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1. Differential Brain, Cognitive and Motor Profiles Associated with Partial Trisomy. Modeling Down Syndrome in Mice

Author: Adeline Ghata, Pierre L. Roubertoux, Pierre Cau, Julie di Christofaro, Michèle Carlier, Catherine Bartoli, Nathalie Baril, Christophe Scajola, Patrice Bourgeois, Sylvie Tordjman, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle (GMGF), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Neurobiologie intégrative et adaptative (NIA), Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de génétique médicale [Hôpital de la Timone - APHM], Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire [Hôpital de la Timone - APHM], Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Anthropologie bio-culturelle, Droit, Ethique et Santé (ADES), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-EFS ALPES MEDITERRANEE-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-Centre Hospitalier Guillaume Régnier [Rennes]-CHS (Centre Hospitalier Spécialisé lutte Maladies Mentales), Laboratoire de psychologie cognitive (LPC), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle ( GMGF ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille ( APHM ) - Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] ( TIMONE ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Neurobiologie intégrative et adaptative ( NIA ), Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille ( APHM ) - Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] ( TIMONE ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille ( APHM ) - Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] ( TIMONE ), Anthropologie bio-culturelle, Droit, Ethique et Santé ( ADES ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -EFS ALPES MEDITERRANEE-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de psychologie cognitive ( LPC ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Cerebellum, Down syndrome, Trisomy 21, Hippocampus, [ SCCO.PSYC ] Cognitive science/Psychology, Motor Activity, Biology, Protein–protein interactions, Effect size, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cognition, Genetics, medicine, Homologous chromosome, Animals, Humans, Maze Learning, Episodic memory, Genetics (clinical), Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Working memory, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, [ SDV.GEN.GA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, medicine.disease, Mice, Mutant Strains, Mice, Inbred C57BL, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, [ SCCO.NEUR ] Cognitive science/Neuroscience, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, D21S17-ETS2 region, Down Syndrome, Trisomy, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, MRI
Abstract: International audience; We hypothesize that the trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) is the additive and interactive outcome of the triple copy of different regions of HSA21. Because of the small number of patients with partial trisomy 21, we addressed the question in the Mouse in which three chromosomal regions located on MMU10, MMU17 and MMU16 carries almost all the HSA21 homologs. Male mice from four segmental trisomic strains covering the D21S17-ETS2 (syntenic to MMU16) were examined with an exhaustive battery of cognitive tests, motor tasks and MRI and compared with TS65Dn that encompasses D21S17-ETS2. None of the four strains gather all the impairments (measured by the effect size) of TS65Dn strain. The 152F7 strain was close to TS65Dn for motor behavior and reference memory and the three other strains 230E8, 141G6 and 285E6 for working memory. Episodic memory was impaired only in strain 285E6. The hippocampus and cerebellum reduced sizes that were seen in all the strains indicate that trisomy 21 is not only a hippocampus syndrome but that it results from abnormal interactions between the two structures.
Published: 2017
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2. Neuronal and Glial Changes in Rat Hippocampal Formation afterCholinergic Deafferentation

Author: Paban, Veronique, Valable, Samuel, Baril, Nathalie, Gilbert, Valerie, Chambon, Caroline, Alescio-Lautier, Béatrice, Neurobiologie intégrative et adaptative ( NIA ), Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Neurosciences intégratives et adaptatives ( LNIA ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Imagerie et Stratégies Thérapeutiques des pathologies Cérébrales et Tumorales ( ISTCT ), Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Neurobiologie intégrative et adaptative (NIA), Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Neurosciences intégratives et adaptatives (LNIA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Imagerie et Stratégies Thérapeutiques des pathologies Cérébrales et Tumorales (ISTCT), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: [SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, 192 IgG-saporin, [SDV.NEU.SC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences, [ SCCO.PSYC ] Cognitive science/Psychology, Immunohistochemistry, Hippocampus, T maze, [ SDV.NEU.PC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, [ SDV.NEU.SC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences, NMR spectroscopy, nervous system, [ SDV.NEU.NB ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, [ SCCO.NEUR ] Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Dentate gyrus
Abstract: International audience; The effects of cholinergic insult were studied in the hippocampal formation of cholinergic lesioned rats atmetabolic and cellular levels by in vivo nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry and immuno-histochemicalapproaches. Cholinergic deafferentation was induced by injection of the cholinergic immunotoxin 192 IgG-saporininto the medial septum. The immunotoxin effects were tested at 3, 7, and 30 days post-lesion. Rats with cholinergicdeafferentation of the hippocampus showed a lack of NeuN immunoreactivity cells, indicating neuronal loss inhippocampal formation. This neuronal loss was more pronounced in the dentate gyrus, underlining the greatersensitivity of this region to the cholinergic insult. Interestingly, this neuronal loss was not associated with metabolicalteration. These data suggest that the remaining neurons upregulated their functional activity, which wouldcontribute to maintaining the relatively stable level of metabolites and memory abilities. No alteration in GFAP andOX42 immunostaining and in glutamine and myoionositol metabolite concentration was observed in the deafferentedregions.
Published: 2016
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3. Pro-Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (proBDNF)-Mediated p75NTR Activation Promotes Depolarizing Actions of GABA and Increases Susceptibility to Epileptic Seizures

Author: Christophe Porcher, Nadine Ferrand, Camille Dumon, Claudio Rivera, Baptiste Riffault, Nazim Kourdougli, Jean-Luc Gaiarsa, Emmanuelle Buhler, Fabienne Schaller, Caroline Chambon, Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée [Aix-Marseille Université] (INMED - INSERM U901), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (UMRS893), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Neurobiologie intégrative et adaptative (NIA), Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fundación Ciencia y Vida, Epilepsie et Ischemie Cerebrale, Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CR Saint-Antoine), Institut de neurobiologie de la Méditerranée ( INMED ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine ( CR Saint-Antoine ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Neurobiologie intégrative et adaptative ( NIA ), Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM )
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, chloride, GABA Agents, Cognitive Neuroscience, KCC2, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor, Inhibitory postsynaptic potential, Epileptogenesis, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Organ Culture Techniques, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, Seizures, Neurotrophic factors, Biological neural network, Animals, proneurotrophins, Receptors, Growth Factor, Protein Precursors, Rats, Wistar, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, Chemistry, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Depolarization, Somatosensory Cortex, Rats, 030104 developmental biology, [ SCCO.NEUR ] Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Synaptic plasticity, Excitatory postsynaptic potential, Female, epileptogenesis, sense organs, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is synthesized as a precursor, namely proBDNF, which can be processed into mature BDNF (mBDNF). Evidences suggest that proBDNF signaling through p75NTR may account for the emergence of neurological disorders. These findings support the view that the relative availability of mBDNF and proBDNF forms is an important mechanism underlying brain circuit formation and cognitive functions. Here we describe novel insights into the proBDNF/p75NTR mechanisms and function in vivo in modulating neuronal circuit and synaptic plasticity during the first postnatal weeks in rats. Our results showed that increased proBDNF/p75NTR signaling during development maintains a depolarizing γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) response in a KCC2-dependent manner in mature neuronal cells. This resulted in altered excitation/inhibition balance and enhanced neuronal network activity. The enhanced proBDNF/p75NTR signaling ultimately led to increased seizure susceptibility that was abolished by in vivo injection of function blocking p75NTR antibody. Altogether, our study shed new light on how proBDNF/p75NTR signaling can orchestrate the GABA excitatory/inhibitory developmental sequence leading to depolarizing and excitatory actions of GABA in adulthood and subsequent epileptic disorders.
Published: 2016
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4. Aging Stereotypes Must be Taken Into Account for the Diagnosis of Prodromal and Early Alzheimer Disease

Author: Pascale Piolino, Pascal Huguet, David Clarys, François Rigalleau, Isabelle Régner, Bernard Michel, Béatrice Alescio-Lautier, Marie Mazerolle, Nathalie Sambuchi, Marc Paccalin, Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Laboratoire de psychologie cognitive (LPC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition et l'Apprentissage (CeRCA), Université de Poitiers-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Neurobiologie intégrative et adaptative (NIA), Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche (CM2R), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers)-Hôpital Jean Bernard, Service de gériatrie [Poitiers], Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (U894), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Neuropsychologie cognitive et neuroanatomie fonctionnelles de la mémoire humaine, Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de psychologie cognitive ( LPC ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ), Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition et l'Apprentissage ( CeRCA ), Université de Poitiers-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Neurobiologie intégrative et adaptative ( NIA ), Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche ( CM2R ), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers ( CHU Poitiers ) -Hôpital Jean Bernard, Service de Gériatrie, Université de Poitiers-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers ( CHU Poitiers ), Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences ( CPN - U894 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Université de Poitiers-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de psychiatrie et neurosciences (U894 / UMS 1266), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Université de Poitiers, and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)
Subjects: Aging, medicine.medical_specialty, [ SCCO.PSYC ] Cognitive science/Psychology, Neuropsychological Tests, Memory performance, 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Alzheimer Disease, Memory, medicine, Humans, Cognitive Dysfunction, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Overdiagnosis, Cognitive decline, Psychiatry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Stereotyping, Age differences, 05 social sciences, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, Neuropsychological testing, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Alzheimer's disease, Psychology, Older people, Gerontology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Clinical psychology
Abstract: International audience; Because of a dramatic increase of older people worldwide, screening for prodromal state of Alzheimer disease (AD) is a major societal challenge. Many individuals diagnosed with prodromal AD, do not convert to AD, some remaining stable and others reversing back to normal. We argue that an important source of this overdiagnosis comes from negative aging stereotypes (eg, the culturally shared beliefs that aging inescapably causes severe cognitive decline and diseases). Many laboratory studies show that such stereotypes impair memory performance in healthy older adults, producing inflated age differences. Research is needed to examine how aging stereotypes implicitly permeate neuropsychological testing and contribute to false positives.
Published: 2016
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5. Genomic transcriptional profiling in LOU/C/Jall rats identifies genes for successful aging

Author: Valentine Bouet, Michel Boulouard, Béatrice Alescio-Lautier, Thomas Freret, Jean-Marie Billard, Veronique Paban, Béatrice Loriod, Caroline Chambon, Neurobiologie intégrative et adaptative (NIA), Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de psychiatrie et neurosciences (U894 / UMS 1266), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Groupe Mémoire et Plasticité comportementale (GMPc), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (U894), Neurobiologie intégrative et adaptative ( NIA ), Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences ( CPN - U894 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Groupe Mémoire et Plasticité comportementale ( GMPc ), Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ), Laboratoire de Neurosciences intégratives et adaptatives (LNIA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Technologies avancées pour le génôme et la clinique (TAGC), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Aging, Histology, Microarray, Longevity, Biology, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Hippocampus, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Gene expression, Animals, Gene Regulatory Networks, Rats, Wistar, Cognitive decline, Gene, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, Regulation of gene expression, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Microarray analysis techniques, Gene Expression Profiling, General Neuroscience, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Rats, Inbred Strains, Spontaneous alternation, Microarray Analysis, Frontal Lobe, Rats, Gene expression profiling, [ SCCO.NEUR ] Cognitive science/Neuroscience, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Anatomy, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; Inbred LOU/C/Jall rats are currently described as a model of successful aging. These rats have a longer healthy median lifespan than many other strains, do not develop obesity, diabetes, or tumor and more importantly they do not show cognitive decline with aging. This is the first study to examine gene expression changes in the inbred LOU/C/Jall rat hippocampus and frontal cortex. Microarray data from animals aged 5 and 26 months were compared to that obtained from the classical Wistar rat strain to potentially identify only the genes associated with successful aging. We have thus identified a set of 15 genes in the hippocampus and 70 genes in the frontal cortex that could be grouped into several clearly delineated clusters of highly correlated genes associated with a diversity of biological processes, including regulation of plasticity, inflammatory response, metabolic, catabolic and homeostatic processes, and transcription. Such a multiplicity of gene networks and diversity of biological functions were not observed in the Wistar rat strain. The gene expression profiles identified in aged the LOU/C/Jall rats' hippocampus and frontal cortex should be related to their intact cognitive abilities, such as those assessed through spontaneous alternation.
Published: 2012
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6. Adult neurogenesis promotes balance recovery after vestibular loss

Author: Christian Chabbert, Brahim Tighilet, Neurobiologie intégrative et adaptative (NIA), Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier (INM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), CCSD, Accord Elsevier, and Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier - Déficits sensoriels et moteurs (INM)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Neurogenesis, Sensory system, Biology, Vestibular loss, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Stimulus modality, Vestibular nuclei, Biological neural network, Animals, Humans, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Postural Balance, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Balance (ability), Vestibular system, General Neuroscience, Vestibular Nuclei, Adult Stem Cells, 030104 developmental biology, Vestibular Diseases, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: A phenomenon called vestibular compensation occurs after peripheral vestibular loss. This process involves a mosaic of profound structural rearrangements within the vestibular nuclei. Among them, adult reactive neurogenesis is perhaps the most unexpected, as it occurs in a brain area that was never reported as neurogenic before. Both the survival and functionality of this newly generated neuronal network depend on its integration into preexisting networks in the deafferented structure. Far from being aberrant, this organization allows the brain to use inputs from other sensory modalities to facilitate the restoration of posture and equilibrium. This is the best example so far of the reparative role of adult neurogenesis. Recent findings show that a similar phenomenon exists in other brain sensory structures, such as auditory brain stem nuclei and sensory motor cortex. This raises questions about the putative functional relevance of the reactive neurogenesis.
Published: 2019
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7. Le cerveau adulte produit de nouveaux neurones pour restaurer l’équilibre après une perte vestibulaire

