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Newborns who do not reach a weight appropriate for their gestational age and sex can be classified in different ways. This article defines the concepts of small for gestational age (SGA) and intrauterine growth restriction, as well as the underlying causes of these conditions, with the goal of establishing consensus definitions for these patients, in whom treatment with growth hormone throughout childhood may be indicated and who may be at risk of developing endocrine or metabolic disorders in puberty and adulthood. Most SGA children experience spontaneous catch-up growth that is usually completed by age 2 years. In SGA children who remain short, treatment with recombinant human growth hormone is effective, increasing adult height. Small for gestational age infants with rapid catch-up growth and marked weight gain are at increased risk of premature adrenarche, early puberty, polycystic ovary syndrome (girls), insulin resistance and obesity, all of which are risk factors for type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome in adulthood. The SGA status can affect different areas of neurodevelopment and manifest at different stages in life; neurodevelopmental outcomes are better in SGA infants with spontaneous catch-up growth. Due to the potential risks associated with SGA, adequate characterization of these patients at birth is imperative, as it allows initiation of appropriate follow-up and early detection of abnormalities. Resumen: Los recién nacidos que no alcanzan un peso acorde con su edad gestacional y sexo se pueden clasificar de distintos modos. En este artículo se definen los conceptos de pequeño para la edad gestacional (PEG) y crecimiento intrauterino reducido, así como las causas que las determinan con el objetivo de consensuar las definiciones en este tipo de pacientes que puedan ser susceptibles de tratamiento con hormona de crecimiento a lo largo de su infancia, así como de desarrollar patología endocrinológica en la pubertad y edad adulta. La mayoría de los niños PEG experimentan un crecimiento recuperador espontáneo que suele completarse a los dos años. En los PEG que no lo realizan, el tratamiento con hormona de crecimiento humana recombinante es efectivo, aumentando su talla adulta. Los PEG con crecimiento recuperador rápido y marcado en peso tienen mayor riesgo de desarrollar adrenarquia precoz, pubertad adelantada, síndrome del ovario poliquístico (niñas), resistencia a la insulina, y obesidad; predisponiendo al desarrollo de diabetes tipo 2 y síndrome metabólico en la edad adulta. La condición de PEG puede afectar diferentes áreas del neurodesarrollo y manifestarse éstas en diferentes etapas de la vida; los PEG con crecimiento recuperador espontáneo tienen mejor pronóstico neurológico. Los posibles riesgos descritos asociados a la condición de PEG hacen imperativo la adecuada caracterización de estos pacientes al nacimiento, que permitirá su seguimiento prospectivo y la detección precoz de alteraciones.

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Copyright of Medicina (Buenos Aires) is the property of Medicina (Buenos Aires) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Medicina (Buenos Aires) is the property of Medicina (Buenos Aires) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Children with epilepsy present greater prevalence of sleep disorders than the general population. Their diagnosis is essential, since epilepsy and sleep disorders have a bidirectional relationship. Objective: Determine the incidence of sleep disorders and poor sleep habits in children with epilepsy. