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1. Evidence of thermophilization in Afromontane forests

Author

Cuni-Sanchez, Aida, Martin, Emanuel H., Uzabaho, Eustrate, Ngute, Alain S.K., Bitariho, Robert, Kayijamahe, Charles, Marshall, Andrew R., Mohamed, Nassoro A., Mseja, Gideon A., Nkwasibwe, Aventino, Rovero, Francesco, Sheil, Douglas, Tinkasimire, Rogers, Tumugabirwe, Lawrence, Feeley, Kenneth J., Sullivan, Martin J.P., Cuni-Sanchez, Aida, Martin, Emanuel H., Uzabaho, Eustrate, Ngute, Alain S.K., Bitariho, Robert, Kayijamahe, Charles, Marshall, Andrew R., Mohamed, Nassoro A., Mseja, Gideon A., Nkwasibwe, Aventino, Rovero, Francesco, Sheil, Douglas, Tinkasimire, Rogers, Tumugabirwe, Lawrence, Feeley, Kenneth J., and Sullivan, Martin J.P.

Abstract

Thermophilization is the directional change in species community composition towards greater relative abundances of species associated with warmer environments. This process is well-documented in temperate and Neotropical plant communities, but it is uncertain whether this phenomenon occurs elsewhere in the tropics. Here we extend the search for thermophilization to equatorial Africa, where lower tree diversity compared to other tropical forest regions and different biogeographic history could affect community responses to climate change. Using re-census data from 17 forest plots in three mountain regions of Africa, we find a consistent pattern of thermophilization in tree communities. Mean rates of thermophilization were +0.0086 °C·y−1 in the Kigezi Highlands (Uganda), +0.0032 °C·y−1 in the Virunga Mountains (Rwanda-Uganda-Democratic Republic of the Congo) and +0.0023 °C·y−1 in the Udzungwa Mountains (Tanzania). Distinct from other forests, both recruitment and mortality were important drivers of thermophilzation in the African plots. The forests studied currently act as a carbon sink, but the consequences of further thermophilization are unclear.