Author: Brahim Tighilet, Guillaume Rastoldo, Christian Chabbert, Neurobiologie intégrative et adaptative (NIA), Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier (INM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives [Marseille] (LNC), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier - Déficits sensoriels et moteurs (INM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, Philosophy, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], General Medicine, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Humanities, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Abstract: International audience; Following partial or total loss of peripheral vestibular inputs, a phenomenon called central vestibular compensation takes place in the hours and days following the injury. This neuroplasticity process involves a mosaic of profound rearrangements within the brain stem vestibular nuclei. Among them, the setting of a new neuronal network is maybe the most original and unexpected, as it involves an adult reactive neurogenesis in a brain area not reported as neurogenic so far. Both the survival and functionality of this newly generated neuronal network will depend on its integration to pre-existing networks in the deafferented structure. Far from being aberrant, this new structural organization allows the use of inputs from other sensory modalities (vision and proprioception) to promote the restoration of the posture and equilibrium. We choose here to detail this model, which does not belong to the traditional niches of adult neurogenesis, but it is the best example so far of the reparative role of the adult neurogenesis. Not only it represents an original neuroplasticity mechanism, interesting for basic neuroscience, but it also opens new medical perspectives for the development of therapeutic approaches to alleviate vestibular disorders.; Un phénomène appelé « compensation vestibulaire » se produit après une atteinte vestibulaire périphérique. Ce processus, qui permet un retour progressif de l’équilibre, se produit principalement au sein des noyaux vestibulaires du tronc cérébral, et met en jeu une mosaïque de réarrangements structurels. Parmi ceux-ci, la neurogenèse vestibulaire réactionnelle (NGVR) adulte est peut-être la plus inattendue, car elle se produit dans une région du cerveau qui n’a jamais été signalée auparavant comme neurogène. La survie et la fonctionnalité de ce réseau neuronal nouvellement généré dépendent de son intégration dans les réseaux préexistants des noyaux désafférentés. Cette organisation permet au cerveau d’utiliser les apports d’autres modalités sensorielles pour faciliter le rétablissement de la posture et de l’équilibre. C’est à ce jour le meilleur exemple du rôle réparateur de la neurogenèse adulte. Ces observations soulèvent de nombreuses questions sur la pertinence physiologique de la NGVR.
Published: 2020
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8. Clinical Phenotypes in Corticobasal Syndrome with or without Amyloidosis Biomarkers

Author: Alexandre Eusebio, Olivier Felician, Agnès Benvenutto, Eric Guedj, Lejla Koric, Jean-Philippe Azulay, Mathieu Ceccaldi, Aix-Marseille Université - Faculté de médecine (AMU MED), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Service Central de Biophysique et de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Imagerie MOléculaire pour applications THéranostiques personnalisées (IMOTHEP), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Neurobiologie intégrative et adaptative (NIA), Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, CHU Marseille, Service de neurologie et de neuropsychologie, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Pathology, Eye Movements, 0302 clinical medicine, Cerebrospinal fluid, Cognition, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Dystonia, Cerebral Cortex, Movement Disorders, biology, General Neuroscience, Parkinsonism, Amyloidosis, Dopaminergic, General Medicine, Syndrome, Middle Aged, Mental Status and Dementia Tests, 3. Good health, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Female, inorganic chemicals, congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, medicine.medical_specialty, Amyloid, 03 medical and health sciences, Alzheimer Disease, Spect imaging, medicine, Saccades, Humans, Dopamine transporter, Aged, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon, Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins, business.industry, organic chemicals, nutritional and metabolic diseases, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, Positron-Emission Tomography, biology.protein, Geriatrics and Gerontology, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Biomarkers, Psychomotor Performance, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Brain Stem
Abstract: Corticobasal syndrome (CBS) is a neuropathologically heterogeneous entity. The use of cerebrospinal fluid and amyloid biomarkers enables detection of underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. We thus compared clinical, eye movement, and 18FDG-PET imaging characteristics in CBS in two groups of patients divided according to their amyloid biomarkers profile. Fourteen patients presenting with CBS and amyloidosis (CBS-A+) were compared with 16 CBS patients without amyloidosis (CBS-A-). The two groups showed similar motor abnormalities (parkinsonism, dystonia) and global cognitive functions. Unlike CBS-A+ patients who displayed more posterior cortical abnormalities, CBS-A- patients demonstrated more anterior cortical and brain stem dysfunctions on the basis of neuropsychological testing, study of saccade velocities and brain hypometabolism areas on 18FDG-PET. Interestingly, Dopamine Transporter SPECT imaging showed similar levels of dopaminergic degeneration in both groups. These findings confirm common and distinct brain abnormalities between the different neurodegenerative diseases that result in CBS. We demonstrate the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to improve diagnosis in vivo in particular on oculomotor examination.
Published: 2020
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9. Early movement restriction leads to maladaptive plasticity in the sensorimotor cortex and to movement disorders

Author: Delcour, Maxime, Russier, Michaël, Castets, Francis, Turle-Lorenzo, Nathalie, Canu, Marie-Hélène, Cayetanot, Florence, Barbe, Mary, Coq, Jacques-Olivier, Neurosciences sensorielles et cognitives (NSC), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche en neurobiologie - neurophysiologie de Marseille (CRN2M), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport, Santé, Société (URePSSS) - ULR 7369 - ULR 4488 (URePSSS), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Lille-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Temple University [Philadelphia], Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), Gestionnaire, Hal Sorbonne Université, Université de Montréal (UdeM), Unité de Neurobiologie des canaux Ioniques et de la Synapse (UNIS - Inserm U1072), Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives [Marseille] (LNC), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (INT), Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique (UMRS 1158), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Université de Montréal [Montréal], Activité Physique, Muscle, Santé (EA4488), Université de Lille, Droit et Santé, Neuropeptides centraux et régulations hydrique et cardiovasculaire, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Neurobiologie intégrative et adaptative (NIA), Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, Univ. Artois, Université de Lille, Laboratoire de Neurosciences intégratives et adaptatives [LNIA], Neurobiologie des Canaux Ioniques, Centre de recherche en neurobiologie - neurophysiologie de Marseille [CRN2M], Aix Marseille Université [AMU], Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport, Santé, Société (URePSSS) - ULR 7369 - ULR 4488 [URePSSS], Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone [INT], and Dpt of Anatomy and Cell Biology [Oklahoma]
Subjects: Male, Neurons, Principal Component Analysis, Movement Disorders, Neuronal Plasticity, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Developmental disorders, Neurodevelopmental disorders, lcsh:R, [SDV.NEU.NB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, lcsh:Medicine, Adaptation, Physiological, Article, Rats, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Hindlimb Suspension, Animals, Female, lcsh:Q, Sensorimotor Cortex, lcsh:Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience; Motor control and body representations in the central nervous system are built, i.e., patterned, during development by sensorimotor experience and somatosensory feedback/reafference. Yet, early emergence of locomotor disorders remains a matter of debate, especially in the absence of brain damage. For instance, children with developmental coordination disorders (DCD) display deficits in planning, executing and controlling movements, concomitant with deficits in executive functions. Thus, are early sensorimotor atypicalities at the origin of long-lasting abnormal development of brain anatomy and functions? We hypothesize that degraded locomotor outcomes in adulthood originate as a consequence of early atypical sensorimotor experiences that induce developmental disorganization of sensorimotor circuitry. We showed recently that postnatal sensorimotor restriction (SMR), through hind limb immobilization from birth to one month, led to enduring digitigrade locomotion with ankle-knee overextension, degraded musculoskeletal tissues (e.g., gastrocnemius atrophy), and clear signs of spinal hyperreflexia in adult rats, suggestive of spasticity; each individual disorder likely interplaying in self-perpetuating cycles. In the present study, we investigated the impact of postnatal SMR on the anatomical and functional organization of hind limb representations in the sensorimotor cortex and processes representative of maladaptive neuroplasticity. We found that 28 days of daily SMR degraded the topographical organization of somatosensory hind limb maps, reduced both somatosensory and motor map areas devoted to the hind limb representation and altered neuronal response properties in the sensorimotor cortex several weeks after the cessation of SMR. We found no neuroanatomical histopathology in hind limb sensorimotor cortex, yet increased glutamatergic neurotransmission that matched clear signs of spasticity and hyperexcitability in the adult lumbar spinal network. Thus, even in the absence of a brain insult, movement disorders and brain dysfunction can emerge as a consequence of reduced and atypical patterns of motor outputs and somatosensory feedback that induce maladaptive neuroplasticity. Our results may contribute to understanding the inception and mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental disorders, such as DCD.
Published: 2018
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10. Imaging Biomarkers of Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s Disease: Distinct Contributions of Cortical MRI Atrophy and FDG-PET Hypometabolism

Author: Benvenutto, Agnès, Giusiano, Bernard, Koric, Lejla, Gueriot, Claude, Didic, Mira, Felician, Olivier, Guye, Maxime, Guedj, Eric, Ceccaldi, Mathieu, Nobili, Flavio, Aix-Marseille Université - Faculté de médecine (AMU MED), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes (INS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de neurologie et de neuropsychologie, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie et Neuropsychologie, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de résonance magnétique biologique et médicale (CRMBM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Exploration Métabolique par Résonance Magnétique [Hôpital de la Timone - APHM] (CEMEREM), Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE)-Centre de résonance magnétique biologique et médicale (CRMBM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service Central de Biophysique et de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Clinical Neurophysiology Service, Dept of Endocrinological and Metabolic Sciences, University of Ge, Neurobiologie intégrative et adaptative (NIA), Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Exploration Métabolique par Résonance Magnétique [Marseille] (CEMEREM), Imagerie MOléculaire pour applications THéranostiques personnalisées (IMOTHEP), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, CHU Marseille, Centre d'Exploration Métabolique par Résonance Magnétique [Hôpital de la Timone - AP-HM] (CEMEREM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, tau Proteins, Context (language use), 03 medical and health sciences, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, 0302 clinical medicine, Atrophy, Alzheimer Disease, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Dementia, 10. No inequality, Pathological, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Aged, Cognitive reserve, Cerebral Cortex, Amyloid beta-Peptides, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, General Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Magnetic resonance imaging, Cognition, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Peptide Fragments, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, 030104 developmental biology, Positron-Emission Tomography, Nerve Degeneration, Female, Geriatrics and Gerontology, business, Biomarkers, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Background Neurodegeneration biomarkers are routinely used in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Objective To evaluate the respective contributions of two neuroimaging biomarkers, structural MRI and 18FDG-PET, in the assessment of neurodegeneration in AD dementia. Methods Patients with mild AD dementia diagnosed based on clinical and cerebrospinal fluid criteria and cognitively healthy subjects, from the Marseille cohort ADAge with cognitive, structural MRI and 18FDG-PET assessments, were included. Extent of atrophy on MRI and of hypometabolism on 18FDG-PET were individually evaluated in each patient using a voxel-based analysis on whole-brain approach and compared to healthy subjects. Patients were divided in distinct groups according to their atrophy extent on the one hand and to their hypometabolism extent on the other, then, to their imaging profile combining the extent of the two biomarkers. Results Fifty-two patients were included. The MMSE score was significantly lower in the "Extensive hypometabolism" group than in the "Limited hypometabolism" group (respectively 19.5/30 versus 23/30). A lower Innotest Amyloid Tau Index was associated with an extensive hypometabolism (p = 0.04). There were more patients with low educational level in the "Extensive atrophy" group, while a higher educational level was more found in the "Limited atrophy" group (p = 0.005). Conclusion 18FDG-PET hypometabolism extent is associated with the pathological processes and clinical severity of AD, while MRI atrophy seems to be influenced by the cognitive reserve. In the context of mild AD dementia, these two biomarkers of neurodegeneration are thus not interchangeable and require to be considered in combination rather than in isolation.
Published: 2018
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11. Omics analysis of mouse brain models of human diseases

Author: Elodie Mansour, Béatrice Alescio-Lautier, Yoon H. Cho, Veronique Paban, Sylvie Gory-Fauré, Susanna Pietropaolo, David Blum, Claude Villard, Béatrice Loriod, Ali Gharbi, Luc Buée, Laboratoire de Neurosciences intégratives et adaptatives (LNIA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherches en Oncologie biologique et Oncopharmacologie (CRO2), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Alzheimer & Tauopathies (Equipe 1), Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer - U1172 Inserm - U837 (JPArc), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Lille Nord de France (COMUE)-Université de Lille-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Lille Nord de France (COMUE)-Université de Lille, Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer - U1172 Inserm - U837 (JPArc), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Lille Nord de France (COMUE)-Université de Lille, Institut de Neurosciences cognitives et intégratives d'Aquitaine (INCIA), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-SFR Bordeaux Neurosciences-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INSERM U836, équipe 1, Physiopathologie du cytosquelette, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (GIN), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Neurobiologie intégrative et adaptative (NIA), Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Alzheimer & Tauopathies [JPArc], Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer - U837 (JPArc), Université Lille Nord de France (COMUE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Université Lille Nord de France (COMUE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille, Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer - U837 (JPArc), Université Lille Nord de France (COMUE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille, and Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-SFR Bordeaux Neurosciences-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Male, Proteomics, 0301 basic medicine, Huntington, Autism, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Gene regulatory network, Mice, Transgenic, Network, Genomics, Biology, Transcriptome, Biological pathway, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Genetics, Animals, Humans, Gene Regulatory Networks, Parkinson, Gene, Mice, Knockout, Brain Diseases, Behavior, Animal, [SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, Gene Expression Profiling, Mental Disorders, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Proteomic, [SDV.NEU.SC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Amyloidosis, General Medicine, Gene expression profiling, Disease Models, Animal, Tauopathy, 030104 developmental biology, Transcriptomic, Genetically Engineered Mouse, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, Schizophrenia, Metabolic Networks and Pathways, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; The identification of common gene/protein profiles related to brain alterations, if they exist, may indicate theconvergence of the pathogenic mechanisms driving brain disorders. Six genetically engineered mouse linesmodelling neurodegenerative diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders were considered. Omics approaches, includingtranscriptomic and proteomic methods, were used. The gene/protein lists were used for inter-diseasecomparisons and further functional and network investigations. When the inter-disease comparison was performedusing the gene symbol identifiers, the number of genes/proteins involved in multiple diseases decreasedrapidly. Thus, no genes/proteins were shared by all 6 mouse models. Only one gene/protein (Gfap) was sharedamong 4 disorders, providing strong evidence that a common molecular signature does not exist among braindiseases. The inter-disease comparison of functional processes showed the involvement of a fewmajor biologicalprocesses indicating that brain diseases of diverse aetiologies might utilize common biological pathways in thenervous system, without necessarily involving similar molecules.
Published: 2017
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12. Apamin treatment accelerates equilibrium recovery and gaze stabilization in unilateral vestibular neurectomized cats: Cellular and behavioral aspects