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of patients under 18 years of age with epilepsy, assessing sleep disorders using the Spanish-language version of the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC), and sleep habits using an original questionnaire. Results: The sample included 153 patients. Eighty-four percent of our sample presented some type of sleep alteration. The most frequent alterations were sleep-wake transition disorders (53%), sleep initiation and maintenance disorders (47.7%), and daytime sleepiness (44.4%). In 70% of cases, the patients’ parents reported that their child “slept well,” although sleep disorders were detected in up to 75.7% of these patients. Many patients had poor sleep habits, such as using electronic devices in bed (16.3%), requiring the presence of a family member to fall asleep (39%), or co-sleeping or sharing a room (23.5% and 30.5%, respectively). Those with generalised epilepsy, refractory epilepsy, nocturnal seizures, and intellectual disability were more likely to present sleep disorders. In contrast, poor sleep habits were frequent regardless of seizure characteristics. Conclusions: Sleep disorders and poor sleep habits are common in children with epilepsy. Their treatment can lead to an improvement in the quality of life of the patient and his/her family, as well as an improvement in the prognosis of epilepsy. Resumen: Introducción: Los niños con epilepsia tienen más trastornos del sueño (TS) que la población sana. Es fundamental su diagnóstico, ya que la epilepsia y los TS tienen una relación bidireccional. Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia de TS y malos hábitos de sueño en niños con epilepsia. Método: Estudio transversal de pacientes menores de 18 años con epilepsia sobre TS, mediante la versión española de Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC), y sobre hábitos de sueño, mediante cuestionario de elaboración propia. Resultados: La muestra incluyó 153 pacientes. El 84% de la población estudiada presentaba alterado algún aspecto del sueño. Lo más frecuente fueron las alteraciones en la transición sueño-vigilia (53%), en el inicio-mantenimiento del sueño (47.7%) y la somnolencia diurna (44.4%). Un 70% de los padres de los pacientes referían que su hijo “dormía bien”, pero en este grupo se detectaron TS hasta en el 75.7%. Muchos de los pacientes tenían hábitos de sueño poco saludables, como dormirse con dispositivos electrónicos (16.3%), precisar presencia familiar para dormirse (39%) o dormir en colecho o cohabitación (23,5% y 30,5% respectivamente). Aquellos con epilepsias generalizadas, refractarias, crisis nocturnas y discapacidad intelectual presentaron mayor probabilidad de presentar TS. En cambio, los malos hábitos de sueño fueron frecuentes independientemente de las características de la epilepsia. Conclusiones: Los TS y los malos hábitos de sueño son frecuentes en niños con epilepsia. Su tratamiento puede conllevar una mejoría en la calidad de vida del paciente y su familia, así como una mejoría en el pronóstico de la epilepsia.

Introducción: el trastorno de espectro autista, es un trastorno del neuro desarrollo, de diagnóstico interdisciplinario, que afecta las esferas socio comunicacionales, con alteraciones comportamentales repetitivas y estereotipadas, con un amplio espectro de formas de presentación al análisis clínico superficial, lo cual dificulta el diagnóstico precoz en las presentaciones clínicas menos comunes o atípicas. El diagnóstico en el sexo femenino suele realizarse de manera más tardía que con los varones. Presentación de caso: niña de 7 años y 3 meses de edad, derivada de consulta psicológica privada. Consideraciones finales: el TEA es un trastorno del neurodesarrollo potencialmente severo, de alta prevalencia, con significativas implicaciones en la calidad de vida de los pacientes y sus familias, las presentaciones en niñas se muestran tanto en menor medida como con fenotipos comportamentales distintos y variados.

