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2. Baseline serum HBV RNA is associated with the risk of hepatitis flare after stopping nucleoside analog therapy in HBeAg-negative participants

Author

Thompson, Alexander J., primary, Jackson, Kathy, additional, Bonanzinga, Sara, additional, Hall, Sam A.L., additional, Hume, Simon, additional, Burns, Gareth S., additional, Sundararajan, Vijaya, additional, Ratnam, Dilip, additional, Levy, Miriam T., additional, Lubel, John, additional, Nicoll, Amanda J., additional, Strasser, Simone I., additional, Sievert, William, additional, Desmond, Paul V., additional, Ngu, Meng C., additional, Sinclair, Marie, additional, Meredith, Christopher, additional, Matthews, Gail, additional, Revill, Peter A., additional, Littlejohn, Margaret, additional, Bowden, D. Scott, additional, Canchola, Jesse A., additional, Torres, Jason, additional, Siew, Philip, additional, Lau, Jasmin, additional, La Brot, Benjamin, additional, Kuchta, Alison, additional, and Visvanathan, Kumar, additional

Published
2023
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4. Hepatitis B Virus Flares After Nucleot(s)ide Analogue Cessation Are Associated With Activation of Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Pathways

Author

Hall, Samuel A L, primary, Burns, Gareth S, additional, Mooney, Benjamin J, additional, Millen, Rosemary, additional, Morris, Rachel, additional, Vogrin, Sara, additional, Sundararajan, Vijaya, additional, Ratnam, Dilip, additional, Levy, Miriam T, additional, Lubel, John S, additional, Nicoll, Amanda J, additional, Strasser, Simone I, additional, Sievert, William, additional, Desmond, Paul V, additional, Ngu, Meng C, additional, Angus, Peter, additional, Sinclair, Marie, additional, Meredith, Christopher, additional, Matthews, Gail, additional, Revill, Peter A, additional, Jackson, Kathy, additional, Littlejohn, Margaret, additional, Bowden, Scott, additional, Locarnini, Stephen A, additional, Thompson, Alexander J, additional, and Visvanathan, Kumar, additional

Published
2022
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5. Serum HBV RNA levels are associated with risk of hepatitis flare after stopping NA therapy in HBeAg-negative patients

Author

Jackson, Kathy, primary, Visvanathan, Kumar, additional, Hall, Samuel, additional, Burns, Gareth, additional, Bonanzinga, Sara, additional, Anagnostou, Despina, additional, Desmond, Paul, additional, Ratnam, Dilip, additional, Sievert, William, additional, Levy, Miriam, additional, Nicoll, Amanda, additional, Lubel, John, additional, Angus, Peter, additional, Sinclair, Marie, additional, Strasser, Simone, additional, Ngu, Meng, additional, Meredith, Christopher, additional, Matthews, Gail, additional, Revill, Peter, additional, Sundararajan, Vijaya, additional, Vogrin, Sara, additional, Kuchta, Alison, additional, Canchola, Jesse, additional, Torres, Jason, additional, Lau, Jasmine, additional, and Thompson, Alexander, additional

Published
2022
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6. Stopping nucleot(s)ide analogues in non‐cirrhotic HBeAg‐negative chronic hepatitis B patients: HBsAg loss at 96 weeks is associated with low baseline HBsAg levels

Author

Hall, Samuel A. L., primary, Burns, Gareth S., additional, Anagnostou, Despina, additional, Vogrin, Sara, additional, Sundararajan, Vijaya, additional, Ratnam, Dilip, additional, Levy, Miriam T., additional, Lubel, John S., additional, Nicoll, Amanda J., additional, Strasser, Simone I., additional, Sievert, William, additional, Desmond, Paul V., additional, Ngu, Meng C., additional, Angus, Peter, additional, Sinclair, Marie, additional, Meredith, Christopher, additional, Matthews, Gail, additional, Revill, Peter A., additional, Jackson, Kathy, additional, Littlejohn, Margaret, additional, Bowden, D. Scott, additional, Locarnini, Stephen A., additional, Visvanathan, Kumar, additional, and Thompson, Alexander J., additional

Published
2022
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7. Hepatitis B Virus Flares After Nucleot(s)ide Analogue Cessation Are Associated With Activation of Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Pathways.

