2,428 results on '"Newsome P."'
Search Results
2. SN 2021foa: Deriving a continuity between SN IIn and SN Ibn
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Gangopadhyay, Anjasha, Dukiya, Naveen, Moriya, Takashi J, Tanaka, Masaomi, Maeda, Keiichi, Howell, D. Andrew, Singh, Mridweeka, Singh, Avinash, Sollerman, Jesper, Kawabata, Koji S, Brennan, Sean J, Pellegrino, Craig, Dastidar, Raya, Misra, Kuntal, Kawabata, Tatsuya Nakaoka Miho, Schulze, Steve, Chandra, Poonam, Taguchi, Kenta, Sahu, Devendra K, McCully, Curtis, Bostroem, K. Azalee, Gonzalez, Estefania Padilla, Newsome, Megan, Hiramatsu, Daichi, Takei, Yuki, and Yamanaka, Masayuki
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Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
We present the long-term photometric and spectroscopic monitoring campaign of a transitioning SN~IIn/Ibn from $-$10.8 d to 150.7 d post $V$-band maximum. SN~2021foa shows prominent He i lines comparable in strength to the H$\alpha$ line around peak luminosity, placing SN~2021foa between the SN~IIn and SN~Ibn populations. The spectral comparison with SNe~IIn and SNe~Ibn shows that it resembles the SN~IIn population at pre-maximum, becomes intermediate between SNe~IIn/Ibn around maximum light, and similar to SN~1996al at late times. The photometric evolution shows a precursor at $-$50 d and a light curve shoulder around 17 d, which matches well with the light curve of the interacting IIns like SN~2016jbu. The peak luminosity and color evolution of SN 2021foa are consistent with most SNe~IIn and SNe~Ibn. SN~2021foa shows the unique case of a SN~IIn where the P-Cygni features in H$\alpha$ appear at later stages, either due to complex geometry of the CSM or an interaction of the ejecta with a CSM shell/disk (similar to SNe~2009ip and 2015bh). Temporal evolution of the H$\alpha$ profile favours a disk-like CSM geometry (CSM having both H and He) with a narrow (500 -- 1200 km s$^{-1}$) component, intermediate width (3000 -- 8000 km s$^{-1}$) and broad component in absorption. Hydrodynamical lightcurve modelling can well-reproduce the lightcurve by a two-component CSM structure with different densities ($\rho$ $\propto$ r$^{-2}$ -- $\rho$ $\propto$ r$^{-5}$), mass-loss rates (10$^{-3}$ -- 10$^{-1}$ M$_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$) assuming a wind velocity of 1000 km s$^{-1}$ and having a CSM mass of 0.18 M$_{\odot}$. The overall evolution supports the fact that indicates that SN~2021foa most likely originated from a LBV star transitioning to a WR star with the mass-loss rate increasing in the period from 5 to 0.5 years before the explosion or it could be due to a binary interaction., Comment: To be submitted to MNRAS in few days; 20 pages, 16 figures, 4 tables
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- 2024
3. Beyond MR Image Harmonization: Resolution Matters Too
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Hays, Savannah P., Remedios, Samuel W., Zuo, Lianrui, Mowry, Ellen M., Newsome, Scott D., Calabresi, Peter A., Carass, Aaron, Dewey, Blake E., and Prince, Jerry L.
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Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing - Abstract
Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is commonly used in the clinical setting to non-invasively monitor the body. There exists a large variability in MR imaging due to differences in scanner hardware, software, and protocol design. Ideally, a processing algorithm should perform robustly to this variability, but that is not always the case in reality. This introduces a need for image harmonization to overcome issues of domain shift when performing downstream analysis such as segmentation. Most image harmonization models focus on acquisition parameters such as inversion time or repetition time, but they ignore an important aspect in MR imaging -- resolution. In this paper, we evaluate the impact of image resolution on harmonization using a pretrained harmonization algorithm. We simulate 2D acquisitions of various slice thicknesses and gaps from 3D acquired, 1mm3 isotropic MR images and demonstrate how the performance of a state-of-the-art image harmonization algorithm varies as resolution changes. We discuss the most ideal scenarios for image resolution including acquisition orientation when 3D imaging is not available, which is common for many clinical scanners. Our results show that harmonization on low-resolution images does not account for acquisition resolution and orientation variations. Super-resolution can be used to alleviate resolution variations but it is not always used. Our methodology can generalize to help evaluate the impact of image acquisition resolution for multiple tasks. Determining the limits of a pretrained algorithm is important when considering preprocessing steps and trust in the results., Comment: SASHIMI Workshop at MICCAI 2024
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- 2024
4. Ejecta masses in Type Ia Supernovae -- Implications for the Progenitor and the Explosion Scenario
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Bora, Zsófia, Könyves-Tóth, Réka, Vinkó, József, Bánhidi, Dominik, Bíró, Imre Barna, Bostroem, K. Azalee, Bódi, Attila, Burke, Jamison, Csányi, István, Cseh, Borbála, Farah, Joseph, Filippenko, Alexei V., Hegedűs, Tibor, Hiramatsu, Daichi, Horti-Dávid, Ágoston, Howell, D. Andrew, Jha, Saurabh W., Kalup, Csilla, Krezinger, Máté, Kriskovics, Levente, McCully, Curtis, Newsome, Megan, Ordasi, András, Gonzalez, Estefania Padilla, Pál, András, Pellegrino, Craig, Seli, Bálint, Sódor, Ádám, Szabó, Zsófia Marianna, Szabó, Norton O., Szakáts, Róbert, Szalai, Tamás, Székely, Péter, Terreran, Giacomo, Varga, Vázsony, Vida, Krisztián, Wang, Xiaofeng, and Wheeler, J. Craig
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Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
The progenitor system(s) as well as the explosion mechanism(s) of thermonuclear (Type Ia) supernovae are long-standing issues in astrophysics. Here we present ejecta masses and other physical parameters for 28 recent Type Ia supernovae inferred from multiband photometric and optical spectroscopic data. Our results confirm that the majority of SNe Ia show {\it observable} ejecta masses below the Chandrasekhar-limit (having a mean $M_{\rm ej} \approx 1.1 \pm 0.3$ M$_\odot$), consistent with the predictions of recent sub-M$_{\rm Ch}$ explosion models. They are compatible with models assuming either single- or double-degenerate progenitor configurations. We also recover a sub-sample of supernovae within $1.2 $ M$_\odot$ $< M_{\rm {ej}} < 1.5$ M$_\odot$ that are consistent with near-Chandrasekhar explosions. Taking into account the uncertainties of the inferred ejecta masses, about half of our SNe are compatible with both explosion models. We compare our results with those in previous studies, and discuss the caveats and concerns regarding the applied methodology.
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- 2024
5. One Year of SN 2023ixf: Breaking Through the Degenerate Parameter Space in Light-Curve Models with Pulsating Progenitors
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Hsu, Brian, Smith, Nathan, Goldberg, Jared A., Bostroem, K. Azalee, Hosseinzadeh, Griffin, Sand, David J., Pearson, Jeniveve, Hiramatsu, Daichi, Andrews, Jennifer E., Beasor, Emma R., Dong, Yize, Farah, Joseph, Galbany, LluÍs, Gomez, Sebastian, Gonzalez, Estefania Padilla, Gutiérrez, Claudia P., Howell, D. Andrew, Könyves-Tóth, Réka, McCully, Curtis, Newsome, Megan, Shrestha, Manisha, Terreran, Giacomo, Villar, V. Ashley, and Wang, Xiaofeng
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Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
We present and analyze the extensive optical broadband photometry of the Type II SN 2023ixf up to one year after explosion. We find that, when compared to two pre-existing model grids, the pseudo-bolometric light curve is consistent with drastically different combinations of progenitor and explosion properties. This may be an effect of known degeneracies in Type IIP light-curve models. We independently compute a large grid of ${\tt MESA+STELLA}$ single-star progenitor and light-curve models with various zero-age main-sequence masses, mass-loss efficiencies, and convective efficiencies. Using the observed progenitor variability as an additional constraint, we select stellar models consistent with the pulsation period and explode them according to previously established scaling laws to match plateau properties. Our hydrodynamic modeling indicates that SN 2023ixf is most consistent with a moderate-energy ($E_{\rm exp}\approx7\times10^{50}$ erg) explosion of an initially high-mass red supergiant progenitor ($\gtrsim 17\ M_{\odot}$) that lost a significant amount of mass in its prior evolution, leaving a low-mass hydrogen envelope ($\lesssim 3\ M_{\odot}$) at the time of explosion, with a radius $\gtrsim 950\ R_{\odot}$ and a synthesized $^{56}$Ni mass of $0.07\ M_{\odot}$. We posit that previous mass transfer in a binary system may have stripped the envelope of SN 2023ixf's progenitor. The analysis method with pulsation period presented in this work offers a way to break degeneracies in light-curve modeling in the future, particularly with the upcoming Vera C.~Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time, when a record of progenitor variability will be more common., Comment: 18 pages, 7 figures, submitted to ApJ. Comments welcome
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- 2024
6. AT2023vto: An Exceptionally Luminous Helium Tidal Disruption Event from a Massive Star
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Kumar, Harsh, Berger, Edo, Hiramatsu, Daichi, Gomez, Sebastian, Blanchard, Peter K., Cendes, Yvette, Bostroem, K. Azalee, Farah, Joseph, Gonzalez, Estefania Padilla, Howell, Andrew, McCully, Curtis, Newsome, Megan, and Terreran, Giacomo
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Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
We present optical/UV observations and the spectroscopic classification of the transient AT2023vto as a tidal disruption event (TDE) at z = 0.4846. The spectrum is dominated by a broad He II $\lambda$4686 emission line, with a width of ~ $3.76 \times 10^4$ km/s and a blueshift of ~ $1.05 \times 10^4$ km/s, classifying it as a member of the TDE-He class. The light curve exhibits a long rise and decline timescale, with a large peak absolute magnitude of M$_g$ ~ -23.6, making it the most luminous of the classical optical TDEs (H, H+He, He) discovered to date by about 2 mag (and ~ 4 mag compared to the mean of the population). The light curve exhibits a persistent blue color of g - r ~ -0.4 mag throughout its evolution, similar to other TDEs, but distinct from supernovae. We identify the host galaxy of AT2023vto in archival Pan-STARRS images and find that the transient is located at the galaxy center, and that its inferred central black hole mass is ~ $10^7~M_{\odot}$. Modeling the light curves of AT2023vto, we find that it resulted from the disruption of a ~ 9 $M_{\odot}$ star by a ~$10^7~M_{\odot}$ supermassive black hole. The star mass is about 5 times larger than the highest star masses previously inferred in TDEs, and the black hole mass is at the high end of the distribution. AT2023vto is comparable in luminosity and timescale to some putative TDEs (with a blue featureless continuum), as well as to the mean of the recently identified population of ambiguous nuclear transients (ANTs), although the latter are spectroscopically distinct and tend to have longer timescales. ANTs have been speculated to arise from tidal disruptions of massive stars, perhaps in active galactic nuclei, and AT2023vto may represent a similar case but in a dormant black hole, thereby bridging the TDE and ANT populations. We anticipate that Rubin Observatory / LSST will uncover similar luminous TDEs to z ~ 3., Comment: 21 pages, 8 figures
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- 2024
7. Quantum Effects in 3+1 Schwarzschild-de Sitter Spacetime: Properties of the Hadamard Function
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Newsome, Ian M., Pla, Silvia, and Anderson, Paul R.
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General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,High Energy Physics - Theory - Abstract
In a four-dimensional Schwarzschild-de Sitter background, the spherically symmetric ($\ell=0$) contribution to the Hadamard two-point correlation function is computed for a massless minimally-coupled scalar field in the Unruh state. Consideration is given to spacetime points located exterior to the black hole horizon, but within the cosmological horizon. Previously it was found in two dimensions for spatially separated points that the Hadamard function exhibits unbounded linear growth at late times, with a rate of growth proportional to the sum of the black hole and cosmological surface gravities. Here it is shown numerically that this behavior persists in four dimensions, where scattering effects associated with the scalar field modes lead to a modification of the two-dimensional result. An analytic approximation is derived for the growth rate in four dimensions and, in the limit that the black hole vanishes, the leading order contribution is equivalent to the rate of growth for the Hadamard function found previously for de Sitter space in cosmological coordinates., Comment: 22 pages, 7 figures
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- 2024
8. The X-ray Luminous Type Ibn SN 2022ablq: Estimates of Pre-explosion Mass Loss and Constraints on Precursor Emission
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Pellegrino, C., Modjaz, M., Takei, Y., Tsuna, D., Newsome, M., Pritchard, T., Baer-Way, R., Bostroem, K. A., Chandra, P., Charalampopoulos, P., Dong, Y., Farah, J., Howell, D. A., McCully, C., Mohamed, S., Gonzalez, E. Padilla, and Terreran, G.