Introduction: The current neurodevelopmental status of patients with neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) in Spain is unknown. Recent European studies highlight a shift of severe pathology towards mild motor disorders and emotional problems. The aim of this study was to analyse neurodevelopmental outcomes in a cohort of neonates with HIE at age 3 years. Patients and method: Multicentre observational study of neonates born at 35 or more weeks of gestation with moderate to severe HIE in 2011–2013 in 12 hospitals in a large Spanish region (91 217 m2), with the recruitment extended through 2017 in the coordinating hospital. We analysed the findings of neonatal neuroimaging and neurodevelopmental test scores at 3 years (Bayley-III, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test and Child Behavior Checklist). The sample included 79 controls with no history of perinatal asphyxia. Results: Sixty-three patients were recruited, of whom 5 (7.9%) were excluded due to other pathology and 14 (24%) died. Of the 44 survivors, 42 (95.5%) were evaluated. Of these 42, 10 (24%) had adverse outcomes (visual or hearing impairment, epilepsy, cerebral palsy or developmental delay). Other detected problems were minor neurological signs in 6 of the 42 (14%) and a higher incidence of emotional problems compared to controls: introversion (10.5% vs. 1.3%), anxiety (34.2% vs. 11.7%) and depression (28.9% vs. 7.8%) (P < .05). The severity of the lesions on neuroimaging was significantly higher in patients with motor impairment (P = .004) or who died or had an adverse outcome (P = .027). Conclusion: In addition to classical sequelae, the followup of patients with neonatal HIE should include the diagnosis and treatment of minor motor disorders and social and emotional problems. Resumen: Introducción: El neurodesarrollo actual de pacientes con encefalopatía hipóxico-isquémica (EHI) neonatal en España se desconoce. Recientes estudios europeos destacan el desplazamiento de la patología grave hacia trastornos motores leves y problemas emocionales. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el estado neuroevolutivo integral a los 3 años de una cohorte de neonatos con EHI. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio observacional multicéntrico de neonatos ≥35 semanas de edad gestacional con EHI moderada-grave nacidos entre 2011–2013 en 12 hospitales de una extensa región española (91.217 m2) y ampliado hasta 2017 en el hospital coordinador. Se evaluaron los estudios de neuroimagen neonatal y del neurodesarrollo a los 3 años mediante Bayley-III, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test y Child Behaviour Checklist. Se incluyeron 79 controles sin asfixia perinatal. Resultados: Se reclutaron 63 pacientes de los cuales 5/63 (7,9%) se excluyeron por presentar otra patología; 14/58 (24%) fallecieron. De los 44 supervivientes, 42/44 (95,5%) fueron evaluados. De ellos; 10/42 (24%) presentaron evolución adversa (alteraciones visuales o auditivas, epilepsia, parálisis cerebral o retraso del desarrollo). Adicionalmente se detectaron otras alteraciones: trastorno motor mínimo en 6/42 (14%) y más problemas de introversión (10,5% vs. 1,3%), ansiedad (34,2% vs. 11,7%) y depresión (28,9% vs. 7,8%) que los controles (p < 0,05). La gravedad de las lesiones en neuroimagen fue significativamente mayor en pacientes con trastorno motor (p = 0,004) y muerte o evolución adversa (p = 0,027) Conclusiones: Además de las secuelas clásicas, el seguimiento de los pacientes con EHI neonatal debería incluir el diagnóstico y manejo de trastornos motores mínimos y problemas emocionales.

El presente artículo tuvo como objetivo conocer los elementos presentes en el desarrollo de la lectoescritura en niños de la etapa de Educación Inicial. La metodología empleada fue enmarcada en un diseño documental, por lo que se hizo la revisión de estudios especializados en el ámbito de la etapa de educación preescolar, teorías psicológicas que permiten describir el aprendizaje en ese nivel. Los hallazgos refieren que el proceso de desarrollo de las habilidades básicas de lectura como velocidad al leer y la comprensión de los textos leídos, se vincula con la fluidez en la destreza de toma de dictados, que se ubicó en un nivel mayor que el de la comprensión y escritura de la lectura de frases. Se logró verificar que parte fundamental del desarrollo de los niños radica en el reconocimiento fonológico, para que de esa forma puedan redactar comprensiblemente las palabras y frases.

