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To preserve alveolar bone thickness and width after extraction, clinical strategies have been adopted to reduce or eliminate the need for future surgical interventions to increase the alveolar ridge. The use of xenogeneic biomaterials has been increasing for such application. The association of bone substitutes with active oxygen-based materials, which is essential in the wound-healing process, could accelerate bone repair, optimizing the maintenance of alveolar architecture after extraction. However, the truth of this hypothesis is not clear. The present study aimed to compare the biological response to inorganic bovine bone graft Bonefill (BF), associated or not with active oxygen-based oral gel Bluem (BF+BM), in alveolar bone repair. Twenty female Wistar rats were randomly allocated. The left upper central incisor was extracted, and the dental sockets were filled with BF in the control group (n = 10) and with BF+BM in the experimental group (n = 10). The animals were euthanized at 7 and 42 days after implantation (n = 5), and the samples were processed for descriptive histological and histomorphometric evaluations. The results showed no significant difference between the groups (P > .05). Both groups presented a time-dependent increase in newly formed bone and biosorption biomaterial (P = .0001). The association between active oxygen-based gel and inorganic bovine bone graft did not interfere with or improve bone repair during the experimental periods of alveolar bone repair in rats.

Zinc is an important element for bone structure and metabolism. Its interaction with hydroxyapatite has been investigated for the improvement of bone repair. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo biological response to nanostructured calcium alginate-hydroxyapatite (HA) and zinc-containing HA (ZnHA). Cytocompatibility was evaluated by applying PrestoBlue reagent after exposing murine pre-osteoblast cells to extracts of each biomaterial microspheres. After physical and chemical characterization, the biomaterial microspheres were implanted in a critical size calvaria defect (8 mm) in Wistar rats (n = 30) that were randomly divided into the HA and ZnHA groups. Tissue samples were evaluated through histological and histomorphometric analyses after 1, 3, and 6 months (n = 5). The results showed cellular viability for both groups compared to the negative control, and no differences in metabolic activity were observed. The HA group presented a significant reduction of biomaterial compared with the ZnHA group in all experimental periods; however, a considerable amount of new bone formation was observed surrounding the ZnHA spheres at the 6-month time point compared with the HA group (p < .05). Both biomaterials were biocompatible, and the combination of zinc with hydroxyapatite was shown to improve bone repair.

The relationship between primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) and demyelinating diseases is still not well understood. These diseases seem to coexist amidst autoimmunity, raising questions about clinical characteristics, relationship with immunomodulatory treatment, and possible common immunological background underlying their pathogenesis.calculate the frequency of dry oral and ocular manifestations and autoantibodies characteristic of primary Sjögren's Syndrome in Multiple Sclerosis.202 patients with multiple sclerosis answered a questionnaire to identify complaints of xerostomia and xerophthalmia, according to diagnostic criteria for primary Sjögren's syndrome; 43 answered positively to at least one question; 27 had comorbidities or used drugs that cause dry symptoms and were excluded; 16 patients were selected for examinations for oral, ocular and serum anti-Ro/SS-A autoantibody evaluation.Eleven (68.75%) patients complained of xerostomia; 14 (87.5%) of xerophthalmia. Sialometry 0.1 ml/min was observed in three (18.8%); 13 patients underwent minor salivary gland biopsy and histopathological examination: focal score 1 in three (23.1%). Schirmer test was 5 mm/5 min in four (25%). Lyssamine green/fluorescein dye score was 5 in three (18.8%). Anti-Ro/SS-A 10 UI/mm in two (12.5%). Three (1,49%) patients met current criteria for primary Sjögren's syndrome.Patients with MS may report xerostomia and/or xerophthalmia even in the absence of comorbidities and use of medications capable of causing these symptoms, which may fulfill the diagnostic criteria for pSS. In this study, the frequency of pSS according to current criteria was within the range observed in the literature with older criteria. But the question remains whether the association between these diseases is fortuitous or whether there is a pathogenic link.