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Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
Type Ibn supernovae (SNe Ibn) are rare stellar explosions powered primarily by interaction between the SN ejecta and H-poor, He-rich material lost by their progenitor stars. Multi-wavelength observations, particularly in the X-rays, of SNe Ibn constrain their poorly-understood progenitor channels and mass-loss mechanisms. Here we present Swift X-ray, ultraviolet, and ground-based optical observations of the Type Ibn SN 2022ablq -- only the second SN Ibn with X-ray detections to date. While similar to the prototypical Type Ibn SN 2006jc in the optical, SN 2022ablq is roughly an order of magnitude more luminous in the X-rays, reaching unabsorbed luminosities $L_X$ $\sim$ 3$\times$10$^{40}$ erg s$^{-1}$ between 0.2 - 10 keV. From these X-ray observations we infer time-varying mass-loss rates between 0.05 - 0.5 $M_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$ peaking 0.5 - 2 yr before explosion. This complex mass-loss history and circumstellar environment disfavor steady-state winds as the primary progenitor mass-loss mechanism. We also search for precursor emission from alternative mass-loss mechanisms, such as eruptive outbursts, in forced photometry during the two years before explosion. We find no statistically significant detections brighter than M $\approx$ -14 -- too shallow to rule out precursor events similar to those observed for other SNe Ibn. Finally, numerical models of the explosion of a $\sim$15 $M_\odot$ helium star that undergoes an eruptive outburst $\approx$1.8 years before explosion are consistent with the observed bolometric light curve. We conclude that our observations disfavor a Wolf-Rayet star progenitor losing He-rich material via stellar winds and instead favor lower-mass progenitor models, including Roche-lobe overflow in helium stars with compact binary companions or stars that undergo eruptive outbursts during late-stage nucleosynthesis stages., Comment: 23 pages, 8 figures, submitted to ApJ. Comments welcome
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- 2024
9. Mapping the Inner 0.1 pc of a Supermassive Black Hole Environment with the Tidal Disruption Event and Extreme Coronal Line Emitter AT 2022upj
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Newsome, Megan, Arcavi, Iair, Howell, D. Andrew, McCully, Curtis, Terreran, Giacomo, Hosseinzadeh, Griffin, Bostroem, K. Azalee, Dgany, Yael, Farah, Joseph, Faris, Sara, Padilla-Gonzalez, Estefania, Pellegrino, Craig, and Andrews, Moira
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Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
Extreme coronal line emitters (ECLEs) are objects showing transient high-ionization lines in the centers of galaxies. They have been attributed to echoes of high-energy flares of ionizing radiation, such as those produced by tidal disruption events (TDEs), but have only recently been observed within hundreds of days after an optical transient was detected. AT 2022upj is a nuclear UV-optical flare at z=0.054 with spectra showing [Fe X] {\lambda}6375 and [Fe XIV] {\lambda}5303 during the optical peak, the earliest presence of extreme coronal lines during an ongoing transient. AT 2022upj is also the second ever ECLE (and first with a concurrent flare) to show broad He II {\lambda}4686 emission, a key signature of optical/UV TDEs. We also detect X-ray emission during the optical transient phase, which may be related to the source of ionizing photons for the extreme coronal lines. Finally, we analyze the spectroscopic evolution of each emission line and find that [Fe X] and [Fe XIV] weaken within 400d of optical peak, while [Fe VII] {\lambda}5720, [Fe VII] {\lambda}6087, and [O III] {\lambda}{\lambda}4959,5007 emerge over the same period. The velocities of the iron lines indicate circumnuclear gas within 0.1pc of the central supermassive black hole (SMBH), while a dust echo inferred from NEOWISE data indicates that circumnuclear dust lies at a minimum of 0.4pc away, providing evidence of stratified material around a SMBH. AT 2022upj is the first confirmed ECLE-TDE with clear signatures of both classes. This event's spectroscopic evolution on a $\sim$year unveils the impact of highly energetic flares such as TDEs on the complex environments around SMBHs., Comment: 19 pages, 17 figures. Under review by ApJ
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- 2024
10. A systematically-selected sample of luminous, long-duration, ambiguous nuclear transients
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Wiseman, P., Williams, R. D., Arcavi, I., Galbany, L., Graham, M. J., Hönig, S., Newsome, M., Subrayan, B., Sullivan, M., Wang, Y., Ilić, D., Nicholl, M., Oates, S., Petrushevska, T., and Smith, K. W.
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Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
We present a search for luminous, long-duration ambiguous nuclear transients (ANTs) similar to the unprecedented discovery of the extreme, ambiguous event AT2021lwx with a $>150$ d rise time and luminosity $10^{45.7}$ erg s$^{-1}$. We use the Lasair transient broker to search Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) data for transients lasting more than one year and exhibiting smooth declines. Our search returns 59 events, seven of which we classify as ANTs assumed to be driven by accretion onto supermassive black holes. We propose the remaining 52 are stochastic variability from regular supermassive black hole accretion rather than distinct transients. We supplement the seven ANTs with three nuclear transients in ZTF that fail the light curve selection but have clear single flares and spectra that do not resemble typical AGN. All but one of these 10 ANTs have a mid-infrared flare from an assumed dust echo, implying the ubiquity of dust around the black holes giving rise to ANTs. No events are more luminous than AT2021lwx, but one (ZTF19aamrjar) has twice the duration and a higher integrated energy release. On the other extreme, ZTF20abodaps reaches a luminosity close to AT2021lwx with a rise time $<20$ d and that fades smoothly in $>600$ d. We define a portion of rise-time versus flare amplitude space that selects ANTs with $\sim50$ per cent purity against variable active galactic nuclei. We calculate a volumetric rate of $\gtrsim 3\times10^{-11}$ Mpc$^{-1}$ yr$^{-1}$, consistent with the events being caused by tidal disruptions of intermediate and high-mass stars., Comment: 17 pages, 8 figures plus appendix. Submitted to MNRAS. Data available at https://github.com/wisemanp/ANTs-Nest
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- 2024
11. The story of SN 2021aatd -- a peculiar 1987A-like supernova with an early-phase luminosity excess
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Szalai, T., Könyves-Tóth, R., Nagy, A. P., Hiramatsu, D., Arcavi, I., Bostroem, A., Howell, D. A., Farah, J., McCully, C., Newsome, M., Gonzalez, E. Padilla, Pellegrino, C., Terreran, G., Berger, E., Blanchard, P., Gomez, S., Székely, P., Bánhidi, D., Bíró, I. B., Csányi, I., Pál, A., Rho, J., and Vinkó, J.
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Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
There is a growing number of peculiar events that cannot be assigned to any of the main supernova (SN) classes. SN 1987A and a handful of similar objects, thought to be explosive outcomes of blue supergiant stars, belong to them: while their spectra closely resemble those of H-rich (IIP) SNe, their light-curve (LC) evolution is very different. Here we present the detailed photometric and spectroscopic analysis of SN 2021aatd, a peculiar Type II explosion: while its early-time evolution resembles that of the slowly evolving, double-peaked SN 2020faa (however, at a lower luminosity scale), after $\sim$40 days, its LC shape becomes similar to that of SN 1987A-like explosions. Beyond comparing LCs, color curves, and spectra of SN 2021aatd to that of SNe 2020faa, 1987A, and of other objects, we compare the observed spectra with our own SYN++ models and with the outputs of published radiative transfer models. We also modeled the pseudo-bolometric LCs of SNe 2021aatd and 1987A assuming a two-component (core+shell) ejecta, and involving the rotational energy of a newborn magnetar in addition to radioactive decay. We find that both the photometric and spectroscopic evolution of SN 2021aatd can be well described with the explosion of a $\sim$15 $M_\odot$ blue supergiant star. Nevertheless, SN 2021aatd shows higher temperatures and weaker Na ID and Ba II 6142 A lines than SN 1987A, which is reminiscent of rather to IIP-like atmospheres. With the applied two-component ejecta model (counting with both decay and magnetar energy), we can successfully describe the bolometric LC of SN 2021aatd, including the first $\sim$40-day long phase showing an excess compared to 87A-like SNe but being strikingly similar to that of the long-lived SN 2020faa. Nevertheless, finding a unified model that also explains the LCs of more luminous events (like SN 2020faa) is still a matter of concern., Comment: 24 pages, 18 figures, 10 tables; accepted for publication in A&A
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- 2024
12. Extended Shock Breakout and Early Circumstellar Interaction in SN 2024ggi
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Shrestha, Manisha, Bostroem, K. Azalee, Sand, David J., Hosseinzadeh, Griffin, Andrews, Jennifer E., Dong, Yize, Hoang, Emily, Janzen, Daryl, Pearson, Jeniveve, Jencson, Jacob E., Lundquist, M. J., Mehta, Darshana, Ravi, Aravind P., Retamal, Nicolas Meza, Valenti, Stefano, Brown, Peter J., Jha, Saurabh W., Macrie, Colin, Hsu, Brian, Farah, Joseph, Howell, D. Andrew, McCully, Curtis, Newsome, Megan, Gonzalez, Estefania Padilla, Pellegrino, Craig, Terreran, Giacomo, Kwok, Lindsey, Smith, Nathan, Schwab, Michaela, Martas, Aidan, Munoz, Ricardo R., Medina, Gustavo E., Li, Ting S., Diaz, Paula, Hiramatsu, Daichi, Tucker, Brad E., Wheeler, J. C., Wang, Xiaofeng, Zhai, Qian, Zhang, Jujia, Gangopadhyay, Anjasha, Yang, Yi, and Gutierez, Claudia P.
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Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
We present high-cadence photometric and spectroscopic observations of supernova (SN) 2024ggi, a Type II SN with flash spectroscopy features which exploded in the nearby galaxy NGC 3621 at $\sim$7 Mpc. The light-curve evolution over the first 30 hours can be fit by two power law indices with a break after 22 hours, rising from $M_V \approx -12.95$ mag at +0.66 days to $M_V \approx -17.91$ mag after 7 days. In addition, the densely sampled color curve shows a strong blueward evolution over the first few days and then behaves as a normal SN II with a redward evolution as the ejecta cool. Such deviations could be due to interaction with circumstellar material (CSM). Early high- and low-resolution spectra clearly show high-ionization flash features from the first spectrum to +3.42 days after the explosion. From the high-resolution spectra, we calculate the CSM velocity to be 37 $\pm~4~\mathrm{km\,s^{-1}} $. We also see the line strength evolve rapidly from 1.22 to 1.49 days in the earliest high-resolution spectra. Comparison of the low-resolution spectra with CMFGEN models suggests that the pre-explosion mass-loss rate of SN 2024ggi falls in a range of $10^{-3}$ to $10^{-2}$ M$_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$, which is similar to that derived for SN 2023ixf. However, the rapid temporal evolution of the narrow lines in the spectra of SN 2024ggi ($R_\mathrm{CSM} \sim 2.7 \times 10^{14} \mathrm{cm}$) could indicate a smaller spatial extent of the CSM than in SN 2023ixf ($R_\mathrm{CSM} \sim 5.4 \times 10^{14} \mathrm{cm}$) which in turn implies lower total CSM mass for SN 2024ggi., Comment: 23 pages, 15 figures, 4 tables, accepted for publication in ApJL
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- 2024
13. SN2023fyq: A Type Ibn Supernova With Long-standing Precursor Activity Due to Binary Interaction
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Dong, Yize, Tsuna, Daichi, Valenti, Stefano, Sand, David J., Andrews, Jennifer E., Bostroem, K. Azalee, Hosseinzadeh, Griffin, Hoang, Emily, Jha, Saurabh W., Janzen, Daryl, Jencson, Jacob E., Lundquist, Michael, Mehta, Darshana, Ravi, Aravind P., Retamal, Nicolas E. Meza, Pearson, Jeniveve, Shrestha, Manisha, Bonanos, Alceste, Howell, D. Andrew, Smith, Nathan, Farah, Joseph, Hiramatsu, Daichi, Itagaki, Koichi, McCully, Curtis, Newsome, Megan, Gonzalez, Estefania Padilla, Paraskeva, Emmanouela N., Pellegrino, Craig, Terreran, Giacomo, Haislip, Joshua, Kouprianov, Vladimir, and Reichart, Daniel E.
