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'...a most respectable colored citizen, a man of more than an ordinary intelligence, a property holder, one highly respected by white and colored acquaintances and who, besides has served in [...]

On the afternoon of November 11, 1900, members of the Buffalo, New York Phyllis Wheatley Club and their supporters gathered in the Michigan Street Baptist Church. The next day, Buffalo [...]

A biography of activist journalist Andrew Jackson (A.J.) Smitherman is presented, with focus given to his work arguing for the equality and improved social conditions of African Americans. He was born in 1883 in Childersburg, Alabama, and worked for the Oklahoma African American newspaper "Muskogee Cimeter" following college. He would later establish his own paper, "The Tulsa Star," and moved to Buffalo, New York, where he founded the newspaper "The Buffalo Star." The Tulsa Race Riots of 1921 are discussed.

A biography of journalist Andrew Jackson (A.J.) Smitherman is provided. He was born on December 72, 1883 in Childersburg, Alabama and attended University of Kansas. He worked for the African American newspaper the "Muskogee Cimeter" with the dual role as a law clerk and manager. Particular focus is given to Smitherman's articles as a journalist portraying the injustices faced by African Americans and his role in the 1921Tusla Race Riot, in Oklahoma.