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In questo lavoro presentiamo l’ipotesi di partenza per la creazione di un protocollo di intervento teso ad integrare la metodologia terapeutica gestaltica con le tecniche di stimolazione cognitiva. Tale ipotesi è nata dall’osservazione clinica confrontata con i risultati ai test neuropsicologici in pazienti con diagnosi di psicosi tra 35 e 60 anni. Lo scopo dell’intervento integrato è associare la stimolazione cognitiva, in particolare delle funzioni frontali e prefrontali, al processo terapeutico al fine di favorire una miglior integrazione sociale, attenuando la sintomatologia presentata. In particolare, si interviene sulla gestione e sul controllo dei pensieri intrusivi, sulla flessibilità cognitiva e sullo sviluppo delle capacità attentive. La metodologia di intervento è affine ai principi della psicologia della gestalt quali riportare il paziente nel qui ed ora della relazione ed utilizzare la relazione terapeutica come base sicura per rimodulare la sensazione di essere nel mondo. L’equipe di ricerca ha strutturato un ipotesi di protocollo di intervento in cui la relazione tra stimolazione cognitiva e relazione terapeutica, tende a modulare neuro anatomicamente il cervello del paziente.

Background Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder with a wide clinical, cognitive, and behavioral expressivity.

Copyright of Acta Neurológica Colombiana is the property of Colombian Association of Neurology / Asociacion Colombiana de Neurologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study addresses the relationship between neuropsychology and education, in school educational contexts, based on scientific articles. The objective of this work has been to analyze publications that address the topic of neuropsychology in the educational field. Results: 12 articles are included that provide research and academic production incorporating the discipline in their works directly or in relation to specific topics. Discussion: Educational neuropsychology is the study of the developing brain and its relationship to student behavior. The articles reviewed place it to refer mainly to neuroeducation; Neurodidactics; neurodevelopment; executive functions; psychological well-being. Conclusions: This discipline has facilitated neuroscientific knowledge of learning, allowing the educator to design strategies and apply methodologies that enhance the individual characteristics of students in the classrooms, making them a more favorable space for inclusion, which values individuality and diversity, according to the presence or absence of alterations related to learning. Theoretical information and empirical elements contribute to designing educational improvement projects, and are an opportunity to get to know the student from a neuropsychological perspective and improve the ways of acting of the school system itself.

RESUMEN La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la inteligencia emocional, desde un punto de vista Neuropsicológico-educativo, en niños de 9 a 11 años de una entidad educativa de una zona rural de Durán. El enfoque de estudio es cuantitativo, de corte transversal y alcance descriptivo. La herramienta utilizada fue el TMMS-24 que mide la inteligencia emocional en una variedad de edades similares. La muestra de este procedimiento obedece a una tipología no probabilística que estuvo conformada por una cantidad de 143 estudiantes y presentó un índice de confiabilidad de .85 según su alfa de Cronbach. La principal conclusión obtenida hace referencia a los bajos puntajes obtenidos en el análisis de los resultados. De forma anexa, el estudio recomienda continuar con este tipo de investigaciones, pero relacionándolas con otras variables de carácter educativo y/o Neuropsicológico, tales como: las relaciones interpersonales o el rendimiento académico.

La presente investigación aborda la temática de la racionalidad del agente económico, desde un enfoque interdisci- plinario, lo que otorga novedad a la propuesta que se realiza. El objetivo es integrar conocimiento de diversas áreas del saber que contribuyan a una nueva concepción de la racionalidad para la comprensión, explicación y proyec- ción de los fenómenos económicos. Se emplea una metodología cualitativa para la selección e interpretación de la información científica, asumiendo una postura crítica y constructiva del conocimiento. La investigación es teórica por el manejo de la información que realiza y se emplean varios métodos del nivel teórico, tales como el análisis, la síntesis y la generalización teórica. Las conclusiones más significativas señalan hacia la importancia de ampliar la visión del concepto de racionalidad, ya que sus implicaciones prácticas influyen en los gobiernos conductuales, las políticas públicas, el funcionamiento del mercado y la gestión organizacional. La integración de información de las neurociencias, la economía del comportamiento y la teoría de la mente extendida, permiten concebir la racionali- dad del agente económico como un proceso limitado, variable y dependiente del entorno.

Introduction: Huntington disease (HD) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder. Thanks to predictive diagnosis, incipient clinical characteristics have been described in the prodromal phase. Objective: To compare performance in cognitive tasks of carriers (HDC) and non-carriers (non-HDC) of the huntingtin gene and to analyse the variability in performance as a function of disease burden and proximity to the manifest stage (age of symptom onset). Method: A sample of 146 participants in a predictive diagnosis of HD programme were divided into the HDC (41.1%) and non-HDC groups (58.9%). Mathematical formulae were used to calculate disease burden and proximity to the manifest stage in the HDC group; these parameters were correlated with neuropsychological performance. Results: Significant differences were observed between groups in performance on the Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE), Stroop-B, Symbol-Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), and phonological fluency. In the HDC group, correlations were observed between disease burden and performance on the MMSE, Stroop-B, and SDMT. The group of patients close to the manifest stage scored lowest on the MMSE, Stroop-B, Stroop-C, SDMT, and semantic verbal fluency. According to the multivariate analysis of covariance, the MMSE effect shows statistically significant differences in disease burden and proximity to onset of symptoms. Conclusions: Members of the HDC group close to the manifest phase performed more poorly on tests assessing information processing speed and attention. Prefrontal cognitive dysfunction appears early, several years before the motor diagnosis of HD. Resumen: Introducción: La enfermedad de Huntington (EH) es un trastorno neurodegenerativo y hereditario, gracias al diagnóstico predictivo se han descrito características clínicas incipientes en la fase prodrómica. Objetivo: Comparar la ejecución en tareas cognitivas de portadores (PEH) del gen de la huntingtina y no portadores (NPEH) y observar la variabilidad en la ejecución, dependiendo de la carga de la enfermedad y cercanía a la etapa manifiesta (edad de inicio de síntomas). Método: 146 participantes de un Programa de Diagnóstico Predictivo de EH (PDP-EH) se dividió en PEH (41.1%) y NPEH (58.9%). Mediante fórmulas matemáticas se obtuvo la carga de enfermedad y cercanía a la etapa manifiesta en el grupo PEH y se correlacionó con la ejecución neuropsicológica. Resultados: Se observaron diferencias significativas entre grupos en MMSE, Stroop-B, SDMT y fluidez fonológica. En el grupo PEH se observaron correlaciones entre la carga de enfermedad con el MMSE, Stroop-B y SDMT. El grupo “Cerca” a la etapa manifiesta es el que obtiene la puntuación más baja en el MMSE, Stroop-B, Stroop-C, SDMT y fluidez verbal semántica. De acuerdo al MANCOVA el efecto MMSE evidencia diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre carga de la enfermedad y cercanía de inicio de síntomas. Conclusiones: Se observa un nivel menor de desempeño en el grupo PEH con probabilidad de inicio cercano de la fase manifiesta, en pruebas que evalúan velocidad de procesamiento y atención. La disfunción cognitiva prefrontal se altera de manera precoz, varios años antes del diagnóstico motor de la EH.