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Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
We present photometric and spectroscopic observations of SN 2023fyq, a type Ibn supernova in the nearby galaxy NGC 4388 (D$\simeq$18~Mpc). In addition, we trace long-standing precursor emission at the position of SN 2023fyq using data from DLT40, ATLAS, ZTF, ASAS-SN, Swift, and amateur astronomer Koichi Itagaki. Precursor activity is observed up to nearly three years before the supernova explosion, with a relatively rapid rise in the final 100 days. The double-peaked post-explosion light curve reaches a luminosity of $\sim10^{43}~\rm erg\,s^{-1}$. The strong intermediate-width He lines observed in the nebular spectrum of SN 2023fyq imply the interaction is still active at late phases. We found that the precursor activity in SN 2023fyq is best explained by the mass transfer in a binary system involving a low-mass He star and a compact companion. An equatorial disk is likely formed in this process ($\sim$0.6$\rm M_{\odot}$), and the interaction of SN ejecta with this disk powers the main peak of the supernova. The early SN light curve reveals the presence of dense extended material ($\sim$0.3$\rm M_{\odot}$) at $\sim$3000$\rm R_{\odot}$ ejected weeks before the SN explosion, likely due to final-stage core silicon burning or runaway mass transfer resulting from binary orbital shrinking, leading to rapid rising precursor emission within $\sim$30 days prior to explosion. The final explosion could be triggered either by the core-collapse of the He star or by the merger of the He star with a compact object. SN 2023fyq, along with SN 2018gjx and SN 2015G, forms a unique class of Type Ibn SNe which originate in binary systems and are likely to exhibit detectable long-lasting pre-explosion outbursts with magnitudes ranging from $-$10 to $-$13., Comment: submitted to ApJ
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- 2024
14. Charting the Path to Equality in Literacy Instruction: A Precision Teaching Project in a Title-1 School
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Newsome, Donny, Miller, Scott A., Newsome, Kendra, and Sheddy, Funmi A.
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- 2024
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15. Verbal Learning and Memory Deficits across Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Insights from an ENIGMA Mega Analysis.
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Kennedy, Eamonn, Liebel, Spencer, Lindsey, Hannah, Vadlamani, Shashank, Lei, Pui-Wa, Adamson, Maheen, Alda, Martin, Alonso-Lana, Silvia, Anderson, Tim, Arango, Celso, Asarnow, Robert, Avram, Mihai, Ayesa-Arriola, Rosa, Babikian, Talin, Banaj, Nerisa, Bird, Laura, Borgwardt, Stefan, Brodtmann, Amy, Brosch, Katharina, Caeyenberghs, Karen, Calhoun, Vince, Chiaravalloti, Nancy, Cifu, David, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Dalrymple-Alford, John, Dams-OConnor, Kristen, Dannlowski, Udo, Darby, David, Davenport, Nicholas, DeLuca, John, Diaz-Caneja, Covadonga, Disner, Seth, Dobryakova, Ekaterina, Ehrlich, Stefan, Esopenko, Carrie, Ferrarelli, Fabio, Frank, Lea, Franz, Carol, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola, Genova, Helen, Giza, Christopher, Goltermann, Janik, Grotegerd, Dominik, Gruber, Marius, Gutierrez-Zotes, Alfonso, Ha, Minji, Haavik, Jan, Hinkin, Charles, Hoskinson, Kristen, Hubl, Daniela, Irimia, Andrei, Jansen, Andreas, Kaess, Michael, Kang, Xiaojian, Kenney, Kimbra, Keřková, Barbora, Khlif, Mohamed, Kim, Minah, Kindler, Jochen, Kircher, Tilo, Knížková, Karolina, Kolskår, Knut, Krch, Denise, Kremen, William, Kuhn, Taylor, Kumari, Veena, Kwon, Junsoo, Langella, Roberto, Laskowitz, Sarah, Lee, Jungha, Lengenfelder, Jean, Liou-Johnson, Victoria, Lippa, Sara, Løvstad, Marianne, Lundervold, Astri, Marotta, Cassandra, Marquardt, Craig, Mattos, Paulo, Mayeli, Ahmad, McDonald, Carrie, Meinert, Susanne, Melzer, Tracy, Merchán-Naranjo, Jessica, Michel, Chantal, Morey, Rajendra, Mwangi, Benson, Myall, Daniel, Nenadić, Igor, Newsome, Mary, Nunes, Abraham, OBrien, Terence, Oertel, Viola, Ollinger, John, Olsen, Alexander, Ortiz García de la Foz, Victor, Ozmen, Mustafa, Pardoe, Heath, Parent, Marise, Piras, Fabrizio, and Piras, Federica
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Parkinson’s disease ,attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ,bipolar disorder ,dementia ,depression ,memory ,schizophrenia ,stroke ,traumatic brain injury ,verbal learning - Abstract
Deficits in memory performance have been linked to a wide range of neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions. While many studies have assessed the memory impacts of individual conditions, this study considers a broader perspective by evaluating how memory recall is differentially associated with nine common neuropsychiatric conditions using data drawn from 55 international studies, aggregating 15,883 unique participants aged 15-90. The effects of dementia, mild cognitive impairment, Parkinsons disease, traumatic brain injury, stroke, depression, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder on immediate, short-, and long-delay verbal learning and memory (VLM) scores were estimated relative to matched healthy individuals. Random forest models identified age, years of education, and site as important VLM covariates. A Bayesian harmonization approach was used to isolate and remove site effects. Regression estimated the adjusted association of each clinical group with VLM scores. Memory deficits were strongly associated with dementia and schizophrenia (p < 0.001), while neither depression nor ADHD showed consistent associations with VLM scores (p > 0.05). Differences associated with clinical conditions were larger for longer delayed recall duration items. By comparing VLM across clinical conditions, this study provides a foundation for enhanced diagnostic precision and offers new insights into disease management of comorbid disorders.
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- 2024
16. Final Moments II: Observational Properties and Physical Modeling of CSM-Interacting Type II Supernovae
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Jacobson-Galán, W. V., Dessart, L., Davis, K. W., Kilpatrick, C. D., Margutti, R., Foley, R. J., Chornock, R., Terreran, G., Hiramatsu, D., Newsome, M., Gonzalez, E. Padilla, Pellegrino, C., Howell, D. A., Filippenko, A. V., Anderson, J. P., Angus, C. R., Auchettl, K., Bostroem, K. A., Brink, T. G., Cartier, R., Coulter, D. A., de Boer, T., Drout, M. R., Earl, N., Ertini, K., Farah, J. R., Farias, D., Gall, C., Gao, H., Gerlach, M. A., Guo, F., Haynie, A., Hosseinzadeh, G., Ibik, A. L., Jha, S. W., Jones, D. O., Langeroodi, D., LeBaron, N, Magnier, E. A., Piro, A. L., Raimundo, S. I., Rest, A., Rest, S., Rich, R. Michael, Rojas-Bravo, C., Sears, H., Taggart, K., Villar, V. A., Wainscoat, R. J., Wang, X-F., Wasserman, A. R., Yan, S., Yang, Y., Zhang, J., and Zheng, W.
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Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
We present ultraviolet/optical/near-infrared observations and modeling of Type II supernovae (SNe II) whose early-time ($\delta t < 2$ days) spectra show transient, narrow emission lines from shock ionization of confined ($r < 10^{15}$ cm) circumstellar material (CSM). The observed electron-scattering broadened line profiles (i.e., IIn-like) of HI, He I/II, C III/IV, and N III/IV/V from the CSM persist on a characteristic timescale ($t_{\rm IIn}$) that marks a transition to a lower-density CSM and the emergence of Doppler-broadened features from the fast-moving SN ejecta. Our sample, the largest to date, consists of 39 SNe with early-time IIn-like features in addition to 35 "comparison" SNe with no evidence of early-time IIn-like features, all with ultraviolet observations. The total sample consists of 50 unpublished objects with 474 previously unpublished spectra and 50 multiband light curves, collected primarily through the Young Supernova Experiment and Global Supernova Project collaborations. For all sample objects, we find a significant correlation between peak ultraviolet brightness and both $t_{\rm IIn}$ and the rise time, as well as evidence for enhanced peak luminosities in SNe II with IIn-like features. We quantify mass-loss rates and CSM density for the sample through matching of peak multiband absolute magnitudes, rise times, $t_{\rm IIn}$ and optical SN spectra with a grid of radiation hydrodynamics and non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (nLTE) radiative-transfer simulations. For our grid of models, all with the same underlying explosion, there is a trend between the duration of the electron-scattering broadened line profiles and inferred mass-loss rate: $t_{\rm IIn} \approx 3.8[\dot{M}/(0.01 \textrm{M}_{\odot} \textrm{yr}^{-1})]$ days., Comment: 58 pages, 24 figures, submitted to ApJ. Supplementary figures available on Github (https://github.com/wynnjacobson-galan/Flash_Spectra_Sample). Data release following publication
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- 2024
17. Circumstellar interaction signatures in the low luminosity type II SN 2021gmj
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Meza-Retamal, Nicolas, Dong, Yize, Bostroem, K. Azalee, Valenti, Stefano, Galbany, Lluis, Pearson, Jeniveve, Hosseinzadeh, Griffin, Andrews, Jennifer E., Sand, David J., Jencson, Jacob E., Janzen, Daryl, Lundquist, Michael J., Hoang, Emily T., Wyatt, Samuel, Brown, Peter J., Howell, D. Andrew, Newsome, Megan, Gonzalez, Estefania Padilla, Pellegrino, Craig, Terreran, Giacomo, Kouprianov, Vladimir, Hiramatsu, Daichi, Jha, Saurabh W., Smith, Nathan, Haislip, Joshua, Reichart, Daniel E., Shrestha, Manisha, and Rosales-Ortega, F. Fabián
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Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
We present comprehensive optical observations of SN~2021gmj, a Type II supernova (SN~II) discovered within a day of explosion by the Distance Less Than 40~Mpc (DLT40) survey. Follow-up observations show that SN~2021gmj is a low-luminosity SN~II (LL~SN~II), with a peak magnitude $M_V = -15.45$ and Fe~II velocity of $\sim 1800 \ \mathrm{km} \ \mathrm{s}^{-1}$ at 50 days past explosion. Using the expanding photosphere method, we derive a distance of $17.8^{+0.6}_{-0.4}$~Mpc. From the tail of the light curve we obtain a radioactive nickel mass of $0.014 \pm 0.001$ M$_{\odot}$. The presence of circumstellar material (CSM) is suggested by the early-time light curve, early spectra, and high-velocity H$\alpha$ in absorption. Analytical shock-cooling models of the light curve cannot reproduce the fast rise, supporting the idea that the early-time emission is partially powered by the interaction of the SN ejecta and CSM. The inferred low CSM mass of 0.025 M$_{\odot}$ in our hydrodynamic-modeling light curve analysis is also consistent with our spectroscopy. We observe a broad feature near 4600 \AA, which may be high-ionization lines of C, N, or/and He~II. This feature is reproduced by radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of red supergiants with extended atmospheres. Several LL~SNe~II show similar spectral features, implying that high-density material around the progenitor may be common among them., Comment: Accepted version at ApJ
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- 2024
18. A New Population of Mid-Infrared-Selected Tidal Disruption Events: Implications for Tidal Disruption Event Rates and Host Galaxy Properties
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Masterson, Megan, De, Kishalay, Panagiotou, Christos, Kara, Erin, Arcavi, Iair, Eilers, Anna-Christina, Frostig, Danielle, Gezari, Suvi, Grotova, Iuliia, Liu, Zhu, Malyali, Adam, Meisner, Aaron M., Merloni, Andrea, Newsome, Megan, Rau, Arne, Simcoe, Robert A., and van Velzen, Sjoert
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Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
Most tidal disruption events (TDEs) are currently found in time-domain optical and soft X-ray surveys, both of which are prone to significant obscuration. The infrared (IR), however, is a powerful probe of dust-enshrouded environments, and hence, we recently performed a systematic search of NEOWISE mid-IR data for nearby, obscured TDEs within roughly 200 Mpc. We identified 18 TDE candidates in galactic nuclei, using difference imaging to uncover nuclear variability amongst significant host galaxy emission. These candidates were selected based on the following IR light curve properties: (1) $L_\mathrm{W2}\gtrsim10^{42}$ erg s$^{-1}$ at peak, (2) fast rise, followed by a slow, monotonic decline, (3) no significant prior variability, and (4) no evidence for AGN activity in WISE colors. The majority of these sources showed no variable optical counterpart, suggesting that optical surveys indeed miss numerous obscured TDEs. Using narrow line ionization levels and variability arguments, we identified 6 sources as possible underlying AGN, yielding a total of 12 TDEs in our gold sample. This gold sample yields a lower limit on the IR-selected TDE rate of $2.0\pm0.3\times10^{-5}$ galaxy$^{-1}$ year$^{-1}$ ($1.3\pm0.2\times10^{-7}$ Mpc$^{-3}$ year$^{-1}$), which is comparable to optical and X-ray TDE rates. The IR-selected TDE host galaxies do not show a green valley overdensity nor a preference for quiescent, Balmer strong galaxies, which are both overrepresented in optical and X-ray TDE samples. This IR-selected sample represents a new population of dusty TDEs that have historically been missed by optical and X-ray surveys and helps alleviate tensions between observed and theoretical TDE rates and the so-called missing energy problem., Comment: 28 pages, 13 figures (+ 7 pages, 4 figures in appendix), accepted for publication in ApJ
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- 2024
19. Hemodynamic responses to the cold pressor test in individuals with metabolic syndrome: a case-control study in a multiracial sample of adults
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Stavres, Jon, Vallecillo-Bustos, Anabelle, Newsome, Ta’Quoris A., Aultman, Ryan S., Brandner, Caleb F., and Graybeal, Austin J.