Introduction: At present, neurodevelopmental abnormalities are the most frequent type of complication in school-aged children with congenital heart disease (CHD). We analysed the incidence of acute neurologic events (ANEs) in patients with operated CHD and the usefulness of neuromarkers for the prediction of neurodevelopment outcomes. Methods: Prospective observational study in infants with a prenatal diagnosis of CHD who underwent cardiac surgery in the first year of life. We assessed the following variables: (1) serum biomarkers of brain injury (S100B, neuron-specific enolase) in cord blood and preoperative blood samples; (2) clinical and laboratory data from the immediate postnatal and perioperative periods; (3) treatments and complications; (4) neurodevelopment (Bayley-III scale) at age 2 years. Results: the study included 84 infants with a prenatal diagnosis of CHD who underwent cardiac surgery in the first year of life. Seventeen had univentricular heart, 20 left ventricular outflow obstruction and 10 genetic syndromes. The postoperative mortality was 5.9% (5/84) and 10.7% (9/84) patients experienced ANEs. The mean overall Bayley-III scores were within the normal range, but 31% of patients had abnormal scores in the cognitive, motor or language domains. Patients with genetic syndromes, ANEs and univentricular heart had poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes. Elevation of S100B in the immediate postoperative period was associated with poorer scores. Conclusions: children with a history of cardiac surgery for CHD in the first year of life are at risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Patients with genetic syndromes, ANEs or univentricular heart had poorer outcomes. Postoperative ANEs may contribute to poorer outcomes. Elevation of S100B levels in the postoperative period was associated with poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 years. Studies with larger samples and longer follow-ups are needed to define the role of these biomarkers of brain injury in the prediction of neurodevelopmental outcomes in patients who undergo surgery for management of CHD. Resumen: Introducción: En la actualidad, las alteraciones del neurodesarrollo son la complicación más frecuente en pacientes con cardiopatía congénita (CC) en edad escolar. Analizamos la incidencia de eventos neurológicos agudos (ENA) en pacientes con CC sometidos a cirugía cardiaca y la utilidad de los neuromarcadores para predecir el neurodesarrollo. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo observacional en recién nacidos (RN) con CC diagnosticada prenatalmente sometidos a cirugía el primer año de vida. Se evaluaron: 1) biomarcadores sanguíneos de lesión cerebral (S100B, enolasa neuronal específica) en sangre de cordón y periquirúrgicos; 2) datos clínicos y analíticos perinatales y periquirúrgicos; 3) tratamientos y complicaciones; 4) neurodesarrollo (Escala Bayley III) a los dos años. Resultados: Se incluyeron 84 RN con CC de diagnóstico fetal, confirmada postnatalmente, sometidos a cirugía cardiaca en el primer año de vida. 17 pacientes tenían corazón univentricular, 20 pacientes obstrucción izquierda y 10 síndromes genéticos. Fallecieron en el periodo postquirúrgico 5 pacientes (5,9%) y 9 pacientes presentaron ENA (10,7%). Las puntuaciones medias en el test de Bayley III fueron normales pero el 31% tuvieron alteración cognitiva, motora o en el lenguaje. Los pacientes con síndromes genéticos, ENA y CC univentriculares tuvieron peor neurodesarrollo. La elevación de S100B en el postoperatorio inmediato se correlacionó con peores puntuaciones. Conclusiones: Los pacientes con CC sometidos a cirugía tienen mayor riesgo de sufrir alteraciones del neurodesarrollo. Los pacientes con síndromes genéticos o corazones univentriculares presentan peores resultados. Presentar ENA postquirúrgico puede contribuir a peores resultados. Niveles de s100B elevados en el postoperatorio se correlacionan con peores resultados en los tests de neurodesarrollo a los dos años. Series con más pacientes y con seguimiento a largo plazo nos ayudarán a definir el papel de estos biomarcadores de lesión cerebral en la predicción del neurodesarrollo en pacientes sometidos a cirugía de CC.

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Background: Early detection of suspected neurodevelopmental delay allows for timely diagnosis and appropriate intervention, for which numerous screening tests have been developed. However, most are complex and impractical for health-care workers at the community level. This study aimed to validate the KARVI scale in the neurodevelopment assessment of children under 1 year of age. Methods: We conducted an observational, longitudinal, comparative, inferential, and prospective study. Healthy children without risk factors for developing neurodevelopmental delay from 0 to 12 months of age were evaluated remotely using the Zoom® application. The Child Development Evaluation Test and the KARVI scale were applied once a month for four consecutive months. Results: Fifty individuals were analyzed, with a predominance of males in 52%. Adequate percentages for a screening test were obtained in the