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6. A Cross-Sectional Survey Study Evaluating United States Medical School Curricula in Otolaryngology.

Author

Ryll, Lucia S., Pellegrini, William R., Richards, Phillip Q., Zhou, Maya T., Newlands, Shawn D., and Levi, Jessica R.

Subjects
CURRICULUM evaluation, TEACHING, CROSS-sectional method, SURVEYS, INTERNSHIP programs, MEDICAL schools, MEDICAL specialties & specialists
Abstract

Objectives: With an ever-expanding medical knowledge base and requirements for clinical training, medical schools struggle to incorporate subspecialty education, such as otolaryngology (OTO), into curricula. This study aims to assess the current state of OTO education, and evaluate factors contributing to the extent of OTO teaching in United States (U.S.) medical schools. Methods: A 48-question survey evaluated the extent and practices of OTO teaching. The survey was distributed by email to all 155 LCME accredited U.S. allopathic medical schools in 2020 and 2021. Results: Sixty-eight unique responses were received (43.9% of U.S. allopathic medical schools). 36.8% (n = 25) of schools reported having formal expectations of OTO knowledge in their core curriculum. Only 1 school (1.5%) had a required OTO rotation; the majority of schools offered an optional third or fourth year clerkship rotation (76.5% and 95.6%, respectively). Schools with residency programs and who employ their faculty through an OTO or surgery department were more likely to have otolaryngologists teach basic science lectures and the Head & Neck exam, offer an optional third year rotation, and have formal expectations of rotating students. Conclusions: Medical schools with residency programs and who employ their faculty through an OTO or surgery department have more robust OTO curricula. Despite the ubiquity of OTO presentations across specialties, incorporation of OTO knowledge in U.S. medical school curricula remains variable, and at times limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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7. sj-docx-1-aor-10.1177_00034894231164220 – Supplemental material for A Cross-Sectional Survey Study Evaluating United States Medical School Curricula in Otolaryngology

Author

Ryll, Lucia S., Pellegrini, William R., Richards, Phillip Q., Zhou, Maya T., Newlands, Shawn D., and Levi, Jessica R.

Subjects
110315 Otorhinolaryngology, FOS: Clinical medicine
Abstract

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-aor-10.1177_00034894231164220 for A Cross-Sectional Survey Study Evaluating United States Medical School Curricula in Otolaryngology by Lucia S. Ryll, William R. Pellegrini, Phillip Q. Richards, Maya T. Zhou, Shawn D. Newlands and Jessica R. Levi in Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology

Published
2023
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15. Pathology Quiz Case

Author

Rosen, Elizabeth J., Newlands, Shawn D., and Rampy, Bill A.

Published
2003

19. Inactivation of Semicircular Canals Causes Adaptive Increases in Otolith-driven Tilt Responses

Author

Angelaki, Dora E, Newlands, Shawn D, and Dickman, J. David

Subjects
Life Sciences (General)
Abstract

Growing experimental and theoretical evidence suggests a functional synergy in the processing of otolith and semicircular canal signals for the generation of the vestibulo-ocular reflexes (VORs). In this study we have further tested this functional interaction by quantifying the adaptive changes in the otolith-ocular system during both rotational and translational movements after surgical inactivation of the semicircular canals. For 0.1- 0.5 Hz (stimuli for which there is no recovery of responses from the plugged canals), pitch and roll VOR gains recovered during earth- horizontal (but not earth-vertical) axis rotations. Corresponding changes were also observed in eye movements elicited by translational motion (0.1 - 5 Hz). Specifically, torsional eye movements increased during lateral motion, whereas vertical eye movements increased during fore-aft motion. The findings indicate that otolith signals can be adapted according to compromised strategy that leads to improved gaze stabilization during motion. Because canal-plugged animals permanently lose the ability to discriminate gravitoinertial accelerations, adapted animals can use the presence of gravity through otolith-driven tilt responses to assist gaze stabilization during earth-horizontal axis rotations.

Published
2002

23. Intrinsic mitotic activity supports the human salivary gland acinar cell population.

Author

Ingalls, Matthew H., Hollomon, Andrew J., Newlands, Shawn D., McDavid, Andrew N., and Ovitt, Catherine E.

Subjects
SALIVARY glands, CELL populations, MITOSIS, CELL cycle, HOMEOSTASIS
Abstract

To develop treatments for salivary gland dysfunction, it is important to understand how human salivary glands are maintained under normal homeostasis. Previous data from our lab demonstrated that murine salivary acinar cells maintain the acinar cell population through self‐duplication under conditions of homeostasis, as well as after injury. Early studies suggested that human acinar cells are mitotically active, but the identity of the resultant daughter cells was not clear. Using markers of cell cycle activity and mitosis, as well as an ex vivo 5‐Ethynyl‐2´‐deoxyuridine assay, we show that human salivary gland acinar cells divide to generate daughter acinar cells. As in mouse, our data indicate that human salivary gland homeostasis is supported by the intrinsic mitotic capacity of acinar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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