1. Critical time of exposure of the rabbit inferior alveolar nerve to Carnoy's solution.
- Author
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Frerich B, Cornelius CP, and Wiethölter H
- Subjects
- Acetates administration & dosage, Acetates pharmacokinetics, Animals, Axons drug effects, Axons pathology, Chloroform administration & dosage, Chloroform pharmacokinetics, Ethanol administration & dosage, Ethanol pharmacokinetics, Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory drug effects, Fixatives pharmacokinetics, Mandibular Nerve metabolism, Mandibular Nerve pathology, Microscopy, Electron, Myelin Sheath drug effects, Myelin Sheath pathology, Nerve Fibers drug effects, Nerve Fibers metabolism, Nerve Fibers pathology, Neurilemma drug effects, Neurilemma metabolism, Neurilemma pathology, Neurons, Afferent drug effects, Neurons, Afferent metabolism, Neurons, Afferent pathology, Rabbits, Reaction Time drug effects, Schwann Cells drug effects, Schwann Cells metabolism, Schwann Cells pathology, Time Factors, Acetates toxicity, Acetic Acid, Chloroform toxicity, Ethanol toxicity, Fixatives toxicity, Mandibular Nerve drug effects
- Abstract
To reduce the recurrence of keratocysts, tanning of the epithelial lining with modified Carnoy's solution has been advocated as an ancillary procedure. This agent has occasionally been reported to induce long-lasting local neurotoxicity, when the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) was located within the bony cavity of larger cysts. As the severity of the neurologic damage depends on the tissue penetration of the solution, a critical exposure time must be assumed. To substantiate this hypothesis, rabbit IANs were decorticated over an approximate length of 1 cm and soaked with modified Carnoy's solution for periods from 30 seconds to 10 minutes. Sensory nerve function was monitored using somatosensory evoked potentials. Exposures up to 2 minutes did not result in any electrophysiologic abnormality. Exposure for 3 minutes led to either normal or rudimentary evoked potentials. After exposure of 5 minutes, and invariably after 10 minutes, the evoked potentials from the IAN were absent. Nerve segments were removed for histologic examination and the penetration depth of the Carnoy's solution was identified by staining with the Berlin-blue reaction. The involved areas were morphometrically evaluated and they reflected the electrophysiological findings. Transmission electron microscopy showed morphologic changes confined to the outer nerve sheaths (epineurium and perineurium) after exposure of 3 minutes. Exposure of 5 minutes and longer resulted in involvement of both the nerve sheaths and their axonal contents, with disruption and disintegration of the neural tissue. This study clearly supports the hypothesis that contact of a peripheral nerve (ie, IAN) with Carnoy's solution carries a time-related risk to produce acute sensory impairment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
- Published
- 1994
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