Introduction: The aim of the study was to describe the neuropsychological profile of patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the impact of the disorder on executive functioning and academic performance. Patients and methods: We conducted a retrospective observational and analytical study. The sample consisted of 24 children with a diagnosis of ADHD (aged 6–15 years) without pharmacological treatment and 24 controls without ADHD (aged 7–15 years). A comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation was carried out, encompassing major cognitive domains, in addition to assessment of executive functioning and psychopathological symptoms through the administration of questionnaires to parents and teachers. Results: The cognitive profile of the ADHD group was characterized by overall scores (including executive functions and academic abilities) in the normal range (z scores between −1 and 1), although significantly lower compared to the control group. Over half of the patients with ADHD (58%) had associated specific learning disorders. Furthermore, teachers tended to report executive function difficulties more frequently in male students. Conclusions: In the study sample, the group of patients with ADHD exhibited cognitive performance within the normal range, although with lower scores compared to controls. Behavioural rating scales provide valuable information about functioning outside the clinic, but may yield biased results on account of the focus on externalising symptoms. The neuropsychological evaluation is a useful tool that can facilitate the diagnosis of ADHD and an effective response to the needs and characteristics of patients and families. Resumen: Introducción: El objetivo del presente estudio es describir el perfil neuropsicológico de los pacientes con trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH) y su impacto en las funciones ejecutivas y académicas. Pacientes y métodos: Se realizó un estudio analítico, observacional y retrospectivo. La muestra está compuesta por 24 sujetos con diagnóstico de TDAH (6–15 años) sin tratamiento farmacológico y 24 controles (7–15 años) sin TDAH. Se realizó una evaluación neuropsicológica completa que abarcase los principales dominios cognitivos, así como la evaluación mediante cuestionarios a padres y profesores del funcionamiento ejecutivo y sintomatología psicopatológica. Resultados: El perfil cognitivo del grupo con TDAH se caracteriza por presentar puntuaciones globales (incluidas funciones ejecutivas y habilidades académicas) dentro del rango de la normalidad (puntuaciones z entre −1 y 1), aunque significativamente menores que las del grupo. Más de la mitad de los sujetos (58%) con TDAH presentan trastornos específicos de aprendizaje de manera comórbida. Por otro lado, los profesores tienden a informar de más dificultades de tipo ejecutivo cuando los sujetos son varones. Conclusiones: En nuestro grupo de estudio los pacientes diagnosticados con TDAH se caracterizan por presentar un rendimiento cognitivo dentro de la normalidad, aunque con menores puntuaciones que los controles. Los cuestionarios de conducta proporcionan información muy valiosa sobre el funcionamiento en entornos fuera de la consulta, pero pueden presentar sesgos al predominar los síntomas externalizantes. La evaluación neuropsicológica es una herramienta útil que puede facilitar el diagnóstico del TDAH y dar una respuesta eficaz a las características y necesidades de los pacientes y sus familias.

Resumo A heterogeneidade na dislexia do desenvolvimento pode ser compreendida por meio dos subtipos de dislexia do desenvolvimento (SDD), porém não foram encontrados estudos que avaliassem a literatura brasileira sobre SDD. A presente revisão buscou responder quais SDD foram identificados no português brasileiro. Foram incluídos estudos empíricos, em inglês ou português, que descrevessem ao menos um SDD, bem como critérios diagnósticos, com participantes brasileiros. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases Scielo, Pubmed e Google Scholar. Como resultado, foram encontrados 11 estudos referentes a seis SDD, sendo as dislexias fonológicas e de superfície as mais presentes, e foram descritas as definições, critérios de identificação e instrumentos de avaliação utilizados em cada estudo. Foi discutida a heterogeneidade de definições, critérios de identificação e instrumentos de avaliação encontrados. Destacam-se o pequeno número de relatos em comparação com a literatura internacional e a necessidade de tarefas padronizadas, validadas e sensíveis aos SDD no português brasileiro.