first evaluation with a sensitivity of 70% (confidence interval [CI] 95% 34.75-93.33) and a specificity of 75% (CI 95% 58.8-87.31), and in the fourth evaluation with a sensitivity of 100% (CI 95% 29.4-100) and a specificity of 78.72% (CI 95% 64.34-89.3), being significant in both evaluations (p = 0.007 and p = 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: The KARVI scale has the elements to be an effective screening test for suspected neurodevelopmental delay, but more extensive studies are needed to obtain more reliable results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Medicas de La Habana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Theory of Mind (ToM) is the ability to attribute mental or emotional states to others and to oneself. The development of this process is highly associated with family structure and dynamics. There are scarce studies about the role of the family in the functioning of ToM in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study aimed to establish the association between family structure and ToM functioning in children with ADHD. A group of 63 children with ADHD and 63 children with Typical Development (TD) were included, all of them in school and aged between 7 and 12 years old. To assess ToM, a battery based on false belief tasks, the Reading the Mind in the Eyes test, and the faux pas test were used. Linear regression models were used for data analysis. The position and number of siblings were predictors of advanced ToM in children with ADHD, while living with siblings was the predictor of basic ToM in children with TD. The relevance of the family for the functioning of ToM is confirmed both for children with ADHD and for children with typical development. Likewise, it was determined that the interaction with siblings, and not with parents, has the most significant effect on ToM [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Panamerican Journal of Neuropsychology / Cuadernos de Neuropsicología is the property of Cuadernos de Neuropsicologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The etiology of schizophrenia is not fully elucidated. More than 100 different gene loci related to schizophrenia are known, most of which encode molecules associated with neurotransmitter systems or neurodevelopment. These include receptors for neurotransmitters such as dopamine, GABA, or glutamate, as well as other neurotransmitters with less direct relevance, such as serotonin and acetylcholine. Various enzymes involved in metabolism, cotransporters, and intracellular proteins involved in the degradation or synthesis of said neurotransmitters are also implicated. Among the molecules involved in neurodevelopment are neurotrophic factors (BDNF, DISC1, NRG1) and complement proteins C3 and C4, which mediate the inflammatory response and synaptic pruning during early development. The genetic products involved in the etiology of schizophrenia contribute to selective vulnerability or the process of injury that is established or progresses in the patient. Therefore, their study is relevant to the understanding of the clinical phenomena associated with the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este articulo presenta un videojuego formativo desarrollado dentro de una investigación en la Universidad Pontifica Bolivariana en el año 2021 que ayuda a mantener la atención por periodos prolongados en terapias de personas con trastorno en marcha por problemas de neurodesarrollo referentes al gesto natural como son: tiempo, número de paradas realizadas durante el intervalo de tiempo, velocidades angulares de cada pie correspondientes a cada eje y aceleración. La investigación tiene un alcance exploratorio descriptivo y el desarrollo del videojuego siguió el proceso unificado racional y fue implementado en Unity 3D para generar un ambiente audiovisual con escenarios, personajes, efectos, interfaces, entre otros. El videojuego fue validado mediante pruebas con personas sin trastornos de marcha y con niños que si tienen problemas referentes al neurodesarrollo. Actualmente, el videojuego es usado en un centro de rehabilitación en Bucaramanga, Colombia.

La investigación surge a partir de una problemática de un área de salud de Santa Clara, específicamente la Sala de Rehabilitación Integral del Policlínico Marta Abreu, donde con frecuencia se evalúan niños del primer año de vida con retardo en el desarrollo psicomotor que son hijos en un 85 %, de madres que presentan diagnóstico de discapacidad intelectual. Al realizar los estudios de maestría en el Programa “Atención educativa a la diversidad” nos apropiamos de herramientas necesarias para orientar a estas madres sobre el neurodesarrollo en sus hijos. La aplicación de métodos teóricos (analítico-sintético; inductivo-deductivo, histórico-lógico) y empíricos (observación; entrevistas y análisis de documentos), permitió determinar las potencialidades y necesidades de la muestra y proponer una estrategia educativa que contribuya a la orientación de estas madres; dicha estrategia se estructura en acciones que se corresponden con los logros del neurodesarrollo que deben adquirir los niños durante el primer año de vida.