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- 2024
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20. A Writing Center's Hybrid Approach to Supporting English Academic Writing Skills among L2 Postgraduates
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Mary Newsome, Mohammad Mollazehi, Mounia Zidani, Randa Sheik, and Jumana Amiry
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Postgraduate research plays an important role in the knowledge economy, yet attrition rates among postgraduates remain a global concern. Numerous studies have cited anxiety around academic writing as a primary cause for declining completion rates, particularly among L2 students. Further exacerbating the problem is the acceleration of academic life where students are often expected to publish multiple papers prior to graduation. Despite assumptions that L2 postgraduates matriculate with requisite English academic writing skills, countless studies suggest otherwise. Such students face significant challenges developing these skills and accessing relevant institutional support, which calls for innovative solutions. This mixed-method comparative study analyzes historical data to understand the impact of a writing center's hybrid approach to supporting the development of English academic writing skills among L2 postgraduates. Findings reveal that postgraduate students require flexibility in accessing academic writing support and prefer online and distance options over traditional, in-person support. Additionally, findings indicate that program faculty are willing to collaborate with writing centers to support students' academic writing through a hybrid approach. Study findings also suggest that participants from the hybrid approach are more likely to publish prior to graduation compared to those from the traditional approach. These findings offer important insight for higher education administrators, writing centers, faculty, and postgraduate students as the "onlining" of higher education accelerates in the post-COVID era.
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- 2023
21. ENIGMAs simple seven: Recommendations to enhance the reproducibility of resting-state fMRI in traumatic brain injury.
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Esopenko, Carrie, de Souza, Nicola, Dominguez D, Juan, Newsome, Mary, Dobryakova, Ekaterina, Cwiek, Andrew, Mullin, Hollie, Kim, Nicholas, Mayer, Andrew, Adamson, Maheen, Bickart, Kevin, Breedlove, Katherine, Dennis, Emily, Disner, Seth, Haswell, Courtney, Hodges, Cooper, Hoskinson, Kristen, Johnson, Paula, Königs, Marsh, Li, Lucia, Liebel, Spencer, Livny, Abigail, Morey, Rajendra, Muir, Alexandra, Olsen, Alexander, Razi, Adeel, Su, Matthew, Tate, David, Velez, Carmen, Wilde, Elisabeth, Zielinski, Brandon, Thompson, Paul, Hillary, Frank, Caeyenberghs, Karen, Imms, Phoebe, Irimia, Andrei, and Monti, Martin
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Functional MRI ,Functional connectivity ,Lesions ,Reproducibility ,Resting state fMRI ,Traumatic brain injury - Abstract
Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) provides researchers and clinicians with a powerful tool to examine functional connectivity across large-scale brain networks, with ever-increasing applications to the study of neurological disorders, such as traumatic brain injury (TBI). While rsfMRI holds unparalleled promise in systems neurosciences, its acquisition and analytical methodology across research groups is variable, resulting in a literature that is challenging to integrate and interpret. The focus of this narrative review is to address the primary methodological issues including investigator decision points in the application of rsfMRI to study the consequences of TBI. As part of the ENIGMA Brain Injury working group, we have collaborated to identify a minimum set of recommendations that are designed to produce results that are reliable, harmonizable, and reproducible for the TBI imaging research community. Part one of this review provides the results of a literature search of current rsfMRI studies of TBI, highlighting key design considerations and data processing pipelines. Part two outlines seven data acquisition, processing, and analysis recommendations with the goal of maximizing study reliability and between-site comparability, while preserving investigator autonomy. Part three summarizes new directions and opportunities for future rsfMRI studies in TBI patients. The goal is to galvanize the TBI community to gain consensus for a set of rigorous and reproducible methods, and to increase analytical transparency and data sharing to address the reproducibility crisis in the field.
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- 2024
22. SynthScribe: Deep Multimodal Tools for Synthesizer Sound Retrieval and Exploration
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Brade, Stephen, Wang, Bryan, Sousa, Mauricio, Newsome, Gregory Lee, Oore, Sageev, and Grossman, Tovi
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Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ,Computer Science - Sound ,Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing - Abstract
Synthesizers are powerful tools that allow musicians to create dynamic and original sounds. Existing commercial interfaces for synthesizers typically require musicians to interact with complex low-level parameters or to manage large libraries of premade sounds. To address these challenges, we implement SynthScribe -- a fullstack system that uses multimodal deep learning to let users express their intentions at a much higher level. We implement features which address a number of difficulties, namely 1) searching through existing sounds, 2) creating completely new sounds, 3) making meaningful modifications to a given sound. This is achieved with three main features: a multimodal search engine for a large library of synthesizer sounds; a user centered genetic algorithm by which completely new sounds can be created and selected given the users preferences; a sound editing support feature which highlights and gives examples for key control parameters with respect to a text or audio based query. The results of our user studies show SynthScribe is capable of reliably retrieving and modifying sounds while also affording the ability to create completely new sounds that expand a musicians creative horizon.
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- 2023
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23. Light-Curve Structure and Halpha Line Formation in the Tidal Disruption Event AT 2019azh
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Faris, Sara, Arcavi, Iair, Makrygianni, Lydia, Hiramatsu, Daichi, Terreran, Giacomo, Farah, Joseph, Howell, D. Andrew, McCully, Curtis, Newsome, Megan, Gonzalez, Estefania Padilla, Pellegrino, Craig, Bostroem, K. Azalee, Abojanb, Wiam, Lam, Marco C., Tomasella, Lina, Brink, Thomas G., Filippenko, Alexei V., French, K. Decker, Clark, Peter, Graur, Or, Leloudas, Giorgos, Gromadzki, Mariusz, Anderson, Joseph P., Nicholl, Matt, Gutierrez, Claudia P., Kankare, Erkki, Inserra, Cosimo, Galbany, Luis, Reynolds, Thomas, Mattila, Seppo, Heikkila, Teppo, Wang, Yanan, Onori, Francesca, Wevers, Thomas, Charalampopoulos, Panos, and Johansson, Joel
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Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
AT 2019azh is a H+He tidal disruption event (TDE) with one of the most extensive ultraviolet and optical data sets available to date. We present our photometric and spectroscopic observations of this event starting several weeks before and out to approximately two years after the g-band peak brightness and combine them with public photometric data. This extensive data set robustly reveals a change in the light-curve slope and a possible bump in the rising light curve of a TDE for the first time, which may indicate more than one dominant emission mechanism contributing to the pre-peak light curve. Indeed, we find that the MOSFiT-derived parameters of AT 2019azh, which assume reprocessed accretion as the sole source of emission, are not entirely self-consistent. We further confirm the relation seen in previous TDEs whereby the redder emission peaks later than the bluer emission. The post-peak bolometric light curve of AT 2019azh is better described by an exponential decline than by the canonical t^{-5/3} (and in fact any) power-law decline. We find a possible mid-infrared excess around the peak optical luminosity, but cannot determine its origin. In addition, we provide the earliest measurements of the Halpha emission-line evolution and find no significant time delay between the peak of the V-band light curve and that of the Halpha luminosity. These results can be used to constrain future models of TDE line formation and emission mechanisms in general. More pre-peak 1-2 days cadence observations of TDEs are required to determine whether the characteristics observed here are common among TDEs. More importantly, detailed emission models are needed to fully exploit such observations for understanding the emission physics of TDEs., Comment: Submitted to ApJ
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- 2023
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24. SN 2022jox: An extraordinarily ordinary Type II SN with Flash Spectroscopy
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Andrews, Jennifer E., Pearson, Jeniveve, Hosseinzadeh, Griffin, Bostroem, K. Azalee, Dong, Yize, Shrestha, Manisha, Jencson, Jacob E., Sand, David J., Valenti, S., Hoang, Emily, Janzen, Daryl, Lundquist, M. J., Meza, Nicolas, Wyatt, Samuel, Jha, Saurabh W., Simpson, Chris, Farah, Joseph, Gonzalez, Estefania Padilla, Howell, D. Andrew, McCully, Curtis, Newsome, Megan, Pellegrino, Craig, and Terreran, Giacomo
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Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
We present high cadence optical and ultraviolet observations of the Type II supernova (SN), SN 2022jox which exhibits early spectroscopic high ionization flash features of \ion{H}{1}, \ion{He}{2}, \ion{C}{4}, and \ion{N}{4} that disappear within the first few days after explosion. SN 2022jox was discovered by the Distance Less than 40 Mpc (DLT40) survey $\sim$0.75 days after explosion with followup spectra and UV photometry obtained within minutes of discovery. The SN reached a peak brightness of M$_V \sim$ $-$17.3 mag, and has an estimated $^{56}$Ni mass of 0.04 M$_{\odot}$, typical values for normal Type II SNe. The modeling of the early lightcurve and the strong flash signatures present in the optical spectra indicate interaction with circumstellar material (CSM) created from a progenitor with a mass loss rate of $\dot{M} \sim 10^{-3}-10^{-2}\ M_\odot\ \mathrm{yr}^{-1}$. There may also be some indication of late-time CSM interaction in the form of an emission line blueward of H$\alpha$ seen in spectra around 200 days. The mass-loss rate is much higher than the values typically associated with quiescent mass loss from red supergiants, the known progenitors of Type II SNe, but is comparable to inferred values from similar core collapse SNe with flash features, suggesting an eruptive event or a superwind in the progenitor in the months or years before explosion., Comment: ApJ, accepted 2024 Feb 14
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- 2023
25. How ‘green’ electricity from wood harms the planet — and people
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Newsome, Melba
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- 2024
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26. Neuroscientists must not be afraid to study religion
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McNamara, Patrick, Newsome, William, Linkenhoker, Brie, and Grafman, Jordan
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- 2024
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27. Disentangling Ecosystem Necromass Dynamics for Biodiversity Conservation
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Barton, Philip S., Schultz, Nick, Butterworth, Nathan J., Ulyshen, Michael D., Mateo-Tomás, Patricia, and Newsome, Thomas M.
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- 2024
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28. Exercise pressor responses are exaggerated relative to force production during, but not following, thirty-minutes of rhythmic handgrip exercise
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Stavres, Jon, Aultman, Ryan S., and Newsome, Ta’Quoris A.
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- 2024
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29. Flooding, season and habitat interact to drive changes in vertebrate scavenging and carcass persistence rates
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Krige, Zyna, Spencer, Emma E., Crowther, Mathew S., Dickman, Christopher R., and Newsome, Thomas M.
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- 2024
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30. Implications of Bias in Artificial Intelligence: Considerations for Cardiovascular Imaging
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van Assen, Marly, Beecy, Ashley, Gershon, Gabrielle, Newsome, Janice, Trivedi, Hari, and Gichoya, Judy
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- 2024
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31. Expanding clinical profiles and prognostic markers in stiff person syndrome spectrum disorders
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Wang, Yujie, Hu, Chen, Aljarallah, Salman, Reyes Mantilla, Maria, Mukharesh, Loulwah, Simpson, Alexandra, Roy, Shuvro, Harrison, Kimystian, Shoemaker, Thomas, Comisac, Michael, Balshi, Alexandra, Obando, Danielle, Maldonado, Daniela A. Pimentel, Koshorek, Jacqueline, Snoops, Sarah, Fitzgerald, Kathryn C., and Newsome, Scott D.
