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452 results on '"Newman, Sally"'

1. Characterizing fire and fire atmospheric states from space using collocated hyperspectral infrared sounding and narrow-band imagery

Author

Zhou, Xuyang, Yue, Qing, Li, King-Fai, Fishbein, Evan, Chen, Xiuhong, Tan, Lin, Newman, Sally, Fetzer, Eric, and Yung, Yuk L

Subjects
Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Sciences, Fire and associated environmental condition, changes, Space-borne imagers and sounders, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Geomatic Engineering, Geological & Geomatics Engineering, Earth sciences
Published
2024

3. New constraints of terrestrial and oceanic global gross primary productions from the triple oxygen isotopic composition of atmospheric CO2 and O2

Author

Liang, Mao-Chang, Laskar, Amzad H, Barkan, Eugeni, Newman, Sally, Thiemens, Mark H, and Rangarajan, Ravi

Subjects
Earth Sciences, Biological Sciences, Ecology, Life Below Water
Abstract

Representations of the changing global carbon cycle under climatic and environmental perturbations require highly detailed accounting of all atmosphere and biosphere exchange. These fluxes remain unsatisfactory, as a consequence of only having data with limited spatiotemporal coverage and precision, which restrict accurate assessments. Through the nature of intimate coupling of global carbon and oxygen cycles via O2 and CO2 and their unique triple oxygen isotope compositions in the biosphere and atmosphere, greater insight is available. We report analysis of their isotopic compositions with the widest geographical and temporal coverage (123 new measurements for CO2) and constrain, on an annual basis, the global CO2 recycling time (1.5 ± 0.2 year) and gross primary productivities of terrestrial (~ 170-200 PgC/year) and oceanic (~ 90-120 PgC/year) biospheres. Observed inter-annual variations in CO2 triple oxygen isotopic compositions were observed at a magnitude close to the largest contrast set by the terrestrial and oceanic biospheres. The seasonal cycles between the east and west Pacific Ocean were found to be drastically different. This intra-annual variability implies that the entire atmospheric CO2 turnover time is not much longer than the tropospheric mixing time (less than ~ 5 months), verifying the derived recycling time. The new measurements, analyses, and incorporation of other global data sets allow development of an independent approach, providing a strong constraint to biogeochemical models.

Published
2023

4. Hospital-level volume in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cases and death or disability at 6 months

Author

Hodgson, Carol, Fulcher, Bentley, Linke, Natalie, Board, Jasmin, Buhr, Heidi, Cooper, Jamie, Fraser, John, Bernard, Stephen, Brodie, Daniel, Pilcher, David, Fan, Eddy, Udy, Andrew, Gattas, David, Pellegrino, Vincent, Hopper, Ingrid, Litton, Ed, Nair, Priya, Orford, Neil, Parke, Rachael, Stub, Dion, Higgins, Alisa M., Burrell, Aidan, McGuiness, Shay, Reddi, Benjamin, Trapani, Tony, Huckson, Sue, Anderson, Shannah, Dicker, Craig, Jones, Annalie, Martin, Emma, McCracken, Phoebe, Sheldrake, Jayne, Vallance, Shirley, Young, Meredith, Bellomo, Rinaldo, Eastwood, Glenn, Hilton, Andrew, Peck, Leah, Dyett, John, Hunter, Stephanie, Liew, Cheelim, Heard, Joshua, Lijo, Sebastian, Nourse, Mary, Rai, Sumeet, Singh, Manoj, Veerendra, Hemanth, Xu, Tina, Barrett, Jonathan, Brooks, Kyle, Hanlon, Gabrielle, Allen, Chris, Bizzell, Samantha, Eroglu, Ege, Palermo, Annamaria, Pellicano, Susan, Bersten, Andrew, Bihari, Shailesh, Brown, Julia, Comerford, Sharon, Grear, Laura, McIntyre, Joanne, Jin, Xia, Wiersema, Ubbo, Figures, Dee, Gough, Maimoonbe, Pitman, Julie, Tallott, Mandy, Winearls, James, Brieva, Jorge, Hopkins, Madeleine, Jayarman, Nanda, Poulter, Amber-Louise, Quarello, Kate, Aneman, Anders, Austin, Danielle, McCanny, Peter, Miller, Jennene, Murfin, Brendan, Cox, Yolanda, Guo, Stephanie, Shehabi, Yayha, Brown, Amanda, Butt, Pamela, Bushell, Rachel, Lavana, Jayshree, Lockwood, Dawn, Pearce, India, Salt, Gavin, Thambiraj, Solomon, Howard, Meg, Joyce, Chris, Meyer, Jason, Walsham, James, Brown, Nerissa, Glasby, Kathleen, O'Connor, Stephanie, Rivett, Justine, Yap, Joannies, Bristow, Debra, Pincus, Jason, Stuart, Janine, Anstey, James, Barge, Deborah, Butler, Menoly, Gebbie, Bradley, Bass, Frances, Janin, Pierre, Hammond, Naomi, Potger, Kieron, Yarad, Elizabeth, Carey, Ruaidhri, Coles, Jennifer, Totaro, Richard, Anstey, Matthew, Endemann, Anthadene, Hardy, Sarah, Popa, Roxana, Richards, Stephen, Rock, Lara, Wibrow, Bradley, Barbazza, Leanne, Dixon, Barry, Holmes, Jennifer, Hurune, Patricia, O'Brien, Yvette, Buscher, Hergen, Newman, Sally, Reynolds, Claire, Henson, Gail, Senthuran, Siva, Win, April, Breguet, Samantha, Horton, Michelle, McCaffrey, Joe, Trickey, Jemma, Bannerjee, Ashoke, Davidson, Benjamin, Joy, Jenyfer, Kong, Jing, Ertugrul, Atacan D., Neto, Ary Serpa, Fulcher, Bentley J., Charles-Nelson, Anaïs, Bailey, Michael, Burrell, Aidan J.C., Board, Jasmin V., Cooper, D. James, Fraser, John F., Gattas, David J., Hopper, Ingrid K., Linke, Natalie J., Litton, Edward, McGuinness, Shay P., Parke, Rachael L., Pellegrino, Vincent A., Pilcher, David V., Udy, Andrew A., Reddi, Benjamin A.J., Trapani, Tony V., and Hodgson, Carol L.

Published
2024
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5. A multi-city urban atmospheric greenhouse gas measurement data synthesis

Author

Mitchell, Logan E, Lin, John C, Hutyra, Lucy R, Bowling, David R, Cohen, Ronald C, Davis, Kenneth J, DiGangi, Elizabeth, Duren, Riley M, Ehleringer, James R, Fain, Clayton, Falk, Matthias, Guha, Abhinav, Karion, Anna, Keeling, Ralph F, Kim, Jooil, Miles, Natasha L, Miller, Charles E, Newman, Sally, Pataki, Diane E, Prinzivalli, Steve, Ren, Xinrong, Rice, Andrew, Richardson, Scott J, Sargent, Maryann, Stephens, Britton B, Turnbull, Jocelyn C, Verhulst, Kristal R, Vogel, Felix, Weiss, Ray F, Whetstone, James, and Wofsy, Steven C

Subjects
Climate Action, Sustainable Cities and Communities
Abstract

Urban regions emit a large fraction of anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) that contribute to modern-day climate change. As such, a growing number of urban policymakers and stakeholders are adopting emission reduction targets and implementing policies to reach those targets. Over the past two decades research teams have established urban GHG monitoring networks to determine how much, where, and why a particular city emits GHGs, and to track changes in emissions over time. Coordination among these efforts has been limited, restricting the scope of analyses and insights. Here we present a harmonized data set synthesizing urban GHG observations from cities with monitoring networks across North America that will facilitate cross-city analyses and address scientific questions that are difficult to address in isolation.