Author: Jacques Leonard, Christiane Mourre, Brahim Tighilet, Christian Chabbert, Neurobiologie intégrative et adaptative (NIA), Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Neurosciences sensorielles et cognitives (NSC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives [Marseille] (LNC), Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier - Déficits sensoriels et moteurs (INM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier (INM), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Eye Movements, Posture, Motor Activity, Vestibular Nerve, Apamin, Functional Laterality, Nystagmus, Pathologic, SK channel, Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Vertigo, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, Animals, Medicine, Postural Balance, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Balance (ability), Pharmacology, Vestibular system, Neurotransmitter Agents, CATS, biology, business.industry, Recovery of Function, biology.organism_classification, Gaze, Peripheral, Disease Models, Animal, 030104 developmental biology, Vestibular Diseases, chemistry, Cats, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], sense organs, business, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Sudden and complete unilateral loss of peripheral vestibular inputs evokes characteristic vestibular syndrome comprised of posturo-locomotor, oculomotor, vegetative and cognitive symptoms. Subsequently to the vestibular insult, a neurophysiological process called central vestibular compensation promotes the progressive restoration of the posture and balance. The modulation of the excitability of vestibular secondary neurons has been demonstrated to be a key process of this mechanism. However, the molecular mechanisms that support this modulatory process have thus far not been fully identified. The present study used a combination of a radio-labeled apamin binding experiment and a functional assessment of the vestibular function to demonstrate that unilateral vestibular neurectomy (UVN) induces both ipsi- and contralateral up-regulation of the apamin-sensitive calcium-activated small conductance K+ (SK) channels, within the first days following the insult. We also demonstrate that apamin administration during the acute phase of the vestibular syndrome significantly reduces both the posturo-locomotor and vestibulo-ocular deficits induced by the UVN. This is illustrated by the reduction of both the spontaneous nystagmus and the static and dynamic balance unsteadiness. These data suggest that the regulation of SK channel expression may be part of the vestibular compensation process. It is also indicated that the pharmacological modulation of SK channels may be a potential way to alleviate the vestibular syndrome.
Published: 2019
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13. Early movement restriction leads to enduring disorders in muscle and locomotion

Author: Delcour, Maxime, Massicotte, Vicky, Russier, Michaël, Bras, Hélène, Peyronnet, Julie, Canu, Marie-Hélène, Cayetanot, Florence, Barbe, Mary, Coq, Jacques-Olivier, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (INT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montréal (UdeM), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Unité de Neurobiologie des canaux Ioniques et de la Synapse (UNIS - Inserm U1072), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physiologie intégrative, cellulaire et moléculaire (PICM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Laboratoire de Plasticité Neuromusculaire (LPN), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies, Fonctionnement, évolution et mécanismes régulateurs des écosystèmes forestiers (ECOTROP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Temple University [Philadelphia], Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), Neurobiologie intégrative et adaptative (NIA), and Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Motor control and body representation in the central nervous system (CNS) as well as musculoskeletal architecture and physiology are shaped during development by sensorimotor experience and feedback, but the emergence of locomotor disorders during maturation and their persistence over time remain a matter of debate in the absence of brain damage. By using transient immobilization of the hind limbs, we investigated the enduring impact of postnatal sensorimotor restriction (SMR) on gait and posture on treadmill, age-related changes in locomotion, musculoskeletal histopathology and Hoffmann reflex in adult rats without brain damage. SMR degrades most gait parameters and induces overextended knees and ankles, leading to digitigrade locomotion that resembles equinus. Based on variations in gait parameters, SMR appears to alter age-dependent plasticity of treadmill locomotion. SMR also leads to small but significantly decreased tibial bone length, chondromalacia, degenerative changes in the knee joint, gastrocnemius myofiber atrophy and muscle hyperreflexia, suggestive of spasticity. We showed that reduced and atypical patterns of motor outputs, and somatosensory inputs and feedback to the immature CNS, even in the absence of perinatal brain damage, play a pivotal role in the emergence of movement disorders and musculoskeletal pathologies, and in their persistence over time. Understanding how atypical sensorimotor development likely contributes to these degradations may guide effective rehabilitation treatments in children with either acquired (ie, with brain damage) or developmental (ie, without brain injury) motor disabilities.
Published: 2018
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14. Using MRI to predict the fate of excitotoxic lesions in rats

Author: Cholvin, Thibault, Giorgi, Lisa, Baril, Nathalie, Brezun, Jean-Michel, Poucet, Bruno, Chaillan, Franck A., Laboratoire de neurosciences cognitives et adaptatives (LNCA), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives [Marseille] (LNC), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Neurobiologie intégrative et adaptative (NIA), Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)
Subjects: Male, Histology, N-Methylaspartate, Imaging Techniques, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Brain Morphometry, lcsh:Medicine, Neuroimaging, Immunostaining, Research and Analysis Methods, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Diagnostic Radiology, Signs and Symptoms, Cognition, Thalamus, Drug Therapy, Diagnostic Medicine, Anesthesiology, Cerebellum, Medicine and Health Sciences, Animals, Anesthesia, Rats, Long-Evans, lcsh:Science, Immunohistochemistry Techniques, Staining, Brain Mapping, Pharmaceutics, Diffusion Weighted Imaging, Radiology and Imaging, lcsh:R, Biology and Life Sciences, Brain, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Rats, Histochemistry and Cytochemistry Techniques, nervous system, Specimen Preparation and Treatment, Thalamic Nuclei, Lesions, Immunologic Techniques, lcsh:Q, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Neurotoxicity Syndromes, Anatomy, Research Article, Neuroscience
Abstract: International audience; Excitotoxic lesions are frequently used to assess the role of cerebral structures in cognitive processes in rodents. However, the precise site and extent of these lesions remain unknown without histological verifications. Using a 7-Teslas MRI system and a T2-weighted turbo-RARE sequence, MR images were acquired at several time points following NMDA lesions (1h, 6h, 24h, 48h, 1 week and 2 weeks). NMDA infusions into the parenchyma induced a clear and delineable hyperintense signal from 1h up to 1-week post-surgery. Hyperintensity volumes were compared with NeuN and Cresyl violet histological quantifications of the lesion magnitude. NMDA-induced hypersignal is observed as soon as 1h post-injection and is a reliable estimate of the presence (or absence) of a lesion. Compared to NeuN, Cresyl violet staining underestimates the extent of the lesion in significant proportions. The MRI hyperintensity generated by NMDA instillation into the parenchyma can be used as a powerful tool to confirm the diffusion of the drug into the cerebral tissue, to ascertain the locus of injection and predict with a high success rate the fate of NMDA lesions as soon as 1h post-surgery. This approach could be very useful in a large variety of lesion studies in rodents.
Published: 2018

15. Mild Intrauterine Hypoperfusion Leads to Lumber and Cortical Hyperexcitability, Spasticity, and Muscle Dysfunctions in Rats:Implications for Prematurity

Author: Coq, Jacques-Olivier, Delcour, Maxime, Ogawa, Yuko, Peyronnet, Julie, Castets, Francis, Turle-Lorenzo, Nathalie, Montel, Valérie, Bodineau, Laurence, Cardot, Phillipe, Brocard, Cécile, Liabeuf, Sylvie, Bastide, Bruno, Canu, Marie-Hélène, Tsuji, Masahiro, Cayetanot, Florence, Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, Univ. Artois, Université de Lille, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone [INT], Aix Marseille Université [AMU], Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport, Santé, Société (URePSSS) - ULR 7369 - ULR 4488 [URePSSS], Neurobiologie intégrative et adaptative (NIA), Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (INT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montréal (UdeM), National cerebral and cardiovascular center research institute, Centre de recherche en neurobiologie - neurophysiologie de Marseille (CRN2M), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives [Marseille] (LNC), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport, Santé, Société (URePSSS) - ULR 7369 - ULR 4488 (URePSSS), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille, Neuropeptides centraux et régulations hydrique et cardiovasculaire, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en biologie (CIRB), Labex MemoLife, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Labex MemoLife, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Activité Physique, Muscle, Santé (EA4488), Université de Lille, Droit et Santé, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Lille-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en biologie (CIRB), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Labex MemoLife, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Coq, Jacques-Olivier
Subjects: cerebral palsy, [SDV.BDD.EO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology/Embryology and Organogenesis, Neurology, white matter injury, intrauterine growth retardation, KCC2, neonatal hypoxia-ischemia, [SDV.BDD.EO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology/Embryology and Organogenesis, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Neurology (clinical), Original Research
Abstract: International audience; Intrauterine ischemia-hypoxia is detrimental to the developing brain and leads to white matter injury (WMI), encephalopathy of prematurity (EP), and often to cerebral palsy (CP), but the related pathophysiological mechanisms remain unclear. In prior studies, we used mild intrauterine hypoperfusion (MIUH) in rats to successfully reproduce the diversity of clinical signs of EP, and some CP symptoms. Briefly, MIUH led to inflammatory processes, diffuse gray and WMI, minor locomotor deficits, musculoskeletal pathologies, neuroanatomical and functional disorganization of the primary somatosensory and motor cortices, delayed sensorimotor reflexes, spontaneous hyperactivity, deficits in sensory information processing, memory and learning impairments. In the present study, we investigated the early and long-lasting mechanisms of pathophysiology that may be responsible for the various symptoms induced by MIUH. We found early hyperreflexia, spasticity and reduced expression of KCC2 (a chloride cotransporter that regulates chloride homeostasis and cell excitability). Adult MIUH rats exhibited changes in muscle contractile properties and phenotype, enduring hyperreflexia and spasticity, as well as hyperexcitability in the sensorimotor cortex. Taken together, these results show that reduced expression of KCC2, lumbar hyperreflexia, spasticity, altered properties of the soleus muscle, as well as cortical hyperexcitability may likely interplay into a self-perpetuating cycle, leading to the emergence, and persistence of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) in EP and CP, such as sensorimotor impairments, and probably hyperactivity, attention, and learning disorders.
Published: 2018
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16. Merkel Cells Sense Cooling with TRPM8 Channels

Author: Virginie Penalba, Jean-Marc Aimonetti, Nancy Osorio, Yann Roudaut, Laurent Misery, Marcel Crest, Thierry Merrot, Edith Ribot-Ciscar, Nicolas Lebonvallet, Patrick Delmas, Christelle Le Gall-Ianotto, Valentine Bouvier, Centre de recherche en neurobiologie - neurophysiologie de Marseille (CRN2M), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Neurobiologie intégrative et adaptative (NIA), Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Neurosciences sensorielles et cognitives (NSC), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 6578 : Anthropologie Bio-Culturelle (UAABC), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Neurosciences de Brest (LNB), Université de Brest (UBO), Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital Morvan Brest-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Laboratoire de neurophysiologie cellulaire (LNPC), Aimonetti, Jean-Marc, Laboratoire sur les interactions Epithéliums Neurones (LIEN), and Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Keratinocytes, TRPV3, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], TRPV1, TRPM Cation Channels, Dermatology, Biochemistry, Merkel Cells, 03 medical and health sciences, Transient receptor potential channel, Mice, [SDV.BC.IC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Cell Behavior [q-bio.CB], medicine, TRPM8, Animals, Humans, RNA, Messenger, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Receptor, Molecular Biology, Ion channel, Cells, Cultured, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Mice, Knockout, integumentary system, Chemistry, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, [SDV.MHEP.HEM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hematology, Cell Biology, Mechanoreceptor, Cold Temperature, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Gene Expression Regulation, Models, Animal, Biophysics, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Merkel cell, Mechanoreceptors, [SDV.MHEP.DERM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Dermatology
Abstract: International audience; In the skin, Merkel cells connect with keratinocytes and Ab nerve fibers to form a touch receptor that functions as a slow adapting mechanoreceptor (slow adapting type 1). In human and mouse Merkel cells, we observed an increased concentration of intracellular Ca 2þ ions in response to cold temperature and transient receptor potential melastatine 8 (TRPM8) ion channel agonists. A reduction in the response to cooling and TRPM8 ag-onists occurred after the addition of TRPM8 antagonists, as well as in TRPM8 knockout mice. Cold temperature and TRPM8 agonists also induced a current that was inhibited by a TRPM8 antagonist. Our results indicate that Merkel cells sense cooling through TRPM8 channels. We hypothesized that cooling modulates the slow adapting type 1 receptor response. Cooling mouse skin to 22 C reduced the slow adapting type 1 receptor discharge frequency. Interestingly, we observed no such reduction in TRPM8 knockout mice. Similarly, in human skin, a temperature of 22 C applied to the slow adapting type 1 receptive field reduced the spiking discharge. Altogether, our results indicate that Merkel cells are polymodal sensory cells that respond to mild cold stimuli through the activation of TRPM8 channels. Thermal activation of Merkel cells, and possibly other TRPM8-expressing non-neuronal cells, such as keratinocytes, potentially adapts the discharge of slow adapting type 1 receptors during cooling.
Published: 2018
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17. Added value of 18 F-florbetaben amyloid PET in the diagnostic workup of most complex patients with dementia in France: A naturalistic study