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- 2024
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32. Evidence of weak circumstellar medium interaction in the Type II SN 2023axu
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Shrestha, Manisha, Pearson, Jeniveve, Wyatt, Samuel, Sand, David J., Hosseinzadeh, Griffin, Bostroem, K. Azalee, Andrews, Jennifer E., Dong, Yize, Hoang, Emily, Janzen, Daryl, Jencson, Jacob E., Lundquist, M. J., Mehta, Darshana, Retamal, 4 Nicolas Meza, Valenti, Stefano, Rastinejad, Jillian C., Daly, Phil, Porter, Dallan, Hinz, Joannah, Self, Skyler, Weiner, Benjamin, Williams, Grant G., Hiramatsu, Daichi, Howell, D. Andrew, McCully, Curtis, Gonzalez, Estefania Padilla, Pellegrino, Craig, Terreran, Giacomo, Newsome, Megan, Farah, Joseph, Itagaki, Koichi, Jha, Saurabh W., Kwok, Lindsey, Smith, Nathan, Schwab, Michaela, Rho, Jeonghee, and Yang, Yi
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Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
We present high-cadence photometric and spectroscopic observations of SN~2023axu, a classical Type II supernova with an absolute $V$-band peak magnitude of $-16.5 \pm 0.1$ mag. SN~2023axu was discovered by the Distance Less Than 40 Mpc (DLT40) survey within 1 day of the last non-detection in the nearby galaxy NGC 2283 at 13.7 Mpc. We modeled the early light curve using a recently updated shock cooling model that includes the effects of line blanketing and found the explosion epoch to be MJD 59971.48 $\pm$ 0.03 and the probable progenitor to be a red supergiant with a radius of 417 $\pm$ 28 $R_\odot$. The shock cooling model cannot match the rise of observed data in the $r$ and $i$ bands and underpredicts the overall UV data which points to possible interaction with circumstellar material. This interpretation is further supported by spectral behavior. We see a ledge feature around 4600 \AA\ in the very early spectra (+1.1 and +1.5 days after the explosion) which can be a sign of circumstellar interaction. The signs of circumstellar material are further bolstered by the presence of absorption features blueward of H$\alpha$ and H$\beta$ at day $>$40 which is also generally attributed to circumstellar interaction. Our analysis shows the need for high-cadence early photometric and spectroscopic data to decipher the mass-loss history of the progenitor., Comment: 18 pages, 12 figures, to be submitted to the AAS Journals
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- 2023
33. SN 2022jli: a type Ic supernova with periodic modulation of its light curve and an unusually long rise
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T., Moore, J., Smartt S., M., Nicholl, S., Srivastav, F., Stevance H., B., Jess D., T., Grant S. D., D., Fulton M., L., Rhodes, A., Sim S., R., Hirai, P., Podsiadlowski, P., Anderson J., C., Ashall, W., Bate, R., Fender, P., Gutierrez C., A., Howell D., E., Huber M., C., Inserra, G., Leloudas, G., Monard L. A., E., Muller-Bravo T., J., Shappee B., W., Smith K., G., Terreran, J., Tonry, A., Tucker M., R., Young D., A., Aamer, -W., Chen T., F., Ragosta, L., Galbany, M., Gromadzki, L., Harvey, P., Hoeflich, C., McCully, M., Newsome, P., Gonzalez E., C., Pellegrino, P., Ramsden, M., Perez-Torres, J., Ridley E., X., Sheng, and J, Weston
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Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
We present multi-wavelength photometry and spectroscopy of SN 2022jli, an unprecedented Type Ic supernova discovered in the galaxy NGC 157 at a distance of $\approx$ 23 Mpc. The multi-band light curves reveal many remarkable characteristics. Peaking at a magnitude of $g=15.11\pm0.02$, the high-cadence photometry reveals 12.5$\pm0.2\ $day periodic undulations superimposed on the 200 day supernova decline. This periodicity is observed in the light curves from nine separate filter and instrument configurations with peak-to-peak amplitudes of $\simeq$ 0.1 mag. This is the first time that repeated periodic oscillations, over many cycles, have been detected in a supernova light curve. SN 2022jli also displays an extreme early excess which fades over $\approx$ 25 days followed by a rise to a peak luminosity of $L_{\rm opt} = 10^{42.1}$ erg s$^{-1}$. Although the exact explosion epoch is not constrained by data, the time from explosion to maximum light is $\gtrsim$ 59 days. The luminosity can be explained by a large ejecta mass ($M_{\rm ej}\approx12\pm6$M$_{\odot}$) powered by $^{56}$Ni but we find difficulty in quantitatively modelling the early excess with circumstellar interaction and cooling. Collision between the supernova ejecta and a binary companion is a possible source of this emission. We discuss the origin of the periodic variability in the light curve, including interaction of the SN ejecta with nested shells of circumstellar matter and neutron stars colliding with binary companions., Comment: Accepted in ApJL
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- 2023
34. Strong Carbon Features and a Red Early Color in the Underluminous Type Ia SN 2022xkq
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Pearson, Jeniveve, Sand, David J., Lundqvist, Peter, Galbany, Lluís, Andrews, Jennifer E., Bostroem, K. Azalee, Dong, Yize, Hoang, Emily, Hosseinzadeh, Griffin, Janzen, Daryl, Jencson, Jacob E., Lundquist, Michael J., Mehta, Darshana, Retamal, Nicolás Meza, Shrestha, Manisha, Valenti, Stefano, Wyatt, Samuel, Anderson, Joseph P., Ashall, Chris, Auchettl, Katie, Baron, Eddie, Blondin, Stéphane, Burns, Christopher R., Cai, Yongzhi, Chen, Ting-Wan, Chomiuk, Laura, Coulter, David A., Cross, Dane, Davis, Kyle W., de Jaeger, Thomas, DerKacy, James M., Desai, Dhvanil D., Dimitriadis, Georgios, Do, Aaron, Farah, Joseph R., Foley, Ryan J., Gromadzki, Mariusz, Gutiérrez, Claudia P., Haislip, Joshua, Hernández, Jonay I. González, Hinkle, Jason T., Hoogendam, Willem B., Howell, D. Andrew, Hoeflich, Peter, Hsiao, Eric, Huber, Mark E., Jha, Saurabh W., Palau, Cristina Jiménez, Kilpatrick, Charles D., Kouprianov, Vladimir, Kumar, Sahana, Kwok, Lindsey A., Larison, Conor, LeBaron, Natalie, Saux, Xavier Le, Lu, Jing, McCully, Curtis, Evans, Tycho Mera, Milne, Peter, Modjaz, Maryam, Morrell, Nidia, Müller-Bravo, Tomás E., Newsome, Megan, Nicholl, Matt, Gonzalez, Estefania Padilla, Payne, Anna V., Pellegrino, Craig, Phan, Kim, Pineda-García, Jonathan, Piro, Anthony L., Piscarreta, Lara, Polin, Abigail, Reichart, Daniel E., Rojas-Bravo, César, Ryder, Stuart D., Salmaso, Irene, Schwab, Michaela, Shahbandeh, Melissa, Shappee, Benjamin J., Siebert, Matthew R., Smith, Nathan, Strader, Jay, Taggart, Kirsty, Terreran, Giacomo, Tinyanont, Samaporn, Tucker, M. A., Valerin, Giorgio, and Young, D. R.
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Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
We present optical, infrared, ultraviolet, and radio observations of SN 2022xkq, an underluminous fast-declining type Ia supernova (SN Ia) in NGC 1784 ($\mathrm{D}\approx31$ Mpc), from $<1$ to 180 days after explosion. The high-cadence observations of SN 2022xkq, a photometrically transitional and spectroscopically 91bg-like SN Ia, cover the first days and weeks following explosion which are critical to distinguishing between explosion scenarios. The early light curve of SN 2022xkq has a red early color and exhibits a flux excess which is more prominent in redder bands; this is the first time such a feature has been seen in a transitional/91bg-like SN Ia. We also present 92 optical and 19 near-infrared (NIR) spectra, beginning 0.4 days after explosion in the optical and 2.6 days after explosion in the NIR. SN 2022xkq exhibits a long-lived C I 1.0693 $\mu$m feature which persists until 5 days post-maximum. We also detect C II $\lambda$6580 in the pre-maximum optical spectra. These lines are evidence for unburnt carbon that is difficult to reconcile with the double detonation of a sub-Chandrasekhar mass white dwarf. No existing explosion model can fully explain the photometric and spectroscopic dataset of SN 2022xkq, but the considerable breadth of the observations is ideal for furthering our understanding of the processes which produce faint SNe Ia., Comment: 38 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ, the figure 15 input models and synthetic spectra are now available at https://zenodo.org/record/8379254
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- 2023
35. SN 2022crv: IIb, Or Not IIb: That is the Question
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Dong, Yize, Valenti, Stefano, Ashall, Chris, Williamson, Marc, Sand, David J., Van Dyk, Schuyler D., Jha, Saurabh W., Lundquist, Michael, Modjaz, Maryam, Andrews, Jennifer E., Jencson, Jacob E., Hosseinzadeh, Griffin, Pearson, Jeniveve, Kwok, Lindsey A., Boland, Teresa, Hsiao, Eric Y., Smith, Nathan, Elias-Rosa, Nancy, Srivastav, Shubham, Smartt, Stephen, Fulton, Michael, Zheng, WeiKang, Brink, Thomas G., Filippenko, Alexei V., Shahbandeh, Melissa, Bostroem, K. Azalee, Hoang, Emily, Janzen, Daryl, Mehta, Darshana, Meza, Nicolas, Shrestha, Manisha, Wyatt, Samuel, Auchettl, Katie, Burns, Christopher R., Farah, Joseph, Galbany, L., Gonzalez, Estefania Padilla, Haislip, Joshua, Hinkle, Jason T., Howell, D. Andrew, De Jaeger, Thomas, Kouprianov, Vladimir, Kumar, Sahana, Lu, Jing, McCully, Curtis, Moran, Shane, Morrell, Nidia, Newsome, Megan, Pellegrino, Craig, Polin, Abigail, Reichart, Daniel E., Shappee, B. J., Stritzinger, Maximilian D., Terreran, Giacomo, and Tucker, M. A.
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Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
We present optical and near-infrared observations of SN~2022crv, a stripped envelope supernova in NGC~3054, discovered within 12 hrs of explosion by the Distance Less Than 40 Mpc Survey. We suggest SN~2022crv is a transitional object on the continuum between SNe Ib and SNe IIb. A high-velocity hydrogen feature ($\sim$$-$20,000 -- $-$16,000 $\rm km\,s^{-1}$) was conspicuous in SN~2022crv at early phases, and then quickly disappeared around maximum light. By comparing with hydrodynamic modeling, we find that a hydrogen envelope of $\sim 10^{-3}$ \msun{} can reproduce the behaviour of the hydrogen feature observed in SN~2022crv. The early light curve of SN~2022crv did not show envelope cooling emission, implying that SN~2022crv had a compact progenitor with extremely low amount of hydrogen. The analysis of the nebular spectra shows that SN~2022crv is consistent with the explosion of a He star with a final mass of $\sim$4.5 -- 5.6 \msun{} that has evolved from a $\sim$16 -- 22 \msun{} zero-age main sequence star in a binary system with about 1.0 -- 1.7 \msun{} of oxygen finally synthesized in the core. The high metallicity at the supernova site indicates that the progenitor experienced a strong stellar wind mass loss. In order to retain a small amount of residual hydrogen at such a high metallicity, the initial orbital separation of the binary system is likely larger than $\sim$1000~$\rm R_{\odot}$. The near-infrared spectra of SN~2022crv show a unique absorption feature on the blue side of He I line at $\sim$1.005~$\mu$m. This is the first time that such a feature has been observed in a Type Ib/IIb, and could be due to \ion{Sr}{2}. Further detailed modelling on SN~2022crv can shed light on the progenitor and the origin of the mysterious absorption feature in the near infrared., Comment: 33 pages, 23 figures, submitted to ApJ
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- 2023
36. Linking Symptom Inventories using Semantic Textual Similarity
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Kennedy, Eamonn, Vadlamani, Shashank, Lindsey, Hannah M, Peterson, Kelly S, OConnor, Kristen Dams, Murray, Kenton, Agarwal, Ronak, Amiri, Houshang H, Andersen, Raeda K, Babikian, Talin, Baron, David A, Bigler, Erin D, Caeyenberghs, Karen, Delano-Wood, Lisa, Disner, Seth G, Dobryakova, Ekaterina, Eapen, Blessen C, Edelstein, Rachel M, Esopenko, Carrie, Genova, Helen M, Geuze, Elbert, Goodrich-Hunsaker, Naomi J, Grafman, Jordan, Haberg, Asta K, Hodges, Cooper B, Hoskinson, Kristen R, Hovenden, Elizabeth S, Irimia, Andrei, Jahanshad, Neda, Jha, Ruchira M, Keleher, Finian, Kenney, Kimbra, Koerte, Inga K, Liebel, Spencer W, Livny, Abigail, Lovstad, Marianne, Martindale, Sarah L, Max, Jeffrey E, Mayer, Andrew R, Meier, Timothy B, Menefee, Deleene S, Mohamed, Abdalla Z, Mondello, Stefania, Monti, Martin M, Morey, Rajendra A, Newcombe, Virginia, Newsome, Mary R, Olsen, Alexander, Pastorek, Nicholas J, Pugh, Mary Jo, Razi, Adeel, Resch, Jacob E, Rowland, Jared A, Russell, Kelly, Ryan, Nicholas P, Scheibel, Randall S, Schmidt, Adam T, Spitz, Gershon, Stephens, Jaclyn A, Tal, Assaf, Talbert, Leah D, Tartaglia, Maria Carmela, Taylor, Brian A, Thomopoulos, Sophia I, Troyanskaya, Maya, Valera, Eve M, van der Horn, Harm Jan, Van Horn, John D, Verma, Ragini, Wade, Benjamin SC, Walker, Willian SC, Ware, Ashley L, Werner Jr, J Kent, Yeates, Keith Owen, Zafonte, Ross D, Zeineh, Michael M, Zielinski, Brandon, Thompson, Paul M, Hillary, Frank G, Tate, David F, Wilde, Elisabeth A, and Dennis, Emily L
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Computer Science - Computation and Language ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence - Abstract
An extensive library of symptom inventories has been developed over time to measure clinical symptoms, but this variety has led to several long standing issues. Most notably, results drawn from different settings and studies are not comparable, which limits reproducibility. Here, we present an artificial intelligence (AI) approach using semantic textual similarity (STS) to link symptoms and scores across previously incongruous symptom inventories. We tested the ability of four pre-trained STS models to screen thousands of symptom description pairs for related content - a challenging task typically requiring expert panels. Models were tasked to predict symptom severity across four different inventories for 6,607 participants drawn from 16 international data sources. The STS approach achieved 74.8% accuracy across five tasks, outperforming other models tested. This work suggests that incorporating contextual, semantic information can assist expert decision-making processes, yielding gains for both general and disease-specific clinical assessment.
