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1. The impact of low-mode symmetry on inertial fusion energy output in the burning plasma state

Author

Ralph, J. E., Ross, J. S., Zylstra, A. B., Kritcher, A. L., Robey, H. F., Young, C. V., Hurricane, O. A., Pak, A., Callahan, D. A., Baker, K. L., Casey, D. T., Döppner, T., Divol, L., Hohenberger, M., Pape, S. Le, Patel, P. K., Tommasini, R., Ali, S. J., Amendt, P. A., Atherton, L. J., Bachmann, B., Bailey, D., Benedetti, L. R., Berzak Hopkins, L., Betti, R., Bhandarkar, S. D., Biener, J., Bionta, R. M., Birge, N. W., Bond, E. J., Bradley, D. K., Braun, T., Briggs, T. M., Bruhn, M. W., Celliers, P. M., Chang, B., Chapman, T., Chen, H., Choate, C., Christopherson, A. R., Clark, D. S., Crippen, J. W., Dewald, E. L., Dittrich, T. R., Edwards, M. J., Farmer, W. A., Field, J. E., Fittinghoff, D., Frenje, J., Gaffney, J., Gatu Johnson, M., Glenzer, S. H., Grim, G. P., Haan, S., Hahn, K. D., Hall, G. N., Hammel, B. A., Harte, J., Hartouni, E., Heebner, J. E., Hernandez, V. J., Herrmann, H. W., Herrmann, M. C., Hinkel, D. E., Ho, D. D., Holder, J. P., Hsing, W. W., Huang, H., Humbird, K. D., Izumi, N., Jarrott, L. C., Jeet, J., Jones, O., Kerbel, G. D., Kerr, S. M., Khan, S. F., Kilkenny, J., Kim, Y., Geppert-Kleinrath, H., Geppert-Kleinrath, V., Kong, C., Koning, J. M., Kroll, J. J., Kruse, M. K. G., Kustowski, B., Landen, O. L., Langer, S., Larson, D., Lemos, N. C., Lindl, J. D., Ma, T., MacDonald, M. J., MacGowan, B. J., Mackinnon, A. J., MacLaren, S. A., MacPhee, A. G., Marinak, M. M., Mariscal, D. A., Marley, E. V., Masse, L., Meaney, K. D., Meezan, N. B., Michel, P. A., Millot, M., Milovich, J. L., Moody, J. D., Moore, A. S., Morton, J. W., Murphy, T. J., Newman, K., Di Nicola, J.-M. G., Nikroo, A., Nora, R., Patel, M. V., Pelz, L. J., Peterson, J. L., Ping, Y., Pollock, B. B., Ratledge, M., Rice, N. G., Rinderknecht, H. G., Rosen, M., Rubery, M. S., Salmonson, J. D., Sater, J., Schiaffino, S., Schlossberg, D. J., Schneider, M. B., Schroeder, C. R., Scott, H. A., Sepke, S. M., Sequoia, K., Sherlock, M. W., Shin, S., Smalyuk, V. A., Spears, B. K., Springer, P. T., Stadermann, M., Stoupin, S., Strozzi, D. J., Suter, L. J., Thomas, C. A., Town, R. P. J., Trosseille, C., Tubman, E. R., Volegov, P. L., Weber, C. R., Widmann, K., Wild, C., Wilde, C. H., Van Wonterghem, B. M., Woods, D. T., Woodworth, B. N., Yamaguchi, M., Yang, S. T., and Zimmerman, G. B.

Published
2024
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2. Experiments conducted in the burning plasma regime with inertial fusion implosions

Author

Ross, J. S., Ralph, J. E., Zylstra, A. B., Kritcher, A. L., Robey, H. F., Young, C. V., Hurricane, O. A., Callahan, D. A., Baker, K. L., Casey, D. T., Doeppner, T., Divol, L., Hohenberger, M., Pape, S. Le, Pak, A., Patel, P. K., Tommasini, R., Ali, S. J., Amendt, P. A., Atherton, L. J., Bachmann, B., Bailey, D., Benedetti, L. R., Hopkins, L. Berzak, Betti, R., Bhandarkar, S. D., Bionta, R. M., Birge, N. W., Bond, E. J., Bradley, D. K., Braun, T., Briggs, T. M., Bruhn, M. W., Celliers, P. M., Chang, B., Chapman, T., Chen, H., Choate, C., Christopherson, A. R., Clark, D. S., Crippen, J. W., Dewald, E. L., Dittrich, T. R., Edwards, M. J., Farmer, W. A., Field, J. E., Fittinghoff, D., Frenje, J., Gaffney, J., Johnson, M. Gatu, Glenzer, S. H., Grim, G. P., Haan, S., Hahn, K. D., Hall, G. N., Hammel, B. A., Harte, J., Hartouni, E., Heebner, J. E., Hernandez, V. J., Herrmann, H., Herrmann, M. C., Hinkel, D. E., Ho, D. D., Holder, J. P., Hsing, W. W., Huang, H., Humbird, K. D., Izumi, N., Jarrott, L. C., Jeet, J., Jones, O., Kerbel, G. D., Kerr, S. M., Khan, S. F., Kilkenny, J., Kim, Y., Kleinrath, H. Geppert, Kleinrath, V. Geppert, Kong, C., Koning, J. M., Kroll, J. J., Landen, O. L., Langer, S., Larson, D., Lemos, N. C., Lindl, J. D., Ma, T., MacDonald, M. J., MacGowan, B. J., Mackinnon, A. J., MacLaren, S. A., MacPhee, A. G., Marinak, M. M., Mariscal, D. A., Marley, E. V., Masse, L., Meaney, K., Meezan, N. B., Michel, P. A., Millot, M., Milovich, J. L., Moody, J. D., Moore, A. S., Morton, J. W., Murphy, T., Newman, K., Di Nicola, J. -M. G., Nikroo, A., Nora, R., Patel, M. V., Pelz, L. J., Peterson, J. L., Ping, Y., Pollock, B. B., Ratledge, M., Rice, N. G., Rinderknecht, H., Rosen, M., Rubery, M. S., Salmonson, J. D., Sater, J., Schiaffino, S., Schlossberg, D. J., Schneider, M. B., Schroeder, C. R., Scott, H. A., Sepke, S. M., Sequoia, K., Sherlock, M. W., Shin, S., Smalyuk, V. A., Spears, B. K., Springer, P. T., Stadermann, M., Stoupin, S., Strozzi, D. J., Suter, L. J., Thomas, C. A., Town, R. P. J., Tubman, E. R., Volegov, P. L., Weber, C. R., Widmann, K., Wild, C., Wilde, C. H., Van Wonterghem, B. M., Woods, D. T., Woodworth, B. N., Yamaguchi, M., Yang, S. T., and Zimmerman, G. B.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

An experimental program is currently underway at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) to compress deuterium and tritium (DT) fuel to densities and temperatures sufficient to achieve fusion and energy gain. The primary approach being investigated is indirect drive inertial confinement fusion (ICF), where a high-Z radiation cavity (a hohlraum) is heated by lasers, converting the incident energy into x-ray radiation which in turn drives the DT fuel filled capsule causing it to implode. Previous experiments reported DT fuel gain exceeding unity [O.A. Hurricane et al., Nature 506, 343 (2014)] and then exceeding the kinetic energy of the imploding fuel [S. Le Pape et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 245003 (2018)]. We report on recent experiments that have achieved record fusion neutron yields on NIF, greater than 100 kJ with momentary fusion powers exceeding 1PW, and have for the first time entered the burning plasma regime where fusion alpha-heating of the fuel exceeds the energy delivered to the fuel via compression. This was accomplished by increasing the size of the high-density carbon (HDC) capsule, increasing energy coupling, while controlling symmetry and implosion design parameters. Two tactics were successful in controlling the radiation flux symmetry and therefore the implosion symmetry: transferring energy between laser cones via plasma waves, and changing the shape of the hohlraum. In conducting these experiments, we controlled for known sources of degradation. Herein we show how these experiments were performed to produce record performance, and demonstrate the data fidelity leading us to conclude that these shots have entered the burning plasma regime.