Introduction: Availability of adequate normative data is essential when performing neuropsychological evaluation; good methodological quality of the studies that propose these data ensures that their conclusions are reliable and valid. We present the methodological characteristics of the Neuronorma Colombia Project in order to analyse its contributions and limitations. Method: We present the characteristics of the normative sample, inclusion and exclusion criteria, statistical analysis, the procedure for obtaining normative data, and the instruments used. Results: We present graphical profiles of patient performance, based on the Neuronorma Work Unit, to illustrate the interpretation of the results obtained when evaluating patients with the Neuronorma Colombia Battery. Discussion and conclusions: Our study presents several methodological advantages, such as its multicentre, co-normalised design and the availability of the Neuronorma Work Unit, which allows the creation of graphical profiles of patient performance, a fundamental tool for diagnosis and research. We present the findings of subsequent research based on the proposed normative data, which demonstrate the value of the battery. The contribution of this study is discussed in the context of its immediate background. Resumen: Introducción: Al realizar una evaluación neuropsicológica es necesario contar con datos normativos adecuados; la calidad metodológica de los estudios que los proponen garantiza que las conclusiones sean confiables y válidas. Se presentan las características metodológicas del Proyecto Neuronorma Colombia, con el fin de analizar sus aportes y limitaciones. Método: Se exponen las características de la muestra normativa, criterios de inclusión y exclusión, análisis estadístico de los datos, procedimiento para la obtención de datos normativos y los instrumentos utilizados. Resultados: Se presentan algunos perfiles gráficos de ejecución de casos clínicos, a partir de la Unidad de Trabajo Neuronorma, con el fin de ilustrar la interpretación de los resultados obtenidos al evaluar pacientes con la Batería Neuronorma Colombia. Discusión y conclusiones: Existen ventajas metodológicas del estudio: su carácter multicéntrico y conormalizado, disponer de la Unidad de Trabajo Neuronorma, que permite obtener perfiles gráficos del desempeño del paciente, herramienta fundamental para el diagnóstico y la investigación. Se presentan los hallazgos de investigaciones posteriores realizadas a partir de los datos normativos propuestos, que son evidencia de la utilidad de la Batería. Se discute el aporte de este estudio, en el contexto de sus antecedentes inmediatos.

Copyright of Revista Electrónica de Psicología Iztacala is the property of Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective. To analyze the behavioral changes of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) based on their performance on the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSBe). Method. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of original articles that used the FrSBe scale in patients with TBI from the time of publication of the instrument (year 1999) to February 2022, using PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCO databases. Results. The search yielded a total of 4318 records, of which 28 met the selection criteria. The studies reported that patientswithTBI showed impairments in some domains assessed by the FrSBe: apathy and executive dysfunction. Conclusions. The results are consistent with behavioral impairments frequently reported in TBI patients. Therefore, the FrSBe is presented as a useful and effective tool for the detection of behavioral changes in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Specific Learning Disorder (SLD) affects the acquisition of reading, writing and mathematics skills, with a prevalence rate of around 5% in school-age children. In the Brazilian context, there is a shortage of scales for the SLD symptoms screening. Therefore, this study aimed to generate the items and present evidences of validity and reliability of the Escala de Avaliação do Transtorno Específico da Aprendizagem (ESATA), a Likert-type scale developed for 2nd to 5th grade teachers. 80 items related to the domains of reading, written expression and mathematics were developed. Theoretical and empirical analyses were performed. After the expert panel review, 76 items presented a Content Validity Index (CVI) ranging from 0.86 to 1, with a total CVI = 0.98. The semantic analysis showed the items were easily understood. The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) performed based on data collected from 308 2nd to 5th grade teachers, from 19 Brazilian states, showed a better fit of the data in a bifactorial structure, the first factor called Reading and Writing, with loads ranging from. 44 to .89, and the second factor called Mathematics, with loads ranging from .57 to .94. Both factors explained 58% of the variance. Cronbach's a for the full scale was .99, indicating excellent reliability of ESATA with 74 items. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Specific learning disorder (SLD) affects the acquisition of reading, writing and mathematics skills, with a prevalence rate of around 5% in school-age children. In the Brazilian context, there is a shortage of scales for the SLD symptoms screening. Therefore, this study aimed to generate the items and present evidences of validity and reliability of the Escala de Avaliação do Transtorno Específico da Aprendizagem (ESATA), a Likert-type scale developed for 2nd to 5th grade teachers. 80 items related to the domains of reading, written expression and mathematics were developed. Theoretical and empirical analyses were performed. After the expert panel review, 76 items presented a Content Validity Index (CVI) ranging from 0.86 to 1, with a total CVI = 0.98. The semantic analysis showed the items were easily understood. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) performed based on data collected from 308 2nd to 5th grade teachers, from 19 Brazilian states, showed a better fit of the data in a bifactorial structure, the first factor called Reading and Writing, with loads ranging from. 44 to .89, and the second factor called Mathematics, with loads ranging from .57 to .94. Both factors explained 58% of the variance. Cronbach's α for the full scale was .99, indicating excellent reliability of ESATA with 74 items. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To understand neuropsychological aspects in adolescents who commit infractions, this study aimed to assess the levels os impulsivity, anger, and the frequency of drug use. The hypothesis was defined that the adolescents deprived of liberty presented high levels of impulsiveness for years, and the use of drugs was at the age of 12 and related to the infraction. A hundred and fifty nine adolescents (deprived of liberty in the city of Porto Velho/RO were analyzed. A drug found was assigned to the prevalence of use and demographic identification, the STAXI and Barratt scale were used as instruments. Descriptive, frequency and inferential statistics indicated higher levels of anger and high total impulsivity. The primary group had a higher lifetime consumption of marijuana and more relapsed use for cocaine). Being a socioeducational repeat offender acted on the risk factor increasing by 2 times (the incidence of the infraction, while schooling: as an increase of 10% (. In conclusion, it was confirmed that the perpetrators of infractions presented high levels of impulsiveness and that, together with drug use, they explain aspects of the infraction, being important data for psychological monitoring and use by public policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of neurocognition is increasingly present in educational research. Just as emotions have been shown to influence learning processes, other neurocognitive variables are determinants in the processes of Science Education, such as Cognitive Associative Networks. This study focuses on the analysis of the Cognitive Associative Networks of schoolchildren and university students of the Primary Education Degree in the learning of the Water Cycle. The study followed a descriptive design, using a mixed analysis and the WebQDA, R and Gephi software. The results reveal difficulties in assimilating different concepts, such as underground phases or living beings, and a lack of connection between them. The study of Cognitive Associative Networks is presented as a fundamental analysis in the learning of science and mathematics content, sustainability, and health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cultura Educación y Sociedad is the property of Corporacion Universidad de la Costa, CUC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introducción: el trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo (TOC) se caracteriza por obsesiones y compulsiones. Las obsesiones corresponden a ideas o imágenes intrusivas y la compulsión es el acto motor o cognitivo para aplacar la obsesión. Su prevalencia mundial es del 3?% y existen diferentes factores que influyen en su aparición, que pueden ser biológicos, psicológicos o ambientales. Por otra parte, las funciones ejecutivas son un conjunto de habilidades que regulan la cognición y el comportamiento, donde este estudio busca describir la relación y afectación de las funciones ejecutivas en personas que padecen TOC. Materiales y métodos: artículo de revisión narrativa a partir del estado del arte sobre el TOC y las funciones ejecutivas. Resultados: diversos estudios han reportado la relación clínico-anatómica entre signos y síntomas característicos del TOC y la alteración evidenciada en funciones ejecutivas. Las funciones ejecutivas impactan el funcionamiento en la vida diaria y se encuentran fuertemente relacionadas al TOC, generando limitaciones funcionales en estos pacientes. Para esta afección hay tratamientos como las terapias farmacológica, psicológica y quirúrgica. Discusión: se encuentra la necesidad de implementar, dentro de su tratamiento, la rehabilitación neuropsicológica para rehabilitar y fortalecer las funciones ejecutivas, buscando que se desarrolle de manera integral y que le permita a la persona desenvolverse de manera óptima en su día a día. Conclusión: las funciones ejecutivas son un componente fundamental para nuestro funcionamiento y autonomía, es por esto que al estar el TOC directamente relacionado con fallas en estas funciones, se considera un punto importante para tener en cuenta al acompañar y tratar a personas que presentan este trastorno.

