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This study aimed to analyze teachers’ self-efficacy in teaching English as a Foreign Language (EFL) amid the Covid-19 pandemic in Cilacap, Central Java province, Indonesia. The study used a qualitative case study design. This study had exposed the questionnaire from twelve teachers in three Senior High Schools and interviewed four teachers from each of these three schools as the represented respondents. The data were then analyzed using the interactive model of data analysis. Moreover, the responses for the self-efficacy scale revealed the result of the percentage used to conclude and the interview result usage to support the teachers’ perception of their self-efficacy in teaching English. The result proved that these teachers possess a high self-efficacy in teaching EFL. These teachers delivered positive responses and perceptions of their high self-efficacy, which encouraged them to have a great deal of determining instructional strategies, engaging the students, and managing the class during distance learning. Furthermore, specific findings within the domains of instructional strategies, student engagement, and classroom management provide further insight into the importance of examining the overall self-efficacy of EFL teachers in supporting distance learning.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the students’ perceptions of synchronous online learning using Google Meet. Synchronous online learning is applied to facilitate the students to acquire knowledge during this pandemic. However, the students’ perception of the synchronous online using Google Meet in a specific skill in ELT is still understudied. A qualitative case study was used to investigate this phenomenon. The participants of this study were 18 students in the first semester who were Electrical Engineering major. The participants were chosen purposively due to class participation and willingness. The data was gathered from the questionnaire and interviews. It was analyzed using the Interactive Model of Data Analysis. This study exposed that the students positively perceived implementing synchronous online learning using Google Meet in reading class. They pointed out that it could help the students read more and feel motivated to be active. It also aided to increase their reading by online discussion. However, they found some challenges which they perceived during synchronous online learning. The challenges came from environmental, technical, and personal problems. The implication of this study relates to continuing the teaching-learning process of synchronous online learning using Google Meet. It provides some benefits that support the teaching learning process. Then, the institution and the government should support and promote the effectiveness of synchronous online learning by improving their learning and providing the necessary learning infrastructure for all students.

The multilingual world demands educational stakeholders to adjust by embracing multilingual pedagogies. Translanguaging is deemed a prominent language practice to be implemented in educational settings, especially in the EFL class. However, the practice still obtains criticisms. Many scholars point out challenges in implementing classroom translanguaging. Therefore, studying attitudes, specifically students' attitudes, becomes significant at this point because it helps to reveal how students' feelings and thoughts of translanguaging practice are based on their learning experience. Further, their attitudes can be considered in the classroom decision making whether to translanguage or not to translanguage. The present study will generally continue what previous scholars have done but in a new context and methodology. This study investigated students' attitudes towards student- and teacher-directed translanguaging in Indonesian EFL classrooms. The participants were 40 grade VIII students from two EFL classes of a private boarding school located in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. The data was collected using online questionnaires consisting of close-ended and mainly open-ended questions. The result showed that most students expressed negative feelings toward students-directed translanguaging. Meanwhile, teacher-directed translanguaging was more acceptable indicated by most students who had positive feelings towards their teachers' translanguaging. Students' arguments and comments were also interesting to be noticed. These findings shed light on a multilingual pedagogical practice and further research, which we would like to discuss further within this article.

This study explores teachers' and students’ perceptions of task-based language teaching in teaching speaking and the teacher's techniques in implementing task-based language teaching in teaching speaking. This study employs an explanatory case study design with an English teacher and 35 students of vocational schools in Indonesia involved in this study. Semi-structured interviews and classroom observations were used to collect the data. The data were analyzed qualitatively using interactive models of Miles, Huberman, and Saldana (2014). The finding indicates that both teacher and students had a positive perception toward task-based language teaching, especially its implementation in speaking class. Implementing task-based language teaching in speaking classes makes the classroom environment more effective. The implication indicates that how the teacher sets the knowledge into classroom implementation is related to what the teacher has understood about task-based language teaching.

Project-based learning (PBL) has gained popularity in education recently. This teaching method provides opportunities for students to learn independently by doing group works in the form of a project. It is seen as a suitable method to teach EFL to replace the traditional ways of teaching. Thus, this case study explores the students' and teachers' experience implementing PBL in the EFL class. Three EFL classes from three different high schools in Indonesia were observed to explore this issue. Six students and three teachers were interviewed to confirm the observation’s result and determine their perception of learning using PBL. The findings show that the class situation improved positively after implementing PBL. Furthermore, PBL was well perceived by both students and teachers. The teaching and learning process went smoothly and well-controlled. The students and teachers show positive perceptions toward PBL in EFL classes. However, some negative points of PBL were also pointed out. Thus, educational sectors may use this study's results to improve the educational quality, specifically for EFL classes.