Published
2022

6. Improved methane emission estimates using AVIRIS-NG and an Airborne Doppler Wind Lidar

Author

Thorpe, Andrew K, O'Handley, Christopher, Emmitt, George D, DeCola, Philip L, Hopkins, Francesca M, Yadav, Vineet, Guha, Abhinav, Newman, Sally, Herner, Jorn D, Falk, Matthias, and Duren, Riley M

Subjects
Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Sciences, Methane, CH4, Emission estimate, Emission rate, Flux, Plume, Concentration, Wind, Wind Speed, Wind direction, Controlled Release Experiment, Next generation Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer, AVIRIS-NG, Imaging spectrometer, Twin Otter Doppler Wind Lidar, TODWL, Airborne Doppler Wind Lidar, ADWL, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Geomatic Engineering, Geological & Geomatics Engineering, Earth sciences
Published
2021

8. Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry International Report 2022: 100,000 Survivors

Author

Tonna, Joseph E., Boonstra, Philip S., MacLaren, Graeme, Paden, Matthew, Brodie, Daniel, Anders, Marc, Hoskote, Aparna, Ramanathan, Kollengode, Hyslop, Rob, Fanning, Jeffrey J., Rycus, Peter, Stead, Christine, Barrett, Nicholas A., Mueller, Thomas, Gómez, Rene D., Malhotra Kapoor, Poonam, Fraser, John F., Bartlett, Robert H., Alexander, Peta M.A., Barbaro, Ryan P., Abbasi, Adeel, Said Abdalmohsen, Ahmad, Abdelbary, Akram M., Abecasis, Francisco, Abel, Peter, Abu-Omar, Yasir, Adams, Douglas R, Manuel Africano, Juan, Aganga, Devon, Agati, Salvatore, Agerstrand, Cara, Aguillon, Mario V., Akers, Crystal S., Akhtarekhavari, Julia, Alazzam, Mohammad Izzat Salah, Albert, Martin, Alberti, Angela, Al-Fares, Abdulrahman A., Alfoudri, Huda, Allaert, Silvie, Allbert, Keesha N., Allen, Christopher T., Lescano Alva, Miguel Ángel, Alwardt, Cory M., Amigoni, Angela, Anandamurthy, Balaram, Anastasiadis, Kyriakos, Anders, Nicholas R., Anderson, Scott A., Anderson, Patricia L., Andrijević, Ana, Annoni, Alice, Anselmi, Michael, Anstey, James R., Antonini, Marta V., Antonitsis, Polychronis, Stein Araujo, Tays, Arcalas, Rhodney, Areinamo, Igor, Martin Arias, Anibal, Armijo-Garcia, Veronica, Aronsky, Vladimir, Arora, Lovkesh, Arora, Madhur, Leigh Aspenleiter, Marit, Atik, Fernando A., AugustGeorg Auzinger, Erin Colleen, Azzam, Ismail, Bacchetta, Matthew, Bak, Erica I., Balcells, Joan, Sánchez Ballesteros, Jesús, Banjac, Igor S., Barbaria, Jacqueline M., Barrigoto, Cleide L., Bass, Stephanie D., Batranović, Uroš, Bauer, Matthew H., Fernando Bautista, Diego, Beck, Robert M., Giraldo Bejarano, Estefania, Belohlavek, Jan, Bembea, Melania M., Benes, Jan, Benharash, Peyman, Benish, Lynne A., Bennett, Suzanne, Bento, Luís F.N., Bermudez, Christian A., Bertini, Pietro, Best, Derek, Bharat, Ankit, Bhutta, Omar J., Bizzell, Samantha J., Blakeman, Stephanie A., Blanco-Schweizer, Pablo, Blanton, Jessica K., Blood, Peggy S., Bohlmann, Allison S., Kyle Bohman, John, Bombino, Michela, Kathleen Bonadonna, Desiree, Bond, Ashley, Borgmann, Kristina M., Bourgoin, Pierre, Boville, Brian M., Boza, Raquel, Brady, Heather L., Brady, Alison, Braunlich, Jessica M., Bridges, Brian C., Brinkley, Karen K., Brookshire, Robert S., Brozzi Nicole Brueggemann, Nicolas A., Buckley, Dwight P., Jr., Buckley, Klayton, Budhani, Irfan B., Bukamal, Nazar, Burgos, Lucrecia M, Burša, Filip, Busby, Landon K., Buscher, Hergen, Butler, Menoly, Butt, Warwick W., Byrnes, Jonathan W., Calaritis, Christos, Caldwell, Lisa R., Calligaro, Gregory L., Campbell, Patrick T., Camporota, Luigi, Fernando Caneo, Luiz, Jovo Carapic, Vladimir, Carrasco-Carrasco, Cristina, Ivan Carrizo, Nestor, Carrow, Heidi, Carton, Edmund G., Casabella, Christian, Gomez Casal, Vanesa, Casey, Francis L., III, Castillo, Andres, Castleberry, Anthony W., Alexandros Cavayas, Yiorgos, Cerqua, Karey, Ming Chan, Kai Man ChanWai, Brian Chapman, Jason, Brahma Chari, Hari, Cheifetz, Omair ChaudharyIra M., Chen, Robin H.S, Chen, Weiting, Cheung, Eva W., Cheung, Anson, Chico, Juan I., Chiletti, Roberto, Jin Cho, Hwa, Cholette, Jill M., Christensen, Steffen, Chui, Betty S., Circelli, Alessandro, Clement, Katherine C., Cleuziou, Julie, Clouse, Brian, Cole, Gwendolen, Coles, Garrett M., Collins, Monika F., Collins, Monika F., Connelly, James, Conrad, Steven A., Cook, Marlene, Copeland, Hannah, Copus, Scott C., Cox, Charles S., Jr, Craig, Lynne K., Crain, Natasha, Cremonese, Ricardo V., Criswell, Emily A., Cross, Lisa M., Crowley, Moira A., Crowley, Jerome C., Cruz, Leonora, Cypel, Marcelo, Czarnik, Tomasz, Czuczwa, Miroslaw E., Sica da Rocha, Taís, Daddow, Samuel, Dali, Dante C., Dalton, Heidi J., Daly, Kathleen J.R., Damuth, Emily, Daniel, Dennis A., Daniel IV, John M., Daniel, Josiane M., Danis, Max D., Danko, Melissa E., Rodrigues Dantas, Joao Alberto, Daoust, Isabelle, Dauwe, Dieter F., Davidson, Mark, Davis, Joel C., Davis, Mitchell, D’Cunha, Jonathan, de Arruda Bravim, Bruno, de BoodeKim T. De La Cruz, Willem P., Gray DeAngelis, Kathryn, Debeuckelaere, Gerdy, Deitemyer, Matthew A., DellaVolpe, Jeffrey, Deneau, Jamie L., DeNino, Walter F., Denmark, Christopher G., Denney, Derek, DeValeria, Patrick A., Dewulf, Petra, Di Nardo, Matteo, DiBardino, Daniel J., DiMartino, Joseph, Dimopoulos, Stavros, Domico, Michele B., Dominy, Meaghan E., Donker, Dirk W., Dresbach, Till, Droogh, Joep M., Dunlap, Tiffany W., Dupon, Allsion, Durham, Lucian A., III, Durward, Andrew, Dvorak, Anna, Dyett, John F., Dziedzina, Carol L., Eaken, Carmen L., Eaton, Jonathan S., Eberle, Christopher J., Edwards, Linda, Efseviou, Christakis, Eigner, Juliann