OBJECTIVE: To report the clinicopathologic features of acquired oral syphilis cases in South American countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical data were retrospectively collected from the records of 18 oral diagnostic services in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela, Uruguay, and Peru. Serologies of nontreponemal and treponemal tests were used for diagnosis. RESULTS: The series comprised 339 cases of acquired oral syphilis. Secondary syphilis ranked as the most common stage (86.7%). Lesions were more frequent among males (58.0%) and young adults with a mean age of 33.3 years. Individuals aged 20-29 years were most affected (35.3%). The most commonly involved sites were the tongue (31.6%), lip/labial commissure (25.1%), and hard/soft palate (20.4%). Clinically, acquired oral syphilis usually presented as mucous patches (28.4%), papules (25.7%), and ulcers (18.1%). Skin manifestations occurred in 67.7% of individuals, while lymphadenopathy and fever were observed in 61.3% and 11.6% of all subjects, respectively. Most patients were treated with the benzathine penicillin G antibiotic. CONCLUSION: This report validates the spread of acquired oral syphilis infection among young adults in South America. Our directives include accessible diagnostic tools for proper disease screening, surveillance, and counselling of affected individuals, especially in low- and middle-income countries

Many biomaterials are used for Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) delivery in bone tissue engineering. The BMP carrier system&rsquo, s primary function is to hold these growth factors at the wound&rsquo, s site for a prolonged time and provide initial support for cells to attach and elaborate the extracellular matrix for bone regeneration. This study aimed to evaluate the nanostructured carbonated hydroxyapatite microspheres (nCHA) as an rhBMP-2 carrier on rats calvaria. A total of fifteen male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 5): clot (control group), rhBMP-2 associated with collagen membrane (COL/rhBMP-2) or associated with the microspheres (nCHA/rhBMP-2). After 45 days, the calvaria defect samples were evaluated through histological, histomorphometric, and SR-&micro, CT analyses to investigate new-formed bone and connective tissue volume densities. The descriptive histological analysis showed that nCHA/rhBMP-2 improved bone formation compared to other groups. These results were confirmed by histomorphometric and SR-&micro, CT analysis that showed substantially defect area filling with a higher percentage of newly formed (36.24 &plusmn, 6.68) bone than those with the COL/rhBMP-2 (0.42 &plusmn, 0.40) and Clot (3.84 &plusmn, 4.57) (p &lt, 0.05). The results showed that nCHA is an effective carrier for rhBMP-2 encouraging bone healing and an efficient alternative to collagen membrane for rhBMP-2 delivery.

Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a process that involves the regeneration of bone defects through the application of occlusive membranes that mechanically exclude the population of non-osteogenic cells from the surrounding soft tissue. Interestingly, platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) has previously been proposed as an autologous GBR membrane despite its short-term resorption period of 2-3 weeks. Recent clinical observations have demonstrated that, by heating a liquid platelet-poor plasma (PPP) layer and mixing the cell-rich buffy coat zone, the resorption properties of heated albumin gel with liquid-PRF (Alb-PRF) can be significantly improved. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inflammatory reaction, biocompatibility, and extended degradation properties of a new autologous Alb-PRF membrane in comparison to commonly utilized standard PRF after nude mice implantation, according to ISO 10993-6/2016. Two standard preparations of PRF (L-PRF and H-PRF) were compared to novel Alb-PRF following subcutaneous implantation at 7, 14, and 21 days. All groups demonstrated excellent biocompatibility owing to their autologous sources. However, it is worth noting that, while both L-PRF and H-PRF membranes demonstrated significant or complete resorption by 21 days, the Alb-PRF membrane remained volume-stable throughout the duration of the study. This study demonstrates-for the first time, to the best of our knowledge-a marked improvement in the membrane stability of Alb-PRF. This indicates its future potential for use as a biological barrier membrane for GBR procedures with a long-lasting half-life, or as a biological filler material in esthetic medicine applications. Thus, further studies are warranted to explore future clinical applications in various fields of medicine.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:02:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-07-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) The apoptosis-associated Speck-like protein containing a caspase-1 recruitment domain (ASC), present in inflammasomes, regulates inflammation events and is involved in osteogenic phenotype. Nevertheless, its function in bone repair induced by bone substitute biomaterials is unclear. This study aimed to unveil the role of ASC on osteoprogenitor and tissue response to stoichiometric-hydroxyapatite (HA), nanostructured carbonated-hydroxyapatite (CHA), and CHA containing 5% Strontium (SrCHA), characterized previously by XRD, uXRF-SR, and FTIR spectroscopy implants. Thereafter, conditioned media by the biomaterials were used later to treat pre-osteoblasts and an osteogenic stimulus was shown in response to the materials, with higher expression of Runx2, Osterix, ALP, and Collagen 1a1 genes, with significant involvement of inflammatory-related genes. Thus, to better address the involvement of inflammasome, primary cells obtained from both genotypes [Wild-Type (WT) and ASC Knockout (ASC-KO) mice] were subjected to conditioned media up to 7 days, and our data reinforces both HA and CHA induces lower levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) than SrCHA, considering both genotypes (p < 0.01), and ASC seems contribute with osteogenic stimulus promoted by SrCHA. Complimentarily, the biomaterials were implanted into both subcutaneous and bone defects in tibia. Histological analysis on 28 days after implantation of biomaterials into mice's subcutaneous tissue revealed moderate inflammatory response to them. Both histomorphometry and μCT analysis of tibias indicated that the biomaterials did not reverse the delay in bone repair of ASC KO, reinforcing the involvement of ASC on bone regeneration and bone de novo deposition. Also, the bone density in CHA was >2-fold higher in WT than ASC-KO samples. HA was virtually not resorbed throughout the experimental periods, in opposition to CHA in the WT group. CHA reduced to half-area after 28 days, and the bone deposition was higher in CHA for WT mice than HA. Taken together, our results show that biomaterials did not interfere with the healing pattern of the ASC KO, but CHA promoted higher bone deposition in the WT group, probably due to its greater biodegradability. These results reinforce the importance of ASC during bone de novo deposition and healing. Oral Surgery Department Universidade Veiga de Almeida Oral Surgery Department and Clinical Research Laboratory in Dentistry Universidade Federal Fluminense Oral Diagnosis Department Universidade Federal Fluminense Department of Applied Physics Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas CBPF Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences University of L'Aquila UNESP – São Paulo State University Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Clinical Research Laboratory in Dentistry Universidade Federal Fluminense Directory of Life Sciences Applied Metrology Instituto Nacional de Metrologia Qualidade e Tecnologia (INMETRO) Oral Surgery Department Universidade Iguaçu UNESP – São Paulo State University Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry CAPES: 001 FAPERJ: 2014/22689-3