Introduction: Research on the clinical and neuropsychological characteristics of children with autism spectrum disorder report a heterogeneous and atypical profile. Treatment for these children is diverse and pharmacotherapy is a key element for symptom control. Objective: To describe the clinical and neuropsychological characteristics in children with autism spectrum disorder. Material and Methods: Observational, descriptive study of 20 patients between 2-6 years old with primary autism spectrum disorder, evaluated in the Neuropsychology Service of the International Center for Neurological Restoration, in the period January-December 2022. Demographic, clinical and neuropsychological variables were analyzed using the Autism Rating Scale (CARS) and the Brunet-Lézine psychomotor test. Descriptive statistics was used: for quantitative variables (mean, standard deviation) and for qualitative variables (absolute frequencies and percentage). Results: Moderate severity predominated (85%), moderate to severe impairment of the developmental coefficient (60%), severe language impairment (60%), sleep disorder (25%) and 80% responded to carbamazepine. Conclusions: Neuropsychological alterations and social limitations of moderate and severe intensity were confirmed in children with autism spectrum disorder, contributing to the evidence already reported in other studies, although it must be taken into consideration that the research was based on a small case series and was carried out in a tertiary health institution. It is recommended to develop studies aimed at validating the efficacy of carbamazepine.

Introducción. En Latinoamérica, los estudios de plasticidad cognitiva en el envejecimiento son escasos. La AVLT-PA es una versión modificada de la Lista de Rey que evalúa plasticidad cognitiva mediante la valoración del potencial de aprendizaje. No se cuenta con datos normativos de la AVLT-PA para adultos mayores. Objetivo. Estudiar la correlación entre variables sociodemográficas (sexo, edad y nivel educativo) y la AVLT-PA en personas mayores, para presentar valores de referencia argentinos de la AVLT-PA. Metodología. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 107 adultos mayores argentinos entre 60 y 89 años. Se analizaron la correlación y las diferencias de variables de la AVLT-PA según sexo, edad y nivel educativo. Resultados. Se observó una correlación negativa estadísticamente significativa entre edad y AVLT-PA, y se observaron diferencias según sexo. No se observó correlación entre las variables de la AVLT-PA y los años de educación. Conclusiones. La AVLT-PA presenta diferencias según edad y sexo, pero no presentó correlación con los años de educación formal, resultando así una herramienta útil para describir el funcionamiento en memoria episódica en personas mayores sanas con diferentes niveles educativos. Por lo tanto, se tomaron en cuenta estas variables para presentar los valores de referencias de la AVLT-PA para población argentina.