M., Ahmed Elhamrawi, Hazem, Elhazmi, Alyaa M., Elizondo, Tammy, Ellersick, Beverly L., Emling, Jonathan A., Ernst, Andreas, Pablo Escalante, Juan, Espinoza, Otoniel, Evey, Lee W., Fan, Eddy, Fang, Gary, Faulkner, Gail M., Fauman, Karen R, Ferguson, Niall, Ferreira, Benigno, Fiane, Arnt E., Andrade Fierro, Dario, Martha Filippi, María, Findeisen, Michael C., Finlay, Katie, Finlayson, Gordon, Fischer, Gwenyth A., Fischer, Courtney D., Fischer, William J., III, Fisher, Caleb M., Fitriasari, Reni, Fitzgerald, Jillian, Fix, Melissa K., Fleming, Sarah B., Flynn, Brigid C., Forst, Beth A., Fortuna, Philip P., Foti, Giuseppe, Fox, Matthew P., Franco, Thais O., David Freeland, C., Fried, Justin A., Friedman, Matthew L., Furlanetto, Beatriz, Fux, Thomas, Gaião, Sérgio, Gale, Michael J., Garcia, Joann Kathleen G., Garcia-Montilla, Romel, Gardner, Eric R., Garg, Meena, Garrison, Lawrence L., Gavrilovic, Srdjan M., Gawda, Ryszard, Geer, Laura W., Gelandt, Elton A., Gelvin, Michael G., Genovese, Bradley M., George, Jeffrey A., George, Timothy J, George, Sangley, Ghimire, Anup, Giani, Marco, Gill, Baljit S., Glikes, Erin, Golecki, Michael, Gongora, Enrique, Govener, Sara, Graf, Amanda, Grasselli, Giacomo, Gray, Brian W., Greenlee, Joseph A., III, Gregoric, Igor D., Gregory, Melinda, Grins, Edgars, Volker Groesdonk, Heinrich, Group, Kimberly F., Guarracino, Fabio, Joy Guidi-Solloway, Alexandra, Gunn, Tyler M., Guru, Pramod K, Haddle, John C., Haft, Jonathan W., Haisz, Emma, Hall, Julie L., Hall, Cameron, Hamaguchi, Jun, Hammond, Terese C., Han, Peggy K., Hardison, Daphne C., Harischandra, Dickwelle T., Hart, Shaun M., Harting, Matthew T., Hartley, Louise, Harvey, Chris J., Hasan, Zubair, Fawzy Hassan, Ibrahim, Hastings, Jennifer R., Hatcher, Renee’, Hatton, Kevin W., Haught, Christopher K., Awori Hayanga, Jeremiah, Peter Haydon, Timothy, Healy, Aaron H., Heard, Micheal L., Heather, Beth M., Hendrix, Rik H.J., Hennig, Felix, Hermens, Greet HermansJeannine A.J., Hernandez, Deborah A., Hernandez-Montfort, Jaime, Herrera, Guillermo, Hickman, Keri, Hittel, Ashley, Hobbs, Crystal, Hoffman, Jordan R.H., Hollinger, Laura E., Homishak, Michael, Horigoshi, Nelson K., Hoshino, Kota, Huang, Shu-Chien, Huenges, Katharina, Hussey, Alexander D., Hyslop, Robert W., Ihle, Rayan E., Ingemansson, Ola, Ivulich, Daniel, Jackson, Amanda L., Garcia Jacques, Rogelio, Jain, Harsh, Jakobs, Sharon M., Jan, Robert, Janowiak, Lisa M., Jara, Claire B., Jarden, Angela M., Jarzembowski, Jamie L., Jaudon, Andrew, Kishore Jayanthi, Venkata Krishna, Jennings, Joseph A., Jeong, Inseok, Meza Jiménez, Rafael, Jimenez-Rodriguez, Gian M., Joachim, Sabrina, Joelsons, Daniel, Johnson, Caroline A., Johnson, Andrea L., Jones, Jeffry H., Joseph, Mark, Joseph, Sunimol, Joshi, Raja, Joyce, Christopher J., Seung Jung, Jae, Carone Junior, José, Kallas, Harry J., KamerkarPilje Kang, Asavari, Kar, Biswajit, Karapanagiotidis, Georgios T., Kattan, Javier, Kaufman, David A., Kawauchi, Akira, Keene, Sarah D., Keller, Norma M., Keller, Roberta, Kelley, Emily W., Kelley, Kellie, Kelly-Geyer, Janet F., Kenderessy, Peter, Kenny, Laura E., Keshavjee, Shaf, Kessel, D., Kessler, Heather, Keuler, Suzanne, Khicha, Sanjay, Wan Kim, Do, Kim, Richard Y., Maxwell Kime, Aaron, Kincade, Robert C., Kipfmueller, Florian, Kirk, Douglas A., Klein, Liviu, Knapp, Randall S., Knapp, Randall S., Kneyber, Martin C.J., Knowles, Andrea L., Koch, Jillian M., Koepke, Stephanie, Kogelmann, Klaus M., Elzo Kraemer, Carlos, Krauklis, Amanda, Krumroy, Samantha L., Kumar, Madhan, Kumar, Arun, Kumpf, Matthias E, Kyle, Kimberly, Laffin, Anna, Kees Lagrand, Wim, Lahiji, Parshawn A., Keung Lai, Peter Chi, Ka Lai, Cally Ho, Danielle Laird, Amanda, Landsberg, Michelle LaMarreDavid M., Lanmueller, Pia, Oude Lansink-Hartgring, Annemieke, Beth Larson, Sharon, Laufenberg, De’Ann M., Lavana, Jayshree, Layne, Tracie L., John Lazar, Michael, Ledoux, Matthew R., Lee, Raymond C., Leek, Thomas M., Lequier, Laurance, Lesbekov, Timur, Leslie, Robert, Anne Leung, Kit Hung, Lillie, Jon, Phang Lim, Yeong, Lim, Sang-Hyun, Lin, Ling, Lindsey, Thomas, Ho Ling, Steven Kin, Lingle, Kaitlyn J., Lipes, Jed, Liu, Songqiao, Llevadias, Judit, Lomas, Erin A., Longenecker, Robert D., Lorusso, Roberto, Ann Low, Tracy, Steven Lubinsky, Anthony, Lucas, Matthias LubnowMark T., Lucchini, Alberto, Luze, Lisa E., Lynch, William R., Manoj, M.C., Maas, Jacinta J., MacNamara, Vanessa, Madden, Jesse L., Maimone, Justin, Malhotra, Rajiv, Malone, Matthew P., Mangukia, Chirantan, Manzur-Sandoval, Daniel, Maráczi, Veronika, Marinaro, Jonathan L., Marinucci, Christina R., Marshall, Tammy, Martin, Mark, Marwali, Eva M., Maslach-Hubbard, Anna, Matijašević, Jovan, Mattke, Adrian, Mattucci, Joseph, Maul, Timothy M., Maybauer, Marc O., Mayette, Michael, Mayville, Joni R., McAllister, Catherine, McBride, Martha W., Scott McCaul, David, McClelland, Samantha L.S., Gregory McCloskey, Colin, McGregor, Randy, McKamie, Wesley A., McKee, Andrew D., McMahon, Chelsea M., McMullin, Kaye, McNicol, Jane, McNulty, John P., McRae, Thomas, Meade, Maureen E., Meersseman, Philippe, Mekeirele, Michael, Ito Mendes, Elisa, Menon, Anuradha P., Meyer, Jason P., Meyers, Jourdan E., Meyns, Bart, Mignone, John L., Miller, Brittany D., Miller, Malcolm G.A., Miller, Deborah, Mintak, Renee, Minter, Sarah M., Reis Miranda, Dinis, Mirza, Farrukh, Mishkin, Joseph D., Modelewski, Paul, Mohan, Rajeev C., Hui Mok, Yee, Money, Dustin, Monteagudo, Julie, Moores, Russell R., Jr., Moran, Patrick, Morelock, Shawn, Moreno, Marsha R., Blanco