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Subjects and Methods: The study included children 6–24 months of age with CHD confirmed by echocardiography. Their mental development quotient (DMeQ) and motor development quotient (DMoQ) was calculated using DASII. Developmental delay is defined as DQ

Resumen: Introducción: Los prematuros tardíos (PT) son un subgrupo de prematuros numeroso con riesgo de déficit en el desarrollo psicomotor (DPM). Muchas alteraciones sutiles pasan desapercibidas si no se emplean herramientas adecuadas de evaluación. El cuestionario para padres Ages & Stages Questionnaires 3® (ASQ3®) parece sencillo y útil para la detección de riesgo en el DPM y está recomendado por sociedades científicas que estudian a los PT. Objetivos: Evaluar el riesgo de déficit en el DPM a los 5 años de edad en PT y compararlos con recién nacidos a término (RNAT) con ASQ3. Pacientes y métodos: Se recogieron los PT nacidos en un hospital de tercer nivel en el año 2010 y 2 RNAT del mismo sexo por cada PT. Se compararon variables de morbilidad prenatal y neonatal. A los 5 años se solicitó a sus familias (excluyendo aquellos con otros riesgos neurológicos) completar ASQ3. Se determinó el punto de corte para la puntuación total de ASQ3 que discriminará el riesgo de déficit del DPM mediante un análisis ROC. El punto de corte para determinar alteración en cada dominio se obtuvo según el manual ASQ3. Resultados: ASQ3 fue completado por 88 PT (47%) y 131 RNAT (35%). Todas las puntuaciones medias globales y por dominios fueron menores en PT, sin encontrar diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos. Siete PT tuvieron riesgo de déficit del DPM (≤ 253 puntos) frente a 4 RNAT, sin diferencia significativa. Un total de 195 PT tuvieron mayor patología materna, fetal y neonatal que RNAT (n = 390). En el análisis univariante el sexo varón y el crecimiento intrauterino restringido (CIR) fueron factores asociados al riesgo de déficit del DPM y en el multivariante solo CIR. Conclusión: El riesgo de déficit en el DPM entre PT y RNAT a los 5 años parece no evidenciarse con diferencias significativas entre ambos, siendo los valores obtenidos en el ASQ3 ligeramente inferiores en los PT. Sexo varón y CIR parecen influir negativamente en este riesgo. Abstract: Introduction: Late prematures (LP) belong to a subgroup of many premature babies with a risk of delayed psychomotor development (PMD). Many subtle changes pass unnoticed if adequate assessment tools are not used. The Ages & Stages Questionnaires 3® (ASQ3®) for parents appears simple and useful for the detection of risk of impairment of PMD, and is recommended by scientific societies that study LP. Objectives: To evaluate the risk of impaired PMD in LP at 5 years-old, and compare them with term newborns (TNB) using the ASQ3. Patients and methods: Data were collected on the LP born in a third level hospital in 2010, as well as 2 TNB of the same gender for each LP. The prenatal and postnatal morbidity variables were compared. At 5 years, their families (excluding those with other neurological risks) were asked to complete the ASQ3. The cut-off point was determined for the total score of the ASQ3 that would discriminate the risk of PMD impairment using ROC analysis. The cut-off point to determine a change in each domain was obtained according to the ASQ3 manual. Results: The ASQ3 was completed for 88 (47%) and 131 (35%) TNB. All the overall mean scores and those for domains were lower in LP, with no significant differences found between the two groups. A risk of PMD impairment (≤ 253 points) was observed in 7 LP compared to 4 TNB, with no significant difference. More maternal, foetal, and neonatal illnesses were observed in 195 LP than in the 390 TNB. In the univariate analysis, male gender and restricted uterine growth (RUG) were factors associated with a risk of PMD impairment and only RUG in the multivariate analysis. Conclusion: The risk of PMD impairment between LP and TNB at 5 years appears not to be shown, with no significant differences between both, and with the values obtained in the ASQ3 being slightly lower in the LP. Male gender and RUG negatively influence this risk.