Higher order thinking skill (HOTS) is an important outcome standard of higher education in any discipline. Accordingly, English language textbook should present higher order thinking questions to promote students’ higher order thinking skill. The aim of this research is to analyze the extent to which the higher order thinking skill (HOTS) and the indicators of reading skill are assessed in the reading comprehension exercises. This research used the descriptive analytical method of research, which refers to content analysis. The data are analyzed based on revised Bloom’s taxonomy and reading skill indicators. The findings reveal that: (1) HOTS in the reading comprehension exercises questions only includes analyzing skill and evaluating skill while creating skill is not found; and (2) the indicators of reading skill are not fully assessed from the questions in the reading comprehension exercises in English language textbook for twelfth grade students by Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture. The textbook only assesses topic, explicit meaning, and implicit meaning indicators. Students will not achieve higher order thinking skill and reading skill excellently if they only practice reading comprehension exercises from the textbook.

The aim of the study is to explore teacher’s belief and practice about the use of digital literacy in the EFL classroom. The framework of Borg (2006) about teacher beliefs is used as a theoretical framework for collecting and analyzing data. This study explores how teacher beliefs affect the use digital literacy. The participants of the study were two senior high school teachers in Indonesia. Researchers conducted interviews, classroom observation, and document analysis such as lesson plans, syllabi, and student assignments. The results of the study showed that it was fully crucial to provide a professional development course which was ready-to-use and met the student’s and teacher’s need because in-service teachers have lack of knowledge and experience about digital literacy from their formal learning context. The support of school communities in term of regulation, discussion, sharing experience, and technical aid. Moreover, promoting technology-rich environment also facilitate the use of digital literacy in the classroom in which the technology adopted should be in accordance with digital competence and the needs of students and teachers.

Self-reflection is a concept of learning from experience that dominates teacher educator around the world. It is true that self-reflective is not a natural process since it needs critical thought, self-direction, and problem-solving with personal knowledge and self-awareness. The major premise of the study is that although teachers are repeatedly encouraged to reflect on their teaching and learning, they are unable to do so successfully. Photovoice is a valuable tool to engage teachers in reflecting their own lives outside the school voice their perspectives and share with other teachers, students, and policymakers. Thus, the purpose of this study is to report on action research that investigated photovoice in emerging teachers’ self-reflective on multimodal literacy. To examine this issue, a qualitative study with an action research design was conducted with five junior high school teachers as participants. The data collected through photovoice and analyzed by using SHoWeD Analysis. SHoWeD analysis is the acronym for a series of questions: (1) what do you see here; (2) what is happening; (3) how does this relate to our lives; (4) why are things this way; (5) how could this image educate people. In general, the study indicates that the use of photovoice for self-reflective on multimodal literacy gives positive impacts on the context of teacher professional development

Listening plays a vital role in the field of foreign and second language learning. The study aimed to explore which types of metacognitive awareness and how participants employed it when they practiced Extensive listening outside the classroom. The participants involved in the study were two undergraduate students in one of the state universities in Indonesia. Both of them are males majoring in English Department in teaching training faculty. The study used a Case study research design. Semi-structured interview and documentation were used as a tool to collect the data. The instrument was adapted and derived based on Metacognitive Awareness Listening theory of Vandergrift et al (2006). The study revealed that students used problem-solving strategy, person Knowledge, and mental translation. The study implies that students should raise awareness in the listening process by knowing about themselves, listening Task and strategies they use to help their listening development. Besides that, teachers need to use metacognitive instruction to increase students’ metacognitive listening awareness.

Digital literacy is the skill which highly important to effectively use digital technology and to survive in the digital-rich environment. The study examines two in-service teachers’ epistemic beliefs about the integration of digital literacy in the English Foreign Language classroom. The participants of the study are two English teachers in senior high school in Indonesia. The case study research design was used in the study, and qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the data obtained from the participants. The finding of the study revealed that digital literacy was perceived as a basic skill for learning with digital technology, a skill for collaboration and communication, a skill for evaluating information, and skill for reproduction. The study provided more insight to enhance the understanding of in-service teachers’ belief about the integration of digital literacy.