Morillo, Juan, Morrison, Tracy, Morton, John M., Morton, Brenda, Moscatelli, Andrea, Mosier, Jarrod M., Muellenbach, Ralf M., Mueller, Andreas, Mueller, Dale, Musca, Steven C., Nagpal, Dave, Najaf, Tasnim, Narasimhan, Mangala, Nater, Melissa, Natividad, Zynthia, Nedeljkov, Djordje, Nelson, Bryan D., Newman, Sally F., Newton, Debra E., Neyman, Jonathan L., George Ng, Wing Yiu, Nicholson, Meghan C., Nicolaas, Christine, Nix, Charlie, Nkwantabisa, Raymond, Nolan, Shirley, Norese, Mariano, Norton, Bridget M., Norton, Bridget M., O’Brien, Serena G., O’Callaghan, Maura, Oishi, Peter, O’Leary, Tony D., Olia, Salim E., O’Meara, Carlisle, Oppel, Emily E., Arias Ortiz, Julian, Oza, Pranay L., Ozment, Caroline P., Pacific, Marjorie, Pálizas, Fernando, Palmer, David, Paoletti, Luca, Pardo, Diego H., Paredes, Pablo, Patel, Thomas PasgaardMrunal G., Patel, Sandeep M., Patel, Vijay S., Patel, Brijesh V., PatelDrisya Paul, Sameer, Pawale, Amit A., Pearson, Nicole M., Renee Pearson, Crystal, Peek, Giles J., Pellecchia, Crescens M., Pellegrino, Vincent, Peperstraete, Harlinde, Perkins, Rebecca L., Perkins, Brandon, Peterec, Steven, Peterman, Claire, Phillips, Cooper W., Piekutowski, Richard R., Pilan, María L., Luisa Pilan, Maria, Mark Pincus, Jason, Pino, Melissa, Plambeck, Robert W., Plisco, Michael S., Plumley, Donald A., Plunkett, Mark D., Poffo, Robinson, Poh, Pei-Fen, Polito, Angelo, Pollema, Travis L, Pozzi, Matteo, Pozzi, Matteo, Pranikoff, Thomas, Prekker, Matthew E., Prossen, Erik F., Puligandla, Pramod S., Puslecki, Mateusz, Raheel Qureshi, Muhammad, Emilia Rabanal, Lily, Abdulhamid Rabie, Ahmed, Rackley, Craig R., Radovancevic, Rajko, Raes, Matthias, Allen Raff, Lauren Desiree, Rahban, Youssef, Raimer, Patricia L., Rajbanshi, Bijoy G., Ramanan, Raj, Rambaud, Jerome, Ramírez-Arce, Jorge A., Simões Ramos, Ana Carolina, Rao, Suresh G., Rector, Raymond, Redfors, Bengt, Regmi, Ashim, Alejandro Rey, Jose, Miguel Ribeiro, Joao, Richards, Chelsea E, Joan Richardson, C., Riddle, Christy C., Riera, Jordi, Ripardo, Marina, Rivas, Fernando M., Roan, Ronald M., Robertson, Elizabeth, Robinson, Megan, Röder, Daniel, Rodrigus, Inez E.R., Paul Roeleveld, Peter, Romano, Jennifer C., Rona, Roberto, Ann Rosenberg, Carol, Rosenow, Felix, Rowe, Robert J., Rower, Katy E., Rudolph, Kristina L., Fernando Rueda, Luis, Ruf, Bettina, Russell, Hyde M., Russell, Nichole, Ryan, Kathleen, Saberi, Asif A., Said, Ahmed S., Sailor, Caitlin, Sakal, Angela, Lujan Salas, Gisela, Salazar, Leonardo, Saleem, Kashif, Samoukovic, Gordan, Sanchez, Pablo G., Marie Santiago, Lian, Sargin, Murat, Miguel Sassine, Assad, Satou, Nancy L., Saunders, Paul C., Schachinger, Scott, Schaible, Thomas, Schellongowski, Peter, Schlager, Gerald W., Schmid, Christof, Schmitt, Joachim, Schnell, LeeAndra, Schnur, Janos, Schroeder, Lukas, Schubach, Scott, Schuetz, Michael T., Schwartz, Gary S., Schwarz, Patricia, Scriven, Nicole M., Seabrook, Ruth B., Seefeldt, Cassandra, Seelhammer, Troy G., Segura-Matute, Susana, Sen, Ayan, Adrian Seoane, Leonardo, Shaffer, Jamie, Shafi, Bilal M., Shambley, Shannon, Shankar, Shyam, Shapland, Amanda, Sharng, Yih, Shavelle, David, Sheldrake, Jayne, Mohan Shetty, Rajesh, Shiber, Joseph R., Shimzu, Naoki, Lou Short, Billie, Sichting, Kay A., Sidehamer, Keith E., Siebenaler, Teka, Silvestry, Scott C., Sinclair, Jennifer T, Sinclair, Andrew, Singh, Aalok R., Singh, Gurmeet, Skinner, Sean C., Smart, Alexandra, Smith, Reanna M., Smith, Adam, Smith, Karen, Sommer-Candelario, Sherri, Song, Seunghwan, Sorensen, Gro, Sousa, Eduardo, Sower, Christopher T., Spadea, Nicholas V, Spangle, April, Speicher, David G., Spieth, Peter M., Srivastava, Ankur, Srivastava, Neeraj, Stahl, Mark, Stallkamp, Eric D., Jr, Stanley, Vanessa J., Starr, Joanne P., Staudinger, Thomas, Stevens, Berkeley E., Stevens, Kimberly, Stocker, Christian, Strickland, Richard, Suarez, Erik E., Kumar Subramanian, Rakesh, Sudakevych, Serhii, Summerall, Charlene, Sundararajan, Santosh, Susupaus, Attapoom, Suzuki, Hiroyuki, Sweberg, Todd, Sydzyik, Troy, Anh Ta, Tuan, Tagliari, Luciana, Tanaka, Hiroyuki, Tanski, Christopher T., Tasset, Mark, Taylor, Donna M., Teman, Nicholas R., Ramesh Thangaraj, Paul, Thiagarajan, Ravi R., Thiruchelvam, Timothy, Thomas, James A., Thomas, Owain D., Thompson, Shaun L., Thomson, David A., Thukaram, Roopa, Todd, Mark L., Toeg, Hadi, Torres, Silvio F., Trautner, Simon, Trombino, Terry, Tuazon, Divina M., Tuel, Julie, Tukacs, Monika, Turner, April N., Tyree, Melissa M., Uchiyama, Prashant Vaijyanath, Makoto, van den Brule, Judith M.D., van Dyck, Marlice A., van Gijlswijk, Mascha, Van Meurs, Krisa P., VanDyck, Tyler J., Vardi, Amir, Vega, Alejandra, Ventetuolo, Corey E., Vera, Magdalena, Vercaemst, Leen, Vets, Philippe, Viamonte, Heather, Vidlund, Mårten, Vitali, Sally H., Vlaa, Alexander P.J., Vuylsteke, Alain, Loon Wan, Kah, Watkins, Reuben, Watson, Pia, Weast, Travis A., Weaver, Karen E., Welkovics, Norbert, Wellner, Heidi L., Wells, Jason C., Welter, Karen, Westpheling, Amber G., Whalen, Lesta D.S., Whebell, Stephen, Wiersema, Ubbo, Wiisanen, Matthew E., Eugene Wilcox, Bradley, Wille, Keith, Jan Will, Ellyne, Wilson, Brock J., Win, April M., Winearls, James R., Wise, Linda J., Witter, Tobias, Ruby Wong, Hoi Mei, Worku, Berhane, Wright, Tina M, Wu, James K., Yalon, Larissa A., Yantosh, Garrett, Yaranov, Dmitry M., Yee, Pat, Yi, Cassia, Yost, Christian C., Young, John, Younger, Katrina, Zaborowski, Steven, Zachmann, Brenda, Zainab, Asma, Zanai, Rosanna, Zhao, Ju, Zhou, Chengbin, and Zinger, Marcia