Published
2021

3. Measurement of early time outer laser beam reflection inside a cylindrical hohlraum at the National Ignition Facility

Author

Chen, Hui, primary, Woods, D. T., additional, Lemos, N., additional, Rosen, M., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, Milovich, J. L., additional, Schneider, M. B., additional, Trosseille, C., additional, Delora-Ellefson, J., additional, Hardy, M., additional, Hash, N., additional, Hinkel, D. E., additional, Holder, J., additional, Izumi, N., additional, Masters, N., additional, Montgomery, W., additional, Moody, J. D., additional, Newman, K., additional, Rogers, S., additional, Ross, J. S., additional, Smalyuk, V., additional, Weber, C., additional, and Zobrist, T., additional

Published
2024
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5. Design of inertial fusion implosions reaching the burning plasma regime

Author

Kritcher, A. L., Young, C. V., Robey, H. F., Weber, C. R., Zylstra, A. B., Hurricane, O. A., Callahan, D. A., Ralph, J. E., Ross, J. S., Baker, K. L., Casey, D. T., Clark, D. S., Döppner, T., Divol, L., Hohenberger, M., Hopkins, L. Berzak, Le Pape, S., Meezan, N. B., Pak, A., Patel, P. K., Tommasini, R., Ali, S. J., Amendt, P. A., Atherton, L. J., Bachmann, B., Bailey, D., Benedetti, L. R., Betti, R., Bhandarkar, S. D., Biener, J., Bionta, R. M., Birge, N. W., Bond, E. J., Bradley, D. K., Braun, T., Briggs, T. M., Bruhn, M. W., Celliers, P. M., Chang, B., Chapman, T., Chen, H., Choate, C., Christopherson, A. R., Crippen, J. W., Dewald, E. L., Dittrich, T. R., Edwards, M. J., Farmer, W. A., Field, J. E., Fittinghoff, D., Frenje, J. A., Gaffney, J. A., Johnson, M. Gatu, Glenzer, S. H., Grim, G. P., Haan, S., Hahn, K. D., Hall, G. N., Hammel, B. A., Harte, J., Hartouni, E., Heebner, J. E., Hernandez, V. J., Herrmann, H., Herrmann, M. C., Hinkel, D. E., Ho, D. D., Holder, J. P., Hsing, W. W., Huang, H., Humbird, K. D., Izumi, N., Jarrott, L. C., Jeet, J., Jones, O., Kerbel, G. D., Kerr, S. M., Khan, S. F., Kilkenny, J., Kim, Y., Geppert-Kleinrath, H., Geppert-Kleinrath, V., Kong, C., Koning, J. M., Kruse, M. K. G., Kroll, J. J., Kustowski, B., Landen, O. L., Langer, S., Larson, D., Lemos, N. C., Lindl, J. D., Ma, T., MacDonald, M. J., MacGowan, B. J., Mackinnon, A. J., MacLaren, S. A., MacPhee, A. G., Marinak, M. M., Mariscal, D. A., Marley, E. V., Masse, L., Meaney, K., Michel, P. A., Millot, M., Milovich, J. L., Moody, J. D., Moore, A. S., Morton, J. W., Murphy, T., Newman, K., Di Nicola, J.-M. G., Nikroo, A., Nora, R., Patel, M. V., Pelz, L. J., Peterson, J. L., Ping, Y., Pollock, B. B., Ratledge, M., Rice, N. G., Rinderknecht, H., Rosen, M., Rubery, M. S., Salmonson, J. D., Sater, J., Schiaffino, S., Schlossberg, D. J., Schneider, M. B., Schroeder, C. R., Scott, H. A., Sepke, S. M., Sequoia, K., Sherlock, M. W., Shin, S., Smalyuk, V. A., Spears, B. K., Springer, P. T., Stadermann, M., Stoupin, S., Strozzi, D. J., Suter, L. J., Thomas, C. A., Town, R. P. J., Trosseille, C., Tubman, E. R., Volegov, P. L., Widmann, K., Wild, C., Wilde, C. H., Van Wonterghem, B. M., Woods, D. T., Woodworth, B. N., Yamaguchi, M., Yang, S. T., and Zimmerman, G. B.

Published
2022
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6. Burning plasma achieved in inertial fusion

Author

Zylstra, A. B., Hurricane, O. A., Callahan, D. A., Kritcher, A. L., Ralph, J. E., Robey, H. F., Ross, J. S., Young, C. V., Baker, K. L., Casey, D. T., Döppner, T., Divol, L., Hohenberger, M., Le Pape, S., Pak, A., Patel, P. K., Tommasini, R., Ali, S. J., Amendt, P. A., Atherton, L. J., Bachmann, B., Bailey, D., Benedetti, L. R., Berzak Hopkins, L., Betti, R., Bhandarkar, S. D., Biener, J., Bionta, R. M., Birge, N. W., Bond, E. J., Bradley, D. K., Braun, T., Briggs, T. M., Bruhn, M. W., Celliers, P. M., Chang, B., Chapman, T., Chen, H., Choate, C., Christopherson, A. R., Clark, D. S., Crippen, J. W., Dewald, E. L., Dittrich, T. R., Edwards, M. J., Farmer, W. A., Field, J. E., Fittinghoff, D., Frenje, J., Gaffney, J., Gatu Johnson, M., Glenzer, S. H., Grim, G. P., Haan, S., Hahn, K. D., Hall, G. N., Hammel, B. A., Harte, J., Hartouni, E., Heebner, J. E., Hernandez, V. J., Herrmann, H., Herrmann, M. C., Hinkel, D. E., Ho, D. D., Holder, J. P., Hsing, W. W., Huang, H., Humbird, K. D., Izumi, N., Jarrott, L. C., Jeet, J., Jones, O., Kerbel, G. D., Kerr, S. M., Khan, S. F., Kilkenny, J., Kim, Y., Geppert Kleinrath, H., Geppert Kleinrath, V., Kong, C., Koning, J. M., Kroll, J. J., Kruse, M. K. G., Kustowski, B., Landen, O. L., Langer, S., Larson, D., Lemos, N. C., Lindl, J. D., Ma, T., MacDonald, M. J., MacGowan, B. J., Mackinnon, A. J., MacLaren, S. A., MacPhee, A. G., Marinak, M. M., Mariscal, D. A., Marley, E. V., Masse, L., Meaney, K., Meezan, N. B., Michel, P. A., Millot, M., Milovich, J. L., Moody, J. D., Moore, A. S., Morton, J. W., Murphy, T., Newman, K., Di Nicola, J.-M. G., Nikroo, A., Nora, R., Patel, M. V., Pelz, L. J., Peterson, J. L., Ping, Y., Pollock, B. B., Ratledge, M., Rice, N. G., Rinderknecht, H., Rosen, M., Rubery, M. S., Salmonson, J. D., Sater, J., Schiaffino, S., Schlossberg, D. J., Schneider, M. B., Schroeder, C. R., Scott, H. A., Sepke, S. M., Sequoia, K., Sherlock, M. W., Shin, S., Smalyuk, V. A., Spears, B. K., Springer, P. T., Stadermann, M., Stoupin, S., Strozzi, D. J., Suter, L. J., Thomas, C. A., Town, R. P. J., Tubman, E. R., Trosseille, C., Volegov, P. L., Weber, C. R., Widmann, K., Wild, C., Wilde, C. H., Van Wonterghem, B. M., Woods, D. T., Woodworth, B. N., Yamaguchi, M., Yang, S. T., and Zimmerman, G. B.