Author: Ceccaldi, Mathieu, Jonveaux, Thérèse, Verger, Antoine, Krolak-Salmon, Pierre, Houzard, Claire, Godefroy, Olivier, Shields, Trevor, Perrotin, Audrey, Gismondi, Rossella, Bullich, Santiago, Jovalekic, Aleksandar, Raffa, Nicola, Pasquier, Florence, Semah, Franck, Dubois, Bruno, Habert, Marie-Odile, Wallon, David, Chastan, Mathieu, Payoux, Pierre, Felician, Olivier, Didic, Mira, Gueriot, Claude, Koric, Lejla, Kletchkova-Gantchev, Radka, Andriuta, Daniela, Devendeville, Agnès, Dupuis, Diane, Binot, Ingrid, Barbay, Mélanie, Meyer, Marc-Etienne, Moullard, Véronique, Magnin, Eloi, Chamard, Ludivine, Haffen, Sophie, Drouet, Clément, Boulahdour, Hatem, Goas, Philippe, Querellou-Lefranc, Solène, de La Sayette, Vincent, Cogez, Julien, Branger, Pierre, Agostini, Denis, Manrique, Alain, Bejot, Yannick, Jacquin-Piques, Agnès, Dygai-Cochet, Inna, Berriolo-Riedinger, Alina, Moreaud, Olivier, Sauvee, Mathilde, Crépin, Céline, Bombois, Stéphanie, Lebouvier, Thibaud, Mackowiak-Cordoliani, Marie-Anne, Deramecourt, Vincent, Rollin-Sillaire, Adeline, Cassagnaud-Thuillet, Pascaline, Chen, Yaohua, Petyt, Grégory, Federico, Denis, Danaila, Keren, Guilhermet, Yves, Magnier, Christophe, Makaroff, Zaza, Rouch, Isabelle, Xie, Jing, Roubaud, Caroline, Coste, Marie-Hélène, David, Kenny, Sarciron, Alain, Waissi, Aziza, Scheiber, Christian, Gabelle-Deloustal, Audrey, Bennys, Karim, Marelli, Cecilia, Touati, Lynda, de Verbizier-Lonjon, Delphine, Benetos, Athanase, Kearney-Schwartz, Anna, Perret-Guillaume, Christine, Vercelletto, Martine, Boutoleau-Bretonniere, Claire, Pouclet-Courtemanche, Hélène, Wagemann, Nathalie, Pallardy, Amandine, Hugon, Jacques, Paquet, Claire, Dumurgier, Julien, Millet, Pascal, Queneau, Mathieu, Epelbaum, Stéphane, Levy, Marcel, Novella, Jean-Luc, Jaidi, Yacine, Morland, David, Belliard, Serge, Salmon, Anne, Lejeune, Florence, Hannequin, Didier, Martinaud, Olivier, Zarea, Aline, Pariente, Jérémie, Thalamas, Claire, Galitzky-Gerber, Monique, Tricoire Ricard, Anne-Marie, Calvas, Fabienne, Rigal, Emilie, Hitzel, Anne, Delrieu, Julien, Ousset, Pierre-Jean, Lala, Françoise, Sastre-Hengan, Nathalie, Morel, Olivier, Rouaud, Olivier, Mariano-Goulart, Denis, Papathanassiou, Dimitri, Le Jeune, Florence, Stephens, Andrew, Guedj, Eric, Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes (INS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Gériatrie [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Imagerie Adaptative Diagnostique et Interventionnelle (IADI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud [CHU - HCL] (CHLS), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Service de neurologie [Amiens], CHU Amiens-Picardie, Service de Médecine Nucléaire [Amiens], Piramal Imaging, Troubles cognitifs dégénératifs et vasculaires - U 1171 (TCDV), Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Troubles cognitifs vasculaires et dégénératifs, Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer [Paris] (IM2A), Sorbonne Université (SU), Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale (LIB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de neurologie [Rouen], CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Service de médecine nucléaire [Rouen], CRLCC Haute Normandie-CRLCC Henri Becquerel, Toulouse Neuro Imaging Center (ToNIC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (INT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Neurobiologie intégrative et adaptative (NIA), Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de neurologie et de neuropsychologie, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] (CHRU Besançon), Université de Bourgogne (UB), Université de Lorraine (UL), Nanomédecine, imagerie, thérapeutique - UFC (EA 4662) (NIT / NANOMEDECINE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Service de neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU), Service de Neurologie [Brest], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Neuropsychologie cognitive et neuroanatomie fonctionnelles de la mémoire humaine, Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Groupe coeur et ischémie, CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Service de médecine nucléaire [CHU Caen], Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Optimisation - Système - Energie (GEPEA-OSE), Laboratoire de génie des procédés - environnement - agroalimentaire (GEPEA), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cognition, Action, et Plasticité Sensorimotrice [Dijon - U1093] (CAPS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Neurologie générale, vasculaire et dégénérative (CHU de Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Centre Régional de Lutte contre le cancer Georges-François Leclerc [Dijon] (UNICANCER/CRLCC-CGFL), UNICANCER-UNICANCER, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Centre Georges-François Leclerc [Dijon] (CGFL), Pôle Psychiatrie et Neurologie [Grenoble], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Neuroendocrinologie et physiopathologie neuronale, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille, Droit et Santé, Département de neurologie[Lille], Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Hôpital des Charpennes [CHU - HCL], CEA Le Ripault (CEA Le Ripault), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Unité de Gériatrie, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche (CMRR Lyon), Système Nerveux Autonome - Epidémiologie, Physiologie, Ingénierie, Santé (SNA-EPIS), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Institut Jacques Monod (IJM (UMR_7592)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Mutualiste de Réeducation Neurologique Propara (PROPARA), Languedoc Mutualité, Département de neurologie [Montpellier], Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Hôpital Gui de Chauliac [Montpellier]-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Défaillance Cardiovasculaire Aiguë et Chronique (DCAC), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Service de Gérontologie [CHRU Nancy], Clinique neurologique, Hôpital Laennec, Service de neurologie [Nantes], Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Hôpital Guillaume-et-René-Laennec [Saint-Herblain], Service de Médecine Nucléaire [CHU Nantes], Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Centre de Neurologie Cognitive [Paris], Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Saint-Louis, Lariboisière, Fernand-Widal-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Immunologie (EA 3677), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital de Reims - Service de neuro-gériatrie, Hôpital de Reims, Service de neurologie [Rennes], Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Service de médecine nucléaire [Rennes], CRLCC Eugène Marquis (CRLCC), Génétique médicale et fonctionnelle du cancer et des maladies neuropsychiatriques, Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UNIROUEN - UFR Santé (UNIROUEN UFR Santé), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CIC - Biotherapie - Toulouse, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Epidémiologie et analyses en santé publique : risques, maladies chroniques et handicaps (LEASP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Gérontopôle, Department of Geriatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Troubles cognitifs dégénératifs et vasculaires (U1171), Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-INSERM, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Centre Régional de Lutte contre le cancer - Centre Georges-François Leclerc (CRLCC - CGFL), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Saint-Louis, Lariboisière, Fernand-Widal-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologies - UR UPJV 4559 (LNFP), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale [Paris] (LIB), CRLCC Haute Normandie-Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Henri Becquerel Normandie Rouen (CLCC Henri Becquerel), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), Service d'Obstétrique et de Gynécologie [CHRU Nancy], Physiologie & médecine expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles [U 1046] (PhyMedExp), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication - EA 3804 (CRESTIC), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Comportement et noyaux gris centraux = Behavior and Basal Ganglia [Rennes], Université de Rennes (UR)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-Institut des Neurosciences Cliniques de Rennes = Institute of Clinical Neurosciences of Rennes (INCR), H. Lundbeck A/S, Novartis, Roche, Pfizer, Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Institut des Neurosciences Cliniques de Rennes (INCR)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, NATIONAL INSTITUTE, Pathology, Epidemiology, IMPACT, Amyloid pet, Clinical practice, BETA PLAQUES, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Stilbenes, Diagnosis, MESH: Aged, UTILITY, medicine.diagnostic_test, Health Policy, Alzheimer's disease, MESH: Dementia, MESH: Positron-Emission Tomography, 3. Good health, ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE, Psychiatry and Mental health, Positron emission tomography, Radiology, MESH: Radiopharmaceuticals, medicine.medical_specialty, CSF BIOMARKERS, [SDV.IB.MN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Nuclear medicine, Amyloid imaging, 18F-florbetaben, MESH: Aniline Compounds, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, MESH: Brain, Naturalistic observation, SCANS, Developmental Neuroscience, MESH: Diagnosis, Differential, medicine, [INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, MANAGEMENT, Dementia, Florbetaben, MESH: Amyloid, MESH: Humans, business.industry, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, MESH: France, 030104 developmental biology, Multicenter study, Etiology, Patient management, Neurology (clinical), Geriatrics and Gerontology, business, MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: International audience; Introduction: Although some studies have previously addressed the clinical impact of amyloid positron emission tomography (PET), none has specifically addressed its selective and hierarchical implementation in relation to cerebrospinal fluid analysis in a naturalistic setting.Methods: This multicenter study was performed at French tertiary memory clinics in patients presenting with most complex clinical situations (i.e., early-onset, atypical clinical profiles, suspected mixed etiological conditions, unexpected rate of progression), for whom cerebrospinal fluid analysis was indicated but either not feasible or considered as noncontributory (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02681172).Results: Two hundred five patients were enrolled with evaluable florbetaben PET scans; 64.4% of scans were amyloid positive. PET results led to changed diagnosis and improved confidence in 66.8% and 81.5% of patients, respectively, and altered management in 80.0% of cases.Discussion: High-level improvement of diagnostic certainty and management is provided by selective and hierarchical implementation of florbetaben PET into current standard practices for the most complex dementia cases. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the Alzheimer's Association.
Published: 2018
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18. A Rat Model of Mild Intrauterine Hypoperfusion with Microcoil Stenosis

Author: Masahiro Tsuji, Makiko Ohshima, Yuko Ogawa, Jacques-Olivier Coq, Yumi Yamamoto, National cerebral and cardiovascular center research institute, Neurobiologie intégrative et adaptative (NIA), Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (INT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and FY 2013 Research Exchange Program between JSPS and CNRS, JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 26860858,and the Narishige Neuroscience Research Foundation.
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, intrauterine growth restriction, General Chemical Engineering, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Placenta, Ischemia, Intrauterine growth restriction, Constriction, Pathologic, Ovarian artery, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Intrauterine hypoperfusion, fetal growth restriction, 03 medical and health sciences, prenatal hypoxia-ischemia, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, 030225 pediatrics, medicine.artery, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, rat, uterine artery, Uterine artery, Aorta, Fetal Growth Retardation, General Immunology and Microbiology, business.industry, Arterial stenosis, microcoil, General Neuroscience, prematurity, Uterus, medicine.disease, Issue 131, Rats, Stenosis, fetus, medicine.anatomical_structure, ovarian artery, Cardiology, artery stenosis, low birth weight Date, Female, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Neuroscience
Abstract: International audience; Intrauterine hypoperfusion/ischemia is one of the major causes of intrauterine/fetal growth restriction, preterm birth, and low birth weight. Most studies of this phenomenon have been performed in either models with severe intrauterine ischemia or models with gradient degree of intrauterine hypoperfusion. No study has been performed in a model on uniform mild intrauterine hypoperfusion (MIUH). Two models have been used for studies of MIUH: a model based on suture ligation of either side of the arterial arcade formed with the uterine and ovarian arteries, and a transient model based on clipping the bilateral ovarian arteries and aorta having patency. Those two rodent models of MIUH have some limitations, e.g., not all fetuses are subjected to MIUH, depending on their position in the uterine horn. In our MIUH model, all fetuses are subjected to a comparable level of intrauterine hypoperfusion. MIUH was achieved by mild stenosis of all four arteries feeding the uterus, i.e., the bilateral uterine and ovarian arteries. Arterial stenosis was induced by metal microcoils wrapped around the feeding arteries. Producing arterial stenosis with microcoils allowed us to control, optimize, and reproduce decreased blood flow with very little inter-animal variability and a low mortality rate, thus enabling accurate evaluation. When microcoils with an inner diameter of 0.24 mm were used, the blood flow in both the placenta and fetus was mildly decreased (approximately 30% from the pre-stenosis level in the placenta). The offspring of our MIUH model clearly demonstrates long-lasting alterations in neurological, neuroanatomical and behavioral test results.
Published: 2018
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19. Cortical Merging in S1 as a Substrate for Tactile Input Grouping

Author: Corbo, Julien, Zennou-Azogui, Yoh’I, Xerri, Christian, Catz, Nicolas, Neurosciences sensorielles et cognitives (NSC), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Neurobiologie intégrative et adaptative (NIA), and Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Male, S1, Cortical processing, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Somatosensory Cortex, New Research, electrophysiology, Voltage-Sensitive Dye Imaging, tactile, somatosensory, optical imaging, Touch Perception, Physical Stimulation, 8.1, Forelimb, Sensory and Motor Systems, Animals, Rats, Long-Evans, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Microelectrodes
Abstract: International audience; Perception is a reconstruction process guided by rules based on knowledge about the world. Little is known about the neural implementation of the rules of object formation in the tactile sensory system. When two close tactile stimuli are delivered simultaneously on the skin, subjects feel a unique sensation, spatially centered between the two stimuli. Voltage-sensitive dye imaging (VSDi) and electrophysiological recordings [local field potentials (LFPs) and single units] were used to extract the cortical representation of two-point tactile stimuli in the primary somatosensory cortex of anesthetized Long-Evans rats. Although layer 4 LFP responses to brief costimulation of the distal region of two digits resembled the sum of individual responses, approximately one-third of single units demonstrated merging-compatible changes. In contrast to previous intrinsic optical imaging studies, VSD activations reflecting layer 2/3 activity were centered between the representations of the digits stimulated alone. This merging was found for every tested distance between the stimulated digits. We discuss this laminar difference as evidence that merging occurs through a buildup stream and depends on the superposition of inputs, which increases with successive stages of sensory processing. These findings show that layers 2/3 are involved in the grouping of sensory inputs. This process that could be inscribed in the cortical computing routine and network organization is likely to promote object formation and implement perception rules.
Published: 2018
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20. Isolation and characterization of olfactory ecto-mesenchymal stem cells from eight mammalian genera