Published
2024
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14. Methane on Mars and Habitability: Challenges and Responses

Author

Yung, Yuk L, Chen, Pin, Nealson, Kenneth, Atreya, Sushil, Beckett, Patrick, Blank, Jennifer G, Ehlmann, Bethany, Eiler, John, Etiope, Giuseppe, Ferry, James G, Forget, Francois, Gao, Peter, Hu, Renyu, Kleinböhl, Armin, Klusman, Ronald, Lefèvre, Franck, Miller, Charles, Mischna, Michael, Mumma, Michael, Newman, Sally, Oehler, Dorothy, Okumura, Mitchio, Oremland, Ronald, Orphan, Victoria, Popa, Radu, Russell, Michael, Shen, Linhan, Lollar, Barbara Sherwood, Staehle, Robert, Stamenković, Vlada, Stolper, Daniel, Templeton, Alexis, Vandaele, Ann C, Viscardy, Sébastien, Webster, Christopher R, Wennberg, Paul O, Wong, Michael L, and Worden, John

Subjects
Exobiology, Extraterrestrial Environment, Mars, Methane, Spectrum Analysis, Time Factors, CH4, Subsurface redox conditions, Mars instrumentation, Astrobiology 18, xxx-xxx, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Astronomy & Astrophysics
Abstract

Recent measurements of methane (CH4) by the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) now confront us with robust data that demand interpretation. Thus far, the MSL data have revealed a baseline level of CH4 (∼0.4 parts per billion by volume [ppbv]), with seasonal variations, as well as greatly enhanced spikes of CH4 with peak abundances of ∼7 ppbv. What do these CH4 revelations with drastically different abundances and temporal signatures represent in terms of interior geochemical processes, or is martian CH4 a biosignature? Discerning how CH4 generation occurs on Mars may shed light on the potential habitability of Mars. There is no evidence of life on the surface of Mars today, but microbes might reside beneath the surface. In this case, the carbon flux represented by CH4 would serve as a link between a putative subterranean biosphere on Mars and what we can measure above the surface. Alternatively, CH4 records modern geochemical activity. Here we ask the fundamental question: how active is Mars, geochemically and/or biologically? In this article, we examine geological, geochemical, and biogeochemical processes related to our overarching question. The martian atmosphere and surface are an overwhelmingly oxidizing environment, and life requires pairing of electron donors and electron acceptors, that is, redox gradients, as an essential source of energy. Therefore, a fundamental and critical question regarding the possibility of life on Mars is, "Where can we find redox gradients as energy sources for life on Mars?" Hence, regardless of the pathway that generates CH4 on Mars, the presence of CH4, a reduced species in an oxidant-rich environment, suggests the possibility of redox gradients supporting life and habitability on Mars. Recent missions such as ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter may provide mapping of the global distribution of CH4. To discriminate between abiotic and biotic sources of CH4 on Mars, future studies should use a series of diagnostic geochemical analyses, preferably performed below the ground or at the ground/atmosphere interface, including measurements of CH4 isotopes, methane/ethane ratios, H2 gas concentration, and species such as acetic acid. Advances in the fields of Mars exploration and instrumentation will be driven, augmented, and supported by an improved understanding of atmospheric chemistry and dynamics, deep subsurface biogeochemistry, astrobiology, planetary geology, and geophysics. Future Mars exploration programs will have to expand the integration of complementary areas of expertise to generate synergistic and innovative ideas to realize breakthroughs in advancing our understanding of the potential of life and habitable conditions having existed on Mars. In this spirit, we conducted a set of interdisciplinary workshops. From this series has emerged a vision of technological, theoretical, and methodological innovations to explore the martian subsurface and to enhance spatial tracking of key volatiles, such as CH4.

Published
2018

15. Inverse Estimation of an Annual Cycle of California's Nitrous Oxide Emissions

Author

Jeong, Seongeun, Newman, Sally, Zhang, Jingsong, Andrews, Arlyn E, Bianco, Laura, Dlugokencky, Ed, Bagley, Justin, Cui, Xinguang, Priest, Chad, Campos‐Pineda, Mixtli, and Fischer, Marc L

Subjects
Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Sciences, Climate Action, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Atmospheric sciences, Climate change science
Abstract

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent long-lived greenhouse gas (GHG) and the strongest current emissions of global anthropogenic stratospheric ozone depletion weighted by its ozone depletion potential. In California, N2O is the third largest contributor to the state's anthropogenic GHG emission inventory, though no study has quantified its statewide annual emissions through top-down inverse modeling. Here we present the first annual (2013–2014) statewide top-down estimates of anthropogenic N2O emissions. Utilizing continuous N2O observations from six sites across California in a hierarchical Bayesian inversion, we estimate that annual anthropogenic emissions are 1.5–2.5 times (at 95% confidence) the state inventory (41 Gg N2O in 2014). Without mitigation, this estimate represents 4–7% of total GHG emissions assuming that other reported GHG emissions are reasonably correct. This suggests that control of N2O could be an important component in meeting California's emission reduction goals of 40% and 80% below 1990 levels of the total GHG emissions (in CO2 equivalent) by 2030 and 2050, respectively. Our seasonality analysis suggests that emissions are similar across seasons within posterior uncertainties. Future work is needed to provide source attribution for subregions and further characterization of seasonal variability.

Published
2018

18. Carbon dioxide and methane measurements from the Los Angeles Megacity Carbon Project - Part 1: calibration, urban enhancements, and uncertainty estimates.