A 50-year-old black man complained of pain, bleeding, and swelling in gingiva about 2 months ago. Anamnesis showed systemic arterial hypertension. Extraoral examination revealed enlarged right submandibular lymph nodes. Intraoral examination revealed red-purple ulcerated swellings in the anterior right vestibular and lingual gingiva, vestibular gingiva of teeth 14, 13, 11, and 21, and bilateral hard palate with ulcer on the right side; the right soft palate and tuberosity were also committed. Diagnostic hypothesis was Kaposi sarcoma associated with HIV infection. Incisional biopsy was performed. Histopathologic analysis showed hypercellular fasciculated fibrous connective tissue in submucosa, exhibiting altered blood vessels appearance and vascular proliferation with chronic inflammatory infiltrate and extravascular erythrocytes. Immunohistochemical study was positive for CD31 and human herpesvirus-8. Serologic test for HIV was positive. Patient is on antiretroviral therapy and chemotherapy for sarcoma.

A 51-year-old white female patient hospitalized in the intensive care unit because of acute ischemic stroke who needed tracheostomy and vasoactive drugs in high dosage evolved with aspiration pneumonia and septic shock. At 30 days of hospitalization, intraoral examination revealed multiple superficial ulcers on the lips, buccal mucosa, tongue, and mouth floor, circumscribed by erythematous halo and covered by pseudomembrane with severe pain symptomatology and evolution of 15 days. Concomitantly, the patient presented bilateral conjunctivitis with erythema in the sclera and periocular region. Several medications were used during hospitalization. Diagnostic hypotheses were erythema multiforme, mucous membrane pemphigoid, and paraneoplastic pemphigus. Incisional biopsy was performed. Histopathologic analysis was suggestive of erythema multiforme. Final diagnosis after clinical correlation was erythema multiforme. Treatment consisted of methylprednisolone and systemic antiviral. After 1 week there was improvement of oral ulcers and conjunctivitis without painful symptoms and transfer to the infirmary.

Objective To perform a descriptive and histopathologic analysis of benign oral neural lesions diagnosed between 2014 and 2017 in the oral pathology laboratory. Study Design The following information was collected from the requisitions: Age, sex, location, clinical aspect, type of biopsy, and histopathologic diagnosis. Results Twelve cases were identified of 1150 lesions analyzed: 9 (75%) of traumatic neuroma, 2 (16.6%) of schwannoma, and 1 (8.3%) of palisaded encapsulated neuroma. The mean age was 45.11 years, with 7 (58.33%) males and 5 (41.67%) females. Clinically, described 7 (58.33%) as firm nodules, 1 (8.33%) softened pedicle base lesion, 1 (8.33%) lesion of sessile soft base, 1 (8.33%) papule, and 2 (16.67%) were not described. The most frequent site was tongue 9 (75%), oral vestibule 1 (8.33%), mouth floor 1 (8.33%), and buccal mucosa 1 (8.33%). The types of biopsies were 5 (41.67%) incisional, 3 (25%) excisional, and 4 (33.33%) were not informed. Conclusions The benign oral neural lesions represent 1.04% of all diagnosed oral lesions and traumatic neuroma is the most common lesion.