Published
2022
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8. The Subaru Coronagraphic Extreme Adaptive Optics system: enabling high-contrast imaging on solar-system scales

Author

Jovanovic, N., Martinache, F., Guyon, O., Clergeon, C., Singh, G., Kudo, T., Garrel, V., Newman, K., Doughty, D., Lozi, J., Males, J., Minowa, Y., Hayano, Y., Takato, N., Morino, J., Kuhn, J., Serabyn, E., Norris, B., Tuthill, P., Schworer, G., Stewart, P., Close, L., Huby, E., Perrin, G., Lacour, S., Gauchet, L., Vievard, S., Murakami, N., Oshiyama, F., Baba, N., Matsuo, T., Nishikawa, J., Tamura, M., Lai, O., Marchis, F., Duchene, G., Kotani, T., and Woillez, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The Subaru Coronagraphic Extreme Adaptive Optics (SCExAO) instrument is a multipurpose high-contrast imaging platform designed for the discovery and detailed characterization of exoplanetary systems and serves as a testbed for high-contrast imaging technologies for ELTs. It is a multi-band instrument which makes use of light from 600 to 2500nm allowing for coronagraphic direct exoplanet imaging of the inner 3 lambda/D from the stellar host. Wavefront sensing and control are key to the operation of SCExAO. A partial correction of low-order modes is provided by Subaru's facility adaptive optics system with the final correction, including high-order modes, implemented downstream by a combination of a visible pyramid wavefront sensor and a 2000-element deformable mirror. The well corrected NIR (y-K bands) wavefronts can then be injected into any of the available coronagraphs, including but not limited to the phase induced amplitude apodization and the vector vortex coronagraphs, both of which offer an inner working angle as low as 1 lambda/D. Non-common path, low-order aberrations are sensed with a coronagraphic low-order wavefront sensor in the infrared (IR). Low noise, high frame rate, NIR detectors allow for active speckle nulling and coherent differential imaging, while the HAWAII 2RG detector in the HiCIAO imager and/or the CHARIS integral field spectrograph (from mid 2016) can take deeper exposures and/or perform angular, spectral and polarimetric differential imaging. Science in the visible is provided by two interferometric modules: VAMPIRES and FIRST, which enable sub-diffraction limited imaging in the visible region with polarimetric and spectroscopic capabilities respectively. We describe the instrument in detail and present preliminary results both on-sky and in the laboratory., Comment: Accepted for publication, 20 pages, 10 figures

Published
2015
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12. Publisher Correction: Burning plasma achieved in inertial fusion

Author

Zylstra, A. B., Hurricane, O. A., Callahan, D. A., Kritcher, A. L., Ralph, J. E., Robey, H. F., Ross, J. S., Young, C. V., Baker, K. L., Casey, D. T., Döppner, T., Divol, L., Hohenberger, M., Le Pape, S., Pak, A., Patel, P. K., Tommasini, R., Ali, S. J., Amendt, P. A., Atherton, L. J., Bachmann, B., Bailey, D., Benedetti, L. R., Berzak Hopkins, L., Betti, R., Bhandarkar, S. D., Biener, J., Bionta, R. M., Birge, N. W., Bond, E. J., Bradley, D. K., Braun, T., Briggs, T. M., Bruhn, M. W., Celliers, P. M., Chang, B., Chapman, T., Chen, H., Choate, C., Christopherson, A. R., Clark, D. S., Crippen, J. W., Dewald, E. L., Dittrich, T. R., Edwards, M. J., Farmer, W. A., Field, J. E., Fittinghoff, D., Frenje, J., Gaffney, J., Gatu Johnson, M., Glenzer, S. H., Grim, G. P., Haan, S., Hahn, K. D., Hall, G. N., Hammel, B. A., Harte, J., Hartouni, E., Heebner, J. E., Hernandez, V. J., Herrmann, H., Herrmann, M. C., Hinkel, D. E., Ho, D. D., Holder, J. P., Hsing, W. W., Huang, H., Humbird, K. D., Izumi, N., Jarrott, L. C., Jeet, J., Jones, O., Kerbel, G. D., Kerr, S. M., Khan, S. F., Kilkenny, J., Kim, Y., Geppert Kleinrath, H., Geppert Kleinrath, V., Kong, C., Koning, J. M., Kroll, J. J., Kruse, M. K. G., Kustowski, B., Landen, O. L., Langer, S., Larson, D., Lemos, N. C., Lindl, J. D., Ma, T., MacDonald, M. J., MacGowan, B. J., Mackinnon, A. J., MacLaren, S. A., MacPhee, A. G., Marinak, M. M., Mariscal, D. A., Marley, E. V., Masse, L., Meaney, K., Meezan, N. B., Michel, P. A., Millot, M., Milovich, J. L., Moody, J. D., Moore, A. S., Morton, J. W., Murphy, T., Newman, K., Di Nicola, J.-M. G., Nikroo, A., Nora, R., Patel, M. V., Pelz, L. J., Peterson, J. L., Ping, Y., Pollock, B. B., Ratledge, M., Rice, N. G., Rinderknecht, H., Rosen, M., Rubery, M. S., Salmonson, J. D., Sater, J., Schiaffino, S., Schlossberg, D. J., Schneider, M. B., Schroeder, C. R., Scott, H. A., Sepke, S. M., Sequoia, K., Sherlock, M. W., Shin, S., Smalyuk, V. A., Spears, B. K., Springer, P. T., Stadermann, M., Stoupin, S., Strozzi, D. J., Suter, L. J., Thomas, C. A., Town, R. P. J., Tubman, E. R., Trosseille, C., Volegov, P. L., Weber, C. R., Widmann, K., Wild, C., Wilde, C. H., Van Wonterghem, B. M., Woods, D. T., Woodworth, B. N., Yamaguchi, M., Yang, S. T., and Zimmerman, G. B.

Published
2022
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13. The analysis of organic and inorganic samples by fast flow glow discharge mass spectrometry

Author

Newman, K.

