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The INCOMPASS field campaign combines airborne and ground measurements of the 2016 Indian monsoon, towards the ultimate goal of better predicting monsoon rainfall. The monsoon supplies the majority of water in South Asia, but forecasting from days to the season ahead is limited by large, rapidly developing errors in model parametrizations. The lack of detailed observations prevents thorough understanding of the monsoon circulation and its interaction with the land surface: a process governed by boundary‐layer and convective‐cloud dynamics. INCOMPASS used the UK Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) BAe‐146 aircraft for the first project of this scale in India, to accrue almost 100 h of observations in June and July 2016. Flights from Lucknow in the northern plains sampled the dramatic contrast in surface and boundary‐layer structures between dry desert air in the west and the humid environment over the northern Bay of Bengal. These flights were repeated in pre‐monsoon and monsoon conditions. Flights from a second base at Bengaluru in southern India measured atmospheric contrasts from the Arabian Sea, over the Western Ghats mountains, to the rain shadow of southeast India and the south Bay of Bengal. Flight planning was aided by forecasts from bespoke 4 km convection‐permitting limited‐area models at the Met Office and India's NCMRWF. On the ground, INCOMPASS installed eddy‐covariance flux towers on a range of surface types, to provide detailed measurements of surface fluxes and their modulation by diurnal and seasonal cycles. These data will be used to better quantify the impacts of the atmosphere on the land surface, and vice versa. INCOMPASS also installed ground instrumentation supersites at Kanpur and Bhubaneswar. Here we motivate and describe the INCOMPASS field campaign. We use examples from two flights to illustrate contrasts in atmospheric structure, in particular the retreating mid‐level dry intrusion during the monsoon onset.

Contains fulltext : 187482.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access), Numerous studies in psychology, cognitive neuroscience and psycholinguistics have used pictures of objects as stimulus materials. Currently, authors engaged in cross-linguistic work or wishing to run parallel studies at multiple sites where different languages are spoken must rely on rather small sets of black-and-white or colored line drawings. These sets are increasingly experienced as being too limited. Therefore, we constructed a new set of 750 colored pictures of concrete concepts. This set, MultiPic, constitutes a new valuable tool for cognitive scientists investigating language, visual perception, memory and/or attention in monolingual or multilingual populations. Importantly, the MultiPic databank has been normed in six different European languages (British English, Spanish, French, Dutch, Italian and German). All stimuli and norms are freely available at http://www.bcbl.eu/databases/multipic

The report provides recommendations on ways to deal with settlement. The soil/structure interaction phenomena involved in the construction of underground structures are discussed and approaches are reviewed to the evaluation, measurement, prevention and treatment of settlement effects. Topics covered include tunnelling-induced ground movements, face stability parameters in clays and sands, the causes of construction- induced settlements, computational and numerical methods for evaluating ground movements, the planning of preventive measures at the design stage, the use of grouting methods, ground freezing and drainage, the structural improvement of buildings and contractual issues., The report provides recommendations on ways to deal with settlement. The soil/structure interaction phenomena involved in the construction of underground structures are discussed and approaches are reviewed to the evaluation, measurement, prevention and treatment of settlement effects. Topics covered include tunnelling-induced ground movements, face stability parameters in clays and sands, the causes of construction- induced settlements, computational and numerical methods for evaluating ground movements, the planning of preventive measures at the design stage, the use of grouting methods, ground freezing and drainage, the structural improvement of buildings and contractual issues.

The model was based on over 60 years of geological data covering an area of 16 by 8 km and from surface down to 1 830 m depth. The model was built from drillhole datasets and old mine plans using standard 3D mining, GIS and database software, with several iterations of plan and sectional interpretation. Near-surface bedrock geological interpretations were further constrained by low-level aeromagnetic data. The geospace approach employs an innovative technique for visualisation of the distribution of lithological packages and alteration via block modelling. The method is a simple form of processing large data sets so that results are clearly visible. The calculation is much more rapid than estimation procedures and does not have any requirement for geostatistical interpretation. The proper portrayal of the internal structure of the mineralised body will provide practical input to exploration and mining, principally in the areas of resource estimation, exploration vectoring and ore/waste characterisation, and may be incorporated with other data to include mine support and mine scheduling., The model was based on over 60 years of geological data covering an area of 16 by 8 km and from surface down to 1 830 m depth. The model was built from drillhole datasets and old mine plans using standard 3D mining, GIS and database software, with several iterations of plan and sectional interpretation. Near-surface bedrock geological interpretations were further constrained by low-level aeromagnetic data. The geospace approach employs an innovative technique for visualisation of the distribution of lithological packages and alteration via block modelling. The method is a simple form of processing large data sets so that results are clearly visible. The calculation is much more rapid than estimation procedures and does not have any requirement for geostatistical interpretation. The proper portrayal of the internal structure of the mineralised body will provide practical input to exploration and mining, principally in the areas of resource estimation, exploration vectoring and ore/waste characterisation, and may be incorporated with other data to include mine support and mine scheduling.

