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RESUMEN La operación de coagulación-floculación para la remoción de partículas suspendidas es muy utilizada en el tratamiento de aguas residuales. Entre los floculantes más empleados actualmente se encuentran los copolímeros de acrilamida, sin embargo, el uso extensivo de estas moléculas recalcitrantes podría ocasionar efectos indeseables en los ecosistemas. En estudios recientes se han reportado sustancias poliméricas extracelulares de origen microbiano con propiedades floculantes semejantes a los polímeros sintéticos. Estos hallazgos muestran el gran potencial de los polímeros microbianos en el área ambiental y la importancia de estudios adicionales que permitan su producción a gran escala. ABSTRACT The coagulation-flocculation operation for the removal of suspended particles is widely used in wastewater treatment. Among the flocculants most used today are acrylamide copolymers, however, the extensive use of these recalcitrant molecules could cause undesirable effects on ecosystems. Recent studies have reported extracellular polymeric substances of microbial origin with flocculating properties like synthetic polymers. These findings show the great potential of microbial polymers in the environmental area and the importance of additional studies that allow their large-scale production., {"references":["Xiong B, Loss RD, Shields D, Pawlik T, Hochreiter R, Zydney AL, et al. Polyacrylamide degradation and its implications in environmental systems. NPJ Clean Water. 2018;1(1):1-9.","Guezennec AG, Michel C, Bru K, Touze S, Desroche N, Mnif I, et al. Transfer and degradation of polyacrylamide-based flocculants in hydrosystems: a review. Environ Sci Pollut Res 2015; 22(9):6390-6406.","Kusnin N, Syed MA, Ahmad SA. Toxicity, pollution and biodegradation of acrylamide–a mini review. JOBIMMB 2015; 3(2):6-12.","Guzzo J, Guezennec AG. Degradation and transfer of polyacrylamide based flocculent in sludge and industrial and natural waters. Environ Sci Pollut Res, 2015; 22: 6387-6389.","Joshi SJ, Abed RM. Biodegradation of polyacrylamide and its derivatives. Environ Proces 2017; 4(2):463-476.","Costa R, Pereira JL, Gomes J, Gonçalves F, Hunkeler D, Rasteiro MG. The effects of acrylamide polyelectrolytes on aquatic organisms: relating toxicity to chain architecture. Chemosphere. 2014; 112:177-184.","Swift T, Swanson L, Bretherick A, Rimmer S. Measuring poly (acrylamide) flocculants in fresh water using inter-polymer complex formation. Environ Sci: Water Res Technol, 2015; 1(3):332-340.","Wang B, Wang SF, Lam SS, Sonne C, Yuan TQ, Song GY, et al. A review on production of lignin-based flocculants: Sustainable feedstock and low carbon footprint applications. Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 2020; 134:110384.","Lee CS, Robinson J, Chong MF. A review on application of flocculants in wastewater treatment. Process Saf Environ Prot, 2014; 92(6):489-508.","Yin Z, Chu R, Zhu L, Li S, Mo F, Hu D, et al. Application of chitosan-based flocculants to harvest microalgal biomass for biofuel production: A review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 2021; 145:111159.","Ajao V, Bruning H, Rijnaarts H, Temmink H. Natural flocculants from fresh and saline wastewater: comparative properties and flocculation performances. Chem Eng J, 2018; 349:622-632.","Nouha K, Kumar RS, Balasubramanian S, Tyagi RD. Critical review of EPS production, synthesis and composition for sludge flocculation. J Environ Sci, 2018; 66:225-245.","Bakar SN, Hasan HA, Abdullah SR, Kasan NA, Muhamad MH, Kurniawan SB. A review of the production process of bacteria-based polymeric flocculants. J Water Process Eng, 2021; 40:101915.","Lee DJ, Chang YR. Bioflocculants from isolated stains: A research update. J Taiwan Inst Chem Engrs, 2018; 87:211-215.","Salehizadeh H, Yan N. Recent advances in extracellular biopolymer flocculants. Biotechnol Adv, 2014; 32(8):1506-1522.","Xia X, Liang Y, Lan S, Li X, Xie Y, Yuan W. Production and flocculating properties of a compound biopolymer flocculant from corn ethanol wastewater. Bioresour Technol, 2018; 247:924-932.","Morales-Moran S, Sánchez-García E, Chávez-Gómez RI, Carrasco-Esparza