Subjects
543
Abstract

This thesis reports the development and characterisation of the fast flow argon flow discharge source, coupled to quadrupole mass spectrometry, as a novel detector for gas chromatography. Also described are fundamental studies of the chemical and electrical properties of the flowing plasma, which further support the excited state model proposed in previous publications from this laboratory. The fast flow glow discharge source has been used for the GC-MS analysis of simple mixtures of halocarbons and organotin compounds. Detection limits in the low and sub-picogram range were obtained and the technique is shown to be a robust, simple and low cost alternative to existing plasma sources for elemental speciation. The voltage applied to the ion sampling cone has been used to easily control the degree of fragmentation of organic samples. When a small (< 10 V) positive bias was applied, molecular mass spectra were obtained with detection limits < 1 pg. When a negative bias was applied, the sample fragmented and dispersed the charge, which lowered the sensitivity. A progression to more fragmented ions was observed as the voltage was increased. This was similar to the type of information obtained from tandem mass spectrometry but only a single quadrupole was used in this work. The effect of the ion exit voltage on the organic ion intensities has been shown to be consistent with a secondary discharge of argon Rydberg (highly excited) states close to the sampling cone. When a negative bias is applied, the sample is fragmented in collisions with electrons accelerated in the field. When a positive bias is applied, positive ions are repelled but neutral molecular Rydberg species can pass through the exit aperture to the mass spectrometer, where they are then ionised. Therefore, the molecular mass spectra obtained may be considered as a form of Rydberg state mass spectrometry.

Published
2006

14. Integrated Population Modelling

Author

Newman, K. B., Buckland, S. T., Morgan, B. J. T., King, R., Borchers, D. L., Cole, D. J., Besbeas, P., Gimenez, O., Thomas, L., Robinson, Andrew P., Series editor, Buckland, Stephen T., Series editor, Reich, Peter, Series editor, McCarthy, Michael, Series editor, Newman, K. B., Buckland, S. T., Morgan, B. J. T., King, R., Borchers, D. L., Cole, D. J., Besbeas, P., Gimenez, O., and Thomas, L.

Published
2014
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15. Estimating Abundance from Mark-Recapture Data

Author

Newman, K. B., Buckland, S. T., Morgan, B. J. T., King, R., Borchers, D. L., Cole, D. J., Besbeas, P., Gimenez, O., Thomas, L., Robinson, Andrew P., Series editor, Buckland, Stephen T., Series editor, Reich, Peter, Series editor, McCarthy, Michael, Series editor, Newman, K. B., Buckland, S. T., Morgan, B. J. T., King, R., Borchers, D. L., Cole, D. J., Besbeas, P., Gimenez, O., and Thomas, L.

Published
2014
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16. Estimating Survival Probabilities from Mark-Re-Encounter Data

Author

Newman, K. B., Buckland, S. T., Morgan, B. J. T., King, R., Borchers, D. L., Cole, D. J., Besbeas, P., Gimenez, O., Thomas, L., Robinson, Andrew P., Series editor, Buckland, Stephen T., Series editor, Reich, Peter, Series editor, McCarthy, Michael, Series editor, Newman, K. B., Buckland, S. T., Morgan, B. J. T., King, R., Borchers, D. L., Cole, D. J., Besbeas, P., Gimenez, O., and Thomas, L.

Published
2014
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17. Modelling Population Dynamics Using Closed-Population Abundance Estimates

Author

Newman, K. B., Buckland, S. T., Morgan, B. J. T., King, R., Borchers, D. L., Cole, D. J., Besbeas, P., Gimenez, O., Thomas, L., Robinson, Andrew P., Series editor, Buckland, Stephen T., Series editor, Reich, Peter, Series editor, McCarthy, Michael, Series editor, Newman, K. B., Buckland, S. T., Morgan, B. J. T., King, R., Borchers, D. L., Cole, D. J., Besbeas, P., Gimenez, O., and Thomas, L.

Published
2014
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18. Model Formulation and Evaluation

Author

Newman, K. B., Buckland, S. T., Morgan, B. J. T., King, R., Borchers, D. L., Cole, D. J., Besbeas, P., Gimenez, O., Thomas, L., Robinson, Andrew P., Series editor, Buckland, Stephen T., Series editor, Reich, Peter, Series editor, McCarthy, Michael, Series editor, Newman, K. B., Buckland, S. T., Morgan, B. J. T., King, R., Borchers, D. L., Cole, D. J., Besbeas, P., Gimenez, O., and Thomas, L.

Published
2014
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19. Fitting State-Space Models

Author

Newman, K. B., Buckland, S. T., Morgan, B. J. T., King, R., Borchers, D. L., Cole, D. J., Besbeas, P., Gimenez, O., Thomas, L., Robinson, Andrew P., Series editor, Buckland, Stephen T., Series editor, Reich, Peter, Series editor, McCarthy, Michael, Series editor, Newman, K. B., Buckland, S. T., Morgan, B. J. T., King, R., Borchers, D. L., Cole, D. J., Besbeas, P., Gimenez, O., and Thomas, L.

Published
2014
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20. Matrix Models as Building Blocks for Population Dynamics

Author

Newman, K. B., Buckland, S. T., Morgan, B. J. T., King, R., Borchers, D. L., Cole, D. J., Besbeas, P., Gimenez, O., Thomas, L., Robinson, Andrew P., Series editor, Buckland, Stephen T., Series editor, Reich, Peter, Series editor, McCarthy, Michael, Series editor, Newman, K. B., Buckland, S. T., Morgan, B. J. T., King, R., Borchers, D. L., Cole, D. J., Besbeas, P., Gimenez, O., and Thomas, L.

Published
2014
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21. State-Space Models

Author

Newman, K. B., Buckland, S. T., Morgan, B. J. T., King, R., Borchers, D. L., Cole, D. J., Besbeas, P., Gimenez, O., Thomas, L., Robinson, Andrew P., Series editor, Buckland, Stephen T., Series editor, Reich, Peter, Series editor, McCarthy, Michael, Series editor, Newman, K. B., Buckland, S. T., Morgan, B. J. T., King, R., Borchers, D. L., Cole, D. J., Besbeas, P., Gimenez, O., and Thomas, L.

Published
2014
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22. Introduction

Author

Newman, K. B., Buckland, S. T., Morgan, B. J. T., King, R., Borchers, D. L., Cole, D. J., Besbeas, P., Gimenez, O., Thomas, L., Robinson, Andrew P., Series editor, Buckland, Stephen T., Series editor, Reich, Peter, Series editor, McCarthy, Michael, Series editor, Newman, K. B., Buckland, S. T., Morgan, B. J. T., King, R., Borchers, D. L., Cole, D. J., Besbeas, P., Gimenez, O., and Thomas, L.

Published
2014
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23. Concluding Remarks

Author

Newman, K. B., Buckland, S. T., Morgan, B. J. T., King, R., Borchers, D. L., Cole, D. J., Besbeas, P., Gimenez, O., Thomas, L., Robinson, Andrew P., Series editor, Buckland, Stephen T., Series editor, Reich, Peter, Series editor, McCarthy, Michael, Series editor, Newman, K. B., Buckland, S. T., Morgan, B. J. T., King, R., Borchers, D. L., Cole, D. J., Besbeas, P., Gimenez, O., and Thomas, L.

