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Certains enfants présentent des difficultés visuelles liées non pas à une atteinte de l'œil mais à une atteinte cérébrale. Ce type de dysfonctionnement des voies cérébrales visuelles entraîne, par exemple, des difficultés de reconnaissance, de coordination visuomotrice ou des troubles visuo-spatiaux. Ces troubles très spécifiques sont nommés « troubles neurovisuels » (TNV). Malgré leur réel impact sur le développement de l'enfant, ces troubles restent à l'heure actuelle encore mal diagnostiqués dans le monde francophone. Au vu du manque d'outil valide en français, la présente étude a pour objectif de fournir les résultats d'une étude préliminaire de validation d'un questionnaire parental de dépistage des enfants présentant des signes d'alerte de TNV en français. La création de ce questionnaire s'est basée à la fois sur la littérature, sur les questionnaires préexistants et sur une équipe d'experts. Une étude de validation a été menée sur un groupe de 112 parents d'enfants tout-venant âgés de 6 à 12 ans et un groupe de 25 parents d'enfants du même âge pour lesquels des signes d'alerte de TNV ont été mis en évidence. Après quelques ajustements du questionnaire, les données récoltées ont permis de le valider en démontrant ses bonnes propriétés psychométriques et en l'illustrant via une étude de cas. Cette étude répond ainsi à un réel besoin des professionnels du terrain de disposer d'un outil en français validé pour repérer les signes d'alerte des troubles neurovisuels chez l'enfant. Some children have visual difficulties that are not related to damage to the eye but to damage to the brain. This type of dysfunction of the visual brain pathways leads, for example, to difficulties in recognition, visuomotor coordination or visuo-spatial disorders. These very specific disorders are called "neurovisual disorders" or "cortical visual disorder". Despite their real impact on the development of the child, these disorders are still poorly diagnosed in the French-speaking world. In view of the lack of a valid tool in French, the aim of this study is to provide the results of a preliminary validation study of a parental questionnaire for screening children with warning signs of neurovisual disorders in French. The creation of this questionnaire was based on the literature, pre-existing questionnaires and a team of experts. A validation study was carried out on a group of 112 parents of children aged between 6 and 12 and a group of 25 parents of children of the same age for whom warning signs of neurovisual disorders had been identified. After some adjustments, the data collected allowed the questionnaire to be validated by demonstrating its good psychometric properties and by illustrating it through a case study. This study meets a real need among professionals in the field for a validated tool in French for spotting the warning signs of neurovisual disorders in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Visual field deficit (VFD) is one of the most commonly observed symptoms following brain injury. Persistent VFD and defective exploratory oculomotor scanning patterns often cause severe impairment in daily activities, particularly as regards visual exploration and reading. Homonymous hemianopia is consequently a powerful negative predictor of patient outcome. In spite of these quantitative and qualitative factors, there currently exists no consensus on rehabilitative therapy and treatment. Different approaches have nevertheless been developed, all of them having one therapeutic principle in common; repeated practice of a specific visual task, with the hope/expectation that improved performance will extend to a wide range of ecologically useful visual functions. The four main available methods aim at replacing part of the intact visual field with part of the damaged visual field (optical therapy using prisms), at partially restoring the lost visual field region (restorative therapies), at stimulating detection capacities in the blind field (stimulation or blindsight) or at substituting for the lost region by reorganizing the control of visual information processing and eye movements (compensatory therapies). This review explores the key data relative to these different approaches in terms of behavioral or imagery results. It also aims at critically analyzing the advantages and limits of each one. The importance of strict assessment in terms of deficiencies or disabilities is underlined. Finally, upon consideration of these data taken as a whole, it is suggested that efficient treatment would probably have to associate general components and more specific elements, according to what may be done with regard to other aspects of cognitive rehabilitation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Cortical blindness refers to a visual loss induced by a bilateral occipital lesion. The very strong cooperation between psychophysics, cognitive psychology, neurophysiology and neuropsychology these latter twenty years as well as recent progress in cerebral imagery have led to a better understanding of neurovisual deficits, such as cortical blindness. It thus becomes possible now to propose an earlier diagnosis of cortical blindness as well as new perspectives for rehabilitation in children as well as in adults. On the other hand, studying complex neurovisual deficits, such as cortical blindness is a way to infer normal functioning of the visual system., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)