A 56-year-old white woman complained of "bleeding gum lesions." Previous medical history revealed systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiac arrhythmia, and surgery for a prosthetic heart valve placement. Oral examination showed 3 pedunculated nodules in the gingiva involving the 3 remaining upper teeth, about 1.5 cm in greatest diameter, with rapid growth and bleeding but otherwise asymptomatic. Diagnostic hypothesis was pyogenic granuloma. Complete blood count showed leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Excisional biopsy of 1 of the nodules was performed with local hemostatics agents, after medical consultation. Histopathologic analysis was suggestive of malignant mesenchymal neoplasm with histogenesis to be elucidated. Immunohistochemical study was positive for CD31 and negative for human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), S-100, p63, and AE1/AE3. The final diagnosis was angiosarcoma. During the investigation process, the patient experienced significant bone pain and worsening of her general condition, resulting in an emergency hospitalization. Ultimately, the patient succumbed to her condition while hospitalized.

A 51-year-old white man sought dental care, with his major complaints of pain, numbness, and burning in the tongue and oropharynx occurring for about 3 months. Clinically, it was an ulcerated lesion, granular in appearance, with multiple hemorrhagic spots. The clinical diagnostic hypotheses were paracoccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis. Incisional biopsies were performed on the buccal mucosa and hard palate, and the specimen was sent for histopathologic examination. The histopathologic diagnosis was paracoccidioidomycosis. The patient was referred to the infectious disease specialist, pulmonologist, and dermatologist. Chest x-rays and laboratory tests were requested. He is currently under treatment with sulfamethoxazole, trimetroprim, and itraconazole. Paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic and endemic disease. Despite the primary pulmonary disease, the oral mucosa is frequently affected. In this way, the dentist has a fundamental role in the identification and diagnosis of these lesions.

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign neoplasm of salivary glands, representing about 33% to 43% of tumors of the minor salivary gland. The palate is the most frequent intraoral site followed by the upper lip and the buccal mucosa. This report describes the development of pleomorphic adenoma in the infratemporal space in a 72-year-old woman. The lesion presented as a submucosal nodule, palpable deep in the left buccal mucosa. The computed tomography revealed a lobed hypodense formation partially obliterating the fat planes between the masseter and buccinator muscles. Surgical excision of the lesion was performed with histopathologic report of pleomorphic adenoma, and the patient is being followed up for 5 months with no signs of recurrence. It is important to note the unusual location and the importance of investigation and diagnostic elucidation for the correct therapeutic approach.

Mônica Diuana Calasans-Maia,1 Carlos Alberto Brazil Barboza Junior,2 Carlos Alberto Soriano-Souza,3 Adriana Terezinha Neves Novellino Alves,4 Marcelo Jose de Pinheiro Uzeda,1 Victor R Martinez-Zelaya,3 Elena Mavropoulos,3 Maria Helena Rocha Leão,5 Ronaldo Barcellos de Santana,2 Jose Mauro Granjeiro,1 Alexandre Malta Rossi31Clinical Research in Dentistry Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; 2Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; 3Department of Condensed Matter, Applied Physics and Nanoscience, Brazilian Center for Research in Physics, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; 4Department of Stomatology. School of Dentistry, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; 5Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilBackground and objective: Tetracycline and its derivatives, combined with calcium phosphates, have been proposed as a delivery system to control inflammatory processes and chronic infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microspheres of alginate encapsulated minocycline-loaded nanocrystalline carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHAMINO) as a biomimetic device to carry out target-controlled drug delivery for alveolar bone repair.Methods: CHAMINO microspheres were implanted in a rat central incisor socket after 7 and 42 days. New bone was formed in both groups between 7 and 42 days of implantation. However, the bone growth was significantly higher for the CHAMINO microspheres.Results: The minocycline (MINO) loading capacity of the nanocrystaline carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) nanoparticles was 25.1±2.2 μg MINO/mg CHA for adsorption over 24 hrs. The alginate microspheres containing minocycline-loaded CHA were biologically active and inhibited the Enterococcus faecalis culture growth for up to seven days of the MINO release. An osteoblastic cell viability assay based on the resazurin reduction was conducted after the cells were exposed to the CHAMINO powder and CHAMINO microspheres. Thus, it was found that the alginate extracts encapsulated the minocycline-loaded CHA microspheres and did not affect the osteoblastic cell viability, while the minocycline-doped CHA powder reduced the cell viability by 90%.Conclusion: This study concluded that the alginate microspheres encapsulating the minocycline-loaded nanocrystalline carbonated hydroxyapatite exhibited combined antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis with cytocompatibility and osteoconduction properties. The significant improvement in the new bone formation after 42 days of implantation suggests that the CHAMINO microsphere has potential in clinical applications of bone regeneration.Keywords: nanomaterials, carbonated hydroxyapatite, minocycline, biocompatibility, bone regeneration

