1. Multi-technique physico-chemical characterization of particles generated by a gasoline engine: Towards measuring tailpipe emissions below 23 nm
- Author
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Noble, J.A., Betrancourt, C., Tritscher, T., Spielvogel, J., Rahman, M., Boies, A., Lee, K.F., Bhave, A.N., Legendre, S., Lancry, O., Kreutziger, P., Rieker, M., Minutolo, Patrizia, Commodo, Mario, D’Anna, Andrea, Nuns, Nicolas, Desgroux, Pascale, Mercier, Xavier, Ngo, Linh Dan, Duca, Dumitru, Carpentier, Yvain, Noble, Jennifer, Ikhenazene, Raouf, Vojkovic, Marin, Irimiea, Cornelia, Ortega, Ismael, Lefevre, Guillaume, Yon, Jérôme, Faccinetto, Alessandro, Therssen, Eric, Ziskind, Michael, Chazallon, Bertrand, Pirim, Claire, Focsa, Cristian, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physique Moléculaire aux Interfaces (PMI), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l’Atmosphère - UMR 8522 (PC2A), Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry [Paul Scherrer Institute] (LAC), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), International Islamic University Malaysia [Kuala Lumpur], HORIBA Scientific [France], Laboratoire Avancé de Spectroscopie pour les Intéractions la Réactivité et l'Environnement - UMR 8516 (LASIRE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL), ANR-11-LABX-0005,Cappa,Physiques et Chimie de l'Environnement Atmosphérique(2011), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille, Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman - UMR 8516 (LASIR), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies, DMPE, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay (COmUE) [Palaiseau], Université Paris Saclay (COmUE)-ONERA, Complexe de recherche interprofessionnel en aérothermochimie (CORIA), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), and Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Atmospheric Science ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,Internal combustion engine ,Nanoparticles ,Physico-chemical characterization ,Mass spectrometry ,Emission modeling ,Context (language use) ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,7. Clean energy ,Ultrafine particle ,Process engineering ,Gasoline direct injection ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,Petrol engine ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph] ,[PHYS.PHYS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics] ,[CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry ,business.industry ,Particulates ,Characterization (materials science) ,13. Climate action ,Environmental science ,Particle ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph] ,business - Abstract
Particulate emissions from on-road motor vehicles are the focus of intensive current research due to the impact of the ambient particulate matter (PM) levels on climate and human health. Constant improvement in engine technology has led to significant decrease in the number and mass of emitted PM, but particular concern is raised nowadays by the ultrafine particles. In this context, there is a critical lack of certification procedures for the measurement of the smallest-size ( 23 nm) particulate matter emissions. To support the engine development process as well as future certification procedures, a measurement technology for sub-23 nm particles must be designed. The development of a reliable measurement procedure entails understanding the formation and evolution of particles from the engine to the tailpipe via multiple analytical techniques and theoretical simulations. We present here extensive experimental characterization of ultrafine particles emitted by a gasoline direct injection single-cylinder engine as particle generator. The particles were sampled using a cascade impactor which allows size-separation into 13 different size bins. Chemical characterization of the collected size-selected particles was performed using mass spectrometry, which gives access to detailed molecular information on chemical classes of critical interest such as organosulphates, oxygenated hydrocarbons, nitrogenated hydrocarbons, metals, or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Additionally, the morphology of the emitted particles was probed with atomic force (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (TERS) was applied for the first time to sub-10 nm combustion-generated particles to gather information on their nanostructure. The extensive database built from these multiple experimental characterizations has been used as input of a theoretical approach to simulate and validate engine out-emissions. These studies were performed in the framework of the H2020 PEMS4Nano project which aims to the development of a robust, reliable and reproducible measurement technology for particles down to 10 nm for both chassis dyno and real driving emissions (RDE).
- Published
- 2020
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