Para determinar los efectos de la corioamnionitis histológica en el neurodesarrollo de los prematuros menores de 34 semanas evaluados a los 2 años de edad corregida. Se realizó un estudio secundario, de casos y controles. Fueron analizados los datos clínicos, hallazgos histológicos de la placenta e índices del desarrollo medidos por la Escala Bayley III de 38 niños expuestos y 53 niños no expuestos. Las infecciones genitourinarias de la madre y la sepsis precoz fueron más frecuentes en el grupo expuesto (p

Introducción: Los pacientes con Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) presentan gran heterogeneidad clínica debido a sus comorbilidades (Berrillo et al., 2018), la más frecuente es la epilepsia (Uzcátegui y Moreno, 2021), con mayor prevalencia de actividad epileptiforme en los electroencefalogramas (EEG) que en los niños neurotípicos. Objetivo: correlacionar los hallazgos electroencefalográficos digitales y las características clínicas de los TEA que acuden a la consulta de neuropediatría en diferentes instituciones sanitarias de Mérida-Venezuela durante el año 2020-2021. Metodología: se realizó un estudio de tipo cuantitativo, correlacional y transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 62 sujetos con clínica de TEA con reporte de EEG digital. Resultados: los niños con TEA presentan DSC no necesariamente relacionada con: comorbilidad presente, grado o nivel de autismo, área del desarrollo comprometida y variables educativas (repitencia escolar, rendimiento académico, entre otras). Conclusión: El EEG es un estudio neurofisiológico importante para la valoración de la actividad bioeléctrica cerebral de los TEA, ya que permite identificar DSC con presencia o ausencia de comorbilidad, específicamente, con o sin epilepsia. Introduction: Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) present great clinical heterogeneity due to their comorbidities (Berrillo et al., 2018), the most frequent is epilepsy (Uzcátegui y Moreno, 2021), with a higher prevalence of epileptiform activity in electroencephalograms (EEG) than in neurotypical children. Objective: to correlate the digital electroencephalographic findings and the clinical characteristics of ASDs who attend the neuropediatrics consultation in different health institutions in Mérida-Venezuela during the year 2020-2021. Methodology: a quantitative, correlational and cross-sectional study was carried out. The sample consisted of 62 subjects with ASD symptoms with a digital EEG report. Results: children with ASD present CSD not necessarily related to: present comorbidity, degree or level of autism, compromised area of development and educational variables (school repetition, academic performance, among others). Conclusion: The EEG is an important neurophysiological study for the evaluation of brain bioelectrical activity in ASD, since it allows the identification of CSD with the presence or absence of comorbidity, specifically, with or without epilepsy.

Durante la infancia temprana ocurren procesos cerebrales que son fundamentales para el desarrollo en las siguientes etapas, además, puede verse afectada por factores de riesgo de daño cerebral tanto de origen biológico como ambiental. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el valor predictivo de las variables acumulación de factores de riesgo de daño cerebral y bienestar psicológico del cuidador principal, sobre las variables relacionadas con el neurodesarrollo: comunicación, resolución de problemas, motricidad fina y gruesa, y desarrollo social, en una muestra de 63 díadas conformadas por infantes y cuidadores, procedentes de regiones rurales de Mexicali. Los resultados de los análisis de regresión múltiple jerárquica mostraron que la comunicación, la resolución de problemas y la adquisición de habilidades sociales pueden ser predichas por el bienestar psicológico de los cuidadores, mientras que el desarrollo motor no fue explicado por ninguna de las variables. Los hallazgos son consistentes con estudios que han señalado la relevancia de la salud mental de los cuidadores para el desarrollo temprano.