Drug delivery technology is a promising way to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of drugs. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the physical and chemical properties of hydroxyapatite ceramic microspheres loaded with doxycycline (HADOX), their effects on in vitro osteoblast viability, and their antimicrobial activity, and to determine the effects of DOX on the healing of rat sockets after tooth extraction. The internal microsphere porosity was sensitive to the treatment used to adsorb DOX onto microsphere surface; HA microspheres without DOX presented 26% of pores, whereas HADOX0.15 microspheres presented 52.0%. An initial drug release of 49.15 μg/ml was observed in the first 24 hr. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) tested against Enterococcus faecalis demonstrated that bacterial growth was inhibited for up to 7 days. Results of cell viability and cell proliferation did not indicate statistical differences in the metabolic activity of HADOX samples relative to HA without DOX microspheres (p > .05). After 1 week, a discreet inflammation reaction was observed in the control group, and after 6 weeks, newly-formed bone was observed in the HADOX0.15 (p < .05). The HADOX did not interfere in the bone repair and controlled the early inflammatory response. HADOX could be a promising biomaterial to promote bone repair in infected sites.

This study aimed to evaluate the physico-chemical properties, biocompatibility and bioabsorption of 3 different new membranes for bone guided regeneration (PLGA associated with hydroxyapatite and beta-TCP) with three thicknesses (200, 500 and 700 µm) implanted in mice subcutaneously. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and the quantification of Carbon, Hidrogen and Nitrogen were used to characterize the physico-chemical properties. One hundred Balb-C mice were divided into 5 experimental groups: Group 1 - Sham (without implantation); Group 2 - 200 μm; Group 3 - 500 μm; Group 4 - 700 μm; and Group 5 - Pratix®. Each group was subdivided into four experimental periods (7, 30, 60 and 90 days). Samples were collected and processed for histological and histomorphometrical evaluation. The membranes showed no moderate or severe tissue reactions in the experimental periods studied. The 500 μm membrane did not show tissue reaction for any experimental periods studied. The 200 μm membrane membranes began to exhibit fragmentation after 30- day, while the 500 and 700 µm membranes started the fragmentation at 90-day. All membranes studied were biocompatible, and the 500µm membrane showed the best results being a promissory membrane for bone guided regeneration.

Victor R Martinez-Zelaya,1 Laila Zarranz,2 Edher Z Herrera,1 Adriana T Alves,2 Marcelo José Uzeda,2 Elena Mavropoulos,1 André L Rossi,1 Alexandre Mello,1 José M Granjeiro,2,3 Monica D Calasans-Maia,2 Alexandre M Rossi11Department of Condensed Matter, Applied Physics and Nanoscience, Brazilian Center for Research in Physics, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; 2Dental Clinical Research Center, Oral Diagnosis Department and Oral Surgery Department, Dentistry School, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil; 3National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology, Duque de Caxias, RJ, BrazilBackground: Zinc-doped hydroxyapatite has been proposed as a graft biomaterial for bone regeneration. However, the effect of zinc on osteoconductivity is still controversial, since the release and resorption of calcium, phosphorus, and zinc in graft-implanted defects have rarely been studied.Methods: Microspheres containing alginate and either non-doped carbonated hydroxyapatite (cHA) or nanocrystalline 3.2wt% zinc-doped cHA (Zn-cHA) were implanted in critical-sized calvarial defects in Wistar rats for 1, 3, and 6months. Histological and histomorphometric analyses were performed to evaluate the volume density of newly formed bone, residual biomaterial, and connective tissue formation. Biomaterial degradation was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and synchrotron radiation-based X-ray microfluorescence (SR-μXRF), which enabled the elemental mapping of calcium, phosphorus, and zinc on the microsphere-implanted defects at 6months post-implantation.Results: The bone repair was limited to regions close to the preexistent bone, whereas connective tissue occupied the major part of the defect. Moreover, no significant difference in the amount of new bone formed was found between the two microsphere groups. TEM analysis revealed the degradation of the outer microsphere surface with detachment of the nanoparticle aggregates. According to SR-μXRF, both types of microspheres released high amounts of calcium, phosphorus, and zinc, distributed throughout the defective region. The cHA microsphere surface strongly adsorbed the zinc from organic constituents of the biological fluid, and phosphorus was resorbed more quickly than calcium. In the Zn-cHA group, zinc and calcium had similar release profiles, indicating a stoichiometric dissolution of these elements and non-preferential zinc resorption.Conclusions: The nanometric size of cHA and Zn-cHA was a decisive factor in accelerating the in vivo availability of calcium and zinc. The high calcium and zinc accumulation in the defect, which was not cleared by the biological medium, played a critical role in inhibiting osteoconduction and thus impairing bone repair.Keywords: zinc-doped carbonated hydroxyapatite, nanocomposite, synchrotron radiation-based X-ray microfluorescence, zinc/calcium bioavailability, bone regeneration