Author: Michel Khrestchatisky, Alessandro Cozzi, Patrick Pageat, Francois Feron, Cécile Bienboire-Frosini, Kevin Sadelli, Elisa Codecasa, Antoine D. Veron, Camille Chabaud, Joël Fagot, Jean-Claude Stamegna, Pietro Asproni, François S. Roman, Paul Watelet, Manuel Mengoli, Dany Royer, Arnaud Deveze, Stéphane D. Girard, Institut de Recherche en Sémiochimie et Ethologie Appliquée - IRSEA (FRANCE), Institut de neurophysiopathologie (INP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Hôpital de la Conception - APHM] (CIC), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital de la Conception [CHU - APHM] (LA CONCEPTION), Laboratoire de Biomécanique Appliquée (LBA UMR T24), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université Gustave Eiffel, AUTRES, Laboratoire de psychologie cognitive (LPC), Institut Polaire Français, Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Pommery, Neurobiologie intégrative et adaptative (NIA), Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, FERON, Francois, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Becquet, Denis, Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, Cellular differentiation, Biopsy, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Veterinary medicine, Cell Culture Techniques, Rabbit, Ecto-mesenchymal stem cells, Horse, Regenerative medicine, Adult craniofacial stem cells, Nestin, Dog, Mammals, lcsh:Veterinary medicine, Rodent, Methodology Article, Cell Differentiation, General Medicine, 3. Good health, Cell biology, Adult Stem Cells, medicine.anatomical_structure, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Stem cell, Adult stem cell, Cytological Techniques, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Olfactory mucosa, Olfactory Mucosa, medicine, Autologous transplantation, Animals, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Sheep, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, General Veterinary, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Mesenchymal stem cell, [SCCO.NEUR] Cognitive science/Neuroscience, [SDV.BA.MVSA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, [SDV.NEU.NB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Non-human primate, [SDV.BIO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, Transplantation, 030104 developmental biology, lcsh:SF600-1100
Abstract: International audience; Background: Stem cell-based therapies are an attractive option to promote regeneration and repair defective tissues and organs. Thanks to their multipotency, high proliferation rate and the lack of major ethical limitations, "olfactory ecto-mesenchymal stem cells" (OE-MSCs) have been described as a promising candidate to treat a variety of damaged tissues. Easily accessible in the nasal cavity of most mammals, these cells are highly suitable for autologous cell-based therapies and do not face issues associated with other stem cells. However, their clinical use in humans and animals is limited due to a lack of preclinical studies on autologous transplantation and because no well-established methods currently exist to cultivate these cells. Here we evaluated the feasibility of collecting, purifying and amplifying OE-MSCs from different mammalian genera with the goal of promoting their interest in veterinary regenerative medicine. Biopsies of olfactory mucosa from eight mammalian genera (mouse, rat, rabbit, sheep, dog, horse, gray mouse lemur and macaque) were collected, using techniques derived from those previously used in humans and rats. The possibility of amplifying these cells and their stemness features and differentiation capability were then evaluated. Results: Biopsies were successfully performed on olfactory mucosa without requiring the sacrifice of the donor animal, except mice. Cell populations were rapidly generated from olfactory mucosa explants. These cells displayed similar key features of their human counterparts: a fibroblastic morphology, a robust expression of nestin, an ability to form spheres and similar expression of surface markers (CD44, CD73). Moreover, most of them also exhibited high proliferation rates and clonogenicity with genus-specific properties. Finally, OE-MSCs also showed the ability to differentiate into mesodermal lineages. Conclusions: This article describes for the first time how millions of OE-MSCs can be quickly and easily obtained from different mammalian genera through protocols that are well-suited for autologous transplantations. Moreover, their multipotency makes them relevant to evaluate therapeutic application in a wide variety of tissue injury models. This study paves the way for the development of new fundamental and clinical studies based on OE-MSCs transplantation and suggests their interest in veterinary medicine.
Published: 2018
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21. Kinaesthetic mirror illusion and spatial congruence

Author: Anne Kavounoudias, Michel Guerraz, Marie Chancel, Marion Luyat, Clémentine Brun, Morgane Metral, Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition (LPNC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Psychologie : Interactions, Temps, Emotions, Cognition (PSITEC) - ULR 4072 (PSITEC), Université de Lille, Neurobiologie intégrative et adaptative (NIA), Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologies (LNFP), Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Adult, Male, Movement, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], media_common.quotation_subject, Illusion, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Young Adult, [SCCO]Cognitive science, Congruence (geometry), Perception, Multisensory integration, Humans, Kinesthesis, media_common, Communication, Right forearm, Proprioception, Kinaesthesia, business.industry, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, General Neuroscience, Mirror illusion, Illusions, Space Perception, Spatial congruence, Female, Percept, business, Psychology, Psychomotor Performance, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: International audience; Position sense and kinaesthesia are mainly derived from the integration of somaesthetic and visual afferents to form a single, coherent percept. However, visual information related to the body can play a dominant role in these perceptual processes in some circumstances, and notably in the mirror paradigm. The objective of the present study was to determine whether or not the kinaesthetic illusions experienced in the mirror paradigm obey one of the key rules of multisensory integration: spatial congruence. In the experiment, the participant’s left arm (the image of which was reflected in a mirror) was either passively flexed/extended with a motorized manipulandum (to induce a kinaesthetic illusion in the right arm) or remained static. The right (unseen) arm remained static but was positioned parallel to the left arm’s starting position or placed in extension (from 15° to 90°, in steps of 15°), relative to the left arm’s flexed starting position. The results revealed that the frequency of the illusion decreased only slightly as the incongruence prior to movement onset between the reflected left arm and the hidden right arm grew and remained quite high even in the most incongruent settings. However, the greater the incongruence between the visually and somaesthetically specified positions of the right forearm (from 15° to 90°), the later the onset and the lower the perceived speed of the kinaesthetic illusion. Although vision dominates perception in a context of visuoproprioceptive conflict (as in the mirror paradigm), our results show that the relative weightings allocated to proprioceptive and visual signals vary according to the degree of spatial incongruence prior to movement onset.
Published: 2015
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22. Chronic treatments with a 5-HT4 receptor agonist decrease amyloid pathology in the entorhinal cortex and learning and memory deficits in the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease

Author: Delphine Stephan, Patrizia Giannoni, Sylvie Claeysen, Michel Khrestchatisky, Evelyne Marchetti-Gauthier, François S. Roman, Stéphane D. Girard, Santiago Rivera, Martine Migliorati, Florence Gaven, Joël Bockaert, Kévin Baranger, Sarah Girot, Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Neurobiologie des interactions cellulaires et neurophysiopathologie - NICN (NICN), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Détection, évaluation, gestion des risques CHROniques et éMErgents (CHROME) / Université de Nîmes (CHROME), Université de Nîmes (UNIMES), Vect-Horus, This work was supported by funding from the CNRS and Aix-Marseille Université, and by grants from the French National Agency for Research to SR and FR (MAD5 ANR-15-CE16-0006) and to MK (PREVENTAD ANR-11-MALZ-0007) and to the DHUNE project supported by A*MIDEX. This work was carried out thanks to the support of the A*MIDEX project (ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02) funded by the ‘‘Investissements d’Avenir’’ French government program, managed by the ANR. It was also supported by a grant from France Alzheimer to SR, and by La Fondation Vaincre Alzheimer grants to SR (#14776), and MK (#13745). Additional support was provided by CNRS, Inserm, University of Montpellier, and the French NationalAgency of Research (ADAMGUARD ANR-12-BSV4-0008) grants to JB and SC and by France Alzheimer and La Fondation Vaincre Alzheimergrants to SC (#12721). KB was granted a research associate fellowship by the French 'Fondation Plan Alzheimer' and postdoctoral support from the LABEX A*MIDEX 'Management des Talents' from Aix Marseille Université., ANR-15-CE16-0006,MAD5,Validation de MT5-MMP comme nouvelle cible thérapeutique dans la maladie d'Alzheimer et mécanismes d'action(2015), ANR-11-MALZ-0007,PREVENTAD,MMP-12 comme marqueur précoce et cible thérapeutique dans la progression de la maladie d'Alzheimer(2011), ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011), ANR-12-BSV4-0008,ADAMGUARD,Les réseaux protéiques associés aux récepteurs 5 HT4 : gardes rapprochées du trafic de l'ADAM10 et de l'APP(2012), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Giannoni, Patrizia, Validation de MT5-MMP comme nouvelle cible thérapeutique dans la maladie d'Alzheimer et mécanismes d'action - - MAD52015 - ANR-15-CE16-0006 - AAPG2015 - VALID, Maladie d'Alzheimer et Maladies Apparentées - MMP-12 comme marqueur précoce et cible thérapeutique dans la progression de la maladie d'Alzheimer - - PREVENTAD2011 - ANR-11-MALZ-0007 - MALZ - VALID, INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE - - Amidex2011 - ANR-11-IDEX-0001 - IDEX - VALID, BLANC - Les réseaux protéiques associés aux récepteurs 5 HT4 : gardes rapprochées du trafic de l'ADAM10 et de l'APP - - ADAMGUARD2012 - ANR-12-BSV4-0008 - BLANC - VALID, Neurobiologie des interactions cellulaires et neurophysiopathologie - NICN ( NICN ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle ( IGF ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques ( UM2 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université Montpellier 1 ( UM1 ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ), Détection, évaluation, gestion des risques CHROniques et éMErgents (CHROME) / Université de Nîmes ( CHROME ), Université de Nîmes ( UNIMES ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, Neurobiologie intégrative et adaptative ( NIA ), and Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Agonist, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.drug_class, Transgenic mouse model, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Amyloid precursor protein, Dementia, Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance, Neuroinflammation, Pharmacology, Olfactory tubing maze, Memory impairments, biology, Amyloidosis, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, [SCCO.NEUR] Cognitive science/Neuroscience, 5-HT(4) receptor agonist, [ SDV.SP.PHARMA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Pharmacology, Alzheimer's disease, medicine.disease, Entorhinal cortex, Pharmacotherapy, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, [SDV.SP.PHARMA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Pharmacology, [ SCCO.NEUR ] Cognitive science/Neuroscience, biology.protein, [SDV.SP.PHARMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Pharmacology, Psychology, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the main cause of dementia and a major health issue worldwide. The complexity of the pathology continues to challenge its comprehension and the implementation of effective treatments. In the last decade, a number of possible targets of intervention have been pointed out, among which the stimulation of 5-HT4receptors (5-HT4Rs) seems very promising. 5-HT4R agonists exert pro-cognitive effects, inhibit amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) production and therefore directly and positively impact AD progression. In the present work, we investigated the effects of RS 67333, a partial 5-HT4R agonist, after chronic administration in the 5xFAD mouse model of AD. 5xFAD male mice and their wild type (WT) male littermates received either RS 67333 or vehicle solution i.p., twice a week, for 2 or 4 months. Cognitive performance was evaluated in a hippocampal-dependent behavioral task, the olfactory tubing maze (OTM). Mice were then sacrificed to evaluate the metabolism of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), amyloidosis and neuroinflammatory processes. No beneficial effects of RS 67333 were observed in 5xFAD mice after 2 months of treatment, while 5xFAD mice treated for 4 months showed better cognitive abilities compared to vehicle-treated 5xFAD mice. The beneficial effects of RS 67333 on learning and memory correlated with the decrease in both amyloid plaque load and neuroinflammation, more specifically in the entorhinal cortex. The most significant improvements in learning and memory and reduction of pathology stigmata were observed after the 4-month administration of RS 67333, demonstrating that treatment duration is important to alleviate amyloidosis and glial reactivity, particularly in the entorhinal cortex. These results confirm the 5-HT4R as a promising target for AD pathogenesis and highlight the need for further investigations to characterize fully the underlying mechanisms of action.
Published: 2017
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23. Differential Brain, Cognitive and Motor Profiles Associated with Partial Trisomy. Modeling Down Syndrome in Mice (vol 47, pg 305, 2017)

Author: Roubertoux, Pierre L., Baril, Nathalie, Cau, Pierre, Scajola, Christophe, Ghata, Adeline, Bartoli, Catherine, Bourgeois, Patrice, Christofaro, Julie, Tordjman, Sylvie, Carlier, Michèle, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle (GMGF), Aix Marseille Université (AMU) - Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM) - Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE) - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Neurobiologie intégrative et adaptative (NIA), Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1 - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix-Marseille Université - Faculté de médecine (AMU MED), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Département de génétique médicale [Hôpital de la Timone - APHM], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) - Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE) - Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM) - Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception (LPP - UMR 8242), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PHUPEA, Centre Hospitalier Guillaume Régnier [Rennes], Laboratoire de psychologie cognitive (LPC), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) - Aix Marseille Université (AMU)
Subjects: [SCCO.PSYC] Cognitive science/Psychology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience; no abstract
Published: 2017
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24. Dorsolateral striatum and dorsal hippocampus: A serial contribution to acquisition of cue-reward associations in rats

Author: Jacquet, F, Lecourtier, L., Cassel, R., Loureiro, M., Cosquer, B., Escoffier, E, Migliorati, M., Cassel, J.-C., Roman, F.S., Marchetti, E., Escoffier, G., Laboratoire de neurosciences cognitives et adaptatives (LNCA), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Neurobiologie intégrative et adaptative (NIA), Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI)
Subjects: Male, Microinjections, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Hippocampal formation, Stimulus (physiology), Hippocampus, Procedural memory, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, Reward, Memory, Animals, Rats, Long-Evans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, Ibotenic Acid, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Long-term memory, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, 05 social sciences, Association Learning, Corpus Striatum, Rats, Neuroanatomy of memory, Associative learning, nervous system, Conditioning, Operant, Memory consolidation, Dorsolateral striatum, Cues, Psychology, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; In laboratory rodents, procedural and declarative-like memory processes are often considered operating in dual, sometimes even competing with each other. There is evidence that the initial approach of a repetitive task first engages a hippocampus-dependent declarative-like memory system acquiring knowledge. Over repetition, there is a gradual shift towards a striatum-dependent response memory system. In the current experiment, Long-Evans male rats with bilateral, fiber-sparing ibotenic acid-induced lesions of the dorsolateral striatum or the dorsal hippocampus were trained in an olfactory associative task requiring the acquisition of both a procedural and a declarative-like memory. Rats with dorsolateral striatum lesions, and thus an intact hippocampus, were impaired on both sub-categories of memory performance. Rats with dorsal hippocampal lesions exhibited a substantial deficit in learning the declarative-like cue-reward associations, while the acquisition of the procedural memory component of the task was not affected. These data suggest that the dorsolateral striatum is required to acquire the task rule while the dorsal hippocampus is required to acquire the association between a given stimulus and its associated outcome. The finding is that the dorsolateral striatum and the dorsal hippocampus most probably contribute to successful learning of cue-reward associations in a sequential (from procedural to declarative-like memory) order using this olfactory associative learning task.
Published: 2013
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25. Olfactory stem cells reveal MOCOS as a new player in autism spectrum disorders