NA, Aguayo-Acosta A, Hernández-Marín DA. Distribution of Triatoma (Meccus) phyllosoma and Triatoma (Meccus) longipennis as vectors of Trypanosoma Cruzi in the State of Aguascalientes, Mexico and Surroundings. Alianzas y Tendencias BUAP [Internet] 2021; 6(22):1–15.","Escobar-Muciño E, Búsqueda in silico de Inhibidores de Quorum Sensing y estudios preclínicos en Chromobacterium violaceum. Alianzas y Tendencias BUAP [Internet] 2021; 6(22):16–53.","Guevara-González IC, Carreño-López R, Caso-Vargas LR, Marín-Cevada V. Caracterización de cepas rizosféricas pertenecientes al género Paraburkholderia sp. aisladas de la sierra norte del Estado de Puebla. Alianzas y Tendencias BUAP [Internet]. 2021; 6(22):54–75.","Urda Romacho J, Fernández Martín JM, González Vaquero D, Torres Rodríguez M del C, Cantó Mangana J, Castro Vida MA. Análisis de las encuestas de satisfacción realizadas en consulta de farmacia hospitalaria. Comparación de resultados. Alianzas y Tendencias BUAP [Internet]. 2021; 6(22):76–88."]}

RESUMEN Debido a la importancia como fuente de abastecimiento de agua potable, las aguas subterráneas deben garantizar seguridad en cuanto a su composición química. Sin embargo, en años recientes una gran cantidad de micro-contaminantes orgánicos tóxicos no regulados se han detectado en aguas subterráneas. El triclosán (TCS) es una sustancia desinfectante que debido a sus propiedades tóxicas y alta movilidad en el medio ambiente ha sido una molécula indicadora de procesos contaminantes de origen antropogénico. El análisis de estudios de monitoreo de contaminación de aguas subterráneas con triclosán muestra que su presencia en estas fuentes de agua potable se encuentra principalmente en zonas urbanas y en menor medida en zonas rurales. Y fundamentalmente, se debe a tres problemáticas: 1) la infiltración de aguas residuales domésticas sin tratamiento, 2) la infiltración de aguas residuales domésticas tratadas en cuyo tren de tratamiento no se contemplan operaciones avanzadas para la eliminación de micro-contaminantes orgánicos y 3) la infiltración de lixiviados provenientes de rellenos sanitarios. Las tecnologías más prometedoras para la remoción de triclosán de sistemas acuosos con bajo contenido de materia orgánica son: oxidación y oxidación avanzada, adsorción y biosorción, remoción metabólica microbiana, transformación enzimática y fitofiltración. La mayoría de los estudios para la remoción de triclosán se han realizado a nivel de laboratorio poniendo énfasis tanto en la eficiencia del proceso como en el mecanismo de remoción del contaminante, estos estudios son de gran importancia para el diseño de sistemas de tratamiento de aguas residuales y naturales. ABSTRACT According to the importance of a source of drinking water supply, groundwater must guarantee safety in terms of its chemical composition. However, in recent years a large amount of unregulated toxic organic micro-pollutants has been detected in groundwater. Triclosan (TCS) is a disinfectant substance and indicator molecule for anthropogenic origin polluting processes due to its toxic properties and high mobility in the environment. Studies of monitoring analysis for groundwater contamination with triclosan shows that its presence in drinking water sources is mainly found in urban areas and, to a lesser extent, in rural areas. The presence of TCS is fundamentally due to three problems: 1) infiltration of untreated domestic wastewater, 2) infiltration of treated domestic wastewater in where, treatment process does not include advanced operations to eliminate organic micro-pollutants, and 3) infiltration of leachate from sanitary landfills. The most promising technologies for triclosan removal from aqueous systems with low organic matter content are advanced oxidation and oxidation, adsorption and biosorption, microbial metabolic removal, enzymatic transformation, and phytofiltration. Many of the studies for triclosan removal have been carried out at the laboratory level emphasizing both the efficiency of the process and the pollutant removal mechanism, these studies are of great importance for the design of wastewater and natural water treatment systems., {"references": ["United Nations. Resolution A/RES/64/292. United Nations General Assembly: 2010", "Office of the high commissioner for human rights. General Comment No. 15. The right to water. UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: 2002", "Schmoll O, Howard G, Chilton J, Chorus I, editors. Protecting groundwater for health: managing the quality of drinking-water sources. World Health Organization: 2006.", "CONAGUA. 