Published
2014
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24. Tolerability and Overall Mortality in Patients With Non-idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Progressive Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Disease Treated With Nintedanib: Real-world Evidence From a Single Specialist Centre

Author

Rivera Ortega, P., primary, Stranks, L., additional, Newman, K., additional, Garfoot, T., additional, Morris, H., additional, Zakis, K., additional, Swale, J., additional, Greaves, M., additional, Stanel, S., additional, Avram, C., additional, Blaikley, J., additional, Hayton, C., additional, and Leonard, C., additional

Published
2023
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26. Control of low-mode drive asymmetry in an efficient long-pulse low gas-fill density Hohlraum

Author

Izumi, N., primary, Döppner, T., additional, Milovich, J. L., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, Callahan, D. A., additional, Chapman, T., additional, Hinkel, D. E., additional, Hatala, C. V. Houldin, additional, Khan, S., additional, Kroll, J. J., additional, MacGowan, B. J., additional, Marin, E., additional, Mariscal, D., additional, Mauldin, M., additional, Millot, M., additional, Moody, J. D., additional, Newman, K., additional, Ratledge, M., additional, Ross, J. S., additional, Tubman, E., additional, Vonhof, S., additional, and Wall, J., additional

Published
2023
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32. P30 Real-world tolerability study of nintedanib in patients with progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease compared to patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Author

Newman, K, primary, Garfoot, T, additional, Stranks, L, additional, Morris, H, additional, Zakis, K, additional, Swale, J, additional, Greaves, M, additional, Stanel, S, additional, Ramjug, S, additional, Avram, C, additional, Blaikley, J, additional, Leonard, C, additional, Hayton, C, additional, and Rivera-Ortega, P, additional

Published
2022
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33. P23 Predictors of mortality in progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease patients treated with Nintedanib: real-world data from a single ILD specialist centre

Author

Stranks, L, primary, Newman, K, additional, Garfoot, T, additional, Morris, H, additional, Zakis, K, additional, Swale, J, additional, Greaves, M, additional, Stanel, S, additional, Ramjug, S, additional, Avram, C, additional, Blaikley, J, additional, Leonard, C, additional, Hayton, C, additional, and Rivera-Ortega, P, additional

Published
2022
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40. Experimental achievement and signatures of ignition at the National Ignition Facility

Author

Zylstra, A. B., primary, Kritcher, A. L., additional, Hurricane, O. A., additional, Callahan, D. A., additional, Ralph, J. E., additional, Casey, D. T., additional, Pak, A., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, Bachmann, B., additional, Baker, K. L., additional, Berzak Hopkins, L., additional, Bhandarkar, S. D., additional, Biener, J., additional, Bionta, R. M., additional, Birge, N. W., additional, Braun, T., additional, Briggs, T. M., additional, Celliers, P. M., additional, Chen, H., additional, Choate, C., additional, Clark, D. S., additional, Divol, L., additional, Döppner, T., additional, Fittinghoff, D., additional, Edwards, M. J., additional, Gatu Johnson, M., additional, Gharibyan, N., additional, Haan, S., additional, Hahn, K. D., additional, Hartouni, E., additional, Hinkel, D. E., additional, Ho, D. D., additional, Hohenberger, M., additional, Holder, J. P., additional, Huang, H., additional, Izumi, N., additional, Jeet, J., additional, Jones, O., additional, Kerr, S. M., additional, Khan, S. F., additional, Geppert Kleinrath, H., additional, Geppert Kleinrath, V., additional, Kong, C., additional, Lamb, K. M., additional, Le Pape, S., additional, Lemos, N. C., additional, Lindl, J. D., additional, MacGowan, B. J., additional, Mackinnon, A. J., additional, MacPhee, A. G., additional, Marley, E. V., additional, Meaney, K., additional, Millot, M., additional, Moore, A. S., additional, Newman, K., additional, Di Nicola, J.-M. G., additional, Nikroo, A., additional, Nora, R., additional, Patel, P. K., additional, Rice, N. G., additional, Rubery, M. S., additional, Sater, J., additional, Schlossberg, D. J., additional, Sepke, S. M., additional, Sequoia, K., additional, Shin, S. J., additional, Stadermann, M., additional, Stoupin, S., additional, Strozzi, D. J., additional, Thomas, C. A., additional, Tommasini, R., additional, Trosseille, C., additional, Tubman, E. R., additional, Volegov, P. L., additional, Weber, C. R., additional, Wild, C., additional, Woods, D. T., additional, Yang, S. T., additional, and Young, C. V., additional

Published
2022
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41. Design of an inertial fusion experiment exceeding the Lawson criterion for ignition

Author

Kritcher, A. L., primary, Zylstra, A. B., additional, Callahan, D. A., additional, Hurricane, O. A., additional, Weber, C. R., additional, Clark, D. S., additional, Young, C. V., additional, Ralph, J. E., additional, Casey, D. T., additional, Pak, A., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, Bachmann, B., additional, Baker, K. L., additional, Berzak Hopkins, L., additional, Bhandarkar, S. D., additional, Biener, J., additional, Bionta, R. M., additional, Birge, N. W., additional, Braun, T., additional, Briggs, T. M., additional, Celliers, P. M., additional, Chen, H., additional, Choate, C., additional, Divol, L., additional, Döppner, T., additional, Fittinghoff, D., additional, Edwards, M. J., additional, Gatu Johnson, M., additional, Gharibyan, N., additional, Haan, S., additional, Hahn, K. D., additional, Hartouni, E., additional, Hinkel, D. E., additional, Ho, D. D., additional, Hohenberger, M., additional, Holder, J. P., additional, Huang, H., additional, Izumi, N., additional, Jeet, J., additional, Jones, O., additional, Kerr, S. M., additional, Khan, S. F., additional, Geppert Kleinrath, H., additional, Geppert Kleinrath, V., additional, Kong, C., additional, Lamb, K. M., additional, Le Pape, S., additional, Lemos, N. C., additional, Lindl, J. D., additional, MacGowan, B. J., additional, Mackinnon, A. J., additional, MacPhee, A. G., additional, Marley, E. V., additional, Meaney, K., additional, Millot, M., additional, Moore, A. S., additional, Newman, K., additional, Di Nicola, J.-M. G., additional, Nikroo, A., additional, Nora, R., additional, Patel, P. K., additional, Rice, N. G., additional, Rubery, M. S., additional, Sater, J., additional, Schlossberg, D. J., additional, Sepke, S. M., additional, Sequoia, K., additional, Shin, S. J., additional, Stadermann, M., additional, Stoupin, S., additional, Strozzi, D. J., additional, Thomas, C. A., additional, Tommasini, R., additional, Trosseille, C., additional, Tubman, E. R., additional, Volegov, P. L., additional, Wild, C., additional, Woods, D. T., additional, and Yang, S. T., additional

Published
2022
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42. Sleep Patterns and Daytime Sleepiness in Adolescents and Young Adults with Williams Syndrome

Author

Goldman, S. E., Malow, B. A., and Newman, K. D.