Author

Verhulst, Kristal R, Karion, Anna, Kim, Jooil, Salameh, Peter K, Keeling, Ralph F, Newman, Sally, Miller, John, Sloop, Christopher, Pongetti, Thomas, Rao, Preeti, Wong, Clare, Hopkins, Francesca M, Yadav, Vineet, Weiss, Ray F, Duren, Riley M, and Miller, Charles E

Subjects
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, Atmospheric Sciences, Astronomical and Space Sciences
Abstract

We report continuous surface observations of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) from the Los Angeles (LA) Megacity Carbon Project during 2015. We devised a calibration strategy, methods for selection of background air masses, calculation of urban enhancements, and a detailed algorithm for estimating uncertainties in urban-scale CO2 and CH4 measurements. These methods are essential for understanding carbon fluxes from the LA megacity and other complex urban environments globally. We estimate background mole fractions entering LA using observations from four "extra-urban" sites including two "marine" sites located south of LA in La Jolla (LJO) and offshore on San Clemente Island (SCI), one "continental" site located in Victorville (VIC), in the high desert northeast of LA, and one "continental/mid-troposphere" site located on Mount Wilson (MWO) in the San Gabriel Mountains. We find that a local marine background can be established to within ~1 ppm CO2 and ~10 ppb CH4 using these local measurement sites. Overall, atmospheric carbon dioxide and methane levels are highly variable across Los Angeles. "Urban" and "suburban" sites show moderate to large CO2 and CH4 enhancements relative to a marine background estimate. The USC (University of Southern California) site near downtown LA exhibits median hourly enhancements of ~20 ppm CO2 and ~150 ppb CH4 during 2015 as well as ~15 ppm CO2 and ~80 ppb CH4 during mid-afternoon hours (12:00-16:00 LT, local time), which is the typical period of focus for flux inversions. The estimated measurement uncertainty is typically better than 0.1 ppm CO2 and 1 ppb CH4 based on the repeated standard gas measurements from the LA sites during the last 2 years, similar to Andrews et al. (2014). The largest component of the measurement uncertainty is due to the single-point calibration method; however, the uncertainty in the background mole fraction is much larger than the measurement uncertainty. The background uncertainty for the marine background estimate is ~10 and ~15 % of the median mid-afternoon enhancement near downtown LA for CO2 and CH4, respectively. Overall, analytical and background uncertainties are small relative to the local CO2 and CH4 enhancements; however, our results suggest that reducing the uncertainty to less than 5 % of the median mid-afternoon enhancement will require detailed assessment of the impact of meteorology on background conditions.

Published
2017

19. Hospital-level volume in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cases and death or disability at 6 months

Author

Ertugrul, Atacan D., Neto, Ary Serpa, Fulcher, Bentley J., Charles-Nelson, Anaïs, Bailey, Michael, Burrell, Aidan J.C., Anderson, Shannah, Bernard, Stephen, Board, Jasmin V., Brodie, Daniel, Buhr, Heidi, Cooper, D. James, Dicker, Craig, Fan, Eddy, Fraser, John F., Gattas, David J., Hopper, Ingrid K., Huckson, Sue, Linke, Natalie J., Litton, Edward, McGuinness, Shay P., Nair, Priya, Orford, Neil, Parke, Rachael L., Pellegrino, Vincent A., Pilcher, David V., Stub, Dion, Udy, Andrew A., Reddi, Benjamin A.J., Trapani, Tony V., Jones, Annalie, Higgins, Alisa M., Hodgson, Carol L., Hodgson, Carol, Fulcher, Bentley, Linke, Natalie, Board, Jasmin, Buhr, Heidi, Cooper, Jamie, Fraser, John, Bernard, Stephen, Brodie, Daniel, Pilcher, David, Fan, Eddy, Udy, Andrew, Gattas, David, Pellegrino, Vincent, Hopper, Ingrid, Litton, Ed, Nair, Priya, Orford, Neil, Parke, Rachael, Stub, Dion, Higgins, Alisa M., Burrell, Aidan, McGuiness, Shay, Reddi, Benjamin, Trapani, Tony, Huckson, Sue, Anderson, Shannah, Dicker, Craig, Jones, Annalie, Board, Jasmin, Jones, Annalie, Martin, Emma, McCracken, Phoebe, Pellegrino, Vincent, Sheldrake, Jayne, Vallance, Shirley, Young, Meredith, Bellomo, Rinaldo, Eastwood, Glenn, Hilton, Andrew, Peck, Leah, Dyett, John, Hunter, Stephanie, Liew, Cheelim, Heard, Joshua, Lijo, Sebastian, Nourse, Mary, Rai, Sumeet, Singh, Manoj, Veerendra, Hemanth, Xu, Tina, Barrett, Jonathan, Brooks, Kyle, Hanlon, Gabrielle, Allen, Chris, Bizzell, Samantha, Eroglu, Ege, Litton, Ed, Palermo, Annamaria, Pellicano, Susan, Bersten, Andrew, Bihari, Shailesh, Brown, Julia, Comerford, Sharon, Grear, Laura, McIntyre, Joanne, Jin, Xia, Wiersema, Ubbo, Figures, Dee, Gough, Maimoonbe, Pitman, Julie, Tallott, Mandy, Winearls, James, Brieva, Jorge, Hopkins, Madeleine, Jayarman, Nanda, Poulter, Amber-Louise, Quarello, Kate, Aneman, Anders, Austin, Danielle, McCanny, Peter, Miller, Jennene, Murfin, Brendan, Cox, Yolanda, Guo, Stephanie, Shehabi, Yayha, Brown, Amanda, Butt, Pamela, Bushell, Rachel, Fraser, John, Lavana, Jayshree, Lockwood, Dawn, Pearce, India, Salt, Gavin, Thambiraj, Solomon, Howard, Meg, Joyce, Chris, Meyer, Jason, Walsham, James, Brown, Nerissa, Glasby, Kathleen, O'Connor, Stephanie, Reddi, Benjamin, Rivett, Justine, Yap, Joannies, Bristow, Debra, Pincus, Jason, Stuart, Janine, Anstey, James, Barge, Deborah, Butler, Menoly, Gebbie, Bradley, Bass, Frances, Janin, Pierre, Hammond, Naomi, Potger, Kieron, Yarad, Elizabeth, Buhr, Heidi, Carey, Ruaidhri, Coles, Jennifer, Gattas, David, Totaro, Richard, Anstey, Matthew, Endemann, Anthadene, Hardy, Sarah, Popa, Roxana, Richards, Stephen, Rock, Lara, Wibrow, Bradley, Barbazza, Leanne, Dixon, Barry, Holmes, Jennifer, Hurune, Patricia, O'Brien, Yvette, Buscher, Hergen, Nair, Priya, Newman, Sally, Reynolds, Claire, Henson, Gail, Senthuran, Siva, Win, April, Breguet, Samantha, Horton, Michelle, McCaffrey, Joe, Orford, Neil, Trickey, Jemma, Bannerjee, Ashoke, Davidson, Benjamin, Joy, Jenyfer, and Kong, Jing

Abstract

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a high-risk procedure with significant morbidity and mortality and there is an uncertain volume-outcome relationship, especially regarding long-term functional outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine the association between ECMO centre volume and long-term death and disability outcomes.