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- 2023
37. SN 2022oqm: A Bright and Multi-peaked Calcium-rich Transient
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Yadavalli, S. Karthik, Villar, V. Ashley, Izzo, Luca, Zenati, Yossef, Foley, Ryan J., Wheeler, J. Craig, Angus, Charlotte R., Bánhidi, Dominik, Auchettl, Katie, Bíró, Barna Imre, Bódi, Attila, Bodola, Zsófia, de Boer, Thomas, Chambers, Kenneth C., Chornock, Ryan, Coulter, David A., Csányi, István, Cseh, Borbála, Dandu, Srujan, Davis, Kyle W., Dickinson, Connor Braden, Farias, Diego, Farah, Joseph, Gall, Christa, Gao, Hua, Howell, D. Andrew, Jacobson-Galan, Wynn V., Khetan, Nandita, Kilpatrick, Charles D., Könyves-Tóth, Réka, Kriskovics, Levente, LeBaron, Natalie, Loertscher, Kayla, Saux, X. K. Le, Margutti, Rafaella, Magnier, Eugene A., McCully, Curtis, McGill, Peter, Miao, Hao-Yu, Newsome, Megan, Gonzalez, Estefania Padilla, Pál, András, Pál, Boróka H., Pan, Yen-Chen, Politsch, Collin A., Ransome, Conor L., Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico, Rest, Armin, Rest, Sofia, Robinson, Olivia, Sears, Huei, Scheer, Jackson, Sódor, Ádám, Swift, Jonathan, Székely, Péter, Szakáts, Róbert, Szalai, Tamás, Taggart, Kirsty, Terreran, Giacomo, Venkatraman, Padma, Vinkó, József, Yang, Grace, and Zhou, Henry
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Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
We present the photometric and spectroscopic evolution of SN 2022oqm, a nearby multi-peaked hydrogen- and helium-weak calcium-rich transient (CaRT). SN 2022oqm was detected 13.1 kpc from its host galaxy, the face-on spiral galaxy NGC 5875. Extensive spectroscopic coverage reveals an early hot (T >= 40,000 K) continuum and carbon features observed $\sim$1~day after discovery, SN Ic-like photospheric-phase spectra, and strong forbidden calcium emission starting 38 days after discovery. SN 2022oqm has a relatively high peak luminosity (MB = -17 mag) for (CaRTs), making it an outlier in the population. We determine that three power sources are necessary to explain the light curve (LC), with each corresponding to a distinct peak. The first peak is powered by an expanding blackbody with a power law luminosity, suggesting shock cooling by circumstellar material (CSM). Subsequent LC evolution is powered by a double radioactive decay model, consistent with two sources of photons diffusing through optically thick ejecta. From the LC, we derive an ejecta mass and 56Ni mass of ~0.6 solar masses and ~0.09 solar masses. Spectroscopic modeling suggests 0.6 solar masses of ejecta, and with well-mixed Fe-peak elements throughout. We discuss several physical origins for SN 2022oqm and find either a surprisingly massive white dwarf progenitor or a peculiar stripped envelope model could explain SN 2022oqm. A stripped envelope explosion inside a dense, hydrogen- and helium-poor CSM, akin to SNe Icn, but with a large 56Ni mass and small CSM mass could explain SN 2022oqm. Alternatively, helium detonation on an unexpectedly massive white dwarf could also explain SN 2022oqm., Comment: 35 pages, 17 figures, 7 tables, Accepted for Publication in ApJ
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- 2023
38. Ground-based and JWST Observations of SN 2022pul: I. Unusual Signatures of Carbon, Oxygen, and Circumstellar Interaction in a Peculiar Type Ia Supernova
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Siebert, Matthew R., Kwok, Lindsey A., Johansson, Joel, Jha, Saurabh W., Blondin, Stéphane, Dessart, Luc, Foley, Ryan J., Hillier, D. John, Larison, Conor, Pakmor, Rüdiger, Temim, Tea, Andrews, Jennifer E., Auchettl, Katie, Badenes, Carles, Barna, Barnabas, Bostroem, K. Azalee, Newman, Max J. Brenner, Brink, Thomas G., Bustamante-Rosell, María José, Camacho-Neves, Yssavo, Clocchiatti, Alejandro, Coulter, David A., Davis, Kyle W., Deckers, Maxime, Dimitriadis, Georgios, Dong, Yize, Farah, Joseph, Filippenko, Alexei V., Flörs, Andreas, Fox, Ori D., Garnavich, Peter, Gonzalez, Estefania Padilla, Graur, Or, Hambsch, Franz-Josef, Hosseinzadeh, Griffin, Howell, D. Andrew, Hughes, John P., Kerzendorf, Wolfgang E., Saux, Xavier K. Le, Maeda, Keiichi, Maguire, Kate, McCully, Curtis, Mihalenko, Cassidy, Newsome, Megan, O'Brien, John T., Pearson, Jeniveve, Pellegrino, Craig, Pierel, Justin D. R., Polin, Abigail, Rest, Armin, Rojas-Bravo, César, Sand, David J., Schwab, Michaela, Shahbandeh, Melissa, Shrestha, Manisha, Smith, Nathan, Strolger, Louis-Gregory, Szalai, Tamás, Taggart, Kirsty, Terreran, Giacomo, Terwel, Jacco H., Tinyanont, Samaporn, Valenti, Stefano, Vinkó, József, Wheeler, J. Craig, Yang, Yi, Zheng, Weikang, Ashall, Chris, Derkacy, James M., Galbany, Lluís, Hoeflich, Peter, Hsiao, Eric, De Jaeger, Thomas, Lu, Jing, Maund, Justyn, Medler, Kyle, Morrell, Nidia, Shappee, Benjamin J., Stritzinger, Maximilian, Suntzeff, Nicholas, Tucker, Michael, and Wang, Lifan
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Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
Nebular-phase observations of peculiar Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) provide important constraints on progenitor scenarios and explosion dynamics for both these rare SNe and the more common, cosmologically useful SNe Ia. We present observations from an extensive ground-based and space-based follow-up campaign to characterize SN 2022pul, a "super-Chandrasekhar" mass SN Ia (alternatively "03fg-like" SN), from before peak brightness to well into the nebular phase across optical to mid-infrared (MIR) wavelengths. The early rise of the light curve is atypical, exhibiting two distinct components, consistent with SN Ia ejecta interacting with dense carbon-oxygen rich circumstellar material (CSM). In the optical, SN 2022pul is most similar to SN 2012dn, having a low estimated peak luminosity ($M_{B}=-18.9$ mag) and high photospheric velocity relative to other 03fg-like SNe. In the nebular phase, SN 2022pul adds to the increasing diversity of the 03fg-like subclass. From 168 to 336 days after peak $B$-band brightness, SN 2022pul exhibits asymmetric and narrow emission from [O I] $\lambda\lambda 6300,\ 6364$ (${\rm FWHM} \approx 2{,}000$ km s$^{-1}$), strong, broad emission from [Ca II] $\lambda\lambda 7291,\ 7323$ (${\rm FWHM} \approx 7{,}300$ km s$^{-1}$), and a rapid Fe III to Fe II ionization change. Finally, we present the first-ever optical-to-mid-infrared (MIR) nebular spectrum of an 03fg-like SN Ia using data from JWST. In the MIR, strong lines of neon and argon, weak emission from stable nickel, and strong thermal dust emission (with $T \approx 500$ K), combined with prominent [O I] in the optical, suggest that SN 2022pul was produced by a white dwarf merger within carbon/oxygen-rich CSM., Comment: 23 pages, 11 figures, submitted to ApJ
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- 2023
39. Ground-based and JWST Observations of SN 2022pul: II. Evidence from Nebular Spectroscopy for a Violent Merger in a Peculiar Type-Ia Supernova
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Kwok, Lindsey A., Siebert, Matthew R., Johansson, Joel, Jha, Saurabh W., Blondin, Stephane, Dessart, Luc, Foley, Ryan J., Hillier, D. John, Larison, Conor, Pakmor, Ruediger, Temim, Tea, Andrews, Jennifer E., Auchettl, Katie, Badenes, Carles, Barna, Barnabas, Bostroem, K. Azalee, Newman, Max J. Brenner, Brink, Thomas G., Bustamante-Rosell, Maria Jose, Camacho-Neves, Yssavo, Clocchiatti, Alejandro, Coulter, David A., Davis, Kyle W., Deckers, Maxime, Dimitriadis, Georgios, Dong, Yize, Farah, Joseph, Filippenko, Alexei V., Flors, Andreas, Fox, Ori D., Garnavich, Peter, Gonzalez, Estefania Padilla, Graur, Or, Hambsch, Franz-Josef, Hosseinzadeh, Griffin, Howell, D. Andrew, Hughes, John P., Kerzendorf, Wolfgang E., Saux, Xavier K. Le, Maeda, Keiichi, Maguire, Kate, McCully, Curtis, Mihalenko, Cassidy, Newsome, Megan, O'Brien, John T., Pearson, Jeniveve, Pellegrino, Craig, Pierel, Justin D. R., Polin, Abigail, Rest, Armin, Rojas-Bravo, Cesar, Sand, David J., Schwab, Michaela, Shahbandeh, Melissa, Shrestha, Manisha, Smith, Nathan, Strolger, Louis-Gregory, Szalai, Tamas, Taggart, Kirsty, Terreran, Giacomo, Terwel, Jacco H., Tinyanont, Samaporn, Valenti, Stefano, Vinko, Jozsef, Wheeler, J. Craig, Yang, Yi, Zheng, WeiKang, Ashall, Chris, DerKacy, James M., Galbany, Lluis, Hoeflich, Peter, de Jaeger, Thomas, Lu, Jing, Maund, Justyn, Medler, Kyle, Morrell, Nidia, Shappee, Benjamin J., Stritzinger, Maximilian, Suntzeff, Nicholas, Tucker, Michael, and Wang, Lifan
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Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
We present an analysis of ground-based and JWST observations of SN~2022pul, a peculiar "03fg-like" (or "super-Chandrasekhar") Type Ia supernova (SN Ia), in the nebular phase at 338d post explosion. Our combined spectrum continuously covers 0.4--14 $\mu$m and includes the first mid-infrared spectrum of an 03fg-like SN Ia. Compared to normal SN Ia 2021aefx, SN 2022pul exhibits a lower mean ionization state, asymmetric emission-line profiles, stronger emission from the intermediate-mass elements (IMEs) argon and calcium, weaker emission from iron-group elements (IGEs), and the first unambiguous detection of neon in a SN Ia. Strong, broad, centrally peaked [Ne II] line at 12.81 $\mu$m was previously predicted as a hallmark of "violent merger'' SN Ia models, where dynamical interaction between two sub-$M_{ch}$ white dwarfs (WDs) causes disruption of the lower mass WD and detonation of the other. The violent merger scenario was already a leading hypothesis for 03fg-like SNe Ia; in SN 2022pul it can explain the large-scale ejecta asymmetries seen between the IMEs and IGEs and the central location of narrow oxygen and broad neon. We modify extant models to add clumping of the ejecta to better reproduce the optical iron emission, and add mass in the innermost region ($< 2000$ km s$^{-1}$) to account for the observed narrow [O I]~$\lambda\lambda6300$, 6364 emission. A violent WD-WD merger explains many of the observations of SN 2022pul, and our results favor this model interpretation for the subclass of 03fg-like SN Ia., Comment: 20 pages, 10 figures, published in ApJ
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- 2023
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40. SN 2022joj: A Potential Double Detonation with a Thin Helium shell
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Gonzalez, E. Padilla, Howell, D. A., Terreran, G., McCully, C., Newsome, M., Burke, J., Farah, J., Pellegrino, C., Bostroem, K. A., Hosseinzadeh, G., Pearson, J., Sand, D. J., Shrestha, M., Smith, N., Dong, Y., Retamal, N. Meza, Valenti, S., Boos, S., Shen, K. J., Townsley, D., Galbany, L., Piscarreta, L., Foley, R. J., Bustamante-Rosell, M. J., Coulter, D. A., Chornock, R., Davis, K. W., Dickinson, C. B., Jones, D. O., Kutcka, J., Saux, X. K. Le, Rojas-Bravo, C. R., Taggart, K., Tinyanont, S., Yang, G., Jha, S. W., and Margutti, R.
