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BackgroundTremor in Parkinson's disease (PD) is commonly seen in the upper extremities and can involve the lower extremities and mouth. We present a case of a patient with idiopathic PD who presented with abdominal tremor.Case reportA 40-year-old man with a 2-year history of subjective weakness and stiffness in the right arm and leg, followed by emergence of a right hand tremor, subsequently developed abdominal tremor. Patient experienced marked improvement of both abdominal and hand tremor and mobility of the right limbs with levodopa.DiscussionOur case report serves as the second only published report of abdominal tremor in an idiopathic PD patient.HighlightsTremor in Parkinson's disease (PD) commonly affects the upper and lower extremities and mouth. We describe a 40-year-old man with PD who developed abdominal tremor which was brought under control with levodopa. This case is one of only two published reports of abdominal tremor in PD.

IntroductionThe association between neuropathological changes and dementia among centenarians and nonagenarians remains unclear.MethodsWe examined brain tissue from 100 centenarians and 297 nonagenarians from The 90+ Study, a community-based longitudinal study of aging. We determined the prevalence of 10 neuropathological changes and compared their associations with dementia and cognitive performance between centenarians and nonagenarians.ResultsA total of 59% of centenarians and 47% of nonagenarians had at least four neuropathological changes. In centenarians, neuropathological changes were associated with higher odds of dementia and, compared to nonagenarians, the odds were not attenuated. For each additional neuropathological change, the Mini-Mental State Examination score was lower by 2 points for both groups.DiscussionNeuropathological changes continue to be strongly related to dementia in centenarians, highlighting the importance of slowing or preventing the development of multiple neuropathological changes in the aging brain to maintain cognitive health.HighlightsIndividual and multiple neuropathological changes are frequent in centenarians. These neuropathological changes are strongly associated with dementia. There is no attenuation of this association with age.

Background: The population of Americans 65 and older is growing rapidly and at risk for Alzheimer's disease and related disorders (ADRD). As a result, younger generations will be challenged with addressing increasing demand in care for the growing geriatric population. Previous studies have explored the impact of volunteer programs involving geriatric residents and improvements in mood and knowledge of aging in medical and high school students. They underscore the importance of intergenerational relationships, but programs involving university students and individuals with ADRD have not been widely studied. Methods: Alzheimer's Buddies at UC Irvine (ABUI) pairs trained university student volunteers with an older individual, or "buddy," with ADRD. ABUI recruited 30 volunteers total to participate in weekly activities with their buddies for one hour. Considering COVID‐19 safety guidelines, current volunteers have interacted virtually with buddies via phone calls or video conferencing. Volunteers submit reflection journals following each visit describing activities completed, lessons learned, and challenges faced during the visit. Before and after 10 weeks of participating in ABUI, new volunteers' mood, attitudes toward the elderly, and knowledge of ADRD will be assessed using the following surveys: Dementia Knowledge Assessment Scale, Kogan's Attitudes Toward Old People Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, and Family Stigma in Alzheimer's Disease Scale. Results: We will assess changes in newly recruited volunteers' mood, knowledge, and attitudes toward ADRD after 10 weeks of participating in ABUI based on the surveys administered. The 160 initial journal submissions from current volunteers demonstrate that volunteers explored shared interests and observed improvement in their buddies' demeanor over multiple visits. Additionally, volunteers noted difficult situations and strategies developed to adapt and optimize their interactions despite these obstacles. Conclusion: ABUI provides university students an opportunity to learn more about ADRD and develop their own viewpoints on this unique and growing population. Preliminary findings in volunteer reflection journals provide insight into the program's effect on volunteers and will be followed by a more rigorous assessment. The results of this study may show that consistent long‐term interaction could be rewarding and provide a better understanding of the experiences of individuals with ADRD for future care providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]