Published
2024
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21. Estimating methane emissions in California’s urban and rural regions using multi-tower observations:

Author

Jeong, Seongeun, Newman, Sally, Zhang, Jingsong, Andrews, Arlyn E., Bianco, Laura, Bagley, Justin, Cui, Xinguang, Graven, Heather, Kim, Jooil, Salameh, Peter, LaFranchi, Brian W., Priest, Chad, Campos-Pineda, Mixtli, Novakovskaia, Elena, Sloop, Christopher D., Michelsen, Hope A., Bambha, Ray P., Weiss, Ray F., Keeling, Ralph, and Fischer, Marc L.

Abstract

We present an analysis of methane (CH4) emissions using atmospheric observations from 36 thirteen sites in California during June 2013 – May 2014. A hierarchical Bayesian inversion 37 method is used to estimate CH4 emissions for spatial regions (0.3° pixels for major regions) by 38 comparing measured CH4 mixing ratios with transport model (WRF-STILT) predictions based 39 on seasonally varying California-specific CH4 prior emission models. The transport model is 40 assessed using a combination of meteorological and carbon monoxide (CO) measurements 41 coupled with the gridded California Air Resources Board (CARB) carbon monoxide (CO) 42 emission inventory. Hierarchical Bayesian inversion suggests that state annual anthropogenic 43 CH4 emissions are 2.42 ± 0.49 Tg CH4/yr (at 95% confidence, including transport bias 44 uncertainty), higher (1.2 - 1.8 times) than the CARB current inventory (1.64 Tg CH4/yr in 2013). 45 We note that the estimated CH4 emissions drop to 1.0 - 1.6 times the CARB inventory if we 46 correct for the 10% median CH4 emissions assuming the bias in CO analysis is applicable to 47 CH4. The CH4 emissions from the Central Valley and urban regions (San Francisco Bay and 48 South Coast Air Basins) account for ~58% and 26% of the total posterior emissions, 49 respectively. This study suggests that the livestock sector is likely the major contributor to the 50 state total CH4 emissions, in agreement with CARB’s inventory. Attribution to source sectors for 51 sub-regions of California using additional trace gas species would further improve the 52 quantification of California’s CH4 emissions and mitigation efforts towards the California Global 53 Warming Solutions Act of 2006 (AB-32).

Published
2016

22. Los Angeles megacity: a high-resolution land–atmosphere modelling system for urban CO2 emissions

Author

Feng, Sha, Lauvaux, Thomas, Newman, Sally, Rao, Preeti, Ahmadov, Ravan, Deng, Aijun, Díaz-Isaac, Liza I, Duren, Riley M, Fischer, Marc L, Gerbig, Christoph, Gurney, Kevin R, Huang, Jianhua, Jeong, Seongeun, Li, Zhijin, Miller, Charles E, O'Keeffe, Darragh, Patarasuk, Risa, Sander, Stanley P, Song, Yang, Wong, Kam W, and Yung, Yuk L

Subjects
Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Sciences, Climate Action, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, Atmospheric sciences, Climate change science
Abstract

Megacities are major sources of anthropogenic fossil fuel CO2 (FFCO2) emissions. The spatial extents of these large urban systems cover areas of 10 000 km2 or more with complex topography and changing landscapes. We present a high-resolution land-atmosphere modelling system for urban CO2 emissions over the Los Angeles (LA) megacity area. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)-Chem model was coupled to a very high-resolution FFCO2 emission product, Hestia-LA, to simulate atmospheric CO2 concentrations across the LA megacity at spatial resolutions as fine as ∼ 1 km. We evaluated multiple WRF configurations, selecting one that minimized errors in wind speed, wind direction, and boundary layer height as evaluated by its performance against meteorological data collected during the CalNex-LA campaign (May-June 2010). Our results show no significant difference between moderate-resolution (4 km) and high-resolution (1.3 km) simulations when evaluated against surface meteorological data, but the high-resolution configurations better resolved planetary boundary layer heights and vertical gradients in the horizontal mean winds. We coupled our WRF configuration with the Vulcan 2.2 (10 km resolution) and Hestia-LA (1.3 km resolution) fossil fuel CO2 emission products to evaluate the impact of the spatial resolution of the CO2 emission products and the meteorological transport model on the representation of spatiotemporal variability in simulated atmospheric CO2 concentrations. We find that high spatial resolution in the fossil fuel CO2 emissions is more important than in the atmospheric model to capture CO2 concentration variability across the LA megacity. Finally, we present a novel approach that employs simultaneous correlations of the simulated atmospheric CO2 fields to qualitatively evaluate the greenhouse gas measurement network over the LA megacity. Spatial correlations in the atmospheric CO2 fields reflect the coverage of individual measurement sites when a statistically significant number of sites observe emissions from a specific source or location. We conclude that elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations over the LA megacity are composed of multiple fine-scale plumes rather than a single homogenous urban dome. Furthermore, we conclude that FFCO2 emissions monitoring in the LA megacity requires FFCO2 emissions modelling with ∼ 1 km resolution because coarser-resolution emissions modelling tends to overestimate the observational constraints on the emissions estimates.

Published
2016

23. Atmospheric Measurement and Inverse Modeling to Improve Greenhouse Gas Emission Estimates:

Author

Fischer, Marc, Jeong, Seongeun, Newman, Sally, and Zhang, Jingsong

Abstract

California has committed to an ambitious plan to reduce statewide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to 1990 levels by 2020 through Assembly Bill 32 (AB-32), which requires accurate accounting of emissions for effective mitigation planning and verification of future emission reductions. Atmospheric GHG measurements from networks of towers can be combined with existing knowledge of emissions in a statistical inverse model -- weighing existing knowledge with the new observations -- to more accurately quantify GHG emissions. This study quantifies major anthropogenic GHGs including fossil fuel CO2 (ffCO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions within California with a Bayesian inverse modeling framework, using atmospheric observations from an expanded GHG measurement network across California over multiple years. We first assess uncertainties in the transport model predictions using a combination of meteorological and carbon monoxide (CO) measurements. Comparison of predicted and measured CO mixing ratios at the four towers during June 2013 – May 2014 yields near-unity slopes (predicted vs. measured) for the majority of sites and seasons, suggesting that the model simulations are sufficient to estimate emissions of CO and likely other GHGs across California to within 10%. The results of this study indicate that ffCO2 emissions from central California are within 6% of the prior estimate (i.e., the estimate based on existing knowledge before measured data are taken into account), and that in the South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB) ffCO2 emissions are within 11% of the prior estimate for that region. Combining results from the two regions (i.e., central California and SoCAB), ffCO2 emissions are consistent to within approximately 10% of the prior estimate.Summing estimated CH4 emissions across all air basins (i.e., subregions) of California, posterior results (i.e., results after the relevant atmospheric observation is taken into account) suggest that state annual anthropogenic CH4 emissions are higher (1.2 - 1.8 times) than the anthropogenic emission in California Air Resources Board’s (CARB) current GHG inventory. The estimated CH4 emissions drop to 1.0 - 1.6 times the CARB inventory if results are corrected for the median CH4 emissions assuming the 10% model bias in CO is applicable to CH4. The CH4 emissions from the Central Valley and major urban regions (SoCAB and San Francisco Bay Area, SFBA) account for 58% and 26 % of the total posterior emissions, respectively. This study combined with other studies suggests the livestock sector is the major contributor to the state total CH4 emissions, in agreement with CARB’s GHG inventory.Using N2O measurements from six sites across California, state annual anthropogenic N2O emissions are estimated to be higher (1.5 – 2.5 times) than the current CARB inventory. The estimated N2O emissions drop to 1.3 - 2.3 times the CARB inventory if corrected for the median N2O emissions assuming the 10% model bias in CO is applicable to N2O. This study’s results reinforce the understanding that a large portion of the increase in global atmospheric N2O can be attributed to the use of fertilizer, and agricultural activities are likely a significant source of anthropogenic N2O emissions in California, as currently reflected in CARB’s N2O inventory. The results also indicate that seasonal variations in California’s N2O emissions relative to the annual average are likely smaller than for interior portions (e.g., Midwestern US) of the continental US, consistent with milder climate of California.In summary, while the ffCO2 emissions, which account for the majority of the total GHG emission in California, are not clearly distinguishable from the state inventory in central and southern California, CH4 and N2O emissions appear to be higher than current inventory estimates.