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Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
We present photometric and spectroscopic data for SN 2022joj, a nearby peculiar Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) with a fast decline rate ($\rm{\Delta m_{15,B}=1.4}$ mag). SN 2022joj shows exceedingly red colors, with a value of approximately ${B-V \approx 1.1}$ mag during its initial stages, beginning from $11$ days before maximum brightness. As it evolves the flux shifts towards the blue end of the spectrum, approaching ${B-V \approx 0}$ mag around maximum light. Furthermore, at maximum light and beyond, the photometry is consistent with that of typical SNe Ia. This unusual behavior extends to its spectral characteristics, which initially displayed a red spectrum and later evolved to exhibit greater consistency with typical SNe Ia. We consider two potential explanations for this behavior: double detonation from a helium shell on a sub-Chandrasekhar-mass white dwarf and Chandrasekhar-mass models with a shallow distribution of $\rm{^{56}Ni}$. The shallow nickel models could not reproduce the red colors in the early light curves. Spectroscopically, we find strong agreement between SN 2022joj and double-detonation models with white dwarf masses around 1 $\rm{M_{\odot}}$ and thin He-shell between 0.01 and 0.02 $\rm{M_{\odot}}$. Moreover, the early red colors are explained by line-blanketing absorption from iron-peak elements created by the double detonation scenario in similar mass ranges. However, the nebular spectra composition in SN 2022joj deviates from expectations for double detonation, as we observe strong [Fe III] emission instead of [Ca II] lines as anticipated from double detonation models. More detailed modeling, e.g., including viewing angle effects, is required to test if double detonation models can explain the nebular spectra.
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- 2023
41. From Discovery to the First Month of the Type II Supernova 2023ixf: High and Variable Mass Loss in the Final Year before Explosion
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Hiramatsu, Daichi, Tsuna, Daichi, Berger, Edo, Itagaki, Koichi, Goldberg, Jared A., Gomez, Sebastian, De, Kishalay, Hosseinzadeh, Griffin, Bostroem, K. Azalee, Brown, Peter J., Arcavi, Iair, Bieryla, Allyson, Blanchard, Peter K., Esquerdo, Gilbert A., Farah, Joseph, Howell, D. Andrew, Matsumoto, Tatsuya, McCully, Curtis, Newsome, Megan, Gonzalez, Estefania Padilla, Pellegrino, Craig, Rhee, Jaehyon, Terreran, Giacomo, Vinkó, József, and Wheeler, J. Craig
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Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
We present the discovery of the Type II supernova SN 2023ixf in M101 and follow-up photometric and spectroscopic observations, respectively, in the first month and week of its evolution. Our discovery was made within a day of estimated first light, and the following light curve is characterized by a rapid rise ($\approx5$ days) to a luminous peak ($M_V\approx-18.2$ mag) and plateau ($M_V\approx-17.6$ mag) extending to $30$ days with a fast decline rate of $\approx0.03$ mag day$^{-1}$. During the rising phase, $U-V$ color shows blueward evolution, followed by redward evolution in the plateau phase. Prominent flash features of hydrogen, helium, carbon, and nitrogen dominate the spectra up to $\approx5$ days after first light, with a transition to a higher ionization state in the first $\approx2$ days. Both the $U-V$ color and flash ionization states suggest a rise in the temperature, indicative of a delayed shock breakout inside dense circumstellar material (CSM). From the timescales of CSM interaction, we estimate its compact radial extent of $\sim(3-7)\times10^{14}$ cm. We then construct numerical light-curve models based on both continuous and eruptive mass-loss scenarios shortly before explosion. For the continuous mass-loss scenario, we infer a range of mass-loss history with $0.1-1.0\,M_\odot\,{\rm yr}^{-1}$ in the final $2-1$ yr before explosion, with a potentially decreasing mass loss of $0.01-0.1\,M_\odot\,{\rm yr}^{-1}$ in $\sim0.7-0.4$ yr toward the explosion. For the eruptive mass-loss scenario, we favor eruptions releasing $0.3-1\,M_\odot$ of the envelope at about a year before explosion, which result in CSM with mass and extent similar to the continuous scenario. We discuss the implications of the available multiwavelength constraints obtained thus far on the progenitor candidate and SN 2023ixf to our variable CSM models., Comment: Updated to match the published letter in ApJL, 2023 September 19
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- 2023
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42. AT2022aedm and a new class of luminous, fast-cooling transients in elliptical galaxies
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Nicholl, M., Srivastav, S., Fulton, M. D., Gomez, S., Huber, M. E., Oates, S. R., Ramsden, P., Rhodes, L., Smartt, S. J., Smith, K. W., Aamer, A., Anderson, J. P., Bauer, F. E., Berger, E., de Boer, T., Chambers, K. C., Charalampopoulos, P., Chen, T. -W., Fender, R. P., Fraser, M., Gao, H., Green, D. A., Galbany, L., Gompertz, B. P., Gromadzki, M., Gutiérrez, C. P., Howell, D. A., Inserra, C., Jonker, P. G., Kopsacheili, M., Lowe, T. B., Magnier, E. A., McCully, C., McGee, S. L., Moore, T., Müller-Bravo, T. E., Newsome, M., Gonzalez, E. Padilla, Pellegrino, C., Pessi, T., Pursiainen, M., Rest, A., Ridley, E. J., Shappee, B. J., Sheng, X., Smith, G. P., Terreran, G., Tucker, M. A., Vinkó, J., Wainscoat, R. J., Wiseman, P., and Young, D. R.
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Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
We present the discovery and extensive follow-up of a remarkable fast-evolving optical transient, AT2022aedm, detected by the Asteroid Terrestrial impact Last Alert Survey (ATLAS). AT2022aedm exhibited a rise time of $9\pm1$ days in the ATLAS $o$-band, reaching a luminous peak with $M_g\approx-22$ mag. It faded by 2 magnitudes in $g$-band during the next 15 days. These timescales are consistent with other rapidly evolving transients, though the luminosity is extreme. Most surprisingly, the host galaxy is a massive elliptical with negligible current star formation. X-ray and radio observations rule out a relativistic AT2018cow-like explosion. A spectrum in the first few days after explosion showed short-lived He II emission resembling young core-collapse supernovae, but obvious broad supernova features never developed; later spectra showed only a fast-cooling continuum and narrow, blue-shifted absorption lines, possibly arising in a wind with $v\approx2700$ km s$^{-1}$. We identify two further transients in the literature (Dougie in particular, as well as AT2020bot) that share similarities in their luminosities, timescales, colour evolution and largely featureless spectra, and propose that these may constitute a new class of transients: luminous fast-coolers (LFCs). All three events occurred in passive galaxies at offsets of $\sim4-10$ kpc from the nucleus, posing a challenge for progenitor models involving massive stars or massive black holes. The light curves and spectra appear to be consistent with shock breakout emission, though usually this mechanism is associated with core-collapse supernovae. The encounter of a star with a stellar mass black hole may provide a promising alternative explanation., Comment: Accepted in ApJL
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- 2023
43. Carbon and nitrogen isotopes of lizardfish provide insight into regional patterns of ocean biogeochemistry across the eastern continental United States
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Shipley, Oliver N., Newsome, Seth D., Long, Tonya M., Murasko, Susan, Jones, Ryan, Kircun, Jakub, Webster, R. Pearse, and Ceriani, Simona A.
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- 2024
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44. A multisociety Delphi consensus statement on new fatty liver disease nomenclature
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Rinella, Mary E, Lazarus, Jeffrey V, Ratziu, Vlad, Francque, Sven M, Sanyal, Arun J, Kanwal, Fasiha, Romero, Diana, Abdelmalek, Manal F, Anstee, Quentin M, Arab, Juan Pablo, Arrese, Marco, Bataller, Ramon, Beuers, Ulrich, Boursier, Jerome, Bugianesi, Elisabetta, Byrne, Christopher D, Narro, Graciela E Castro, Chowdhury, Abhijit, Cortez-Pinto, Helena, Cryer, Donna R, Cusi, Kenneth, El-Kassas, Mohamed, Klein, Samuel, Eskridge, Wayne, Fan, Jiangao, Gawrieh, Samer, Guy, Cynthia D, Harrison, Stephen A, Kim, Seung Up, Koot, Bart G, Korenjak, Marko, Kowdley, Kris V, Lacaille, Florence, Loomba, Rohit, Mitchell-Thain, Robert, Morgan, Timothy R, Powell, Elisabeth E, Roden, Michael, Romero-Gómez, Manuel, Silva, Marcelo, Singh, Shivaram Prasad, Sookoian, Silvia C, Spearman, C Wendy, Tiniakos, Dina, Valenti, Luca, Vos, Miriam B, Wong, Vincent Wai-Sun, Xanthakos, Stavra, Yilmaz, Yusuf, Younossi, Zobair, Hobbs, Ansley, Villota-Rivas, Marcela, Newsome, Philip N, and group, NAFLD Nomenclature consensus
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Liver Disease ,Digestive Diseases ,Clinical Research ,Hepatitis ,Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis ,Substance Misuse ,Oral and gastrointestinal ,Good Health and Well Being ,Female ,Male ,Humans ,Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ,Delphi Technique ,Ethanol ,Consensus ,Hepatomegaly ,NAFLD Nomenclature consensus group ,ALD ,Delphi ,MASH ,MASLD ,Met-ALD ,NAFLD ,alcohol ,metabolic ,nomenclature ,stigma ,Public Health and Health Services ,Gastroenterology & Hepatology ,Clinical sciences - Abstract
The principal limitations of the terms NAFLD and NASH are the reliance on exclusionary confounder terms and the use of potentially stigmatising language. This study set out to determine if content experts and patient advocates were in favour of a change in nomenclature and/or definition. A modified Delphi process was led by three large pan-national liver associations. The consensus was defined a priori as a supermajority (67%) vote. An independent committee of experts external to the nomenclature process made the final recommendation on the acronym and its diagnostic criteria. A total of 236 panellists from 56 countries participated in 4 online surveys and 2 hybrid meetings. Response rates across the 4 survey rounds were 87%, 83%, 83%, and 78%, respectively. Seventy-four percent of respondents felt that the current nomenclature was sufficiently flawed to consider a name change. The terms "nonalcoholic" and "fatty" were felt to be stigmatising by 61% and 66% of respondents, respectively. Steatotic liver disease was chosen as an overarching term to encompass the various aetiologies of steatosis. The term steatohepatitis was felt to be an important pathophysiological concept that should be retained. The name chosen to replace NAFLD was metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). There was consensus to change the definition to include the presence of at least 1 of 5 cardiometabolic risk factors. Those with no metabolic parameters and no known cause were deemed to have cryptogenic steatotic liver disease. A new category, outside pure metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, termed metabolic and alcohol related/associated liver disease (MetALD), was selected to describe those with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, who consume greater amounts of alcohol per week (140-350 g/wk and 210-420 g/wk for females and males, respectively). The new nomenclature and diagnostic criteria are widely supported and non-stigmatising, and can improve awareness and patient identification.