Copyright of Revista Electrónica de Psicología Iztacala is the property of Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Medicas de La Habana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present review aimed to explore the subtypes of developmental dyslexia (SDD), identified in the Brazilian literature, considering the heterogeneity in developmental dyslexia. This review included empirical studies in English or Portuguese, involving Brazilian students, and describing at least one SDD, along with diagnostic criteria. Searches were conducted in the Scielo, Pubmed and Google Scholar databases. The review identified 11 studies, which covered six different SDD. Phonological and surface dyslexia were the most commonly reported subtypes. The review discussed the variations in definitions, identification criteria, and evaluation instruments used in these studies. It also highlighted the limited number of reports in the Brazilian literature compared to international sources and emphasized the need for standardized, validated tasks in Brazilian Portuguese that are SDD-sensitive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La discapacidad cognitiva es la secuela más invisibilizada y de difícil certificación del daño cerebral adquirido, a pesar de sus repercusiones en la calidad de vida de las personas. Este trabajo se propuso revisar y sistematizar la literatura científica para delimitar la ruta de evaluación y certificación de la discapacidad cognitiva secundaria al daño cerebral adquirido, como antecedente para su visibilización en Costa Rica. Se realiza: (a) una revisión de antecedentes y buenas prácticas internacionales en evaluación de la discapacidad cognitiva y (b) una revisión de las normativas latinoamericanas que visibilizan y certifican la discapacidad cognitiva, en contraste con las experiencias nacionales existentes. Se seleccionaron estudios y protocolos publicados en bases de datos científicas desde el 2010, así como leyes, normas y protocolos para la certificación oficial de discapacidad cognitiva en América Latina. Los resultados muestran la complejidad del proceso de valoración y certificación de una condición que no es estática y requiere un seguimiento longitudinal. Entre los criterios que se sistematizan, destaca el requerimiento de una valoración centrada en la persona, con especificidad, especialización y sensibilidad de la evaluación neuropsicológica y funcional, según el momento de evolución y considerando la percepción subjetiva del cambio o secuela en el desempeño diario específica de la discapacidad cognitiva secundaria al daño cerebral adquirido en Costa Rica, considerando la necesidad de validación previa.

Estímulos afetivos influenciam o comportamento devido a facilitações/inibições que ocorrem no sistema sensóriomotor. Para estímulos positivos, respostas ipsilaterais tendem a ser facilitadas e as contralaterais inibidas. Para estímulos negativos, o padrão é invertido. Atualmente, 34 voluntários foram submetidos à Tarefa de Compatibilidade Espacial Afetiva, cujos estímulos de valência inata foram as palavras “viver” e “morrer”. No mapeamento 1, executaram-se respostas ipsilaterais para a palavra “viver” e respostas contralaterais para a palavra “morrer”. No mapeamento 2, ocorreu o inverso. Através da análise temporal, investigamos se e como palavras que desencadeiam emoções inatas modulam a resposta motora. No mapeamento 1, constatamos respostas ipsilaterais mais lentas à palavra “viver” do que contralaterais à palavra “morrer” (a partir do 3º quintil). Porém, no mapeamento 2, houve diferença apenas no 3º quintil. Os efeitos facilitadores da resposta contralateral ao estímulo negativo estão possivelmente associados a mecanismos automáticos de vigilância para detectar/evitar estímulos de ameaça

The present review attempts to discuss how some of the central concepts from the Lurian corpus of theories are relevant to the modern neuropsychology of epilepsy and epilepsy surgery. Through the lenses of the main Lurian concepts (such as the qualitative syndrome analysis), we discuss the barriers to clinical reasoning imposed by quadrant-based views of the brain, or even atheoretical, statistically-based and data-driven approaches. We further advice towards a systemic view inspired by Luria's clinical work and theorizing, given their importance towards our clinical practice, by contrasting it to the modular views when appropriate. Luria provided theory-guided methods of assessment and rehabilitation of higher cortical functions. Although his work did not specifically address epilepsy, his theory and clinical approaches actually apply to the whole neuropathology spectrum and accounting for the whole panorama of neurocognition. This holistic and systemic approach to the brain is consistent with the network approach of the neuroimaging era. As to epilepsy, the logic of cognitive functions organized into complex functional systems, contrary to modular views of the brain, heralds current knowledge of epilepsy as a network disease, as well as the concept of the functional deficit zone.

Los pacientes con enfermedades neurodegenerativas presentan deterioros en procesos cognitivos y conductuales; sin embargo, los perfiles neuropsicológicos reportados en la literatura científica demuestran inconsistencias en cuanto a sí la toma decisiones pueda estar afectada o no, debido a falta de consenso en el ejercicio clínico para la valoración cognitiva. Por ello se realizó una revisión de la literatura científica sobre la toma de decisiones en pacientes con enfermedades neurodegenerativas, con el propósito de identificar sí se requiere ampliar la valoración neuropsicológica, incluyendo la toma de decisiones, para establecer estrategias clínicas de intervención y rehabilitación. Se realizó una revisión sistemática con la declaración PRISMA, en idioma inglés, en bases de datos Scopus, PubMed y ScienceDirect entre 2012–2022. Se identificó déficit en toma de decisiones de pacientes con enfermedades neurodegenerativas, no solo evidente en la valoración neuropsicológica, sino también en el criterio de funcionalidad para actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria, que involucran procesos de toma de decisiones relacionadas con conducta social y adaptativa, tales como gestión financiera, programación de citas y adherencia al tratamiento médico. Por lo anterior es necesario incluir la toma de decisiones bajo riesgo o ambigüedad en la evaluación neuropsicológica de pacientes con enfermedades neurodegenerativas.

Se presentan las estrategias de evaluación en neuropsicología para el diagnóstico diferencial entre envejecimiento normal y patológico (demencia). Se ha sugerido que la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) puede iniciarse como un deterioro cognoscitivo leve (DCL). Se analizan los diferentes subtipos de DCL, considerando que sólo algunos de ellos resultan en una EA. Se subraya que existen dos estrategias de evaluación cognoscitiva: las pruebas de tamizaje y las evaluaciones extensas. Se presen- tan las principales pruebas neuropsicológicas para una y otra y se señalan las adaptaciones disponibles en español. A pesar de los avances neuropsicológicos en lo conceptuales y diagnóstico sobre el envejecimiento, se estima que más del 50% de los casos de demencia no se diagnostican en etapas iniciales.