Abstract

Background: Sleep disorders are common in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders and may adversely affect daytime functioning. Children with Williams syndrome have been reported to have disturbed sleep; however, no studies have been performed to determine if these problems continue into adolescence and adulthood. Methods: This study examined overnight sleep patterns and daytime sleepiness in 23 adolescents and adults with Williams syndrome age 25.5 (8.0) years [mean (SD)]. Interviewer-administered sleep questionnaires were used to evaluate nighttime sleep behaviours and daytime sleepiness. Wrist actigraphy was used to evaluate sleep patterns. Results: Although individuals in our sample averaged 9 h in bed at night, daytime sleepiness and measures of sleep disruption were common and comparable to those of other populations with neurodevelopmental disorders. These measures included reduced sleep efficiency [74.4 (7.0)%] with prolonged sleep latency [37.7 (37.3) min], increased wake time after sleep onset [56.1 (17.6) min], and an elevated movement and fragmentation index [14.3 (4.6)]. Conclusion: Adolescents and young adults with Williams syndrome were found to be sleepy despite averaging 9 h in bed at night. Implications are discussed for associated causes of sleep disruption and future polysomnographic evaluation.

Published
2009
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43. Impact of Health Care-Associated Cost Concerns on Mammography Utilization: Cross-Sectional Survey Results From the National Health Interview Survey

Author

Randy C. Miles, Efren J. Flores, Ruth C. Carlos, Newman K. Boakye-Ansa, Corey Brown, Young-Jin Sohn, and Anand K. Narayan

Subjects
Cross-Sectional Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Humans, Mass Screening, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Breast Neoplasms, Female, Early Detection of Cancer, Health Services Accessibility, Mammography
Abstract

Health care-related cost concerns and financial toxicity are increasingly recognized barriers along the breast cancer care continuum. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between patient-reported cost concerns and screening mammography utilization.Survey participants aged 40 to 74 years from the 2018 National Health Interview Survey without personal history of breast cancer were included (response rate: 64%). Respondents were queried if they had experienced specific access-related health care barriers. Multiple variable logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between barriers to care and patient-reported screening mammography utilization.Of survey respondents, 7,511 women were included. Of this group, 68.9% reported receiving a screening mammogram within the last 2 years and 52.2% reported receiving a screening mammogram within the last year. Of all survey respondents, 48.4% reported worry paying medical bills. Patients who reported worry about paying medical bills (odds ratio [OR] 0.86; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.76-0.97; P = .01), challenges affording dental care (OR 0.65; 95% CI: 0.54-0.77; P.01), and challenges affording eyeglasses (OR 0.67; 95% CI: 0.54-0.84; P.01) were less likely to report screening mammography use than their respective counterparts. Patients who skipped medication doses (OR 0.69; 95% CI: 0.52-0.91; P.01), took less medication, (OR 0.63; 95% CI: 0.48-0.82; P.01), and delayed filling prescriptions (OR 0.71; 95% CI: 0.56-0.90; P.01) to save money were also less likely to report receiving mammography screening.Patient-reported cost-related barriers are associated with decreased utilization of routine mammography.

Published
2022

44. Multi-class classification of breast tissue using optical coherence tomography and attenuation imaging combined via deep learning

Author

Foo, KY, Newman, K, Fang, Q, Gong, P, Ismail, HM, Lakhiani, DD, Zilkens, R, Dessauvagie, BF, Latham, B, Saunders, CM, Chin, L, Kennedy, BF, Foo, KY, Newman, K, Fang, Q, Gong, P, Ismail, HM, Lakhiani, DD, Zilkens, R, Dessauvagie, BF, Latham, B, Saunders, CM, Chin, L, and Kennedy, BF

Abstract

We demonstrate a convolutional neural network (CNN) for multi-class breast tissue classification as adipose tissue, benign dense tissue, or malignant tissue, using multi-channel optical coherence tomography (OCT) and attenuation images, and a novel Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC)-based loss function that correlates more strongly with performance metrics than the commonly used cross-entropy loss. We hypothesized that using multi-channel images would increase tumor detection performance compared to using OCT alone. 5,804 images from 29 patients were used to fine-tune a pre-trained ResNet-18 network. Adding attenuation images to OCT images yields statistically significant improvements in several performance metrics, including benign dense tissue sensitivity (68.0% versus 59.6%), malignant tissue positive predictive value (PPV) (79.4% versus 75.5%), and total accuracy (85.4% versus 83.3%), indicating that the additional contrast from attenuation imaging is most beneficial for distinguishing between benign dense tissue and malignant tissue.

Published
2022

45. Quantitative Micro-Elastography Enables In Vivo Detection of Residual Cancer in the Surgical Cavity during Breast-Conserving Surgery

Author

Gong, P, Chin, SL, Allen, WM, Ballal, H, Anstie, JD, Chin, L, Ismail, HM, Zilkens, R, Lakhiani, DD, McCarthy, M, Fang, Q, Firth, D, Newman, K, Thomas, C, Li, J, Sanderson, RW, Foo, KY, Yeomans, C, Dessauvagie, BF, Latham, B, Saunders, CM, Kennedy, BF, Gong, P, Chin, SL, Allen, WM, Ballal, H, Anstie, JD, Chin, L, Ismail, HM, Zilkens, R, Lakhiani, DD, McCarthy, M, Fang, Q, Firth, D, Newman, K, Thomas, C, Li, J, Sanderson, RW, Foo, KY, Yeomans, C, Dessauvagie, BF, Latham, B, Saunders, CM, and Kennedy, BF

Abstract

UNLABELLED: Breast-conserving surgery (BCS) is commonly used for the treatment of early-stage breast cancer. Following BCS, approximately 20% to 30% of patients require reexcision because postoperative histopathology identifies cancer in the surgical margins of the excised specimen. Quantitative micro-elastography (QME) is an imaging technique that maps microscale tissue stiffness and has demonstrated a high diagnostic accuracy (96%) in detecting cancer in specimens excised during surgery. However, current QME methods, in common with most proposed intraoperative solutions, cannot image cancer directly in the patient, making their translation to clinical use challenging. In this proof-of-concept study, we aimed to determine whether a handheld QME probe, designed to interrogate the surgical cavity, can detect residual cancer directly in the breast cavity in vivo during BCS. In a first-in-human study, 21 BCS patients were scanned in vivo with the QME probe by five surgeons. For validation, protocols were developed to coregister in vivo QME with postoperative histopathology of the resected tissue to assess the capability of QME to identify residual cancer. In four cavity aspects presenting cancer and 21 cavity aspects presenting benign tissue, QME detected elevated stiffness in all four cancer cases, in contrast to low stiffness observed in 19 of the 21 benign cases. The results indicate that in vivo QME can identify residual cancer by directly imaging the surgical cavity, potentially providing a reliable intraoperative solution that can enable more complete cancer excision during BCS. SIGNIFICANCE: Optical imaging of microscale tissue stiffness enables the detection of residual breast cancer directly in the surgical cavity during breast-conserving surgery, which could potentially contribute to more complete cancer excision.