Author

Hall, Samuel A L, Burns, Gareth S, Mooney, Benjamin J, Millen, Rosemary, Morris, Rachel, Vogrin, Sara, Sundararajan, Vijaya, Ratnam, Dilip, Levy, Miriam T, Lubel, John S, Nicoll, Amanda J, Strasser, Simone I, Sievert, William, Desmond, Paul V, Ngu, Meng C, Angus, Peter, Sinclair, Marie, Meredith, Christopher, Matthews, Gail, and Revill, Peter A

Subjects
CHRONIC hepatitis B, HEPATITIS B virus, TOLL-like receptors, MONONUCLEAR leukocytes, CELLULAR signal transduction, KILLER cells
Abstract

Background We evaluated the patterns of peripheral Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling activity and the expression of TLRs and natural killer (NK) cell activation in a cohort of patients experiencing severe hepatitis flares after stopping nucleot(s)ide analogues (NAs) therapy. Methods Samples were collected longitudinally from patients with chronic hepatitis B who were enrolled in a prospective study of NA discontinuation. Patients experiencing hepatitis flares were compared with patients with normal alanine aminotransferase. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were stimulated with TLR ligands and cytokine secretion in the cell culture supernatant measured. Expression of TLR2/4, NKG2D, NKp46, and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) on monocytes, NK, and NK-T cells was measured. Results Seventeen patients with severe reactivation hepatitis flares were compared to 12 nonflare patients. Hepatitis flares were associated with increased activity of TLR2–8 and TLR9 signaling in PBMCs at the time of peak flare compared to baseline. Hepatitis flares were also associated with (1) upregulation of TLR2 and (2) TREM-1 receptor expression on NK. There were no differences at baseline between flare patients and nonflare patients. Conclusions Hepatitis flares off NA therapy have a significant innate inflammatory response with upregulation of TLR signaling on peripheral monocytes and TLR2 and TREM-1 expression on NK cells. This implicates the innate immune system in the immunopathogenesis of hepatitis B flares. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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11. The mechanism of action of CCK and gastrin on small intestinal motility

Author

Chong., Ngu Meng

Subjects
ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION, ComputerApplications_COMPUTERSINOTHERSYSTEMS, Uncategorized
Abstract

This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author. Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.

Published
2021
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12. Expert Reviewers

Author

Wong, Keith, primary, Young, Ivan, additional, Puranik, Rajesh, additional, Joshua, Douglas, additional, Carmody, John, additional, Davies, Leo, additional, Ngu, Meng C, additional, and Twigg, Stephen, additional

Published
2012
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25. Randomized trial of intake of fat, fiber, and beta carotene to prevent colorectal adenomas

Author

MacLennan, Robert, Macrae, Finlay, Bain, Christopher, Battistutta, Diana, Chapuis, Pierre, Gratten, Helen, Lambert, John, Newland, Ronald C., Ngu, Meng, Russell, Anne, Ward, Michael, and Wahlqvist, Mark L.

Subjects
Colorectal cancer -- Prevention, Low-fat diet -- Health aspects, High-fiber diet -- Health aspects, Beta carotene -- Health aspects, Adenoma -- Prevention, Health
Published
1995

26. Chronic persistent cough and clearance of esophageal acid

Author

Ing, Alvin J., Ngu, Meng C., and Breslin, Antony B.X.

Subjects
Cough -- Causes of -- Physiological aspects, Esophagus -- Injuries -- Physiological aspects, Gastroesophageal reflux -- Physiological aspects, Health, Physiological aspects, Injuries, Causes of
Abstract

Unexplained chronic persistent cough has been shown to be associated with increased episodes of otherwise asymptomatic gastroesophageal reflux; however, normal subjects without cough also exhibit some reflux. We postulate that the prompt clearance of refluxed acid from the esophagus may play an important role in the prevention of cough, and we sought to determine if patients with chronic cough have impaired clearance. Thirty patients with unexplained chronic cough underwent 24-h ambulatory esophageal pH monitoring. Compared to 12 matched control subjects, patients experienced significantly more episodes (all values expressed as median [range]) of reflux per 24 h (88.3 [5.0 to 338.0] vs 5.7 [0 to 13.0]; p, We have previously shown in a controlled study, using 24-h ambulatory esophageal pH monitoring, that chronic persistent cough which remains unexplained after a standard diagnostic evaluation is associated with increased [...]

Published
1992

29. Managing HBV in pregnancy. Prevention, prophylaxis, treatment and follow-up: position paper produced by Australian, UK and New Zealand key opinion leaders

Author

Visvanathan, Kumar, primary, Dusheiko, Geoff, additional, Giles, Michelle, additional, Wong, May-Ling, additional, Phung, Nghi, additional, Walker, Susan, additional, Le, Suong, additional, Lim, Seng Gee, additional, Gane, Ed, additional, Ngu, Meng, additional, Hardikar, Winita, additional, Cowie, Ben, additional, Bowden, Scott, additional, Strasser, Simone, additional, Levy, Miriam, additional, and Sasaduesz, Joe, additional

Published
2015
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30. Factors associated with severity of hepatic fibrosis in people with chronic hepatitis C infection

Author

Danta, Mark, Dore, Gregory J., Hennessey, Lisa, Li, Yueming, Vickers, Chris R., Harley, Hugh, Ngu, Meng, Reed, William, Desmond, Paul V., and Sievert, William

Subjects
Hepatitis C -- Research, Health care industry -- Research, Health care industry, Health
Abstract

Paper discusses the objective in determining factors linked to development of hepatic fibrosis in individuals with chronic hepatitis C. The methods and results are also presented.