Published
2024

3. High aboveground carbon stock of African tropical montane forests

Author

Cuni-Sanchez, Aida, Sullivan, Martin J.P., Platts, Philip J., Lewis, Simon L., Marchant, Rob, Imani, Gérard, Hubau, Wannes, Abiem, Iveren, Adhikari, Hari, Albrecht, Tomas, Altman, Jan, Amani, Christian, Aneseyee, Abreham B., Avitabile, Valerio, Banin, Lindsay, Batumike, Rodrigue, Bauters, Marijn, Beeckman, Hans, Begne, Serge K., Bennett, Amy C., Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Bogaert, Jan, Bräuning, Achim, Bulonvu, Franklin, Burgess, Neil D., Calders, Kim, Chapman, Colin, Chapman, Hazel, Comiskey, James, de Haulleville, Thales, Decuyper, Mathieu, DeVries, Ben, Dolezal, Jiri, Droissart, Vincent, Ewango, Corneille, Feyera, Senbeta, Gebrekirstos, Aster, Gereau, Roy, Gilpin, Martin, Hakizimana, Dismas, Hall, Jefferson, Hamilton, Alan, Hardy, Olivier, Hart, Terese, Heiskanen, Janne, Hemp, Andreas, Herold, Martin, Hiltner, Ulrike, Horak, David, Kamdem, Marie-Noel, Kayijamahe, Charles, Kenfack, David, Kinyanjui, Mwangi J., Klein, Julia, Lisingo, Janvier, Lovett, Jon, Lung, Mark, Makana, Jean-Remy, Malhi, Yadvinder, Marshall, Andrew, Martin, Emanuel H., Mitchard, Edward T.A., Morel, Alexandra, Mukendi, John T., Muller, Tom, Nchu, Felix, Nyirambangutse, Brigitte, Okello, Joseph, Peh, Kelvin S.-H., Pellikka, Petri, Phillips, Oliver L., Plumptre, Andrew, Qie, Lan, Rovero, Francesco, Sainge, Moses N., Schmitt, Christine B., Sedlacek, Ondrej, Ngute, Alain S.K., Sheil, Douglas, Sheleme, Demisse, Simegn, Tibebu Y., Simo-Droissart, Murielle, Sonké, Bonaventure, Soromessa, Teshome, Sunderland, Terry, Svoboda, Miroslav, Taedoumg, Hermann, Taplin, James, Taylor, David, Thomas, Sean C., Timberlake, Jonathan, Tuagben, Darlington, Umunay, Peter, Uzabaho, Eustrate, Verbeeck, Hans, Vleminckx, Jason, Wallin, Göran, Wheeler, Charlotte, Willcock, Simon, Woods, John T., Zibera, Etienne, Cuni-Sanchez, Aida, Sullivan, Martin J.P., Platts, Philip J., Lewis, Simon L., Marchant, Rob, Imani, Gérard, Hubau, Wannes, Abiem, Iveren, Adhikari, Hari, Albrecht, Tomas, Altman, Jan, Amani, Christian, Aneseyee, Abreham B., Avitabile, Valerio, Banin, Lindsay, Batumike, Rodrigue, Bauters, Marijn, Beeckman, Hans, Begne, Serge K., Bennett, Amy C., Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Bogaert, Jan, Bräuning, Achim, Bulonvu, Franklin, Burgess, Neil D., Calders, Kim, Chapman, Colin, Chapman, Hazel, Comiskey, James, de Haulleville, Thales, Decuyper, Mathieu, DeVries, Ben, Dolezal, Jiri, Droissart, Vincent, Ewango, Corneille, Feyera, Senbeta, Gebrekirstos, Aster, Gereau, Roy, Gilpin, Martin, Hakizimana, Dismas, Hall, Jefferson, Hamilton, Alan, Hardy, Olivier, Hart, Terese, Heiskanen, Janne, Hemp, Andreas, Herold, Martin, Hiltner, Ulrike, Horak, David, Kamdem, Marie-Noel, Kayijamahe, Charles, Kenfack, David, Kinyanjui, Mwangi J., Klein, Julia, Lisingo, Janvier, Lovett, Jon, Lung, Mark, Makana, Jean-Remy, Malhi, Yadvinder, Marshall, Andrew, Martin, Emanuel H., Mitchard, Edward T.A., Morel, Alexandra, Mukendi, John T., Muller, Tom, Nchu, Felix, Nyirambangutse, Brigitte, Okello, Joseph, Peh, Kelvin S.-H., Pellikka, Petri, Phillips, Oliver L., Plumptre, Andrew, Qie, Lan, Rovero, Francesco, Sainge, Moses N., Schmitt, Christine B., Sedlacek, Ondrej, Ngute, Alain S.K., Sheil, Douglas, Sheleme, Demisse, Simegn, Tibebu Y., Simo-Droissart, Murielle, Sonké, Bonaventure, Soromessa, Teshome, Sunderland, Terry, Svoboda, Miroslav, Taedoumg, Hermann, Taplin, James, Taylor, David, Thomas, Sean C., Timberlake, Jonathan, Tuagben, Darlington, Umunay, Peter, Uzabaho, Eustrate, Verbeeck, Hans, Vleminckx, Jason, Wallin, Göran, Wheeler, Charlotte, Willcock, Simon, Woods, John T., and Zibera, Etienne

Abstract

Tropical forests store 40–50 per cent of terrestrial vegetation carbon. However, spatial variations in aboveground live tree biomass carbon (AGC) stocks remain poorly understood, in particular in tropical montane forests. Owing to climatic and soil changes with increasing elevation, AGC stocks are lower in tropical montane forests compared with lowland forests. Here we assemble and analyse a dataset of structurally intact old-growth forests (AfriMont) spanning 44 montane sites in 12 African countries. We find that montane sites in the AfriMont plot network have a mean AGC stock of 149.4 megagrams of carbon per hectare (95% confidence interval 137.1–164.2), which is comparable to lowland forests in the African Tropical Rainforest Observation Network and about 70 per cent and 32 per cent higher than averages from plot networks in montane and lowland forests in the Neotropics, respectively. Notably, our results are two-thirds higher than the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change default values for these forests in Africa. We find that the low stem density and high abundance of large trees of African lowland forests is mirrored in the montane forests sampled. This carbon store is endangered: we estimate that 0.8 million hectares of old-growth African montane forest have been lost since 2000. We provide country-specific montane forest AGC stock estimates modelled from our plot network to help to guide forest conservation and reforestation interventions. Our findings highlight the need for conserving these biodiverse and carbon-rich ecosystems.

Published
2021

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