Compromised neurodevelopment (ND) among infants and children is prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa. Standardized testing of ND is frequently prohibitive in these contexts, as tests require skilled staff for their application. In this paper, we present a quality assurance (QA) model (QualiND) for standardized ND testing, discussing findings and implications from our experience applying the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children second edition (KABC-II). The QualiND model was implemented within IMPAACT P1104s study, a multisite, prospective study including 615 children affected by HIV. From 2014 to 2016, the QualiND managed 18 testers across 6 sites located in 4 African countries applying the KABC-II in 9 local languages. The QualiND is a multilevel, video-assisted iterative model incorporating remote evaluation, feedback, and supervision roles. Using an ad hoc rubric, videos of test application were evaluated by experienced staff in a centralized QA center. At each study site, testers and supervisors reviewed feedback from videos received via email from the QA center and devised an action plan to address testing errors and deficiencies. There were few instances of invalid tests and few barriers to test completion. Over 97% of KABC-II tests across sites were considered to be valid by the QA center. Overall, the QualiND model was a useful platform for remote supervision to nonspecialist and minimally trained research staff. The QualiND model may be useful to researchers and organizations involved in measuring early child development using standardized tests in low and middle-income countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To compare changes in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in neonatal meningitis using serial diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Method: Thirty neonates with meningitis and 12 age/sex-matched controls were studied using DWI. ADC was quantified by placing region of interest(s) on periventricular white matter during acute illness and again at 21 days. Three groups of patients were studied: those with normal findings on both conventional MRI and DWI, those with abnormal DWI only and those with abnormal conventional MRI as well as DWI. Neurodevelopment assessment was performed in controls and patients at 3 months using Indian adaptation of Bayley scales of infant development (BSID) kit. Results: Patients with neonatal meningitis with normal imaging (n = 8) showed no significant difference in ADC compared to controls. Patients showing abnormality only on DWI (n = 10) and on both conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as well as DWI (n = 12) had significantly reduced ADC (p = 0.001) than controls at baseline study. Follow-up study showed no significant differences in ADC in controls compared to any patient group. Significantly reduced neurodevelopmental scores were observed in patient groups compared to controls. Conclusion: We conclude that quantitative ADC may detect meningitis-induced hypoxia early in brain parenchyma, which may be associated with abnormal motor and mental development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neurodevelopmental disorders are a heterogeneous group of conditions with overlapping symptomatology and fluctuating developmental trajectories that transcend current diagnostic categorisation. There is a need for validated screening instruments which dimensionally assess symptomatology from a holistic, transdiagnostic perspective. The primary aim is to co-design a Neurodevelopment Assessment Scale (NAS), a user-friendly transdiagnostic assessment inventory that systematically screens for all signs and symptoms commonly encountered in neurodevelopmental disorders. Our first objective is to undertake development of this tool, utilising co-design principles in partnership with stakeholders, including both those with lived experience of neurodevelopmental disorders and service providers. Our second objective is to evaluate the face validity, as well as the perceived utility, user-friendliness, suitability, and acceptability (i.e., 'social validity'), of the NAS from the perspective of parents/caregivers and adults with neurodevelopmental disorders, clinicians, and service providers. Our third objective is to ascertain the psychometric properties of the NAS, including content validity and convergent validity. The NAS will provide an efficient transdiagnostic tool for evaluating all relevant signs, symptoms, and the dimensional constructs that underpin neurodevelopmental presentations. It is anticipated that this will maximise outcomes by enabling the delivery of personalised care tailored to an individual's unique profile in a holistic and efficient manner.

Introduction: Late prematures (LP) belong to a subgroup of many premature babies with a risk of delayed psychomotor development (PMD). Many subtle changes pass unnoticed if adequate assessment tools are not used. The Ages & Stages Questionnaires 3® (ASQ3®) for parents appears simple and useful for the detection of risk of impairment of PMD, and is recommended by scientific societies that study LP., Objectives: To evaluate the risk of impaired PMD in LP at 5years-old, and compare them with term newborns (TNB) using the ASQ3., Patients and Methods: Data were collected on the LP born in a third level hospital in 2010, as well as 2TNB of the same gender for each LP. The prenatal and postnatal morbidity variables were compared. At 5years, their families (excluding those with other neurological risks) were asked to complete the ASQ3. The cut-off point was determined for the total score of the ASQ3 that would discriminate the risk of PMD impairment using ROC analysis. The cut-off point to determine a change in each domain was obtained according to the ASQ3 manual., Results: The ASQ3 was completed for 88 (47%) and 131 (35%) TNB. All the overall mean scores and those for domains were lower in LP, with no significant differences found between the two groups. A risk of PMD impairment (≤253 points) was observed in 7LP compared to 4TNB, with no significant difference. More maternal, foetal, and neonatal illnesses were observed in 195LP than in the 390TNB. In the univariate analysis, male gender and restricted uterine growth (RUG) were factors associated with a risk of PMD impairment and only RUG in the multivariate analysis., Conclusion: The risk of PMD impairment between LP and TNB at 5years appears not to be shown, with no significant differences between both, and with the values obtained in the ASQ3 being slightly lower in the LP. Male gender and RUG negatively influence this risk., (Copyright © 2020 Asociación Española de Pediatría. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)