Published
2015

26. Rationale for Linking the Generations.

Author

Pittsburgh Univ., PA. Center for Social and Urban Research. and Newman, Sally

Abstract

This paper provides an overview of the negative aspects of generational isolation and outlines the developmental needs shared by younger and older people. The paper cites intergenerational models, such as community centers, places of worship, colleges and universities, and nursing homes, in which generations interact in a substantive way. It suggests there is evidence that mobility trends may be changing and projects societal outcomes for 2000 and beyond. (BT)

Published
1997

27. History and Current Status of the Intergenerational Field.

Author

Pittsburgh Univ., PA. Center for Social and Urban Research. and Newman, Sally

Abstract

The intergenerational field began in the early 1970s as a social phenomenon in response to several factors that were affecting America's children, youth, and older adults. This paper briefly surveys three aspects of intergenerational programs: history and development, public policy focus, and recent research initiatives. The multi-disciplinary nature of the intergenerational human service field, the interdisciplinary aspect of the academic fields it embraces, and its theoretical grounding suggest the timeliness for consideration of intergenerational studies as an emerging discipline. (Contains 17 references. (BT)

Published
1995

29. Creating Effective Intergenerational Programs.

Author

Pittsburgh Univ., PA. Center for Social and Urban Research. and Newman, Sally

Abstract

Residential, familial, and recreational patterns of contemporary U.S. society tend to isolate the young from the old. Sensitivity to this isolation has prompted many human service agencies to seek ways to promote opportunities for constructive and ongoing interactions involving children and older persons. This paper provides insights and descriptions of the development of intergenerational programs. It addresses the following questions: What are intergenerational programs? What needs can they meet? What are some of the basic steps in their creation? and What are some of the characteristics of successful programs? (BT)

Published
1993

39. Mapping the Educational Work of Governesses on Australia's Remote Stations

Author

Newman, Sally

Abstract

This article is about the educational work of governesses on Australia's remote cattle and sheep stations. These stations occupy vast tracts of land in the outback, and form part of global food supply chains exporting meat to countries around the world. The article explores the nature of governesses' work, the boundaries they negotiate to perform their work, and the spaces and places in which it takes place. The governess occupies a unique position within the occupational and social hierarchy of the station. She lives and works in the same domestic space as the family/employer, unlike other station employees, and is valued for her success in managing the social and spatial dynamics of power both with the students/children and the employer/family. The article focuses on the negotiation of boundaries between domestic/public spaces, paid/unpaid, affective and educational labour involved in governess roles.

Published
2014
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44. A multi-city urban atmospheric greenhouse gas measurement data synthesis

Author

Mitchell, Logan E., Lin, John C., Hutyra, Lucy R., Bowling, David R., Cohen, Ronald C., Davis, Kenneth J., DiGangi, Elizabeth, Duren, Riley M., Ehleringer, James R., Fain, Clayton, Falk, Matthias, Guha, Abhinav, Karion, Anna, Keeling, Ralph F., Kim, Jooil, Miles, Natasha L., Miller, Charles E., Newman, Sally, Pataki, Diane E., Prinzivalli, Steve, Ren, Xinrong, Rice, Andrew, Richardson, Scott J., Sargent, Maryann, Stephens, Britton B., Turnbull, Jocelyn C., Verhulst, Kristal R., Vogel, Felix, Weiss, Ray F., Whetstone, James, and Wofsy, Steven C.

Subjects
Statistics and Probability, Climate Action, Sustainable Cities and Communities, Library and Information Sciences, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, Computer Science Applications, Education, Information Systems
Abstract

Urban regions emit a large fraction of anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) that contribute to modern-day climate change. As such, a growing number of urban policymakers and stakeholders are adopting emission reduction targets and implementing policies to reach those targets. Over the past two decades research teams have established urban GHG monitoring networks to determine how much, where, and why a particular city emits GHGs, and to track changes in emissions over time. Coordination among these efforts has been limited, restricting the scope of analyses and insights. Here we present a harmonized data set synthesizing urban GHG observations from cities with monitoring networks across North America that will facilitate cross-city analyses and address scientific questions that are difficult to address in isolation.

Published
2022

46. Benefits of Intergenerational Staffing in Preschools.

Author

Larkin, Elizabeth and Newman, Sally

Abstract

Observations and interviews were conducted of 36 older adult volunteers in preschool classrooms. Volunteers brought a familial dimension to the setting and modeled behaviors for children. Their styles were not consistent with professional standards but complemented those of early childhood educators. (Contains 25 references.) (SK)

Published
2001

49. The Experience of Senior Citizen Volunteers in Intergenerational Programs in Schools and the Relationship to Their Life Satisfaction. Final Report.

Author

Pittsburgh Univ., PA. Center for Social and Urban Research. and Newman, Sally

Abstract

A study was undertaken to describe the experience of older volunteers in intergenerational programs in schools and to investigate the relationship between these volunteers' experience and life satisfaction. A cross-sectional design was used to analyze data collected from 350 senior citizen volunteers from three different sites. Data were collected using a personal data form, a questionnaire, a standardized life satisfaction index (LSIZ), and a semi-structured interview. Findings from the LSIZ indicated no significant difference between the life satisfaction scores of new and experienced volunteers. Findings from questionnaires and interviews strongly supported the hypothesis that school volunteering contributes positively to the life satisfaction of the elderly. Given these responses, it is believed that efforts should be made to maintain and develop effective older volunteer programs and that to become effective, programs should involve staff that are sensitive to the needs of older volunteers. (LP)

Published
1983

50. Training Older Adults for New Careers.

Author

Pittsburgh Univ., PA. Center for Social and Urban Research. and Newman, Sally

Abstract

In this paper, the discussion concerns the trainig of older adults for work as child caregivers. Four questions are addressed: (1) Why is child care a work option for the older worker? (2) What is the target population of older persons interested in preparing for this field of work? (3) How can adult learner characteristics be integrated into a training program that prepares older persons for employment in child care? (4) What are the outcomes of a training program that prepares older persons for employment in child care? The training program discussed is a training model designed for low-income older persons that provides 90 hours of course work followed by subsidized 3-month, on-the-job training and subsequent placement as an unsubsidized child care aide. Outcomes of the training program were favorable. During the 10 weeks of training in each of six program cycles, there was 95 percent attendance. Of the 78 persons enrolled, 73 completed the training, received their certification, and attended graduation. Of the 73, a total of 47 continued to work in the child care field. (RH)

Published
1989

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