Various problems arise in the application of the 2013 curriculum, especially the authentic assessment system. This study tries to describe the various problems that arise, the factors that cause debate, and efforts to overcome them. This research method uses a qualitative descriptive method. Data collection techniques are carried out through observation, interviews, and document analysis. The source of information for the research came from two female teachers at Sukoharjo 1 & 3 SMPN and one male teacher from Al-Azhar Islamic Middle School 21 Solo Baru. The data validity technique is done through data triangulation. Data obtained through observation, interviews, and document analysis are all complementary. The results showed that: a) understanding the teacher about authentic assessment still varied, b) limiting the time in applying authentic assessment, c) the teacher did not check the instrument to be used, d) the teacher who often did not conduct the research process in learning, e) processing the value of learning outcomes received by the teacher is too complicated and complicated, also f) the minimum reading power of the teacher to study books about authentic assessment. One of the causes is internal and external factors. Internal factors come from within (teachers and students), while external factors come from outside the teacher's ability. Berbagai permasalahan muncul dalam penerapan kurikulum 2013, khususnya sistem penilaian autentik aspek keterampilan berbicara di SMP. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan berbagai permasalahan yang muncul, faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan permasalahan, dan upaya untuk mengatasinya. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan analisis dokumen. Sumber informasi penelitian berasal dari dua guru perempuan di SMPN 1 & 3 Sukoharjo dan satu guru laki-laki dari SMP Islam Al-Azhar 21 Solo Baru. Teknik keabsahan data dilakukan melalui triangulasi data. Data diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara, dan analisis dokumen semuanya saling melengkapi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: a) pemahaman guru tentang penilaian autentik masih bervariasi, b) keterbatasan waktu dalam penerapan penilaian autentik, c) guru tidak mau mengecek instrumen penilaian yang akan digunakan, d) guru sering tidak melakukan penilaian proses dalam pembelajaran, e) pengolahan nilai hasil belajar yang dirasakan guru terlalu rumit dan kompleks, serta f) minimnya daya baca guru untuk mengkaji buku-buku mengenai penilaian autentik. Adapun faktor penyebab permasalahan adalah faktor internal dan eksternal. Faktor internal berasal dari dalam (guru dan siswa), sedangkan faktor eksternal berasal dari luar kemampuan guru.

Along with the development of the digital era, how to pass learning evaluation can be done by using one of platforms in technology. This is no exception in the case of evaluation for academic reading at the university level. This study used Google Form as a platform for conducting an evaluation process of reading exercise. The purposes were to create a chance for university students that join in English for academic purpose program in order to evaluate a specific material outside of class, to determine the levels of difficulty from reading exercises assisted-online platform, and to determine the discrimination indexes of reading exercises assisted-online platform. This paper was qualitative-content analysis research involved fifteen university students who came from different programs. The data collection was gathered from observation and document analysis. The finding reveals that the evaluation of reading exercise can be done effectively using online platform outside of class. This result is a novelty in doing evaluation for English Teacher. In conducting a test, by using an online platform, it also indicates that the test is valid and reliable. The implication is that the online platform has several benefits in helping teachers carrying out an evaluation or developing a test of a lesson and implementing the test outside of the class as effective as in the class.

Many Indonesian English Learners nowadays use the smartphone as their communication tools. It is used only for socializing through social media by most of them. This descriptive research aims to elaborate their perception on the implementation of MALL in English Class for University Level. The data were collected through a survey questionnaire which was adapted from the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The result proves that they have a positive perception on the usage of MALL.

This research is aimed at developing a supplementary reading material to fulfill students' need in one of the multimedia study program at Mangelang, Indonesia, for learning reading. The design of this research is Research and Development. This research was oriented to the product development, and it was conducted in two main stages; (1) exploration stage and (2) product development stage. The exploration stage includes (1) literature review, (2) field study, and (3) need analysis. Meanwhile, the product development stage describes (1) the prototype development, (2) experts’ judgment, and (3) pilot. This research was conducted in a vocational secondary school involving an English teacher, two material experts, and students. The findings show that the existing textbook used to teach reading contains general English material and it is less specific to be used for the students at the program. Therefore, it implies that there should be supplementary reading materials for the teacher to develop reading to meet the needs of these students.

The present study reports the results of an exploration stage of research and development (RND) whose project is to develop an EFL reading android application. At this exploration stage, this study aims at finding out the possible weaknesses of the existing EFL reading media (textbook) and the needs for an ideal EFL reading android application. 33 tenth grade senior high school students at one of the schools in central Java, Indonesia, were engaged as the participants. Both quantitative questionnaire and qualitative interview to 6 students were assigned to garner the data. This exploration revealed that some weaknesses of the textbook were comprised of monotonous colors, minimum portability, less automatic concept, limited materials, less readable instructions, limited exercises, less direct feedback of the exercises, and insufficient explanations related to EFL reading skill indicators. In turn, the needs analysis data indicated that an EFL reading android application was required to be developed. The developed product was expected to be simple and easily used, motivating and facilitating, up-to-date, providing various EFL reading activities, portable to be used inside and outside of the classroom, and controlling. The ongoing product in the form of the prototype is also presented at the end of this study report.