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- 2023
45. A multisociety Delphi consensus statement on new fatty liver disease nomenclature.
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Rinella, Mary, Lazarus, Jeffrey, Ratziu, Vlad, Francque, Sven, Sanyal, Arun, Kanwal, Fasiha, Romero, Diana, Abdelmalek, Manal, Anstee, Quentin, Arab, Juan, Arrese, Marco, Bataller, Ramon, Beuers, Ulrich, Boursier, Jerome, Bugianesi, Elisabetta, Byrne, Christopher, Castro Narro, Graciela, Chowdhury, Abhijit, Cortez-Pinto, Helena, Cryer, Donna, Cusi, Kenneth, El-Kassas, Mohamed, Klein, Samuel, Eskridge, Wayne, Fan, Jiangao, Gawrieh, Samer, Guy, Cynthia, Harrison, Stephen, Kim, Seung, Koot, Bart, Korenjak, Marko, Kowdley, Kris, Lacaille, Florence, Powell, Elisabeth, Roden, Michael, Romero-Gómez, Manuel, Silva, Marcelo, Singh, Shivaram, Sookoian, Silvia, Spearman, C, Tiniakos, Dina, Valenti, Luca, Vos, Miriam, Wong, Vincent, Xanthakos, Stavra, Yilmaz, Yusuf, Younossi, Zobair, Hobbs, Ansley, Villota-Rivas, Marcela, Newsome, Philip, Mitchell-Thain, Robert, Morgan, Timothy, and Loomba, Rohit
- Subjects
Male ,Female ,Humans ,Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ,Delphi Technique ,Hepatomegaly ,Surveys and Questionnaires - Abstract
The principal limitations of the terms NAFLD and NASH are the reliance on exclusionary confounder terms and the use of potentially stigmatising language. This study set out to determine if content experts and patient advocates were in favor of a change in nomenclature and/or definition. A modified Delphi process was led by three large pan-national liver associations. The consensus was defined a priori as a supermajority (67%) vote. An independent committee of experts external to the nomenclature process made the final recommendation on the acronym and its diagnostic criteria. A total of 236 panelists from 56 countries participated in 4 online surveys and 2 hybrid meetings. Response rates across the 4 survey rounds were 87%, 83%, 83%, and 78%, respectively. Seventy-four percent of respondents felt that the current nomenclature was sufficiently flawed to consider a name change. The terms nonalcoholic and fatty were felt to be stigmatising by 61% and 66% of respondents, respectively. Steatotic liver disease was chosen as an overarching term to encompass the various aetiologies of steatosis. The term steatohepatitis was felt to be an important pathophysiological concept that should be retained. The name chosen to replace NAFLD was metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. There was consensus to change the definition to include the presence of at least 1 of 5 cardiometabolic risk factors. Those with no metabolic parameters and no known cause were deemed to have cryptogenic steatotic liver disease. A new category, outside pure metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, termed metabolic and alcohol related/associated liver disease (MetALD), was selected to describe those with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, who consume greater amounts of alcohol per week (140-350 g/wk and 210-420 g/wk for females and males, respectively). The new nomenclature and diagnostic criteria are widely supported and nonstigmatising, and can improve awareness and patient identification.
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- 2023
46. Global survey of stigma among physicians and patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
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Younossi, Zobair M, AlQahtani, Saleh A, Alswat, Khalid, Yilmaz, Yusuf, Keklikkiran, Caglayan, Funuyet-Salas, Jesús, Romero-Gómez, Manuel, Fan, Jian-Gao, Zheng, Ming-Hua, El-Kassas, Mohamed, Castera, Laurent, Liu, Chun-Jen, Wong, Vincent Wai-Sun, Zelber-Sagi, Shira, Allen, Alina M, Lam, Brian, Treeprasertsuk, Sombat, Hameed, Saeed, Takahashi, Hirokazu, Kawaguchi, Takumi, Schattenberg, Jörn M, Duseja, Ajay, Newsome, Phil, Francque, Sven, Spearman, C Wendy, Fernández, Marlen I Castellanos, Burra, Patrizia, Roberts, Stuart K, Chan, Wah-Kheong, Arrese, Marco, Silva, Marcelo, Rinella, Mary, Singal, Ashwani K, Gordon, Stuart, Fuchs, Michael, Alkhouri, Naim, Cusi, Kenneth, Loomba, Rohit, Ranagan, Jane, Eskridge, Wayne, Kautz, Achim, Ong, Janus P, Kugelmas, Marcelo, Eguchi, Yuichiro, Diago, Moises, Yu, Ming-Lung, Gerber, Lynn, Fornaresio, Lisa, Nader, Fatema, Henry, Linda, Racila, Andrei, Golabi, Pegah, Stepanova, Maria, Carrieri, Patrizia, Lazarus, Jeffrey V, and Council, the Global NASH
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Liver Disease ,Digestive Diseases ,Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis ,Hepatitis ,Health Services ,Clinical Research ,Prevention ,Good Health and Well Being ,Global NASH Council ,MASH ,MASLD ,SLD ,communication ,discrimination ,fatty liver ,metabolic ,patient-reported outcomes ,Public Health and Health Services ,Gastroenterology & Hepatology ,Clinical sciences - Abstract
Background & aimsPatients with fatty liver disease may experience stigma from the disease or comorbidities. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to understand stigma among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and healthcare providers.MethodsMembers of the Global NASH Council created two surveys about experiences/attitudes toward NAFLD and related diagnostic terms: a 68-item patient and a 41-item provider survey.ResultsSurveys were completed by 1,976 patients with NAFLD across 23 countries (51% Middle East/North Africa [MENA], 19% Europe, 17% USA, 8% Southeast Asia, 5% South Asia) and 825 healthcare providers (67% gastroenterologists/hepatologists) across 25 countries (39% MENA, 28% Southeast Asia, 22% USA, 6% South Asia, 3% Europe). Of all patients, 48% ever disclosed having NAFLD/NASH to family/friends; the most commonly used term was "fatty liver" (88% at least sometimes); "metabolic disease" or "MAFLD" were rarely used (never by >84%). Regarding various perceptions of diagnostic terms by patients, there were no substantial differences between "NAFLD", "fatty liver disease (FLD)", "NASH", or "MAFLD". The most popular response was being neither comfortable nor uncomfortable with either term (56%-71%), with slightly greater discomfort with "FLD" among the US and South Asian patients (47-52% uncomfortable). Although 26% of patients reported stigma related to overweight/obesity, only 8% reported a history of stigmatization or discrimination due to NAFLD. Among providers, 38% believed that the term "fatty" was stigmatizing, while 34% believed that "nonalcoholic" was stigmatizing, more commonly in MENA (43%); 42% providers (gastroenterologists/hepatologists 45% vs. 37% other specialties, p = 0.03) believed that the name change to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (or MASLD) might reduce stigma. Regarding the new nomenclature, the percentage of providers reporting "steatotic liver disease" as stigmatizing was low (14%).ConclusionsThe perception of NAFLD stigma varies among patients, providers, geographic locations and sub-specialties.Impact and implicationsOver the past decades, efforts have been made to change the nomenclature of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to better align with its underlying pathogenetic pathways and remove any potential stigma associated with the name. Given the paucity of data related to stigma in NAFLD, we undertook this global comprehensive survey to assess stigma in NAFLD among patients and providers from around the world. We found there is a disconnect between physicians and patients related to stigma and related nomenclature. With this knowledge, educational programs can be developed to better target stigma in NAFLD among all stakeholders and to provide a better opportunity for the new nomenclature to address the issues of stigma.
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- 2023
47. A qualitative study exploring how vocational rehabilitation for people with multiple sclerosis can be integrated within existing healthcare services in the United Kingdom
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Blanca De Dios Perez, Vicky Booth, Roshan das Nair, Nikos Evangelou, Juliet Hassard, Helen L. Ford, Ian Newsome, and Kate Radford
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Vocational rehabilitation ,Multiple sclerosis ,National health service ,Interviews ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background To explore how a vocational rehabilitation (VR) intervention can be integrated within existing healthcare services for people with multiple sclerosis (MS) in the United Kingdom (UK) National Health Service (NHS). Methods Data from 37 semi-structured interviews with 22 people with MS, eight employers, and seven healthcare professionals were analysed using a framework method informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and an intervention logic model. Results Four themes were identified relating to the structure of current NHS services, how to improve access to and awareness of VR services, the collaboration between internal and external networks, and the benefits of integrating VR within the NHS services. Participants identified several implementation barriers such as poor links with external organisations, staffing issues, and lack of funding. To overcome these barriers, participants suggested enablers such as technology (e.g., apps or online assessments) and collaboration with third-sector organisations to reduce the pressure on the NHS. Conclusion Significant organisational changes are required to ensure a successful implementation of a VR intervention within current NHS services. Despite this, the NHS was seen as a trustworthy organisation to offer support that can optimise the health and professional lives of people with MS.
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- 2024
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48. Are task representations gated in macaque prefrontal cortex?
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Flesch, Timo, Mante, Valerio, Newsome, William, Saxe, Andrew, Summerfield, Christopher, and Sussillo, David
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Quantitative Biology - Neurons and Cognition - Abstract
A recent paper (Flesch et al, 2022) describes behavioural and neural data suggesting that task representations are gated in the prefrontal cortex in both humans and macaques. This short note proposes an alternative explanation for the reported results from the macaque data.
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- 2023
49. Gapless spinons and a field-induced soliton gap in the hyper-honeycomb Cu oxalate framework compound [(C$_{2}$H$_{5}$)$_{3}$NH]$_{2}$Cu$_{2}$(C$_{2}$O$_{4}$)$_{3}$
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Dissanayake, C., Jacko, A. C., Kumarasinghe, K., Munir, R., Siddiquee, H., Newsome, W. J., Uribe-Romo, F. J., Choi, E. S., Yadav, S., Hu, X. -Z., Takano, Y., Pakhira, S., Johnston, D. C., Ding, Q. -P., Furukawa, Y., Powell, B. J., and Nakajima, Y.
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Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons - Abstract
We report a detailed study of the specific heat and magnetic susceptibility of single crystals of a spin liquid candidate: the hyper-honeycomb Cu oxalate framework compound [(C$_2$H$_5$)$_3$NH]$_2$Cu$_2$(C$_2$O$_4$)$_3$. The specific heat shows no anomaly associated with a magnetic transition at low temperatures down to $T\sim$ 180 mK in zero magnetic field. We observe a large linear-in-$T$ contribution to the specific heat $\gamma T$, $\gamma = 98(1)$ mK/mol K$^{2}$, at low temperatures, indicative of the presence of fermionic excitations despite the Mott insulating state. The low-$T$ specific heat is strongly suppressed by applied magnetic fields $H$, which induce an energy gap, $\Delta (H)$, in the spin-excitation spectrum. We use the four-component relativistic density-functional theory (DFT) to calculate the magnetic interactions, including the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya antisymmetric exchange, which causes an effective staggered field acting on one copper sublattice. The magnitude and field dependence of the field-induced gap, $\Delta (H) \propto H^{2/3}$, are accurately predicted by the soliton mass calculated from the sine-Gordon model of weakly coupled antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chains with all parameters determined by our DFT calculations. Thus our experiment and calculations are entirely consistent with a model of [(C$_2$H$_5$)$_3$NH]$_2$Cu$_2$(C$_2$O$_4$)$_3$ in which anisotropic magnetic exchange interactions due to Jahn-Teller distortion cause one copper sublattice to dimerize, leaving a second sublattice of weakly coupled antiferromagnetic chains. We also show that this model quantitatively accounts for the measured temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility. Thus [(C$_2$H$_5$)$_3$NH]$_2$Cu$_2$(C$_2$O$_4$)$_3$ is a canonical example of a one-dimensional spin-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet and not a resonating-valence-bond quantum spin liquid, as previously proposed., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures
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- 2023
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50. No plateau observed in late-time near-infrared observations of the underluminous Type Ia supernova 2021qvv
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Graur, O., Gonzalez, E. Padilla, Burke, J., Deckers, M., Jha, S. W., Galbany, L., Karamenhmetoglu, E., Stritzinger, M. D., Maguire, K., Howell, D. A., Fisher, R., Fullard, A. G., Handberg, R., Hiramatsu, D., Hosseinzadeh, G., Kerzendorf, W. E., McCully, C., Newsome, M., Pellegrino, C., Rest, A., Riess, A. G., Seitenzahl, I. R., Shara, M. M., Shen, K. J., Terreran, G., and Zurek, D. R.
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Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics - Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) observations of normal Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) obtained between 150 to 500 d past maximum light reveal the existence of an extended plateau. Here, we present observations of the underluminous, 1991bg-like SN 2021qvv. Early, ground-based optical and NIR observations show that SN 2021qvv is similar to SN 2006mr, making it one of the dimmest, fastest-evolving 1991bg-like SNe to date. Late-time (170-250 d) Hubble Space Telescope observations of SN 2021qvv reveal no sign of a plateau. An extrapolation of these observations backwards to earlier-phase NIR observations of SN 2006mr suggests the complete absence of a NIR plateau, at least out to 250 d. This absence may be due to a higher ionization state of the ejecta, as predicted by certain sub-Chandrasekhar-mass detonation models, or to the lower temperatures of the ejecta of 1991bg-like SNe, relative to normal SNe Ia, which might preclude their becoming fluorescent and shifting ultraviolet light into the NIR. This suggestion can be tested by acquiring NIR imaging of a sample of 1991bg-like SNe that covers the entire range from slowly-evolving to fast-evolving events ($0.2 \lesssim s_\mathrm{BV} \lesssim 0.6$). A detection of the NIR plateau in slower-evolving, hotter 1991bg-like SNe would provide further evidence that these SNe exist along a continuum with normal SNe Ia. Theoretical progenitor and explosion scenarios would then have to match the observed properties of both SN Ia subtypes., Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS (14 pages, 9 figures)
- Published
- 2023
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