Synthetic biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) granules and powder are biocompatible biomaterials with a well-known capacity for osteoconduction, presenting very satisfactory clinical and histological results. It remains unanswered if the putty configuration impacts the biological response to the material. In this study, we aimed to compare the cytocompatibility and biocompatibility of nanostructured BCP in the putty configuration (moldable nanostructured calcium phosphate, MnCaP) on the healing of critical-sized bone defects (8 mm) in rat calvaria. Cytocompatibility was determined through the viability of fibroblast cells (V-79) to the extracts of different concentrations of MnCaP. Forty-five Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 15)&mdash, clot, MnCaP, and commercial biphasic calcium phosphate in granules configurations (Nanosynt&reg, )&mdash, and subdivided into three experimental periods (1, 3, and 6 months). Histological, histomorphometric, and microtomographic analyses allowed the evaluation of newly formed bone, residual biomaterial, and connective tissue. The in vitro evaluation showed that MnCaP was cytocompatible. The histomorphometric results showed that the Nanosynt&reg, group granted the highest new-formed bone values at six months (p &lt, 0.05), although the biomaterial volume did not differ between groups. The putty configuration was easier to handle, and both configurations were biocompatible and osteoconductive, presented similar biosorption rates, and preserved the calvaria architecture.

Mechanical barriers prevent the invasion of the surrounding soft tissues within the bone defects. This concept is known as Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR). The knowledge about the local tissue reaction and the time of degradation of absorbable membranes favors the correct clinical indication. This study aimed to evaluate the biocompatibility and biodegradation of a bovine collagen membrane (Lyostypt&reg, S&atilde, o Gon&ccedil, alo, Brazil) and compare it to a porcine collagen membrane (Bio-Gide&reg, ) implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of mice, following ISO 10993-6:2016. Thirty Balb-C mice were randomly divided into three experimental groups, LT (Lyostypt&reg, ), BG (Bio-Gide&reg, ), and Sham (without implantation), and subdivided according to the experimental periods (7, 21, and 63 days). The BG was considered non-irritant at seven days and slight and moderate irritant at 21 and 63 days, respectively. The LT presented a small irritant reaction at seven days, a mild reaction after 21, and a reduction in the inflammatory response at 63 days. The biodegradation of the LT occurred more rapidly compared to the BG after 63 days. This study concluded that both membranes were considered biocompatible since their tissue reactions were compatible with the physiological inflammatory process, however, the Bio-Gide&reg, was less degraded during the experimental periods, favoring the guided bone regeneration process.

Objective The aim of this preclinical study was to compare histologically and histomorphometrically both sandblasted/acid-etched implant surfaces with or without maintained in an isotonic solution of 0.9% sodium chloride in early stages of osseointegration. Material and methods Both implant surfaces were composed of a titanium/aluminum/vanadium alloy (Ti6Al4V-ELI), but they had different surface chemistries: sandblasted/acid-etched titanium surface (FN) or sandblasted/acid-etched surface maintained in an isotonic solution of 0.9% sodium chloride (FA). The surface morphology, topography and chemistry were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal microscopy (CM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. Dynamic contact angle (DCA) was employed for wettability evaluation. One implant from each group was placed in the left tibia of twenty healthy, skeletally mature Santa Ines sheep (n = 5). Bone area (BA) and bone-to-implant contact (BIC) were performed on thin sections (30 μm) at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after implant installation. Results Despite the roughness and morphology similarities between the groups, at the XPS evaluation, the FA group presented 2.3 times less carbon on the surface (FN: 27.3% and FA: 11.6%), sharply enhanced hydrophilicity and significantly enhanced BA and BIC at 14, 21 and 28 days of healing (P