Picture Word Inductive Model is an inquiry-oriented strategy for teaching writing that uses picture containing familiar objects to fully lead students into inquiring about words, adding words to their writing, and ultimately developing the title, sentences, and paragraphs about their picture. This experimental study aimed to find out the effectiveness of PWIM to teach writing viewed from students’ interest in the eighth grade of MTs. ASWAJA Pontianak. Sampling technique was through cluster random sampling resulting 2 classes which consist of 26 students of each class contributed to the study. Technique of data collection encompassed writing test and questionnaire. The data were analyzed by using 2x2 Multifactor Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s HSD Test. The result revealed that: (1) Picture Word Inductive Model(PWIM) is more effective than Controlled-Writing Strategy (CWS) to teach writing; (2) students having high interest have better writing skill than those having low interest. (3) there is an interaction between teaching strategies and the level of interest on students’ writing skill.

A test is conducted to know the students’ competencies toward the material that they have been learned. Making the test is not easy because the lecturers have to consider the material or skill which will be tested, in this case is grammar. The lecturers also must use the test media which is appropriate and interesting. Nowadays, the utilizing of technology in education context has increased, especially in conducting the test. The aim of this study is to show the students’ perception toward computer-based software for grammar test. The method used in this research is qualitative method with descriptive analysis design and also used quantitative method for questionnaire data. The participants were from 40 English department students in one of university in Serang. The data were collected from questionnaire and interview with some students. The result shows that almost all students give positive response and perception toward computer-based software for grammar test. The students become more interesting to do the grammar test with the computer-based software and they are facilitated in conducting the test because they get benefits from it.

Dictogloss can be considered as way for integrating form and meaning in the learning context. The main objective of this research is to analyze whether: (1) Dictogloss is more effective than Direct Instruction to teach writing for the eleventh grades students, and (2) students having high motivation have better writing skill than those having low motivation for the eleventh grade students. This article refers to an experimental study on the effectiveness of Dictogloss to teach writing skill at one of Islamic School in Surakarta, Indonesia. The sampling used in this research was cluster random sampling with two classes as sample, namely the experimental class taught using Dictogloss and the control class taught using Direct Instruction. To collect the data, there were two instruments used in this research namely, the writing test and the motivation questionnaire. After treatment was given to both classes in eight meetings, a post test of writing to obtain data was conducted. The data were analyzed by using 2x2 Multifactor Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Before conducting the ANOVA test, pre-requisite test namely normality and homogeneity test were conducted. The result of this research shows that: (1) Dictogloss is more effective than Direct Instruction to teach writing, and (2) students having high motivation have better writing skill than those having low motivation. Therefore, it is recommended for the English teacher to apply Dictogloss in writing activity to promote an effective teaching on writing skill. In conclusion, Dictogloss can be used to improve students’ writing skill for the eleventh grade students.

This research was done in order to know students‘ perception toward integrating ICT in English Language Learning and also to find out problem that may faced by students during the ICT integration. This research used quantitative method in order to describe students‘ perception toward the use of ICT in ELL. This research involved English students from a state university in Jambi province as the respondents. The data were collected by using questionnaires adapted from Chutopama (2004). The questionnaires consisted of items related to the use of ICT for their learning, their reason(s) of using ICT, as well as the problem(s) encountered through the use of ICT for the learning. After that, the data were analyzed by using SPSS 16 that pointed at a point in which the students agreed that ICT is beneficial for their learning process, especially in terms of accessing information for learning. Nevertheless, employing ICT in learning needs to be supported by sufficient equipment, and needs to educate the students to be an agile user for better, more effective, and more efficient process of learning.

This study aims to describe the views of Islamic Javanese ideas in Sindhunata's poem Air Kata Kata. The Islamic Javanese view is obtained by using the deep interpretation of the symbols in the texts and images/ paintings contained in poems by a Catholic Pastor who has a humanist spirit and is familiar with Islamic Javanese life. Based on this research, the researcher obtained an Islamic Javanese view in Catholic poet’s works who was close to the daily life of Moslems. Therefore, his works are influenced by Islam and the life of Moslems.