Published
2022

46. Lawson Criterion for Ignition Exceeded in an Inertial Fusion Experiment

Author

Abu-Shawareb, H, Acree, R, Adams, P, Adams, J, Addis, B, Aden, R, Adrian, P, Afeyan, BB, Aggleton, M, Aghaian, L, Aguirre, A, Aikens, D, Akre, J, Albert, F, Albrecht, M, Albright, BJ, Albritton, J, Alcala, J, Alday, C, Alessi, DA, Alexander, N, Alfonso, J, Alfonso, N, Alger, E, Ali, SJ, Ali, ZA, Alley, WE, Amala, P, Amendt, PA, Amick, P, Ammula, S, Amorin, C, Ampleford, DJ, Anderson, RW, Anklam, T, Antipa, N, Appelbe, B, Aracne-Ruddle, C, Araya, E, Arend, M, Arnold, P, Arnold, T, Asay, J, Atherton, LJ, Atkinson, D, Atkinson, R, Auerbach, JM, Austin, B, Auyang, L, Awwal, AS, Ayers, J, Ayers, S, Ayers, T, Azevedo, S, Bachmann, B, Back, CA, Bae, J, Bailey, DS, Bailey, J, Baisden, T, Baker, KL, Baldis, H, Barber, D, Barberis, M, Barker, D, Barnes, A, Barnes, CW, Barrios, MA, Barty, C, Bass, I, Batha, SH, Baxamusa, SH, Bazan, G, Beagle, JK, Beale, R, Beck, BR, Beck, JB, Bedzyk, M, Beeler, RG, Behrendt, W, Belk, L, Bell, P, Belyaev, M, Benage, JF, Bennett, G, Benedetti, LR, Benedict, LX, Berger, R, Bernat, T, Bernstein, LA, Berry, B, Bertolini, L, Besenbruch, G, Betcher, J, Bettenhausen, R, Betti, R, Bezzerides, B, Bhandarkar, SD, Bickel, R, Biener, J, Biesiada, T, Bigelow, K, Bigelow-Granillo, J, Bigman, V, Bionta, RM, Birge, NW, Bitter, M, Black, AC, Bleile, R, Bleuel, DL, Bliss, E, Blue, B, Boehly, T, Boehm, K, Boley, CD, Bonanno, R, Bond, EJ, Bond, T, Bonino, MJ, Borden, M, Bourgade, J-L, Bousquet, J, Bowers, J, Bowers, M, Boyd, R, Bozek, A, Bradley, DK, Bradley, KS, Bradley, PA, Bradley, L, Brannon, L, Brantley, PS, Braun, D, Braun, T, Brienza-Larsen, K, Briggs, TM, Britten, J, Brooks, ED, Browning, D, Bruhn, MW, Brunner, TA, Bruns, H, Brunton, G, Bryant, B, Buczek, T, Bude, J, Buitano, L, Burkhart, S, Burmark, J, Burnham, A, Burr, R, Busby, LE, Butlin, B, Cabeltis, R, Cable, M, Cabot, WH, Cagadas, B, Caggiano, J, Cahayag, R, Caldwell, SE, Calkins, S, Callahan, DA, Calleja-Aguirre, J, Camara, L, Camp, D, Campbell, EM, Campbell, JH, Carey, B, Carey, R, Carlisle, K, Carlson, L, Carman, L, Carmichael, J, Carpenter, A, Carr, C, Carrera, JA, Casavant, D, Casey, A, Casey, DT, Castillo, A, Castillo, E, Castor, JI, Castro, C, Caughey, W, Cavitt, R, Celeste, J, Celliers, PM, Cerjan, C, Chandler, G, Chang, B, Chang, C, Chang, J, Chang, L, Chapman, R, Chapman, T, Chase, L, Chen, H, Chen, K, Chen, L-Y, Cheng, B, Chittenden, J, Choate, C, Chou, J, Chrien, RE, Chrisp, M, Christensen, K, Christensen, M, Christopherson, AR, Chung, M, Church, JA, Clark, A, Clark, DS, Clark, K, Clark, R, Claus, L, Cline, B, Cline, JA, Cobble, JA, Cochrane, K, Cohen, B, Cohen, S, Collette, MR, Collins, G, Collins, LA, Collins, TJB, Conder, A, Conrad, B, Conyers, M, Cook, AW, Cook, D, Cook, R, Cooley, JC, Cooper, G, Cope, T, Copeland, SR, Coppari, F, Cortez, J, Cox, J, Crandall, DH, Crane, J, Craxton, RS, Cray, M, Crilly, A, Crippen, JW, Cross, D, Cuneo, M, Cuotts, G, Czajka, CE, Czechowicz, D, Daly, T, Danforth, P, Darbee, R, Darlington, B, Datte, P, Dauffy, L, Davalos, G, Davidovits, S, Davis, P, Davis, J, Dawson, S, Day, RD, Day, TH, Dayton, M, Deck, C, Decker, C, Deeney, C, DeFriend, KA, Deis, G, Delamater, ND, Delettrez, JA, Demaret, R, Demos, S, Dempsey, SM, Desjardin, R, Desjardins, T, Desjarlais, MP, Dewald, EL, DeYoreo, J, Diaz, S, Dimonte, G, Dittrich, TR, Divol, L, Dixit, SN, Dixon, J, Dodd, ES, Dolan, D, Donovan, A, Donovan, M, Döppner, T, Dorrer, C, Dorsano, N, Douglas, MR, Dow, D, Downie, J, Downing, E, Dozieres, M, Draggoo, V, Drake, D, Drake, RP, Drake, T, Dreifuerst, G, DuBois, DF, DuBois, PF, Dunham, G, Dylla-Spears, R, Dymoke-Bradshaw, AKL, Dzenitis, B, Ebbers, C, Eckart, M, Eddinger, S, Eder, D, Edgell, D, Edwards, MJ, Efthimion, P, Eggert, JH, Ehrlich, B, Ehrmann, P, Elhadj, S, Ellerbee, C, Elliott, NS, Ellison, CL, Elsner, F, Emerich, M, Engelhorn, K, England, T, English, E, Epperson, P, Epstein, R, Erbert, G, Erickson, MA, Erskine, DJ, Erlandson, A, Espinosa, RJ, Estes, C, Estabrook, KG, Evans, S, Fabyan, A, Fair, J, Fallejo, R, Farmer, N, Farmer, WA, Farrell, M, Fatherley, VE, Fedorov, M, Feigenbaum, E, Feit, M, Ferguson, W, Fernandez, JC, Fernandez-Panella, A, Fess, S, Field, JE, Filip, CV, Fincke, JR, Finn, T, Finnegan, SM, Finucane, RG, Fischer, M, Fisher, A, Fisher, J, Fishler, B, Fittinghoff, D, Fitzsimmons, P, Flegel, M, Flippo, KA, Florio, J, Folta, J, Folta, P, Foreman, LR, Forrest, C, Forsman, A, Fooks, J, Foord, M, Fortner, R, Fournier, K, Fratanduono, DE, Frazier, N, Frazier, T, Frederick, C, Freeman, MS, Frenje, J, Frey, D, Frieders, G, Friedrich, S, Froula, DH, Fry, J, Fuller, T, Gaffney, J, Gales, S, Le Galloudec, B, Le Galloudec, KK, Gambhir, A, Gao, L, Garbett, WJ, Garcia, A, Gates, C, Gaut, E, Gauthier, P, Gavin, Z, Gaylord, J, Geissel, M, Génin, F, Georgeson, J, Geppert-Kleinrath, H, Geppert-Kleinrath, V, Gharibyan, N, Gibson, J, Gibson, C, Giraldez, E, Glebov, V, Glendinning, SG, Glenn, S, Glenzer, SH, Goade, S, Gobby, PL, Goldman, SR, Golick, B, Gomez, M, Goncharov, V, Goodin, D, Grabowski, P, Grafil, E, Graham, P, Grandy, J, Grasz, E, Graziani, F, Greenman, G, Greenough, JA, Greenwood, A, Gregori, G, Green, T, Griego, JR, Grim, GP, Grondalski, J, Gross, S, Guckian, J, Guler, N, Gunney, B, Guss, G, Haan, S, Hackbarth, J, Hackel, L, Hackel, R, Haefner, C, Hagmann, C, Hahn, KD, Hahn, S, Haid, BJ, Haines, BM, Hall, BM, Hall, C, Hall, GN, Hamamoto, M, Hamel, S, Hamilton, CE, Hammel, BA, Hammer, JH, Hampton, G, Hamza, A, Handler, A, Hansen, S, Hanson, D, Haque, R, Harding, D, Harding, E, Hares, JD, Harris, DB, Harte, JA, Hartouni, EP, Hatarik, R, Hatchett, S, Hauer, AA, Havre, M, Hawley, R, Hayes, J, Hayes, S, Hayes-Sterbenz, A, Haynam, CA, Haynes, DA, Headley, D, Heal, A, Heebner, JE, Heerey, S, Heestand, GM, Heeter, R, Hein, N, Heinbockel, C, Hendricks, C, Henesian, M, Heninger, J, Henrikson, J, Henry, EA, Herbold, EB, Hermann, MR, Hermes, G, Hernandez, JE, Hernandez, VJ, Herrmann, MC, Herrmann, HW, Herrera, OD, Hewett, D, Hibbard, R, Hicks, DG, Hill, D, Hill, K, Hilsabeck, T, Hinkel, DE, Ho, DD, Ho, VK, Hoffer, JK, Hoffman, NM, Hohenberger, M, Hohensee, M, Hoke, W, Holdener, D, Holdener, F, Holder, JP, Holko, B, Holunga, D, Holzrichter, JF, Honig, J, Hoover, D, Hopkins, D, Berzak Hopkins, L, Hoppe, M, Hoppe, ML, Horner, J, Hornung, R, Horsfield, CJ, Horvath, J, Hotaling, D, House, R, Howell, L, Hsing, WW, Hu, SX, Huang, H, Huckins, J, Hui, H, Humbird, KD, Hund, J, Hunt, J, Hurricane, OA, Hutton, M, Huynh, KH-K, Inandan, L, Iglesias, C, Igumenshchev, IV, Izumi, N, Jackson, M, Jackson, J, Jacobs, SD, James, G, Jancaitis, K, Jarboe, J, Jarrott, LC, Jasion, D, Jaquez, J, Jeet, J, Jenei, AE, Jensen, J, Jimenez, J, Jimenez, R, Jobe, D, Johal, Z, Johns, HM, Johnson, D, Johnson, MA, Gatu Johnson, M, Johnson, RJ, Johnson, S, Johnson, SA, Johnson, T, Jones, K, Jones, O, Jones, M, Jorge, R, Jorgenson, HJ, Julian, M, Jun, BI, Jungquist, R, Kaae, J, Kabadi, N, Kaczala, D, Kalantar, D, Kangas, K, Karasiev, VV, Karasik, M, Karpenko, V, Kasarky, A, Kasper, K, Kauffman, R, Kaufman, MI, Keane, C, Keaty, L, Kegelmeyer, L, Keiter, PA, Kellett, PA, Kellogg, J, Kelly, JH, Kemic, S, Kemp, AJ, Kemp, GE, Kerbel, GD, Kershaw, D, Kerr, SM, Kessler, TJ, Key, MH, Khan, SF, Khater, H, Kiikka, C, Kilkenny, J, Kim, Y, Kim, Y-J, Kimko, J, Kimmel, M, Kindel, JM, King, J, Kirkwood, RK, Klaus, L, Klem, D, Kline, JL, Klingmann, J, Kluth, G, Knapp, P, Knauer, J, Knipping, J, Knudson, M, Kobs, D, Koch, J, Kohut, T, Kong, C, Koning, JM, Koning, P, Konior, S, Kornblum, H, Kot, LB, Kozioziemski, B, Kozlowski, M, Kozlowski, PM, Krammen, J, Krasheninnikova, NS, Kraus, B, Krauser, W, Kress, JD, Kritcher, AL, Krieger, E, Kroll, JJ, Kruer, WL, Kruse, MKG, Kucheyev, S, Kumbera, M, Kumpan, S, Kunimune, J, Kustowski, B, Kwan, TJT, Kyrala, GA, Laffite, S, Lafon, M, LaFortune, K, Lahmann, B, Lairson, B, Landen, OL, Langenbrunner, J, Lagin, L, Land, T, Lane, M, Laney, D, Langdon, AB, Langer, SH, Langro, A, Lanier, NE, Lanier, TE, Larson, D, Lasinski, BF, Lassle, D, LaTray, D, 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Subjects
General Physics, 02 Physical Sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Indirect Drive ICF Collaboration, 01 Mathematical Sciences, 09 Engineering
Abstract

