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Colorectal cancer is among the most common malignancies and can develop from high-risk colon polyps. Colonoscopy remains the gold-standard investigation for colorectal cancer screening. The procedure could benefit greatly from using AI models for automatic polyp segmentation, which provide valuable insights for improving colon polyp dection. Additionally, it will support gastroenterologists during image analysation to correctly choose the treatment with less time. In this paper, the framework of polyp image segmentation is developed by a deep learning approach, especially a convolutional neural network. The proposed framework is based on improved Unet architecture to obtain the segmented polyp image. We also propose to use the transfer learning method to transfer the knowledge learned from the ImageNet general image dataset to the endoscopic image field. This framework used the Kvasir-SEG database, which contains 1000 GI polyp images and corresponding segmentation masks according to annotation by medical experts. The results confirmed that our proposed method outperform the state-of-the-art polyp segmentation methods with 94.79% dice, 90.08% IOU, 98.68% recall, and 92.07% precision.

In this paper we share our experiences of working with creative research methods to explore HE teacher ‘becomings’ across a transnational education partnership between four universities, three in V...

Currently, quality assurance and quality accreditation are very important tasks and are the top concern for higher education institutions. This is because universities can achieve their goals to meet the needs of learners, the community, and society in their educational and training quality to enhance the position of the university through quality assurance activities. Standards of quality assurance and quality accreditation are the best measurement system for the level of quality of education services. Quality assurance can help detect limited issues to adjust and overcome before implementation. The application of quality assurance and quality accreditation is the secret behind the success of most higher education institutions around the world; therefore, quality assurance and quality accreditation are the concern of universities in Vietnam in general and local universities in particular, especially universities in the most disadvantaged regions of Vietnam. This study discusses some of the theoretical issues of quality assurance and quality accreditation; identifies the relationship of quality assurance and quality accreditation with the objectives, quality level, and application of higher education in Vietnam; and at the same time provides some recommendations to help increase the application of quality assurance and quality accreditation in higher education institutions in Vietnam.

Physical exercise is good for health, both physical and morale for every human being, leading to a happy life. Sports training have an important place in schools activities. Higher education institutions usually have good human and facilities resources to support learners to increase physical exercise, athletes train, serve the community, thereby improving the quality of training. In this context, the head of the higher education institutions has an important role in leading and organizing sports activities inside and outside the school. The universities need to institutionalize extracurricular activities, especially to encourage sports exercise.

International audience; Ball mills are widely used in the industry for a large set of application as: grinding, breakage, mixing, among others. Applications in which the main objective is changing the particle size distribution of the material (i.e. particle breakage), depend on the mechanical events that the particles are subjected to. Mechanical properties in granular materials under dynamic conditions are difficult to measure experimentally. Simulation tools present limitations and challenges in these cases. However, by choosing the adequate model and the correct parameters, results provide insights into the interactions between powder, grinding balls and drum walls at the particle and contact scale. By means of 2D simulations using a DEM method known as Contact Dynamics and applying the bonded cell method (BCM) [1] for modelling breakable particles, simulations on the grinding of a powder inside a ball mill were performed. Samples with different grinding media size and quantity were tested in order to study the particle fragmentation modes that take place inside the system. Also, we determined the spatial distribution of the breakage events, and measured evolution of powder properties such as: damage degree, specific surface and particle size distribution.

International audience

This work investigated the dynamic relationship between higher education and economic growth in Vietnam using annual data collected ten years from 2010 to 2019. The auto-regressive distributive lag framework was used along with the error correction term to investigate the long-run relationship between real gross domestic product, enrollment in higher education, gross capital formation, and labor. The study used the Granger causality test to assess the relationship between higher education and economic expansion. Follow as the test results, a unidirectional causality running from higher education to economic growth have observed. The necessary diagnostic tests have applied to check the reliability and acceptability of model outputs, and they have been found suitable.

Accreditation is a solution for improving the quality of education in higher education institutions. Quality accreditation plays a dominant role that supports quality assurance management in the higher education system. The accreditation frameworks and external quality assurance are different between countries. The United States started quality accreditation very early, so it has a robust educational quality accreditation system, excellent support for the development of higher education institutions. Vietnam has only begun to conduct quality accreditation in recent years. At present, there are still some differences between Vietnam and the United States in quality management activities, but education quality accreditation of Vietnam is approximately similar the United States and carried out in three models: the model of central control of quality assurance of state; model of quality assurance combining between state control with the market competition; and model in which the state primarily leave responsibility for quality assurance to self-accrediting universities.

The purpose of this study is to investigate how Vietnam, Malaysia and Nigeria quality assurance agencies operate towards ensuring quality in higher education institutions. Quality assurance systems was investigated with respect to social demands and it was compared based on the key concepts: autonomy, accountability and improvement. The study relied on qualitative document analysis methods and was conducted on relevant higher education and policy, quality assurance systems of Viet Nam Ministry Education and Training, quality assurance of National Universities Commission, National Board for Technical Education of Nigeria and Malaysian Qualification Agency respectively and their challenges were assessed and compared. There are deals of convergence between Quality Assurance systems of Viet Nam, Malaysia and Nigeria. Viet Nam and Malaysia has a single Quality Assurance system while Nigeria has multi Quality Assurance systems. In all three countries’ Quality Assurance systems made achievements in terms of autonomy, accountability and improvement. In Vietnam, Vietnamese Qualification Agency: internal Quality Assurance is embedded within an accreditation system, but still requires a recognition external quality assurance agency. In Malaysia, Malaysian Qualification Agency: internal Quality Assurance is embedded within accreditation system and reduced the involvement of external Quality Assurance agency. In Nigeria, the National Universities Commission, National Board for Technical Education and National Commission for Colleges of Education of Nigeria provides guidelines for higher education institutions to assist build their internal Quality Assurance. Vietnam and Malaysia Quality Assurance experienced accountability being demonstrated for continuous improvement while Nigeria Quality Assurance accountability is seen with invisible improvement due to challenges associated with the quality frameworks. The study gives appreciated vision into Quality Assurance systems and frameworks of higher education institutions and how Quality Assurance responds to the social demands of stakeholders.

The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the neem gel formulation using gum karaya as a gel forming agent. The gelling ability of gum karaya and its mixtures with the other gel-forming agents (sodium alginate, carboxymethyl starch and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) were demonstrated by rheology properties. Gum karaya was demonstrated to be a gel-forming agent with the pseudoplastic flow. Of three gelling agents, sodium alginate was selected as the best combined excipient with gum karaya due to the better elasticity improvement of the gum karaya gel in comparison with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and carboxymethyl starch (CMS). The cause-effect relations between the three independent variables (the ratios of gum karaya, calcium chloride and sodium alginate) and the two dependent variables (spreadability and viscosity of neem gel) were investigated. The optimal neem gel formulation comprised gum karaya, calcium chloride and sodium alginate with the concentrations of 1.6%, 0.0435% and 1%, respectively. The optimal neem gel was evaluated for its various properties such as pH, homogeneity, spreadability, active compound quantitation by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and dynamic viscoelasticity behaviours. This study has reported for the first time the application of gum karaya in neem gel preparation. The results of the research may provide the useful data for further studies not only on the gum karaya as the gelling agent but also on the neem gel preparation for the treatment of skin diseases.