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The work evaluated the effect of white lupin on the physiological, biochemical, and histological parameters of rainbow trout. The data of water chemical analysis, biochemical and histological analysis of rainbow trout muscles are presented. The results of the experiment indicate more pronounced positive results in the experimental groups, the average live weight of trout at the end of the studies in the 2nd experimental group was 3.7% higher relative to the control group. The average live weight of the 3rd group was 18.5% higher and that of the 4th group was 7.4%. At the end of the studies, an increase in muscle mass was observed in group 2 by 1.5% more than in the control group, group 3 – 18.8% and in the 4 experimental group – 12.8%, respectively. According to the results of biochemical analysis of muscle tissue, an increase in protein content in the experimental groups was established, in 2 experimental group by 0.2%, in 3 experimental group – 3.59%, and in 4 experimental group – 3.11%. The fat content in the muscle tissue of rainbow trout of the experimental groups decreased by 0.46% in 2 experimental group, 1.0% in 3 experimental group, and 0.96% in 4 experimental group. Therefore, the use of white lupin in the diet as a high-protein component affects the reduction of body fat in rainbow trout and contributes to an increase in protein content. Histological analysis of the white muscles of the control and experimental groups of trout showed moderate separation of muscle fibers and integrity of myofibrils. The striation of the transverse muscle was well pronounced. The experiment established a positive effect on its productivity, the biochemical composition of muscle tissue, and the quality of the products obtained.

Comparative studies of the effect of replacing animal protein in the structure of the diet with vegetable protein on biometric parameters and histopathological parameters of the liver of rainbow trout have been carried out on biological models of rainbow trout. Changes in trout carcass structure were revealed, indicating a change in live weight in the 1st control and 2nd experimental groups with a result of 3.7%, changes occurred in the 3rd group - 7.4%. Moreover, the changes in muscle mass in group 2 were expressed better than in the control group by 1.5%, similarly in group 3 – 12.8%. The weight gain of edible parts in group 2 was expressed better by 4.1% than in the control group, and in the experimental group 3 – 7.3%. The mass of in-edible parts in the study groups was also higher than in the control group. The yield of edible parts was higher in the 2 experimental group by 0.21%, in the experimental group 3 – 0.2%. When examining the liver tissue of the experimental group 3, some degenerative changes were revealed. Vacuolization of liver cells in the experimental group 3, which were fed a diet with vegetable protein high content in its structure, was significantly lower, and accordingly, in this group there were the smallest hepatocytes. Defects in cellular contacts in the liver, destruction, and proliferation of lymphohistiocyte cells into sinusoids were observed. Thus, a decrease of animal feed in the structure of predatory fish diets to the level of 25% leads to liver degeneration. This reactive adaptation of the liver to a new vegetable protein ingredient is of a short-term nature.

The effect of white lupine with an alkaloid content of 0.02% on hematological and morphophysiological parameters of rainbow trout was evaluated. 4 groups were formed for the experiment. The control group received full-fledged extruded compound feed. 2 experimental group received the same full-fledged compound feed, but its structure contained native white lupine in an amount of 10%. In the recipe of the full-fledged compound feed of the 3rd group, peeled white lupine of the Degas variety was used in quantitative composition of 22%, and in the 4th group - white lupine without a shell 25%. The data obtained as a result of the experiment indicate that lupine in the structures of compound feeds with an alkaloid content of 0.02% does not have a negative effect on hematological parameters, as the changes are characteristic of the control and experimental groups. A significant decrease in intestinal mass was found in the 3rd experimental group by 24.1%, which indicates the balance of the complete recipe in terms of amino acid composition and feed protein usefulness. In the future, this contributed to a better digestibility of protein in the anterior intestine. An increase in intestinal mass in the 2 experimental group by 26.3% was associated with the use of lupine with a shell, which led to the adaptation of trout in the form of morphological changes in the intestine under the influence of fiber.

The Ural type of the domestic black-and-white breed is characterized by high productivity and good suitability for use in the conditions of industrial milk technology. During its breeding, the use of purebred bulls-producers of the Holstein breed of both domestic and foreign breeding continues. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that the productivity of cows changes significantly with age. Milk yield for 305 days of lactation increases from 1 lactation to 3 lactation, and then decreases by 369 kg or 3.8% in the fourth, relative to the third, and by 2090 kg or 22.2% in the fifth, relative to the fourth. The productivity of full-aged cows is higher than that of young cows and can remain at a high level for a long period. The quality indicators of milk changed upward from the first to the fifth lactation. High correlation coefficients were established by the conjugation of milk quality indicators with each other, regardless of lactation. They ranged from 0.364 (2 lactation) to 0.533 (1 lactation). That is, a decrease or increase in MJ in milk will lead to the same change in MDB.

Holstein black pied cattle with a high genetic potential of productivity are bred in the Sverdlovsk region. The study of the interrelation between the productive traits of modern domestic dairy black pied cattle of the Middle Urals zone with high thorough-bredness for the Holstein breed is relevant. The purpose of the work was to study the conjugation dynamics of productive traits by lactation depending on the line. According to the average milk yield indicators. There were no differences in MFF and MFP in milk from cows of different lines, yet the fluctuations in milk yield within the lines were significant. The highest indicators of the correlation coefficient are established between the qualitative indicators of milk, which means that an increase in one of the indicators invariably leads to an increase another. A positive low conjugacy was established between milk yield and MFP in milk, as well as milk yield and cows’ live weight for the first and second lactation in cows of both lines. In cows of the Vis Back Ideal 1013415 line, the conjugacy of productive traits for the third lactation turned into negative, except for milk yield and live weight. Thus, the linear affiliation of cows and their age (lactation) influence the interrelation of productive traits, which can be considered when further planning breeding work with the herd.