The hydroxyapatite (HA) is a biocompatible and bioactive biomaterial used as bone substitute, however, the high crystallinity of HA and consequently its low solubility may be a limitation for its clinical use. In order to improve the biosorption of HA, the partial substitutions in the chemical structure and doping with small amounts of impurities have been study. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of 3% Zinc-containing nanostructured carbonated hydroxyapatite (ZncHA) compared with the carbonated hydroxyapatite (cHA), both synthesized at 37°C and non-sintered, using as control the stoichiometric HA microspheres in subcutaneous of mice. The X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Vibrational Spectroscopy in Infra Red Fourier Transform (FTIR) were used to characterize the biomaterials. In vivo test was performed in BALB/c mice by implanting of HA, cHA and ZncHA spheres in the subcutaneous tissue for 1, and 9 weeks (n=5). The negative control consisted in incision without material implantation (Sham group). The samples were histological processed to descriptive analysis of biological effect. The microscopic analysis showed a similar granulation reaction between groups at the first experimental period. In 9 weeks there was a time dependent biosorption of cHA compared with other groups. In conclusion, the biomaterials tested were biocompatible and cHA group showed a significant biosorption in comparison with HA and ZncHA groups. The doping of zinc did not influence the biocompatibility of biomaterial, however, change the biosorption response

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro and in vivo biological responses to nanostructured carbonated hydroxyapatite/calcium alginate (CHA) microspheres used for alveolar bone repair, compared to sintered hydroxyapatite (HA). Material and Methods The maxillary central incisors of 45 Wistar rats were extracted, and the dental sockets were filled with HA, CHA, and blood clot (control group) (n=5/period/group). After 7, 21 and 42 days, the samples of bone with the biomaterials were obtained for histological and histomorphometric analysis, and the plasma levels of RANKL and OPG were determined via immunoassay. Statistical analysis was performed by Two-Way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey test at 95% level of significance. Results The CHA and HA microspheres were cytocompatible with both human and murine cells on an in vitro assay. Histological analysis showed the time-dependent increase of newly formed bone in control group characterized by an intense osteoblast activity. In HA and CHA groups, the presence of a slight granulation reaction around the spheres was observed after seven days, which was reduced by the 42nd day. A considerable amount of newly formed bone was observed surrounding the CHA spheres and the biomaterials particles at 42-day time point compared with HA. Histomorphometric analysis showed a significant increase of newly formed bone in CHA group compared with HA after 21 and 42 days from surgery, moreover, CHA showed almost 2-fold greater biosorption than HA at 42 days (two-way ANOVA, p

Cowden syndrome (CS) is a rare condition, inherited with autosomal dominant trait, resulting from mutation in the Phosphatase and Tensin homolog gene on chromosome 10 and characterized mainly by multiple hamartomas and increased risk of malignant development. The report describes a case in a 43-year-old white male patient, complaining of a nodule on the tongue. In the anamnesis, a previous history of malignant neoplasms in the thyroid and testicles treated 20 years ago was been reported. Physical examination showed multiple small papules on the facial skin around eyes and mouth, multiple asymptomatic hamartomas in the labial mucosa, buccal mucosa, dorsal tongue and gingivae, and small superficial keratotic plaques in the dorsal surface of the hands. Three biopsies were performed in different oral sites with histopathological diagnosis of fibrous hyperplasia. Diagnosis of CS was confirmed by medical history, clinical, and histopathological characteristics. The patient is followed up in medical and dental care.

Among the lesions that occur in the head and neck region, nonodontogenic cysts are frequent; among is them the cervical lymphoepithelial cyst, which is predominant in young adults between 20 and 40 years old and has uncertain origin. The case described is of a black female patient, 54 years old, with a main complaint of "lump near the neck." Clinical examination found a well-delimited, painless, moving, soft palpable nodule, approximately 5 cm in diameter, located to the right, posterior to the angle of the mandible, below the earlobe. The diagnostic hypothesis was of pleomorphic adenoma. A tomographic examination was requested, which revealed a cystic lesion. The lesion was excised, and the removed tissue was sent for histopathologic examination. The diagnosis was cervical lymphoepithelial cyst. The patient has been followed for 3 months without any signs of relapse.