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Copyright of Revista Hojas y Hablas is the property of Fundacion Universitaria Monserrate - Unimonserrate and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Psychology (UNLP) / Revista de Psicología (UNLP) is the property of Facultad de Psicologia Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introducción: la evaluación del neurodesarrollo en la edad pediátrica es una herramienta útil para determinar precozmente alteraciones en las áreas del lenguaje, del motor fino-grueso y personal-social. Objetivo: evaluar el desarrollo psicomotor en una población de niños sanos menores de seis años del Municipio de Santa Clara. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, longitudinal, prospectivo realizado entre abril de 2017 y marzo de 2018 en el Municipio de Santa Clara. El universo de estudio fueron 17 953 niños pertenecientes a las seis áreas de salud del municipio y la muestra quedó formada por 16 791, los que cumplieron con los criterios de no padecer ningún tipo de discapacidad o enfermedad durante el período de estudio y tener menos de seis años de edad. Se estudiaron variables como edad decimal, sexo, área del neurodesarrollo analizada y evaluación del neurodesarrollo. Resultados: el 49,24% fueron del sexo femenino y el 50,76% del masculino. Las edades que más aportaron a la muestra analizada fueron los menores de un año (15,02%) y los mayores de cinco (15,06%). Resultaron tener un desarrollo psicomotor normal el 44,10%, mientras que 29,55% presentaron un desarrollo alto y el 26,35% mostraron estar por debajo de lo esperado. Conclusión: la evaluación del desarrollo psicomotor de los niños sanos del Municipio de Santa Clara demostró que estos cumplen o sobrecumplen, en un gran por ciento, con las pautas establecidas para sus edades; solo hubo desviaciones negativas en 4 424 infantes.

Introducción: el trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) se caracteriza por la triada de Wing, alteración en la comunicación, interacción social y flexibilidad e imaginación (OMS, 2019, Uzcátegui y Moreno, 2021). Objetivo: describir los principales hallazgos de los electroencefalogramas (EEG) digitales de los TEA que acudieron a la consulta de neuropediatría en diferentes instituciones sanitarias de Mérida-Venezuela durante el año 2020-2021. Metodología: se realizó un estudio de tipo cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 109 sujetos mayores de 2 años y menores de 16 años que presentaban clínica de TEA. Resultados: la anormalidad que fue más frecuentemente encontrada fueron los paroxismos focales 32 (70%) específicos 31 (68,88%) bilaterales 19 (42,22%). Los EEG digitales son una herramienta fundamental al momento de valorar la actividad bioeléctrica cerebral en los TEA, aunque no existe un patrón único asociado a estos, se observan cambios variables dependiendo de la variabilidad del espectro. Conclusión: entre los hallazgos del EEG digital más frecuente en los TEA se encuentra relacionada con la actividad epileptiforme, no constituyendo un patrón único, dependiendo de muchos factores, entre estos la edad y la variabilidad en el espectro de TEA que presente el niño. Introduction: autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by Wing's triad, impaired communication, social interaction, and flexibility and imagination (WHO, 2019, Uzcátegui and Moreno, 2021). Objective: describe the main findings of the digital electroencephalograms (EEG) of the ASD who attended the neuropediatrics consultation in different health institutions of Mérida-Venezuela during the year 2020-2021. Methodology: a quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out. The sample consisted of 109 subjects older than 2 years and younger than 16 years who presented clinical symptoms of ASD. Results: the most frequently found abnormality was focal paroxysms 32 (70%) specific 31 (68.88%) bilateral 19 (42.22%). Digital EEGs are a fundamental tool when assessing brain bioelectric activity in ASDs, although there is no single pattern associated with these, variable changes are observed depending on the variability of the spectrum. Conclusion: among the most frequent digital EEG findings in ASD, it is related to epileptiform activity, not constituting a single pattern, depending on many factors, including age and variability in the spectrum of ASD that the child presents.