Introduction: The objective of this work is the creation of specific indices of the different executive functions (EF), which allow a more complete understanding of the executive performance associated with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and not through isolated tests. Methodology: 118 patients with BPD and 81 controls were evaluated with a neuropsychological battery. Three indices of attention, memory and FE were created. The tests that make up the executive domain were grouped into four different executive indices: cognitive flexibility, planning, working memory, and response inhibition. The batteries for each domain were compared through the standardized batteries of the tests that comprised them. Results: The results showed differences in the memory, attention, and EF indices, as well as in the different executive indices of cognitive flexibility, planning, working memory, and response inhibition, between BPD patients and controls. Conclusions: This study has allowed the creation of four executive indexes, being the first to do so. These results established a neurocognitive profile of BPD characterized by executive-specific impairment of cognitive flexibility, planning, working memory, and response inhibition. These findings support that patients with BPD will benefit from the application of neuropsychological programs, especially focused on improving a certain EF, and lay the foundations for the investigation of the relationship between these specific executive deficits and certain clinical characteristics of BPD, such as different types of Impulsive behavior and different mentalization errors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most frequent pediatric neurodevelopmental disorder. Studies in Mexico about health-related quality of life (QOL) and cognitive characteristics in these patients are scarce. Objectives: The objective of this study is to describe the relationship between cognitive characteristics and health-related QOL in children with ADHD in Puebla, Mexico. Method: A cross-sectional, analytical study was carried out in a second-level care hospital in Puebla, Mexico. Both genders, from 6 to 12 years old patients with ADHD were included. Those with visual/hearing disabilities and/or severe language delays were excluded. Patients who did not complete the information were eliminated. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children IV (WISC-IV), The Neuropsi and Brief Multidimensional Life Satisfaction Scale for Students (as health-related QOL indicator) scales were applied. Spearman test was used; p ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Results: 104 children were recruited, 71 male (68.26%), medium age was 8.94 years old (SD = 1.83, min = 6, max = 12). Work memory and processing speed (WISC-IV), and memory and attention (Neuropsi) were the most affected domains. Health-related QOL was low at 60%. WISC-IVs intellectual quotient (r = 0.3962, p = 0.000), and Neuropsi's memory and attention (r = 0.451, p = 0.018) reported a significant moderated correlation with health-related QOL. Conclusion: Attention, memory, and processing speed were the most affected cognitive characteristics in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Health-related QOL resulted low. Intellectual coefficient, as well as memory and attention, reported a significant moderated correlation with health-related QOL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction. The present study was carried out due to the few previous studies on cognitive functioning in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially comparing transplant recipients with patients receiving hemodialysis treatment. Objective. To compare cognitive functioning in people with CKD under hemodialysis treatment, post-kidney transplantation, and healthy people. Method. The study applied standardized neuropsychological tests: MoCa Test, King Figure, and Token Test to assess cognitive functions. Results. Better cognitive performance occurred in the screening test and visual memory in the control and the transplanted groups than in the hemodialysis group. Discussion. The findings suggest that people with chronic kidney disease with transplant treatment improve cognitive performance significantly after 6 to 12 months after the intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a comprehensive analysis of both theoretical foundations and empirical findings regarding the investigation into the correlation between neurophysiological parameters and the intensity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) manifestations in primary school children. Specifically, the study examines the unique characteristics of this correlation through the utilization of neurophysiological indicators. Within each subgroup of children diagnosed with ADHD, a notable association has been observed between elevated levels of ADHD manifestations, as assessed through the Vanderbilt ADHD Diagnostic Rating Scale (VADRS), and distinctive qualitative aspects of the electroencephalogram (EEG). Additionally, the study identifies certain distinct features of brain bioelectrical activity that deviate from the norm for each respective subgroup. Notably, among children exhibiting prominent hyperactivity and impulsivity, the highest frequency of elevated indicators was consistently observed concerning the fourth type of EEG, whereas the second type of EEG was not commonly encountered within this particular subgroup. Among children with a predominant attention deficit, the second type of EEG demonstrated a prevailing occurrence of the highest mean scores, while the third type of EEG was found to be atypical within this subgroup. These findings have practical implications for the development of a psychological support program, encompassing various aspects such as conducting psychoeducational interventions within the child's environment, strategic planning and selection of corrective and developmental approaches, as well as the establishment of a comprehensive framework consisting of methods and techniques aimed at stabilizing the child's condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intimate partner violence is a problem that mainly affects women. Some studies have shown that there are neuropsychological effects in women who have been victims of violence. These changes can occur due to head injuries, or as a result of psychopathologies that victims usually experience such as depression, Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Despite the fact that violence against women is a national and international problem, there is not enough evidence about the neuropsychological effects of violence on women. The objective of this research is to analyze the cognitive performance of women who have been victims of intimate partner violence in the last year. Cognitive performance was assessed through the Brief Neuropsychological Evaluation in Spanish-NEUROPSI, and the presence of psychopathological symptoms with the use of Beck depression inventory II, mexican version of Beck's anxiety inventory and post traumatic stress disorder checklist for DSM-5. To later compare the results at intra-group level and determine the characteristics of the sample. A strong negative correlation (-.639) was found between PTSD and TFE. Finally, a Mann-Whitney U for the TFE, where the grouping variable was the absence or presence of PTSD, a significant difference was found in favor of the group without PTSD (p=.007). Knowing the cognitive performance of women who have experienced violence will make important contributions that would impact on care to victims in both health and legal areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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La violencia de pareja es un problema que afecta principalmente a las mujeres. Algunos estudios han demostrado que existen alteraciones neuropsicológicas en las víctimas. Dichos cambios se pueden presentar a consecuencia de los traumatismos craneoencefálicos, o a consecuencia de psicopatologías que suelen presentar las víctimas como depresión, trastorno de ansiedad generalizada (TAG) y trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT). A pesar de que la violencia hacia la mujer es un problema a nivel nacional e internacional, no se cuenta con suficiente evidencia acerca de las alteraciones neuropsicológicas de la violencia en mujeres. El objetivo de la presente investigación es analizar el rendimiento cognitivo en mujeres que han sido víctimas de violencia de pareja en el último año. Se evaluó el desempeño cognitivo mediante la evaluación neuropsicológica breve en español-NEUROPSI, y la presencia de síntomas psicopatológicos con el uso de el inventario de depresión de Beck II, versión mexicana del inventario de ansiedad de Beck y lista checable de trastorno por estrés postraumático para DSM-5, para posteriormente comparar los resultados a nivel intragrupal y determinar las características de la muestra. Se observó una correlación negativa fuerte (-.639) entre TEPT y la puntuación Total de Funciones Ejecutivas (TFE). Finalmente se realizó una . de Mann-Whitney para el TFE, donde la variable de agrupación fue la ausencia o presencia de TEPT, se encontró diferencia significativa a favor del grupo sin TEPT (p= .007). Conocer el desempeño cognitivo de mujeres que han vivido violencia permitirá hacer aportes importantes que impactarían en la atención a víctimas tanto en el área de la salud como en la legal.