Objective: Benign neural lesions are rare diseases especially in the oral cavity. These lesions are associated with the peripheral nerves which are mainly composed of Schwann cells. The mast cells are important in benign neural tumors, and according to the lesion, they can be scarce or abundant. One way to identify mast cells is by using histochemical techniques such as toluidine blue dye. The aim of this study was to identify the presence of mast in benign neural lesions diagnosed by the pathology laboratory. Methodology: This is a descriptive and observational pilot study. Four cases of benign neural cases were microscopically evaluated with hematoxylin-eosin and blue toluidine; these include palisaded encapsulated neuroma, schwannoma, traumatic neuroma, and neurofibroma. Results: Intralesional and perilesional mast cells were found in palisaded encapsulated neuroma. The mast cells were more intralesional and associated with an inflammatory infiltrate focus in schwannomas and neurofibromas. In traumatic neuroma, the mast cells were in the connective tissue near the blood vessels. Conclusion: It is important to do a quantitative analysis of mast cells as part of the histopathological diagnosis in an effort to better understand these oral lesions.

This case report is about a 30-year-old brown male patient who, after radiographic examination for orthodontic documentation, showed a unilocular radiolucent lesion in a region of the left mandibular body that had a 20-mm diameter. Clinically, there were no local alterations, with satisfactory oral hygiene, stable occlusion, and vitality in the teeth (33-37) adjacent to the lesion. In the anamnesis, the patient denied local pain symptoms, systemic diseases, alcoholism, or smoking. The diagnostic hypothesis was odontogenic cyst. The treatment chosen was peripheral osteotomy with enucleation and curettage, with significant drainage of citrus yellow secretion in the intraoperative period. The specimen was referred for histopathologic examination, and the diagnosis was of odontogenic keratocyst (OK). The patient had satisfactory recovery without sequelae or infection and in follow-up. This case highlights the importance of radiographic evaluation for the early diagnosis of OK, considering its potentially aggressive and infiltrative behavior.

Background and Objectives: There is still considerable controversy regarding the possibility of submitting replanted teeth to orthodontic movement (OM). The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the tissue response after orthodontic movement on replanted teeth. Materials and Methods: Sixty Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 15): G1, replantation without OM after 30 days, G2, replantation with OM after 30 days, G3, replantation without OM after 60 days, and G4, replantation with OM after 60 days. The maxillary left central incisors were extracted and the teeth were stored in milk media. After 30 min, the teeth were replanted and fixed with non-rigid immobilization. All specimens were observed after 30 and 60 days of replantation and then subdivided into two subgroups (with OM or without OM). The animals were euthanized after seven days of the OM started, and the maxillary bone blocks were processed for histological evaluation. Results: The histological results showed periodontal ligament repair in both periods studied without OM, however, ankylosis and root resorption was seen in all orthodontically moved teeth. Conclusions: The orthodontic movement did not favor tissue response in all replanted teeth, regardless of the experimental periods.

Among the biomaterials based on calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite has been widely used due to its biocompatibility and osteoconduction. The substitution of the phosphate group by the carbonate group associated with the absence of heat treatment and low synthesis temperature leads to the formation of carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA). The association of CHA with other metals (strontium, zinc, magnesium, iron, and manganese) produces amorphous calcium phosphate-containing metals (ACPMetals), which can optimize their properties and mimic biological apatite. This study aimed to evaluate the biocompatibility and biodegradation of ACPMetals in mice subcutaneous tissue. The materials were physicochemically characterized with Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). Balb-C mice (n = 45) were randomly divided into three groups: carbonated hydroxyapatite, CHA (n = 15), ACPMetals (n = 15), and without implantation of material (SHAM, n = 15). The groups were subdivided into three experimental periods (1, 3, and 9 weeks). The samples were processed histologically for descriptive and semiquantitative evaluation of the biological effect of biomaterials according to ISO 10993-6:2016. The ACPMetals group was partially biodegradable, however, it presented a severe irritating reaction after 1 and 3 weeks and moderately irritating after nine weeks. Future studies with other concentrations and other metals should be carried out to mimic biological apatite.

A 72-year-old male patient was referred to the clinic with the major complaint of "gum and tongue mouth ulcers" with more than 6 months of evolution. Anamnesis revealed smoking and chronic alcoholism for 60 years. At the extraoral examination, submandibular lymph nodes were bilaterally enlarged, hardened, and fixed to palpation. Intraoral examination revealed total edentulism and extensive ulcer on the anterior mouth floor, involving the ventral surface of the tongue and anterior inferior alveolar ridge with volumetric enlargement, tongue without mobility, hardened to palpation, pain, and limitation of oral opening. Panoramic radiograph showed a radiolucent image in the anterior region of the mandible with irregular bone destruction similar to "moth-eaten" and approximately 4 cm in the largest diameter. Diagnostic hypothesis was squamous cell carcinoma. Incisional biopsy was performed. The histopathologic report confirmed the diagnosis of basaloid pattern squamous cells carcinoma. The patient was referred for cancer treatment.