Objetivo. Determinar el efecto de un programa de enfermería sobre los cuidados centrados en el desarrollo (neurodesarrollo) del recién nacido prematuro (RNPT) en el servicio de cuidados intensivos neonatal del Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal (INMP) 2021. Materiales y Métodos. Investigación preexperimental, nivel aplicativo y enfoque cuantitativo, población enfermeras asistenciales del servicio de cuidados intensivos neonatal del INMP, muestra constituida por 26 enfermeras. Las técnicas empleadas fueron la observación y la encuesta y dos instrumentos, lista de chequeo (KR 0.792) y escala de Likert (Alfa de Crombach 0.917), aplicados en 2 fases antes y después del programa de intervención. Los datos recolectados fueron procesados con el programa SPSS y para medir el efecto del programa de intervención se empleó la prueba de Mc Nemar. El estudio fue autorizado por la unidad funcional de investigación del Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal. Resultados. Existe diferencia en las prácticas sobre los cuidados centrados en el desarrollo del RNPT aplicados por las enfermeras del servicio de cuidados intensivos neonatal del INMP, evidenciado por un p=0.031 (p

Introduction: Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus in pregnant women that can cause neurological conditions in their children. The aim of this study was to describe the neurodevelopment of 104 children with prenatal exposure to ZIKV, during the first 18 months of life. Material and methods: the patients were evaluated by neurological examination and the application of the Bayley III scale. Infection in mothers was confirmed with ZIKV NS1 IgG. Results: thirty-nine patients with neurodevelopmental delay (37.5%) and 17 patients with microcephaly (16.3%) were identified. Ocular abnormalities were detected in 25 (24%) patients, including involvement of the optic nerve, the retina, as well as the extraocular muscles. Conclusion: children of mothers with ZIKV infection during pregnancy have a high frequency of neurodevelopmental abnormalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Peruana de Investigación Materno Perinatal is the property of Peruvian Journal of Maternal Perinatal Research / Revista Peruana de Investigacion Materno Perinatal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gaceta Médica de Caracas is the property of Academia Nacional de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Complications of prematurity are the main causes of suffering some type of disability until death, this presents with a high health risk at the neurological level in the long term. Objective: To analyze the impact on the associated complications on neurodevelopment in preterm infants until reaching the equivalent of term. Methodology: As for the process, it will be carried out following the recommendations established in the PRISMA declaration, it will also work with Scopus, Pubmed and Web of Science databases, the period of the publications will be from 2016 to 2021, obtaining 13 articles for their respective analysis. Results: In short, this methodology will allow us to obtain an idea about the impact in relation to complications in prematurity at the neurodevelopmental level, however, the challenge of this article is to obtain recent findings related to neurological changes associated with prematurity and its impact on possible disabilities. Conclusion: This is an area that deserves a stronger research approach to identify the modifiable factors that shape the development of these very vulnerable preterm infants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Medicina (Buenos Aires) is the property of Medicina (Buenos Aires) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Medicina (Buenos Aires) is the property of Medicina (Buenos Aires) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Medicina (Buenos Aires) is the property of Medicina (Buenos Aires) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Children with congenital heart disease have neurodevelopment issues very often. Usually they come to light when the child starts elementary school. It was believed for a long time that the complex cyanotic heart defects were the only ones that caused learning disabilities. In this paper we analize all the variables that have repercussion in a child that is born with congenital heart disease. Medical evidence presents the counterpart and makes a statement around the need for a multidisciplinary team with these patients and their families. Heart patients must be treated and helped by several type of health profesionals, besides medical and physical attendance there must be neuropsychological evaluations that parents and teachers require to support academically in their learning in order to develop their abilities to the top of their competences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: the evaluation of neurodevelopment in the pediatric age is a useful tool to determine early alterations in the language, fine gross motor and personal-social areas. Objective: to evaluate psychomotor development in a population of healthy children under six years of age in the Municipality of Santa Clara. Methods: descriptive, longitudinal, prospective study conducted between April 2017 and March 2018 in the Municipality of Santa Clara. The study universe was 17 953 children belonging to the six health areas of the municipality and the sample consisted of 16 791, those who fulfilled the criteria of not suffering from any type of disability or disease during the study period and being under six years of age. Variables such as decimal age, sex, neurodevelopmental area analyzed and neurodevelopmental assessment were studied. Results: 49.24% were female and 50.76% male. The ages that contributed most to the analyzed sample were those under one year old (15.02%) and those over five years old (15.06%). A normal psychomotor development was found in 44.10%, while 29.55% showed a high development and 26.35% were below the expected. Conclusion: the evaluation of the psychomotor development of the healthy children of the Municipality of Santa Clara showed that they comply or overcomply, in a great percentage, with the established guidelines for their ages; there were only negative deviations in 4,424 infants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Médica Clínica Las Condes is the property of Editorial Sanchez y Barcelo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Médica Clínica Las Condes is the property of Editorial Sanchez y Barcelo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)