Author: Féron, François-Xavier, Gepner, B, Lacassagne, E, Stephan, S, Mesnage, M, Blanchard, M, Boulanger, N, Tardif, C, Devèze, A, Rousseau, Sylvain, Suzuki, K, Belmonte, Jc, Khrestchatisky, M, Nivet, E, Erard-Garcia, M, Neurobiologie des interactions cellulaires et neurophysiopathologie - NICN (NICN), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Investigations Cliniques en Biothérapie (CBT 1409), INSERM, Centre de recherche en neurobiologie - neurophysiologie de Marseille (CRN2M), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Technologies avancées pour le génôme et la clinique (TAGC), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche en Psychologie de la Connaissance, du Langage et de l'Émotion (PsyCLÉ), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Département ORL, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Département Anesthésie, Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Systèmes d'élevage méditerranéens et tropicaux (UMR SELMET), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Réponse immunitaire et developpement chez les insectes (RIDI - UPR 9002), Institut de biologie moléculaire et cellulaire (IBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service d'ORL, CHU Nord, Laboratoire de Biomécanique Appliquée (LBA UMR T24), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université Gustave Eiffel, Neurobiologie intégrative et adaptative (NIA), Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de biologie moléculaire et cellulaire (IBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Institut de biologie et chimie des protéines [Lyon] (IBCP), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), and Tardif, Carole
Subjects: Adult, Male, Autism Spectrum Disorder, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], autism spectrum disorders, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, MOCOS, Olfactory Receptor Neurons, [SHS.PSY] Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, Mice, Olfactory Mucosa, stem cells, Animals, Humans, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], neurotransmission, Caenorhabditis elegans, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Sulfurtransferases, autism spectrum disorders, neurotransmission , MOCOS, stem cells, [SCCO.PSYC] Cognitive science/Psychology, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, Original Article, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], France
Abstract: International audience; With an onset under the age of 3 years, autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are now understood as diseases arising from pre-and/or early postnatal brain developmental anomalies and/or early brain insults. To unveil the molecular mechanisms taking place during the misshaping of the developing brain, we chose to study cells that are representative of the very early stages of ontogenesis, namely stem cells. Here we report on MOlybdenum COfactor Sulfurase (MOCOS), an enzyme involved in purine metabolism, as a newly identified player in ASD. We found in adult nasal olfactory stem cells of 11 adults with ASD that MOCOS is downregulated in most of them when compared with 11 age-and gender-matched control adults without any neuropsychiatric disorders. Genetic approaches using in vivo and in vitro engineered models converge to indicate that altered expression of MOCOS results in neurotransmission and synaptic defects. Furthermore, we found that MOCOS misexpression induces increased oxidative-stress sensitivity. Our results demonstrate that altered MOCOS expression is likely to have an impact on neurodevelopment and neurotransmission, and may explain comorbid conditions, including gastrointestinal disorders. We anticipate our discovery to be a fresh starting point for the study on the roles of MOCOS in brain development and its functional implications in ASD clinical symptoms. Moreover, our study suggests the possible development of new diagnostic tests based on MOCOS expression, and paves the way for drug screening targeting MOCOS and/or the purine metabolism to ultimately develop novel treatments in ASD.
Published: 2016
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26. Involvement of Striatal Cholinergic Interneurons and M1 and M4 Muscarinic Receptors in Motor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease

Author: Jeremy Camon, Martine Liberge, Lydia Kerkerian-Le Goff, Samira Ztaou, Gaëlle Guiraudie-Capraz, Marianne Amalric, Nicolas Maurice, Corinne Beurrier, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives [Marseille] (LNC), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dynamique et physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en biologie (CIRB), Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée [Aix-Marseille Université] (INMED - INSERM U901), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Neurobiologie intégrative et adaptative (NIA), Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille (IBDM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-BLAN-1416,OptoChAT-Park,Plasticité et rôle des microcircuits striataux impliquant les interneurones cholinergiques dans le fonctionnement physiopathologique des ganglions de la base.(2010), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Neurobiologie des interactions cellulaires et neurophysiopathologie - NICN (NICN), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Khrestchatisky, Michel, BLANC - Plasticité et rôle des microcircuits striataux impliquant les interneurones cholinergiques dans le fonctionnement physiopathologique des ganglions de la base. - - OptoChAT-Park2010 - ANR-10-BLAN-1416 - BLANC - VALID, and beurrier, corinne
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, striatum, Parkinson's disease, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Striatum, Hypokinesia, Functional Laterality, Levodopa, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Postsynaptic potential, Transduction, Genetic, Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, Basal ganglia, cholinergic interneurons, General Neuroscience, Parkinson Disease, Articles, motor symptoms, Cholinergic Neurons, Motor coordination, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], basal ganglia, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Psychology, medicine.drug, Genotype, Mice, Transgenic, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Medium spiny neuron, Choline O-Acetyltransferase, 03 medical and health sciences, Adrenergic Agents, Dopamine, medicine, Animals, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Maze Learning, Oxidopamine, Analysis of Variance, muscarinic receptors, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Receptor, Muscarinic M4, Receptor, Muscarinic M1, [SDV.NEU.NB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Corpus Striatum, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Optogenetics, Amphetamine, Disease Models, Animal, Luminescent Proteins, 030104 developmental biology, nervous system, Mutation, Exploratory Behavior, Cholinergic, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; Over the last decade, striatal cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) have reemerged as key actors in the pathophysiology of basal-ganglia-related movement disorders. However, the mechanisms involved are still unclear. In this study, we address the role of ChI activity in the expression of parkinsonian-like motor deficits in a unilateral nigrostriatal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion model using optogenetic and pharmacological approaches. Dorsal striatal photoinhibition of ChIs in lesioned ChAT(cre/cre) mice expressing halorhodopsin in ChIs reduces akinesia, bradykinesia, and sensorimotor neglect. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) blockade by scopolamine produces similar anti-parkinsonian effects. To decipher which of the mAChR subtypes provides these beneficial effects, systemic and intrastriatal administration of the selective M1 and M4 mAChR antagonists telenzepine and tropicamide, respectively, were tested in the same model of Parkinson's disease. The two compounds alleviate 6-OHDA lesion-induced motor deficits. Telenzepine produces its beneficial effects by blocking postsynaptic M1 mAChRs expressed on medium spiny neurons (MSNs) at the origin of the indirect striatopallidal and direct striatonigral pathways. The anti-parkinsonian effects of tropicamide were almost completely abolished in mutant lesioned mice that lack M4 mAChRs specifically in dopamine D1-receptor-expressing neurons, suggesting that postsynaptic M4 mAChRs expressed on direct MSNs mediate the antiakinetic action of tropicamide. The present results show that altered cholinergic transmission via M1 and M4 mAChRs of the dorsal striatum plays a pivotal role in the occurrence of motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT:The striatum, where dopaminergic and cholinergic systems interact, is the pivotal structure of basal ganglia involved in pathophysiological changes underlying Parkinson's disease. Here, using optogenetic and pharmacological approaches, we investigated the involvement of striatal cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) and muscarinic receptor subtypes (mAChRs) in the occurrence of a wide range of motor deficits such as akinesia, bradykinesia, motor coordination, and sensorimotor neglect after unilateral nigrostriatal 6-hydroxydopamine lesion in mice. Our results show that photoinhibition of ChIs in the dorsal striatum and pharmacological blockade of muscarinic receptors, specifically postsynaptic M1 and M4 mAChRs, alleviate lesion-induced motor deficits. The present study points to these receptor subtypes as potential targets for the symptomatic treatment of parkinsonian-like motor symptoms.
Published: 2016
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27. Pleasure and the Control of Food Intake: An Embodied Cognition Approach to Consumer Self-Regulation

Author: Petit, O, Basso, F, Merunka, D, Spence, C, Cheok, A, Oullier, O, Laboratoire de psychologie cognitive (LPC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Department of Statistics - London School of Economics (LSE), London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), Centre d'Études et de Recherche en Gestion d'Aix-Marseille (CERGAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), Institut d'Administration des Entreprises (IAE) - Aix-en-Provence (AMU IAE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), University of Oxford [Oxford], City University London, Neurobiologie intégrative et adaptative (NIA), Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of Oxford
Subjects: BF Psychology, [SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration
Abstract: International audience; Consumers try to avoid temptation when exposed to appetizing foods by diverting their attention away from their senses (e.g., sight, smell, mouthfeel) and bodily states (e.g., state of arousal, salivation) in order to focus on their longer term goals (e.g., eating healthily, achieving an ideal body weight). However, when not including sensations in their decision‐making processes, consumers risk depleting their self‐regulatory resources, potentially leading to unhealthy food choices. Conversely, based on the concept of “embodied self‐regulation,” the suggestion is made that considering bodily states may help consumers regulate their food choices more effectively. A new model is proposed that facilitates understanding observed consumer behavior and the success or failure of self‐control in food intake. It is argued that bodily states and sensory information should be considered when modeling consumer behavior and developing health‐related advocacy and communication campaigns. The model proposed here leads to new perspectives on consumer consumption behavior and health policy research and strategies.
Published: 2016
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28. Expression of polysialyltransferases (STX and PST) in adult rat ă olfactory bulb after an olfactory associative discrimination task

Author: J. Mione, Y. Duhoo, Gaëlle Guiraudie-Capraz, Christine Manrique, François S. Roman, Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille (IBDM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Neurobiologie intégrative et adaptative (NIA), Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Neurobiologie des interactions cellulaires et neurophysiopathologie - NICN (NICN), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Neurogenesis, Cognitive Neuroscience, Hippocampus, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, Discrimination, Psychological, 0302 clinical medicine, Neuroplasticity, Animals, Discrimination learning, 10. No inequality, Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal Plasticity, Polysialic acid, Association Learning, Olfactory Perception, Olfactory Bulb, Sialyltransferases, Rats, Olfactory bulb, Associative learning, Smell, 030104 developmental biology, nervous system, Odorants, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Neural cell adhesion molecule, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Psychology, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; Neuronal plasticity and neurogenesis occur in the adult hippocampus and ă in other brain structures such as the olfactory bulb and often involve ă the neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM. During an olfactory associative ă discrimination learning task, NCAM polysialylation triggers neuronal ă plasticity in the adult hippocampus. The PST enzyme likely modulates ă this polysialylation, but not STX, a second sialyltransferase. How the ă two polysialyltransferases are involved in the adult olfactory bulb ă remains unknown. We addressed this question by investigating the effect ă of olfactory associative learning on plasticity and neurogenesis. After ă a hippocampo-dependent olfactory associative task learning, we measured ă the expression of both PST and STX polysialyltransferases in the ă olfactory bulbs of adult rats using quantitative PCR. In parallel, ă immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate both NCAM polysialylation ă level and newly-born cells, with or without learning. After learning, no ă changes were observed neither in the expression level of PST and NCAM ă polysialylation, nor in STX gene expression level and newly-born cells ă number in the olfactory bulb. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights ă reserved.
Published: 2016
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29. Optimal visuo-tactile integration for velocity discrimination of self-hand movements

Author: Anna Montagnini, Marie Chancel, Michel Guerraz, Anne Kavounoudias, Caroline Blanchard, Laboratoire de Neurosciences intégratives et adaptatives (LNIA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition (LPNC ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (INT), ANR-12-JSH2-0005,Multisense,Intégration multisensorielle et perception kinesthesique : corrélats cérébraux, modélisation Bayésienne et plasticité adaptative liée au vieillissement(2012), Neurobiologie intégrative et adaptative (NIA), Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Kavounoudias, Anne, and Jeunes Chercheuses et Jeunes Chercheurs - Intégration multisensorielle et perception kinesthesique : corrélats cérébraux, modélisation Bayésienne et plasticité adaptative liée au vieillissement - - Multisense2012 - ANR-12-JSH2-0005 - JC - VALID
Subjects: Physiology, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV.NEU.PC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, Illusion, Sensory Processing, 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Perception, Multisensory integration, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Sensory cue, media_common, Communication, Sensory stimulation therapy, Proprioception, [SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, Two-alternative forced choice, business.industry, Muscle proprioception, General Neuroscience, 05 social sciences, Kinesthetic learning, Illusions, Bayesian modeling, Kinesthesia, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], business, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: International audience; Optimal visuotactile integration for velocity discrimination of self-hand movements. Illusory hand movements can be elicited by a textured disk or a visual pattern rotating under one's hand, while proprioceptive inputs convey immobility information (Blanchard C, Roll R, Roll JP, Kavounoudias A. PLoS One 8: e62475, 2013). Here, we investigated whether visuotactile integration can optimize velocity discrimination of illusory hand movements in line with Bayesian predictions. We induced illusory movements in 15 volunteers by visual and/or tactile stimulation delivered at six angular velocities. Participants had to compare hand illusion velocities with a 5°/s hand reference movement in an alternative forced choice paradigm. Results showed that the discrimination threshold decreased in the visuotactile condition compared with unimodal (visual or tactile) conditions, reflecting better bimodal discrimination. The perceptual strength (gain) of the illusions also increased: the stimulation required to give rise to a 5°/s illusory movement was slower in the visuotactile condition compared with each of the two unimodal conditions. The maximum likelihood estimation model satisfactorily predicted the improved discrimination threshold but not the increase in gain. When we added a zero-centered prior, reflecting immobility information, the Bayesian model did actually predict the gain increase but systematically overestimated it. Interestingly, the predicted gains better fit the visuotactile performances when a proprioceptive noise was generated by covibrating antagonist wrist muscles. These findings show that kinesthetic information of visual and tactile origins is optimally integrated to improve velocity discrimination of self-hand movements. However, a Bayesian model alone could not fully describe the illusory phenomenon pointing to the crucial importance of the omnipresent muscle propriocep-tive cues with respect to other sensory cues for kinesthesia. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study demonstrates, for the first time, that kinesthetic information of visual and tactile origins are optimally integrated (Bayesian modeling) to improve velocity discrimination for self-hand movement. We used an original paradigm consisting of similar illusory hand movements induced through visual and tactile stimulation. By testing the role of other sources of information favoring nonmoving hand perception, we also highlight the key contribution of the omnipresent muscle proprioceptive information and its overweighting for kinesthesia.
Published: 2016
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30. Autour de l’entrée en institution des personnes âgées et /ou handicapées

Author: Aimonetti, Jean-Marc, Aimonetti, Jean-Marc, Neurobiologie intégrative et adaptative (NIA), and Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Gérontologie sociale-vieillissement-vieillesse, [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, [SHS.SOCIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2016

31. Molecular gene expression following blunt and rotational models of traumatic brain injury parallel injuries associated with stroke and depression