Published
2002

41. Non-invasive estimation of liver fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease using the 13C-caffeine breath test.

Author

Park, Gordon J-H, Wiseman, Elke, George, Jacob, Katelaris, Peter H, Seow, Francis, Fung, Caroline, and Ngu, Meng C

Subjects
FATTY liver, LIVER function tests, FIBROSIS, CIRRHOSIS of the liver, FATTY degeneration, BREATH tests, AMINOTRANSFERASES, MULTIVARIATE analysis, DIAGNOSIS
Abstract

Background and Aim: Fibrotic progression in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with impaired hepatic function. The 13C-caffeine breath test (CBT) is a non-invasive, quantitative test of liver function. We sought to determine the utility of the CBT in detecting hepatic fibrosis in NAFLD. Methods: The CBT was applied to 48 patients with NAFLD. CBT results were compared to clinical, biochemical and histological data. Twenty-four healthy subjects served as controls. Results: Patients with simple steatosis had similar CBT values (2.28 ± 0.71 Δ‰ per 100 mg caffeine) to controls (2.31 ± 0.85, P = 1.0). However, CBT was significantly reduced in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (1.59 ± 0.65, P = 0.005) and cirrhosis (1.00 ± 0.73, P < 0.001). CBT significantly correlated with Brunt's fibrosis score ( r = −0.49, P < 0.001) but not with steatosis ( P = 0.23) or inflammation ( P = 0.08). CBT also correlated with international normalized ratio ( r = −0.61, P < 0.001), albumin ( r = 0.37, P = 0.009), aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ( r = −0.34, P = 0.018) and platelets ( r = 0.31, P = 0.03). On multivariate analysis, age (odds ratio 1.12, 95% confidence interval 1.042-1.203, P = 0.002) and CBT (OR 0.264, 95% CI 0.084-0.822, P = 0.02) were independent predictors of significant fibrosis ( F ≥ 2). CBT yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.86 for the diagnosis of cirrhosis. Conclusions: The CBT reflects the extent of hepatic fibrosis in NAFLD and represents a non-invasive predictor of fibrosis severity in this condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011
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44. Aspartate aminotransferase: alanine aminotransferase ratio in chronic hepatitis C infection: Is it a useful predictor of cirrhosis?

Author

Katelaris, Ph, Park, Gordon J-H, Lin, Betty Pc, Ngu, Meng C, Jones, D Brian, and Katelaris, Peter H

Subjects
HEPATITIS C, AMINOTRANSFERASES, CIRRHOSIS of the liver, CLINICAL chemistry
Abstract

AbstractBackground: The clinical usefulness of the ratio of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to alanine aminotransferase (ALT) has been explored in several liver disorders. It has been suggested that in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection an AST: ALT ≥ 1 has 100% specificity and positive predictive value in distinguishing cirrhotic from non-cirrhotic patients. Such statistical certainty attached to a simple biochemical test merits further evaluation. The present study, therefore, assessed the AST: ALT in patients with chronic HCV infection to determine the validity of the ratio in predicting cirrhosis and to correlate the ratio with the histological grade of necroinflammatory activity and fibrosis. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 153 patients with chronic HCV infection was conducted. Serum biochemistry had been obtained within a mean of 4 weeks of liver biopsy. The histology was scored in terms of activity and fibrosis as described by Scheuer and correlated with AST: ALT. Results: In 30 patients with cirrhosis, the mean AST: ALT (0.99 ± 0.06) was higher than in 123 patients without cirrhosis (0.60 ± 0.02; P < 0.001). A ratio ≥ 1 had 95.9% specificity and 73.7% positive predictive value in distinguishing cirrhotic from non-cirrhotic patients, with a 46.7% sensitivity and 88.1% negative predictive value. The ratio also parallelled the Scheuer score with respect to fibrosis but not with respect to inflammation. Conclusion: Although relatively insensitive, an AST: ALT ≥ 1 is highly specific but not diagnostic for the presence of cirrhosis in patients with chronic HCV infection. The ratio reflects the grade of fibrosis in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2000
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45. Reviewers

Author

Wong, Keith, Young, Ivan, Puranik, Rajesh, Joshua, Douglas, Carmody, John, Davies, Leo, C Ngu, Meng, Twigg, Stephen, Babri, Awais Saleem, Billington, Timothy, Chan, Wai Ping (Alicia), Chitturi, Shiv, Dimmitt, Simon, Orda, Ulrich, Raos, Zoë, Robinson, Philip, and Votrubec, Milana

Published
2017
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46. High end‐of‐treatment hepatitis B core‐related antigen levels predict hepatitis flare after stopping nucleot(s)ide analogue therapy.

