANAPISIs are severely underfunded, particularly given their large enrollment of Asian American and Pacific Islander students and high number of institutions that meet AANAPISI eligibility.

This study examines how Asian American and Native American Pacific Islander-Serving Institutions (AANAPISI) build capacity for student success. By contrasting a community college on the West Coast and a regional comprehensive university on the East Coast, new pathways are forged to recognize the critical role that federally-funded AANAPISIs play in supporting Asian American and Pacific Islander students. Implications for policy, practice, and research are also offered to advance the operations and understanding of AANAPISIs.

Leadership education within postsecondary institutions has often failed to consider the ways in which Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPIs) make sense of their leadership identity. This article explores the role that Asian American and Native American Pacific Islander-Serving Institutions have in fostering AAPI leaders through culturally relevant practices and services that recognize and embrace students' racial and ethnic backgrounds.

The Coalition of Asian American Associations (CAAA) and Asian American Coalition for Education (AACE), two small but vocal groups of Asian Americans, have argued against affirmative action practices. One of their more prominent claims is that Asian American applicants who are not accepted and do not attend their first-choice colleges face a multitude of negative consequences, a claim that has become the impetus for the current U.S. Department of Justice's investigation into the college admissions process at a number of universities. This study empirically tests the claims made by CAAA and AACE with particular attention to the differences in Asian American student outcomes, relative to their college admissions and choice decisions. Our findings indicate a limited, if any, statistical difference between Asian American groups that attend differing choice institutions.

Cultural Mismatch Theory (CMT) has emerged as a paradigm to account for the disparate experiences and outcomes of first-generation students (FGSs). Past research on CMT demonstrate how social class disposition can shape cultural mismatch among FGSs; however, the sole focus on social class sacrifices attention to other social markers of significance. Our manuscript explores if FGSs at the intersection of marginalized social class and racial/ethnic identities (working-class, Cambodian American students), experience cultural mismatch and how an institutional mechanism (student organizations) addresses that mismatch. We find that through their involvement in a student organization, first-generation, working-class, Cambodian American students foster a community that supports interdependent norms, while simultaneously developing skills to navigate independent norms. These efforts produce cultural match and demonstrate agentic qualities through which students reconfigure moments of cultural mismatch to assert their views of legitimacy and reshape the boundaries of cultural capital.

This mixed methods study examines the institutional mechanisms related to ethnicity that shape the differential experiences of Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) students. By conducting in-depth interviews with AAPI students as well as analyzing data from the University of California Undergraduate Experience Survey, this study sought to gain a deeper understanding of the campus experiences of AAPI undergraduates at UCLA from a disaggregated perspective, as aggregate data may lead to erroneous conclusions that AAPI students are academically successful, well-adjusted, and satisfied with their college experiences--a rationale often used to exclude AAPIs from campus conversations regarding diversity, ethnic representation, and racial climate. The findings detail the unique and different experiences of various AAPI subgroups and suggest the need to overcome the harmful stereotype that AAPIs have escaped the racialized, and sometimes discriminatory, experiences of other racial minorities--even if they attend institutions that are compositionally diverse. As institutions of higher education continue to grapple with campus climate, there is an immediate need to consider how AAPI students fit within that narrative and into larger campus priorities.

Background: This study explored vaccination hesitancy, diabetes-specific COVID-19 vaccination concerns, and whether they predicted vaccination uptake in people with diabetes. Methods: Quantitative, cross-sectional, and predictive approaches were used. An online survey was conducted with people with diabetes attending four Australian health services, using convenience sampling (n = 842). The survey data collected included clinico-demographic characteristics, COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, and attitudes around COVID-19 vaccine confidence and complacency. Clinico-demographic characteristics that predicted vaccination status, vaccine hesitancy, and vaccine-related attitudes were identified using regression analyses. Results: Most participants received at least one COVID-19 vaccine dose. Younger age and type 1 diabetes were associated with lower vaccination status, and they were partially mediated through higher vaccine hesitancy. Younger age and English as a dominant language were associated with higher negative attitudes towards speed of vaccine development. Conclusions: Despite an overall high vaccination rate, general and diabetes-specific COVID-19 vaccine concerns are a barrier to uptake for some people with diabetes, particularly in those who are younger or have type 1 diabetes. A detailed understanding of concerns for particular subgroups can help tailor information to increase vaccine acceptance, particularly in the context of requiring booster doses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study addressed whether or not the increasing reliance on data-driven decision making stands to improve policy efforts to address challenges faced by Asian American and Pacific Islander communities. In doing this, this study examined those who identified as Native Hawaiian in the U.S. Census data and further disaggregated this sample by ancestry and geographic location to test whether there are variations within this population across socioeconomic indicators. The findings suggest that while further data disaggregation can sharpen policy making to address patterns of socioeconomic inequalities, disaggregation alone is still insufficient for fully capturing the complexity of human experiences that reinforce those disparities.

This article highlights the capacity of an Asian American, Native American and Pacific Islander Institution (AANAPISI) to serve as an institutional convertor--by addressing challenges commonly associated with marginalized students--for low-income, Asian American and Pacific Islander students entering college. Through an in-depth case study, we explored the extent to which an AANAPISI-funded program, the Full Circle Project, improved students' ability to overcome barriers. We found that this program--an extension of the institution--acknowledges students' circumstances, thereby helping them to plug into an otherwise inaccessible, rough college terrain. We conclude with a discussion and implications for theory and practice.

Patients with underlying comorbidities are particularly vulnerable to poor outcomes from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Despite the context-specific nature of vaccine hesitancy, there are currently no scales that incorporate disease or treatment-related hesitancy factors. We developed a six-item scale assessing disease-related COVID-19 vaccine attitudes and concerns (The Disease Influenced COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance Scale-Six: DIVAS-6). A survey incorporating the DIVAS-6 was completed by 4683 participants with severe and/or chronic illness (3560 cancer; 842 diabetes; 281 multiple sclerosis (MS)). The survey included the Oxford COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Scale, the Oxford COVID-19 Vaccine Confidence and Complacency Scale, demographic, disease-related, and vaccination status questions. The six items loaded onto two factors (disease complacency and vaccine vulnerability) using exploratory factor analysis and exploratory structural equation modeling. The two factors were internally consistent. Measurement invariance analysis showed the two factors displayed psychometric equivalence across the patient groups. Each factor significantly correlated with the two Oxford COVID-19 Vaccine scales, showing convergent validity. The summary score showed acceptable ability to discriminate vaccination status across diseases, with the total sample providing good-to-excellent discriminative ability. The DIVAS-6 has two factors measuring COVID-19 vaccine attitudes and concerns relating to potential complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection due to underlying disease (disease complacency) and vaccine-related impact on disease progression and treatment (vaccine vulnerability). This is the first validated scale to measure disease-related COVID-19 vaccine concerns and has been validated in people with cancer, diabetes, and MS. It is quick to administer and should assist with guiding information delivery about COVID-19 vaccination in medically vulnerable populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]