Author: Nicolas Fernandez, Mårten Risling, Johan Davidsson, Caroline Chambon, Béatrice Alescio-Lautier, Michael Ogier, Véronique Paban, Neurobiologie intégrative et adaptative (NIA), Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Neurosciences intégratives et adaptatives (LNIA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Département Neurosciences et Contraintes Opérationnelles, Unité de Neurophysiologie du Stress, 92123 Brétignysur- Orge cedex, France, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Département Neurosciences et Contraintes Opérationnelles, Unité de Neurophysiologie du Stress, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska institutet, and Injury Prevention Group, Division of Vehicle Safety, Applied Mechanics, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, Microarray, [SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, Traumatic brain injury, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Alcohol dependence, [SDV.NEU.SC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences, Cognition, Disease, medicine.disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Frontal lobe, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, medicine, Psychology, Neuroscience, Stroke, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Depression (differential diagnoses), 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: International audience; Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with a collection of physical, emotional and cognitive post complications. The background for such complex consequences may be due to a number of different factors, and the nature of these changes indicates that the frontal lobes may be implicated. In this study we have employed gene expression arrays and gene ontology databases to search for possible similarities between different forms of acquired brain injuries in order to test whether molecular relationships exist between the different pathologies. Two types of experimental models for traumatic brain injuries, lateral fluid percussion and rotational acceleration, were used. Their molecular signature was identified and compared with those related to other rodent models simulating stress, depression, alcohol dependence, stroke, and Alzheimer's disease. The data show that the two TBI models share similar gene expression changes with the models with regard to depression and stroke, indicating a common molecular support between these pathologies. The data provided can contribute to the introduction of new treatment strategies related to TBI.
Published: 2016
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32. Fusimotor Drive May Adjust Muscle Spindle Feedback to Task Requirements in Humans

Author: Jean-Pierre Roll, Jean-Marc Aimonetti, Valérie Hospod, Edith Ribot-Ciscar, Neurobiologie intégrative et adaptative (NIA), Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Neurobiologie Humaine, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Physiology, Movement, Muscle spindle, Electromyography, Feedback, Task (project management), Young Adult, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Task Performance and Analysis, medicine, Humans, Attention, Neurons, Afferent, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Spindles, Sensory cue, Motor Neurons, Communication, medicine.diagnostic_test, Movement (music), business.industry, General Neuroscience, Microneurography, Proprioception, medicine.anatomical_structure, Nonlinear Dynamics, Focusing attention, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Female, Psychology, business, Common peroneal nerve
Abstract: International audience; Ribot-Ciscar E, Hospod V, Roll JP, Aimonetti JM. Fusimotor drive may adjust muscle spindle feedback to task requirements in humans. J Neurophysiol 101: 633-640, 2009. First published November 26, 2008; doi:10.1152/jn.91041.2008. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the fusimotor control of muscle spindle sensitivity may depend on the movement parameter the task is focused on, either the velocity or the final position reached. The unitary activities of 18 muscle spindle afferents were recorded by microneurography at the common peroneal nerve. We compared in two situations the responses of muscle spindle afferents to ankle movements imposed while the subject was instructed not to pay attention to or to pay attention to the movement, both in the absence of visual cues. In the two situations, three ramp-and-hold movements were imposed in random order. In one situation, the three movements differed by their velocity and in the other by the final position reached. The task consisted in ranking the three movements according to the parameter under consideration (for example, slow, fast, and medium). The results showed that paying attention to movement velocity gave rise to a significant increase in the dynamic and static responses of muscle afferents. In contrast, focusing attention on the final position reached made the muscle spindle feedback better discriminate the different positions and depressed its capacity to discriminate movement velocities. Changes are interpreted as reflecting dynamic and static gamma activation, respectively. The present results support the view that the fusimotor drive depends on the parameter the task is focused on, so that the muscle afferent feedback is adjusted to the task requirements.
Published: 2009
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33. Exploring brain activity in neuroeconomics

Author: Olivier Oullier, Armin Fuchs, Sylvain Charron, Melmi, Jean-Baptiste, Centre de recherche en épistémologie appliquée (CREA), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Neurobiologie intégrative et adaptative (NIA), and Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: neuroimaging, PET, fMRI, EEG, MEG, TMS, tDCS, Political Science and International Relations, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, [SCCO.PSYC] Cognitive science/Psychology, Neuroeconomics, Psychology, Humanities
Abstract: La neuroeconomie utilise un ensemble de techniques pour etudier les processus cerebraux sous-tendant la prise de decision dans un contexte economique. L’objectif de cet article est de presenter celles qui sont le plus couramment employees. Les caracteristiques principales ainsi que les avantages et les limites de la Tomographie par Emission de Positron (TEP), l’Imagerie par Resonance Magnetique fonctionnelle (IRMf ), l’Electro-EncephaloGraphie (EEG), la MagnetoEncephaloGraphie (MEG) et la stimulation transcrânienne (TMS et tDCS) sont presentees.
Published: 2008

34. Social Neuroeconomics : A dynamical systems perspective

Author: Olivier Oullier, J. A. Scott Kelso, Alan Kirman, Melmi, Jean-Baptiste, Neurobiologie intégrative et adaptative (NIA), Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University [Boca Raton], Intelligent Systems Research Centre, and University of Ulster
Subjects: Perspective (geometry), [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, Political Science and International Relations, [SCCO.PSYC] Cognitive science/Psychology, metastability, emergence, self, organization, phase transitions, cognition, emotions, Sociology, Humanities, Social psychology
Abstract: Dans cet article nous envisageons la neuroeconomie des interactions sociales du point de vue des systemes complexes et de la theorie des systemes dynamiques. Nous developpons le probleme de la non-equivalence entre les differents niveaux d’analyse qui n’a pas encore ete aborde dans le cadre de la recherche en neuroeconomie. Ce probleme se pose lorsque l’on desire integrer dans un meme cadre theorique et/ou methodologique des donnees collectees a differentes echelles (du niveau individuel au niveau collectif) de description dans le cerveau ou dans la societe. Enfin, nous illustrons comment la theorie des systemes dynamiques pourrait offrir des voies originales dans la comprehension des relations entre l’activite cerebrale dynamique comportementale et prise de decision. Tout comme il ne serait pas opportun de reduire les sciences economiques a une approche basee exclusivement sur les sciences physiques, nous ne desirons pas developper un cadre theorique et experimental unique pour les sciences economiques et les neurosciences. Nous cherchons plutot a definir plus clairement les differentes echelles de description et a mettre en exergue leur dynamique partagee. Ainsi pourrons-nous comprendre les interactions entre des phenomenes se deroulant de maniere concomitante a differents niveaux d’analyse.
Published: 2008

35. A microneurographic approach of tactile sensitivity in human

Author: Aimonetti, Jean-Marc, Neurobiologie intégrative et adaptative (NIA), Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Aimonetti, Jean-Marc
Subjects: [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2015

36. Vieillissement et handicap : altération et compensation. Pour un mieux-être en devenir

Author: Aimonetti, Jean-Marc, Neurobiologie intégrative et adaptative (NIA), Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Aimonetti, Jean-Marc
Subjects: Gérontologie sociale-vieillissement-vieillesse, [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, [SHS.SOCIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2015

37. La musique adoucit les moeurs... et diminue le stress

Author: Neveux, Claire, Ferard, Marion, Dickel, Ludovic, BouËt, Valentine, Lansade, Léa, Vidament, Marianne, Petit, Odile, Valenchon, Mathilde, Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Groupe Mémoire et Plasticité comportementale (GMPc), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Neurobiologie intégrative et adaptative (NIA), Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Société Française pour l'Etude du Comportement Animal, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert CURIEN (IPHC), ETHOS, UMR6552, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur] (IFCE)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, [SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.NEU.PC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, [SDV.BA.ZI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, [SDV.NEU.SC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], [SDV.NEU.SC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences
Abstract: National audience; Les conditions d'élevage suppposent souvent d'exposer les chevaux domestiques (Equus caballus) à des épisodes de stress variés, comme par exemple le confinement en box, des manipulations potentiellement aversives (e.g. transport, maréchalerie) ou encore l'exposition à des stimuli nouveaux/soudains. L'état de stress induit peut alors compromettre le bien-être des animaux, ainsi que leur sécurité et celle des humains. Afin de répondre à ce problème, notre objectif était de tester une procédure de diffusion de musique via un dispositif portatif intra-auriculaire afin d'améliorer la gestion des chevaux lors d'épisodes de stress en diminuant l'intensité de leur réaction. Les propriétés relaxantes de la musique ont en effet été déjà démontrées chez de nombreuses espèces (e.g. rongeurs, chevaux). Nous avons donc comparé un groupe de chevaux exposés à de la musique à un groupe de chevaux témoins lorsqu'ils étaient soumis à différentes situations potentiellement stressantes : au box, lors d'un test de marche en main dans un environnement stressant (étude 2014 menée sur 2 x 10 chevaux de loisirs) et lors d'une manipulation de maréchalerie (étude 2015 menée sur 2 x 8 chevaux de sport). Une bande-son de musique classique était diffusée en continu à travers des écouteurs placés à l'entrée des pavillons auriculaires de chaque cheval. Des observations comportementales ont été réalisées, de même que l'enregistrement de l'activité cardiaque. Ainsi, nous avons observé que les chevaux exposés à de la musique durant 10 mn dans leur box expriment significativement plus de comportements à valence positive que les témoins (e.g. manger du foin, P < 0,05). De même, lors du test de marche en main, les chevaux exposés à la musique tendent à exprimer moins de comportements de stress (e.g. sursauts, vigilance, P = 0,06), ainsi qu'une récupération post-stress de la fréquence cardiaque plus rapide (P < 0,05). Enfin, les analyses préliminaires de la seconde expérience montrent que les chevaux exposés à la musique lors d'une manipulation de maréchalerie expriment moins de comportements de stress (souffle/ronfle, P < 0,05) et plus de comportements d'exploration (e.g. mordillement de la longe, P < 0,01). Cette seconde étude sera complétée par des données comportementales et physiologiques, mais l'ensemble de nos résultats suggère déjà qu'une exposition musicale via un dispositif portatif aurait bien un effet bénéfique en diminuant l'intensité de l'état de stress des chevaux dans différentes situations stressantes.
Published: 2015

38. Conscience et anosognosie dans le traumatisme crânien

Author: Aimonetti, Jean-Marc, Neurobiologie intégrative et adaptative (NIA), Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Aimonetti, Jean-Marc
Subjects: [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2015

39. La peau en médecine du sport

Author: Aimonetti, Jean-Marc, Neurobiologie intégrative et adaptative (NIA), Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Aimonetti, Jean-Marc
Subjects: [SDV.MHEP.PHY] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2015

40. A Neuro-Mechanical Model for Interpersonal Coordination

Author: Jean-Jacques Temprado, Aymar de Rugy, Olivier Oullier, Robin N. Salesse, Tir, Nadia, Neurobiologie intégrative et adaptative (NIA), and Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Adult, Male, Engineering, General Computer Science, Movement, media_common.quotation_subject, Models, Neurological, Complex system, Neuropsychological Tests, Asymmetry, Feedback, Biological Clocks, Control theory, Humans, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Muscle, Skeletal, media_common, business.industry, Oscillation, Mode (statistics), Pendulum, Resonance, Function (mathematics), Wrist, Imitative Behavior, Biomechanical Phenomena, Coupling (physics), Arm, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Female, business, Psychomotor Performance, Biotechnology
Abstract: The present study investigates the coordination between two people oscillating handheld pendulums, with a special emphasis on the influence of the mechanical properties of the effector systems involved. The first part of the study is an experiment in which eight pairs of participants are asked to coordinate the oscillation of their pendulum with the other participant's in an in-phase or antiphase fashion. Two types of pendulums, A and B, having different resonance frequencies (Freq A=0.98 Hz and Freq B=0.64 Hz), were used in different experimental combinations. Results confirm that the preferred frequencies produced by participants while manipulating each pendulum individually were close to the resonance frequencies of the pendulums. In their attempt to synchronize with one another, participants met at common frequencies that were influenced by the mechanical properties of the two pendulums involved. In agreement with previous studies, both the variability of the behavior and the shift in the intended relative phase were found to depend on the task-effector asymmetry, i.e., the difference between the mechanical properties of the effector systems involved. In the second part of the study, we propose a model to account for these results. The model consists of two cross-coupled neuro-mechanical units, each composed of a neural oscillator driving a wrist-pendulum system. Taken individually, each unit reproduced the natural tendency of the participants to freely oscillate a pendulum close to its resonance frequency. When cross-coupled through the vision of the pendulum of the other unit, the two units entrain each other and meet at a common frequency influenced by the mechanical properties of the two pendulums involved. The ability of the proposed model to address the other effects observed as a function of the different conditions of the pendulum and intended mode of coordination is discussed.
Published: 2006
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41. Transient hippocampal down-regulation of Kv1.1 subunit mRNA during associative learning in rats

Author: Christiane Mourre, Pascal Salin, Christine Manrique, Saïd Kourrich, Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille (IBDM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Tir, Nadia, Neurobiologie intégrative et adaptative (NIA), and Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Male, Time Factors, Cognitive Neuroscience, Conditioning, Classical, Central nervous system, Down-Regulation, Hippocampus, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, In situ hybridization, Hippocampal formation, Discrimination Learning, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Animals, RNA, Messenger, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Discrimination learning, 030304 developmental biology, Analysis of Variance, 0303 health sciences, Messenger RNA, Association Learning, Olfactory Bulb, Research Papers, Rats, Associative learning, Olfactory bulb, Smell, Protein Subunits, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, medicine.anatomical_structure, nervous system, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Kv1.1 Potassium Channel, Psychology, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Voltage-gated potassium channels (Kv) are critically involved in learning and memory processes. It is not known, however, whether the expression of the Kv1.1 subunit, constituting Kv1 channels, can be specifically regulated in brain areas important for learning and memory processing. Radioactive in situ hybridization was used to evaluate the content of Kv1.1 α-subunit mRNA in the olfactory bulb, ventral, and dorsal hippocampus at different stages of an odor-discrimination associative task in rats. Naive, conditioned, and pseudoconditioned animals were sacrificed at different times either prior to a two-odor significance learning or after odor discrimination was established. Important decreases of Kv1.1 mRNA levels were transiently observed in the ventral hippocampus before successful learning when compared with the pseudoconditioned group. Moreover, temporal group analysis showed significant labeling alterations in the hippocampus of conditioned and pseudoconditioned groups throughout the training. Finally, Kv1.1 mRNA levels in the hippocampus were positively correlated with odor-reward association learning in rats that were beginning to discriminate between odors. These findings indicate that the Kv1.1 subunit is transiently down-regulated in the early stages of learning and suggest that Kv1 channel expression regulation is critical for the modification of neuronal substrates underlying new information acquisition.
Published: 2005
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42. Bilateral changes in somatosensory sensibility after unilateral below-knee amputation