Author

Hume, Simon J., Wong, Danny K., Yuen, Man‐Fung, Jackson, Kathy, Bonanzinga, Sara, Vogrin, Sara, Hall, Samuel A. L., Burns, Gareth S., Desmond, Paul V., Sundararajan, Vijaya, Ratnam, Dilip, Levy, Miriam T., Lubel, John S., Nicoll, Amanda J., Strasser, Simone I., Sievert, William, Ngu, Meng C., Sinclair, Marie, Meredith, Christopher, and Matthews, Gail

Subjects
*HEPATITIS associated antigen, *HEPATITIS, *CHRONIC hepatitis B, *HEPATITIS B, *END of treatment
Abstract

Background and Aims Methods Results Conclusions Accurate biomarkers to predict outcomes following discontinuation of nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) therapy are needed. We evaluated serum hepatitis B core‐related antigen (HBcrAg) level as a biomarker for predicting outcomes after NA discontinuation.Patients with HBeAg‐negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB) without cirrhosis were enrolled in a prospective trial evaluating clinical outcomes until 96 weeks after NA discontinuation. End of treatment (EOT) and off‐treatment levels of serum HBcrAg, HBsAg, HBV RNA and HBV DNA were used to predict key clinical outcomes including hepatitis flare (ALT ≥5 × ULN and HBV DNA > 2000 IU/mL). The SCALE‐B score was calculated for the purposes of model validation.HBcrAg was tested amongst 65 participants. The median age was 54 years, 54% were male and 83% were Asian. HBcrAg was detectable in 86% patients. HBcrAg level ≥4 log U/mL at EOT was predictive of hepatitis flare [8/10 (80%) vs. 17/55 (31%), p = .001]. The presence of either HBcrAg ≥4 log U/mL or detectable HBV RNA at EOT predicted for both biochemical relapse and hepatitis flare. The SCALE‐B model at EOT predicted for virological relapse, biochemical relapse, hepatitis flare and HBsAg loss in this cohort. An increase in the serum HBcrAg level off‐treatment was also associated with hepatitis flare. No participant with EOT HBcrAg level ≥4 log U/mL achieved HBsAg loss.High levels of serum HBcrAg predict for hepatitis flare after stopping NA therapy and low likelihood of HBsAg loss at week 96. People with high levels of serum HBcrAg are not suitable candidates for NA discontinuation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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47. Reviewers

Author

Wong, Keith, Young, Ivan, Puranik, Rajesh, Joshua, Douglas, Carmody, John, Ngu, Meng C, Twigg, Stephen, Babri, Awais Saleem, Billington, Timothy, Chan, Wai Ping (Alicia), Chitturi, Shiv, Dimmitt, Simon, Orda, Ulrich, Raos, Zoë, Robinson, Philip, and Votrubec, Milana

Published
2016
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48. Use of H2‐receptor antagonists in patients with dyspepsia and heartburn: a cost comparison

Author

Goulston, Kerry J, Dent, Owen F, Mant, Andrea, Logan, John, and Ngu, Meng

Abstract

Objective: Under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme, the use of H2‐receptor antagonists (H2A) in the treatment of dyspepsia and heartburn is only subsidised when there is a proven diagnosis of ulcer. This study compared the costs of this Australian practice with a simulation of British practice, which allows unrestricted prescribing of subsidised H2A. Design: Patients with heartburn and/or dyspepsia were prospectively randomised to either a “British” group treated freely at the discretion of their general practitioner without necessarily being investigated or an “Australian” group where use of H2A was allowed only after gastroscopy or a barium meal had demonstrated a peptic ulcer or ulcerative oesophagitis. The patients were followed up for six months and all direct and indirect costs were recorded. Setting: Forty‐nine Sydney general practitioners recruited primary care patients for the study. Patients: Any patient with heartburn or dyspepsia was considered for recruitment; 139 patients entered the study and 137 completed it. Main outcome measures: The outcome measures were the costs of general practitioner consultations, specialist consultations, radiology and gastroscopy, other tests, H2A, other medications, personal costs, and total cost per patient. Results: The cumulative total cost per patient at the end of the study was equivalent in the “Australian” ($392) and “British” ($406) groups. A higher initial cost per patient of H2A in the “British” group was offset by a rapid decrease in the proportion that continued to use H2A and by the cost of specialist consultations and investigations in the “Australian” group. Conclusion: Over a six‐month period the cost of early investigation of heartburn and dyspepsia was equivalent to the cost of a therapeutic trial of H2A.

Published
1991
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