Esta pesquisa trata do conhecimento e análise dos desafios vivenciados no processo de envelhecimento e nos impactos sociais na vida do idoso. A relação entre o desenvolvimento da doença de Alzheimer e a depressão, envelhecimento e declínio da memória foram investigados. O desenvolvimento desta pesquisa se deu por meio da análise de banco de dados do estudo Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), além de exame de cenários abrangentes de estudos sobre a doença de Alzheimer no Brasil e no mundo. A metodologia utilizada baseou-se na definição da base de dados ideal a ser analisada, assim como a sua complementação, tratamento e estratificação. A análise estatística comparativa foi elaborada a partir dos dados provenientes de dois subgrupos (com e sem depressão) de participantes do ADNI que iniciaram este estudo com comprometimento cognitivo leve e terminaram com doença de Alzheimer. Foram avaliadas as informações demográficas, as taxas de conversão de participantes com comprometimento cognitivo leve para doença de Alzheimer, biomarcadores de imagem, biomarcadores químicos e testes de avaliação cognitiva, além de avaliações globais, comportamentais e funcionais. Os resultados obtidos, após as análises, confirmaram que os participantes acometidos de depressão são mais impactados no desenvolvimento da doença de Alzheimer que os participantes sem depressão.

El logopeda además de brindar tratamiento logopédico debe conocer las áreas del cerebro que intervienen en el lenguaje, así mismo la relación que se establece entre ellas y el papel de cada una en el desarrollo de este proceso. Esta situación exige que se profundice en la importancia que tiene para la sociedad, la preparación de los logopedas y desde la formación significa encontrar solución a los vacíos teóricos y prácticos que se evidencia hasta el momento. Desde el campo de acción se revela una dicotomía entre las necesidades reales de los logopedas y el contenido de las actividades establecidas en su formación. El objetivo del presente artículo es dar a conocer la solución a estas insuficiencias formativas a través de un Programa de Asignatura. Se emplearon métodos teóricos y empíricos. Desde lo formativo- académico el estudiante logra desarrollar habilidades para la exploración y el diagnóstico en neuropsicología y neurolingüística, a partir del uso pertinente de pruebas e instrumentos de evaluación neurocognitiva que le sirvan para el diagnóstico logopédico integral.