For more than half a century, researchers around the world have been engaged in attempts to achieve fusion ignition as a proof of principle of various fusion concepts. Following the Lawson criterion, an ignited plasma is one where the fusion heating power is high enough to overcome all the physical processes that cool the fusion plasma, creating a positive thermodynamic feedback loop with rapidly increasing temperature. In inertially confined fusion, ignition is a state where the fusion plasma can begin "burn propagation" into surrounding cold fuel, enabling the possibility of high energy gain. While "scientific breakeven" (i.e., unity target gain) has not yet been achieved (here target gain is 0.72, 1.37 MJ of fusion for 1.92 MJ of laser energy), this Letter reports the first controlled fusion experiment, using laser indirect drive, on the National Ignition Facility to produce capsule gain (here 5.8) and reach ignition by nine different formulations of the Lawson criterion.

Published
2022

47. Perceptions of fake news, misinformation, and disinformation amid the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative exploration

Author

Hadlington, L, Harkin, L, Kuss, D, Newman, K, and Ryding, F

Subjects
Cultural Studies, Communication, Psychology (miscellaneous), Applied Psychology
Abstract

Fake news and misinformation spread quickly and virulently during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, potentially outpacing the spread of the virus itself across the globe. This study aimed to develop a greater understanding of how individuals make sense of and interact with information they suspect to be fake by exploring perceptions of information sharing on social media during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 24 participants (Nfemale= 14,Nmale= 10) took part in semi structured telephone interviews from March to June2020. Thematic analysis was guided by principles of social constructionism. A total of 3 themes were developed from the data. First, participant interactions with information on social media were directed by the intention "Staying Social." Second, the role of social media and the uncertainty of the pandemic was framed as "A Perfect Storm for Fake News." Third, participants framed interactions in terms of "Fact-Checking" with differing rigor in this process. The data demonstrated the complexities involved when it came to participants' experiences related to fake news and misinformation surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic. The results also highlight some of the key challenges faced when it comes to preventing the spread of fake news and misinformation, particularly from the online to the offline environment. The results are discussed in the context of strategies and frameworks that can aid in educating individuals about the dangers of misinformation.

Published
2022

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