In the Sverdlovsk region Holsteinized Black Pied cattle of the Ural type are bred which are represented by large, highly productive animals with a high genetic potential for productivity. Great importance is attached to the rearing replacement calves. The aim of the study was to study the dynamics of the live weight of replacement heifers from different seed bulls during rearing and its dependency on the age of the first insemination. The highest average daily weight gains were in the dairy period of heifers development, they ranged from 989 g for the daughters of the bull Thunderline to 1054 g for their peers from the bull Maximum. There were also high average daily gains during this period when rearing heifers from the bull Renigend. In the second period of rearing from 6 to 10 months of age there was a decrease in the average daily weight gain in all groups. Heifers from different seed bulls reach the required live weight for the first insemination at different ages. Maximum’s daughters, which had the weight of 399.4 kg at the age of 12.9 months. reached the required live weight most quickly. Their peers from other seed bulls reached the aforementioned live weight only at the age of 13.7 months.

Holsteinized Russian Black Pied cattle of the Ural type are bred in the Sverdlovsk region, which is represented by large, highly productive animals with a high genetic potential for productivity. The aim of the study was study holsteinization results of Russian Black Pied cattle in one of the pedigree reproducers of the Sverdlovsk region. Over the past 20 years, there have been significant changes in the rearing heifers’ raising intensity; their live weight at the first insemination increased and their age decreased. In terms of live weight at the first insemination, there was an increase from 2006 to 2013 to over 400 kg; then, when switching to early insemination terms, there was a decrease in live weight to 390 kg. The age of first insemination has decreased since 2000 from 20.2 months to 14.4 months in 2018. An inversely proportional dependence of the milk yield of first heifers on the age of the rearing heifers’ first insemination has been established. An increase in milk yield occurs with a decrease in the age of the first insemination and vice versa, an increase in the age of heifers’ first insemination is observed with a decrease in milk yield. Moreover, this also happened when raising both hybrid heifers and heifers of the new Ural type of Holsteinized Russian Black Pied cattle.

Holsteinized Russian Black Pied cattle of the Ural type are bred in the Sverdlovsk region, which is represented by large, highly productive animals with a high genetic potential for productivity. The purpose of the work was to study the effect of first heifers’ live weight on their productivity and the interrelation between milk yield and milk quality indicators. It was found that there was a positive tendency for an increase in milk yield with an increase in the cows’ live weight from less than 550 kg to 624 kg. The most significant increase in milk yield in cows was in the range from 574 to 599 kg. The difference in milk yield between these groups was 692 kg or 8.1% in favor of animals with live weight of 575-599 kg. An increase in cows’ live weight over 625 kg leads to a decrease in milk yield, which amounted to 2.3%. Changes in correlation are observed from a negative average value in cows with a live weight of less than 550 kg to a positive average value in cows with a live weight of more than 625 kg. In first heifers with live weight from 575 to 599 kg, a very low positive interrelation between live weight and milk yield per lactation was recorded (0.04).

The article is devoted to the current problem of providing rations with a source of protein with a high biological value. Such a source is suggested to be white lupine and products of its processing. Since, white lupine exceeds the protein content of peas, vetch and other legumes by more than 10%. And the significant content of fat in its composition allows, when using it, to reduce or completely abandon the use of sunflower oil in the diet. The use of white lupine allowed the experimental primates to use the food efficiently. The lowest costs were observed in the 3-test group. Energy costs were lower by 48.80%, crude protein by 47.22% and digestible protein by 51.3%. In the 2-experimental group, the costs of metabolic energy, crude protein and digestible protein were lower by 25.00%, 26.38% and 39.20, respectively. Thus, the inclusion of white lupine in the structure of the diet helps to improve the nutritional value of rations, to reduce the cost of nutrients and feed, improving the economic indicators of the maintenance of primates.

In our experiment, we studied the possibility of including dry chlorella in primate feeding structures of the diet. In order to replace high-nutritional protein feed of plant and animal origin. Along with dry chlorella, the effect of chlorella suspension, as a dietary supplement, on the primate organism has been studied. For experiments with dry chlorella, the primate feeding ration was changed. In the structure of the diet of dry chlorella feeding was subjected to substitution: dry milk by 90%, egg powder by 9%. Whereas chlorella emulsion with a cell density in the culture fluid of 55-60 million / cm3 rhesus monkeys was obtained with drinking water. At the rate of 2.8 ml / kg body weight per day and complete feed (CF), as in the control group. The data obtained macaca mulatta of the experiment indicate that the inclusion of chlorella in the structure of rations of primates, both dry and with culture liquid, contributes to a better digestibility of feed nutrients. Significantly increases the level of metabolism in the body of primates of the experimental groups. And the results of hematological studies indicate an increase in the natural resistance of the organism.