Author: Camille Tremblay, Denis Gravel, Anne Kavounoudias, Robert Forget, Andreea Iancu, Tir, Nadia, Neurobiologie intégrative et adaptative (NIA), and Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, medicine.medical_treatment, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Sensory system, Somatosensory system, Prosthesis, Amputation, Surgical, Amputees, Sensory threshold, medicine, Humans, Postoperative Period, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Leg, Rehabilitation, Proprioception, business.industry, Middle Aged, Adaptation, Physiological, Cross-Sectional Studies, medicine.anatomical_structure, Amputation, Sensory Thresholds, Physical therapy, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Female, Ankle, business
Abstract: Kavounoudias A, Tremblay C, Gravel D, Iancu A, Forget R. Bilateral changes in somatosensory sensibility after unilateral below-knee amputation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2005;86:633–40. Objective To evaluate possible alteration in proprioceptive and cutaneous sensibility in the nonamputated leg of unilateral transtibial amputees. Design Cross-sectional study with between-subjects (amputees vs controls) and within-subjects (nonamputated vs amputated leg) comparisons. Setting Canadian rehabilitation hospital research laboratory. Participants Two groups of amputees (34 due to traumatic causes, 14 due to vascular causes), recruited more than 1 year after their prosthetic training; and 2 groups (n=34, n=14) of age-matched control subjects. Interventions Not applicable. Main outcome measures Threshold of movement detection and touch-pressure perception at the knee and foot levels. Results In the traumatic group, the sensory thresholds of the nonamputated leg were significantly higher than the control values in the 2 modalities tested. The movement detection was reduced at the knee and ankle levels, whereas a decrease in touch-pressure sensibility was observed only at the plantar site. As expected, a large proportion of the vascular amputees presented with severe sensory deficits in the nonamputated leg, particularly a loss in touch-pressure perception at the foot. The thresholds of movement detection were similar and correlated at both knees in the 2 groups of amputees. For the touch-pressure thresholds, no significant relationship was found between sides at the knee level. Conclusions Sensory changes observed in the nonamputated leg suggest that central sensory adaptations occur after amputation. For movement detection, they were marked by a matching of perception on both sides of the body. Functional significance of these changes remains to be determined.
Published: 2005
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43. Spontaneous bursting neuronal discharges recorded from peripheral nerve in human: injury discharges or not?

Author: Johan Thunberg, Edith Ribot-Ciscar, J-P Roll, Mikael Bergenheim, Center of Musculoskeletal research, University of Gävle, Neurobiologie intégrative et adaptative (NIA), and Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Adult, Neurons, Nerve fibre, General Neuroscience, Action Potentials, Stimulation, Microneurography, Lesion, Neural activity, Bursting, Peripheral Nerve Injuries, Peripheral nerve, medicine, Humans, Premovement neuronal activity, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Peripheral Nerves, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Neuroscience
Abstract: International audience; This paper deals with a spontaneous, bursting neuronal activity which can not be altered by any stimulation in the periphery or voluntary actions or by cognitive tasks. An initial description of such units led to the conclusion that this activity was generated ectopically at the site of a previous or present impalement of a nerve fibre. The aim of the current study was to record a larger number of these units by using microneurography, in order to characterise their firing properties and particularly, see if any subtypes of units could be identified. In conclusion, this paper suggests that some of these discharges could be related to an injury of the nerve fibre, however most of them could not. Some hypothesis regarding the nature of these bursting activities are suggested. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Published: 2004
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44. Facilitation of triceps brachii muscle contraction by tendon vibration after chronic cervical spinal cord injury

Author: Jane E. Butler, Edith Ribot-Ciscar, Christine K. Thomas, Neurobiologie intégrative et adaptative (NIA), Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine (UMMSM)
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Physiology, Triceps reflex, Vibration, Tendons, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Isometric Contraction, Physiology (medical), Reflex, Elbow, medicine, Humans, Tonic vibration reflex, Muscle, Skeletal, Spinal Cord Injuries, Biceps reflex, business.industry, Triceps brachii muscle, Muscle weakness, Anatomy, Middle Aged, musculoskeletal system, Spinal cord, Tendon, medicine.anatomical_structure, Chronic Disease, Arm, Cervical Vertebrae, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Female, medicine.symptom, business, Muscle contraction
Abstract: International audience; One way to improve the weak triceps brachii voluntary forces of people with chronic cervical spinal cord injury may be to excite the paralyzed or submaximally activated fraction of muscle. Here we examined whether elbow extensor force was enhanced by vibration ( 80 Hz) of the triceps or biceps brachii tendons at rest and during maximum isometric voluntary contractions (MVCs) of the elbow extensors performed by spinal cord-injured subjects. The mean +/- SE elbow extensor MVC force was 22 +/- 17.5 N (range: 0 - 23% control force, n = 11 muscles). Supramaximal radial nerve stimuli delivered during elbow extensor MVCs evoked force in six muscles that could be stimulated selectively, suggesting potential for force improvement. Biceps vibration at rest always evoked a tonic vibration reflex in biceps, but extension force did not improve with biceps vibration during triceps MVCs. Triceps vibration induced a tonic vibration reflex at rest in one-half of the triceps muscles tested. Elbow extensor MVC force ( when >1% of control force) was enhanced by vibration of the triceps tendon in one-half of the muscles. Thus triceps, but not biceps, brachii tendon vibration increases the contraction strength of some partially paralyzed triceps brachii muscles.
Published: 2003
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45. Motor and parietal cortical areas both underlie kinaesthesia

Author: Laurence Casini, Jean-Luc Anton, Muriel Roth, Jean-Pierre Roll, Patricia Romaiguère, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement Etienne Jules Marey (ISM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut für Kernphysik [Darmstadt], Technische Universität Darmstadt (TU Darmstadt), Neurobiologie intégrative et adaptative (NIA), Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Technische Universität Darmstadt - Technical University of Darmstadt (TU Darmstadt)
Subjects: Adult, Male, Cognitive Neuroscience, media_common.quotation_subject, Muscle spindle, Illusion, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Sensory system, Vibration, 050105 experimental psychology, movement velocity, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, tendon vibration, 0302 clinical medicine, Parietal Lobe, Perception, Sensation, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Muscle, Skeletal, Kinesthesis, media_common, Brain Mapping, Motor area, movement illusions, fMRI, 05 social sciences, Motor Cortex, Motor control, Middle Aged, Wrist, Tendon vibration, Illusions, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, medicine.anatomical_structure, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], hand, Psychology, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; Tendon vibration has long been known to evoke perception of illusory movements through activation of muscle spindle primary endings. Few studies, however, have dealt with the cortical processes resulting in these kinaesthetic illusions. We conceived an fMRI experiment to investigate the cortical structures taking part in these illusory perceptions. Since muscle spindle afferents project onto different cortical areas involved in motor control it was necessary to discriminate between activation related to sensory processes and activation related to perceptual processes. To this end, we designed and compared different conditions. In two illusion conditions, covibration at different frequencies of the tendons of the right wrist flexor and extensor muscle groups evoked perception of slow or fast illusory movements. In a no illusion condition, covibration at the same frequency of the tendons of these antagonist muscle groups did not evoke a sensation of movement. Results showed activation of most cortical areas involved in sensorimotor control in both illusion conditions. However, in most areas, activation tended to be larger when the movement perceived was faster. In the no illusion condition, motor and premotor areas were little or not activated. Specific contrasts showed that perception of an illusory movement was specifically related to activation in the left premotor, sensorimotor, and parietal cortices as well as in bilateral supplementary motor and cingulate motor areas. We conclude that activation in motor as well as in parietal areas is necessary for a kinaesthetic sensation to arise. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2003
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46. Cutaneous afferents from human plantar sole contribute to body posture awareness

Author: Régine Roll, Jean-Pierre Roll, Anne Kavounoudias, Neurobiologie intégrative et adaptative (NIA), and Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, media_common.quotation_subject, Posture, Motion Perception, Stimulation, Vibration, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Orientation (mental), Orientation, Physical Stimulation, Perception, medicine, Humans, Force platform, Set (psychology), Kinesthesis, Postural Balance, Skin, media_common, Foot (prosody), Afferent Pathways, Communication, Sensory stimulation therapy, Proprioception, Foot, business.industry, General Neuroscience, [SDV.NEU.SC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences, Middle Aged, Illusions, Touch, Space Perception, Female, Sensory Deprivation, business, Psychology, Mechanoreceptors
Abstract: International audience; We investigated whether the tactile information from the main supporting areas of the foot are used by the brain for perceptual purposes, namely body posture awareness and body representation in space. We applied various patterns of tactile stimulation to one or both soles of unmoving and blindfolded subjects by a 60 micro-vibrator tactile matrix set in a force platform. The perceptual effects of the stimulation were assessed through a 3D joystick handled by the subjects. All subjects reported illusory perceptions of whole-body leaning. Both orientation and amplitude of these perceptions depended on the stimulation pattern. Additional kinesthetic illusions sometimes occurred along the longitudinal axis of the body. We conclude that foot sole input contributes to the coding and the spatial representation of body posture.
Published: 2002
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47. The preferred sensory direction of muscle spindle primary endings influences the velocity coding of two-dimensional limb movements in humans

Author: Edith Ribot-Ciscar, Mikael Bergenheim, Jean-Pierre Roll, Tir, Nadia, Neurobiologie intégrative et adaptative (NIA), and Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Adult, Central Nervous System, Movement, Muscle spindle, Population, Action Potentials, Sensory system, Sensory receptor, Reaction Time, medicine, Humans, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Muscle, Skeletal, education, Muscle Spindles, Physics, education.field_of_study, Proprioception, General Neuroscience, Extremities, Body movement, Microneurography, Anatomy, medicine.anatomical_structure, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], medicine.symptom, Neuroscience, Muscle Contraction, Muscle contraction
Abstract: The present study compares how accurately two different but close velocities of movement are discriminated by populations of muscle spindle primary afferents whether or not one takes into account the direction of the movement and the preferred sensory directions of the units (i.e., the direction of movement to which the afferents are the most sensitive). The activities of 26 muscle spindle primary endings originating from the tibialis anterior, the extensor digitorum longus, the extensor hallucis longus, and the peroneus lateralis muscles were recorded in the lateral peroneal nerve. Their responses to movements imposed at two velocities (12.5 and 18 mm/s) were analyzed. These movements were straight-line movements imposed in eight directions and circular movements in both clockwise and anticlockwise directions. The encoding of the movement velocity was analyzed in two ways. First, the mean frequencies of discharge of the muscle spindle afferents were compared for the two velocities. Second, the data were analyzed using a "neuronal population vector model." This model is based on the idea that such neuronal coding can be analyzed in terms of a series of population vectors (i.e., mean contribution of all the muscle spindle afferents within one directionally tuned muscle) and by finally calculating a sum vector. The results showed no clear and consistent difference in the response frequency of the muscle spindle afferents for the two velocities of movement compared. Rather, the most consistently significant differences between the two velocities were in the lengths of the sum vectors. It is concluded that the encoding of two-dimensional movement velocity relies on populations of muscle spindle afferents coming from the whole set of muscles surrounding a particular joint, each muscle making an instantaneous, oriented, and weighted contribution to the sensory coding of the kinematics parameters.
Published: 2002
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48. Personnes âgées, personnes handicapées ; les acteurs de l’accompagnement : vers une désobéissance éthique

Author: Aimonetti, Jean-Marc, Neurobiologie intégrative et adaptative (NIA), and Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Gérontologie sociale-vieillissement-vieillesse, [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2014

49. A unique method for the isolation of nasal olfactory stem cells in living rats

Author: Antoine D. Veron, Michel Khrestchatisky, Gilles Sicard, Francois Feron, Jean-Claude Stamegna, François S. Roman, Stéphane D. Girard, Neurobiologie des interactions cellulaires et neurophysiopathologie - NICN (NICN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Polaire Français, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Neurobiologie intégrative et adaptative (NIA), Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Becquet, Denis
Subjects: Male, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biopsy, Cells, Cell Culture Techniques, Clinical uses of mesenchymal stem cells, Cell Separation, Biology, Stem cell marker, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, 03 medical and health sciences, Olfactory mucosa, 0302 clinical medicine, Olfactory Mucosa, medicine, Autologous transplantation, Humans, Animals, Cells, Cultured, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, Medicine(all), 0303 health sciences, Cultured, Stem Cells, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, [SCCO.NEUR] Cognitive science/Neuroscience, General Medicine, Anatomy, Cell Biology, Embryonic stem cell, Neural stem cell, Rats, medicine.anatomical_structure, Multipotent Stem Cell, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Sprague-Dawley, Stem cell, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Developmental Biology, Stem Cell Transplantation
Abstract: International audience; Stem cells are attractive tools to develop new therapeutic strategies for a variety of disorders. While ethical and technical issues, associated with embryonic, fetal and neural stem cells, limit the translation to clinical applications, the nasal stem cells identified in the human olfactory mucosa stand as a promising candidate for stem cell-based therapies. Located in the back of the nose, this multipotent stem cell type is readily accessible in humans, a feature that makes these cells highly suitable for the development of autologous cell-based therapies. However, preclinical studies based on autologous transplantation of rodent olfactory stem cells are impeded because of the narrow opening of the nasal cavity. In this study, we report the development of a unique method permitting to quickly and safely biopsy olfactory mucosa in rats. Using this newly developed technique, rat stem cells expressing the stem cell marker Nestin were successfully isolated without requiring the sacrifice of the donor animal. As an evidence of the self-renewal capacity of the isolated cells, several millions of rat cells were amplified from a single biopsy within four weeks. Using an olfactory discrimination test, we additionally showed that this novel biopsy method does not affect the sense of smell and the learning and memory abilities of the operated animals. This study describes for the first time a methodology allowing the derivation of rat nasal cells in a way that is suitable for studying the effects of autologous transplantation of any cell type present in the olfactory mucosa in a wide variety of rat models.
Published: 2014
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50. Approche microneurographique du sens tactile chez l’homme ; effet des émotions

Author: Aimonetti, Jean-Marc, Ribot-Ciscar, Edith, Neurobiologie intégrative et adaptative (NIA), Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Aimonetti, Jean-Marc
Subjects: [SDV.NEU.SC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences, [SDV.NEU.SC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2014

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