The main objective of this study was to compare children selected in a community setting with ADHD, high-performance, and normotypical development on a sustained attention task. Three groups of children were selected: ADHD (n = 42), high-performance (n = 20), and normo-typical development (n = 28). A brief computerized vigilance task (CSA'l'-R) was applied to compare attentional capacity and reaction time, 'l'he participants were divided into those with "attcntional dysfunction" and those with "normal attention" to analyze clinical validity. Children with high-performance were clearly differentiated from the other two groups, with large effect sizes. The differences between normo-typical and ADHD groups were only significant in the errors and in a nonparamctric index of attcntional capacity, but with small effect sizes, 'l'he CSA'l'-R showed good specificity and an acceptable positive predictive value, but low levels of sensitivity, and a pr negative predictive value. Therefore, sustained attention could be a prominent mechanism in children with high capacities, 'l'he CSAT-R (and probably most of attcntional tasks) would be moderately useful in community settings for ADI ID diagnosis, but not to rule it out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze global disparities in research on the neurodevelopment and neuropsychology of congenital heart disease (CHD) in the past 20 years (2000-2019) and explore the association with its disability burden. Method: A bibliometric analysis of articles published between 2000 and 2019 in SCOPUS. Country-level data on disability-adjusted life years (DALYs per 100,000 persons) for CHD was obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study-2019, and income group was obtained from the World Bank database. Results: The research output rate was 1.81 articles per million in high-income countries (HICs) and 0.07 in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Research output was 27 times higher in HICs than in LMICs (p < 0.001). In LMICs, the DALY rate was 5.2 (95% CI: 4.9-5.5) times higher than in HICs. We found a negative association between research productivity and the DALY rate (RR = 0.9; 95% CI: 0.8-0.9). Conclusion: We found similar disparity patterns by income group for research output and CHD disability burden. Countries with a higher CHD disability burden were less productive in this research field. To reverse this pattern, international collaboration and national strengthening strategies for research capacity building are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Stroop paradigm is widely used in the executive functions assessment. This study investigated the use of tasks based on the Stroop paradigm in national studies published between 2000 and 2022, by doing a scope review. Empirical studies were selected in the following databases: PubMed, SciELO Brazil, LILACS, PePSIC, Index Psi Periódicos, Index Psi Teses, Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD) and Portal Capes de Teses e Dissertações. From the initial 1448 studies found, 147 were selected (90 theses/dissertations and 57 articles). Most articles were published in psychology and psychiatry journals, and the construct most targeted by the tasks was inhibitory control. Four versions were identified, and the classic Stroop Colors and Word test was the most used one (124 studies). Different scores were reported. There were few psychometric studies and few studies with task norms. Computerized versions are still little used. The review helps to outline the versions used at the national context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neuropsychology applied in a hospital context, an emerging expertise of Psychology has been extremely relevant in recent studies, since the possibilities of action permeate from early stages of surgical procedures, from functional cognitive assessments, to later stages, reaching the neuropsychological rehabilitation process. Despite this, there is a lack of more detailed data on the particularities of this work with the interprofessional staff. In this sense, this study aimed to describe the perception of neuropsychologists and healthcare professionals who work in hospital teams about hospital neuropsychology. This is an exploratory study with a qualitative approach, according to the analysis criteria of semiotic phenomenology. Twenty-one professionals from hospitals in the southeast region of Brazil participated (nine neuropsychologists and twelve professionals from different specialties in the healthcare area), who responded to a semi - structured interview via video conference. The results revealed nine different themes: "Hospital scenario entrance", "Ignorance of the area versus Appreciation", "Attributions of the neuropsychology in the hospital", "Financial obstacles", "Training processes", "Divergence of functions", "Relevance versus Costs", "Interaction between professionals from different specialties" and "Knowledge about the neuropsychologist's attributions". The discussion of the results points out the lack of knowledge from healthcare professionals, of the possibilities of the contribution of hospital neuropsychology as a limiting factor for the insertion of professionals in this field, as well as fragility in interprofessionality, evidenced by the deficient communication between team members. It is concluded that these findings expose the need to rethink training processes in the field of healthcare and psychology, in addition to indicate the need for further studies to explore neuropsychology fields that go beyond the traditional clinical context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Brazil, there is heterogeneity in the quality of elementary education. Thus, if the adjustment of performance in neuropsychological tests is done by the number of years of schooling, it may result in false diagnoses in older adults. To counteract this limitation, an instrument such as the Brazilian Word Accentuation Test (WAT-Br) was created with the reasoning that the pre-morbid intelligence that is measured by the test would be a more accurate comparison parameter than the level of education to detect cognitive impairment. The aim of the study was to evaluate the stability of the WAT-Br at the early stages of cognitive impairment, comparing elderly people with cognitively normal performance (NCD), mild Alzheimer's disease (mild AD) and mild cognitive impairment amnestic (MCIa) and to evaluate the test -retest. The frequency pairing technique was used, 135 individuals were classified, after clinical and neuropsychological evaluation: NCD, MCIa and mild AD. A non-dementia subsample, provided for convenience, was recruited to verify test-retest reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient. Stability of performance between the groups obtained (p = 0.603). A retest reliability test was evaluated after 12.7 (± 0.7) months, with an ICC of 0.97 (95%CI; 0.94 - 0.98). The WAT-Br presented to the early stages of cognitive impairment reaching the best diagnostic accuracy parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Panamerican Journal of Neuropsychology / Cuadernos de Neuropsicología is the property of Cuadernos de Neuropsicologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Orbitofrontal syndrome is characterized by disinhibition, impulsiveness, transgression of social norms and sometimes the development of criminal behavior. This is the case of an 18-year-old male offender incarcerated for kidnapping, rape and homicide of a minor. He was evaluated through interviews and the use of the Eysenck personality questionnaire (Form B), Raven's progressive matrices (RPM), Rey--Osterrieth complex figure (Form A), Differences perception test (FACES-R), Stroop color and word test (SCWT), Mini-Mental state examination (MMSE) and Aggression questionnaire (AGQ). The research subject showed age-appropriate speech, language and vocabulary, and had neither physical problems nor attention, language, writing, reading, praxis, calculation, perception and memory disorders. The results highlight a higher-than-average intelligence quotient, optimal cognitive skills, melancholic temperament with depressive thoughts, introverted personality with low environmental sensitivity, poor social skills, self-absorption and avoidance. Additionally, perfectionist tendencies, sudden emotional changes, difficulty changing behavioral patterns, impulsiveness and disinhibition, all of which are characteristics of orbitofrontal syndrome. Finally, the research highlights the use of psychometric tests and neuropsychological evaluations for the diagnosis of orbitofrontal syndrome. Said tests and evaluations are necessary for the proper management of offenders incarcerated in prisons and/or detention centers who do not have access to neuroimaging; moreover, they may be used to design strategic intervention programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se propone una revisión sistemática que indaga en profundidad sobre el desempeño de jóvenes que han infringido la ley en mediciones de funciones ejecutivas. Una vez revisadas más de 1500 fuentes bibliográficas, se extrajeron 64 publicaciones que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión establecidos. Se evaluó que la enorme mayoría de las investigaciones revisadas constatan déficits específicos en funcionamiento ejecutivo entre jóvenes que han infringido la ley, elemento fundamental en la comprensión del origen del comportamiento delictual y la reincidencia, así como antecedente importante sobre la capacidad de respuesta de los atendidos, en el momento de impulsar acciones interventivas en el marco de programas de medida y sanción en justicia juvenil. Junto con lo anterior, se vincularán los resultados de la síntesis cualitativa con elementos teóricos, al igual que con un abordaje práctico sobre las herramientas de medición que podrían utilizarse en países de habla hispana. Finalmente, los resultados dan cuenta de la urgencia de implementar prácticas más informadas sobre neurodiversidad, así como la necesidad de disponer de planteles profesionales efectivamente interdisciplinarios en los sistemas de justicia juvenil.