A review, based on experience accumulated from works carried out in London, UK over the last 20 y, of strategies and methods including risk-based methods applicable to the assessment of utility pipelines and sewers subjected to impacts from sub-surface construction is presented. The following topics are discussed: legislation governing impact of construction works; common types of failure and their causes, pipe failure by burst or leakage, and masonry failure; impact strain arising from ground movements caused by construction works (calculation of movements due to tunnelling, shafts, deep basements and boxes, and assessment of impacts of longitudinal, transverse or axial strain and joint rotation); assessment for planning and design (developer and utility perspectives, preliminary considerations, components of pipeline risk assessment, and assessment guidance and criteria); and the three-stage impact-assessment process (assessment scope and information retrieval, more detailed analysis, and evaluation of risk), mitigation of risks, and development of current assessment process to achieve a more risk-based approach., A review, based on experience accumulated from works carried out in London, UK over the last 20 y, of strategies and methods including risk-based methods applicable to the assessment of utility pipelines and sewers subjected to impacts from sub-surface construction is presented. The following topics are discussed: legislation governing impact of construction works; common types of failure and their causes, pipe failure by burst or leakage, and masonry failure; impact strain arising from ground movements caused by construction works (calculation of movements due to tunnelling, shafts, deep basements and boxes, and assessment of impacts of longitudinal, transverse or axial strain and joint rotation); assessment for planning and design (developer and utility perspectives, preliminary considerations, components of pipeline risk assessment, and assessment guidance and criteria); and the three-stage impact-assessment process (assessment scope and information retrieval, more detailed analysis, and evaluation of risk), mitigation of risks, and development of current assessment process to achieve a more risk-based approach.

The results are presented of settlement measurements around shafts which were conducted during shaft sinking works for the London Power Tunnels in the UK. The 13 shafts were of similar caisson segmental construction with sprayed concrete underpinning as required, with four shafts having a nominal outside diameter of 15.7 m, eight with an outside diameter of 11.1 m and one with an outside diameter of 6.5 m. As expected, the larger shafts tended to produce larger settlements with a greater extent. The data were used to develop generic equations for settlement in relation to the distance from the shaft wall. The equations include a variable, n, which is a simple multiple of the shaft depth to a distance from the shaft extrados where settlement becomes zero. The equations may be considered as predictive tools, with the values of n and alpha, an empirical constant dependent on ground conditions, type of wall and construction method, selected to reflect the degree of conservatism required., The results are presented of settlement measurements around shafts which were conducted during shaft sinking works for the London Power Tunnels in the UK. The 13 shafts were of similar caisson segmental construction with sprayed concrete underpinning as required, with four shafts having a nominal outside diameter of 15.7 m, eight with an outside diameter of 11.1 m and one with an outside diameter of 6.5 m. As expected, the larger shafts tended to produce larger settlements with a greater extent. The data were used to develop generic equations for settlement in relation to the distance from the shaft wall. The equations include a variable, n, which is a simple multiple of the shaft depth to a distance from the shaft extrados where settlement becomes zero. The equations may be considered as predictive tools, with the values of n and alpha, an empirical constant dependent on ground conditions, type of wall and construction method, selected to reflect the degree of conservatism required.

Kucing Liar is a large sediment-hosted skarn Cu-Au deposit on the limb of the Yellow Valley syncline at the southern margin of the Grasberg igneous complex. Cretaceous-Tertiary sedimentary host units include peloidal and minor foraminiferal limestones, and their dolomitised equivalents, sandstone and shale units. Hydrothermal alteration produced a magnesian calc-silicate, magnetite and K-feldspar-biotite-silica assemblage. Chalcopyrite occurs in skarn and magnetite, and covellite occurs independently in K-feldspar and vuggy silica rocks. Alteration and Cu-Au mineralisation extends over 2 km of strike. Three-dimensional modelling of the system illustrates spatial/structural control on alteration and subsequent Cu mineralisation., Kucing Liar is a large sediment-hosted skarn Cu-Au deposit on the limb of the Yellow Valley syncline at the southern margin of the Grasberg igneous complex. Cretaceous-Tertiary sedimentary host units include peloidal and minor foraminiferal limestones, and their dolomitised equivalents, sandstone and shale units. Hydrothermal alteration produced a magnesian calc-silicate, magnetite and K-feldspar-biotite-silica assemblage. Chalcopyrite occurs in skarn and magnetite, and covellite occurs independently in K-feldspar and vuggy silica rocks. Alteration and Cu-Au mineralisation extends over 2 km of strike. Three-dimensional modelling of the system illustrates spatial/structural control on alteration and subsequent Cu mineralisation.