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— Pseudomonas putida KT2440 is a bacterium able to colonize plant roots and degrade toxic compounds from environment. The aim of present work was to evaluate the ability of this bacterium to promote the growth of autochthonous blue maize under two conditions of temperature: 30 and 40 oC. In this work we observed that the evaluated bacterium promoted the growth of maize in dependency of the temperature of plant development, with higher stimulation at 40 oC. We propose that this bacterium could protect the development of plants under stress conditions provoked by higher temperatures prevalent in agricultural fields of tropical or arid areas. Keywords— Pseudomonas putida, Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, temperature. Resumen— Pseudomonas putida KT2440 es una bacteria con la capacidad de degradar compuestos tóxicos para el ambiente y coloniza eficientemente a las raíces de las plantas. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la habilidad de esta bacteria para promover el crecimiento de maíz azul bajo dos condiciones de temperatura: 30 y 40 oC. En este trabajo se observó que esta bacteria es capaz de estimular el crecimiento del maíz en dependencia de la temperatura de desarrollo de las plantas, habiendo una mejor estimulación a 40 oC. Se propone que esta bacteria podría proteger a las plantas de las condiciones de estrés generados por elevadas temperaturas que ocurren en campos agrícolas de zonas tropicales o áridas. Palabras claves—Pseudomonas putida, Rizobacterias promotoras del crecimiento de plantas, temperatura., {"references":["A. Baez-Rogelio, Y. E. Morales-García, V. Quintero-Hernández, and J. Muñoz-Rojas, \"Next generation of microbial inoculants for agriculture and bioremediation\", Microb. Biotechnol., Epub. Ahead of Print, doi: 10.1111/1751-7915.12448, October 2016.","L. A. Pazos-Rojas, V. Marín-Cevada, Y. E. Morales-García, Antonino Baez, M. A. 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Echinocactus platyacanthus es una cactácea globosa, endémica de México, forma parte de la flora de la Reserva de la Biósfera "Tehuacán-Cuicatlán". Actualmente este cactus se encuentra amenazado debido a sus diversos usos, entre los cuales destaca la elaboración de un dulce. El crecimiento de la planta es muy lento, puede llegar a alcanzar una edad de 200 a 500 años, por este motivo es importante plantear estrategias que aseguren su desarrollo y supervivencia. Una alternativa podría ser el uso de bacterias benéficas para el cactus, por esta razón en el trabajo presente se exploró la capacidad de 10 cepas bacterianas para estimular el crecimiento de E. platyacanthus bajo condiciones de cámara de cultivo. Cinco de las 10 cepas exploradas resultaron efectivas para otorgar incrementos de altura y diámetro del cactus en referencia a controles, por lo que estas cepas podrían acoplarse a E. platyacanthus para asegurar su crecimiento en su ambiente natural., {"references":["Bashan, Y., Puente, M.E., Salazar, B., de Bashan, L.E., Bacilio, M., Hernandez, J.P., et al. (2005) Reforestacion de tierras erosionadas en el desierto: El papel de las bacterias promotoras de crecimiento en plantas y la materia orgánica. Suelos Ecuatoriales 35: 70–77.","Bashan, Y., Rojas, A., and Puente, M.E. (1999) Improved establishment and development of three cactus species inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense transplanted into disturbed urban desert soil. Can. J. Microbiol. 45: 441–451.","Beneduzi, A., Ambrosini, A., and Passaglia, L.M.P. (2012) Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR): their potential as antagonists and biocontrol agents. Genet. Mol. Biol. 35: 1044– 1051.","Bustillos-Cristales, R., Fuentes-Ramírez, L.E., Muñoz-Rojas, J., Sánchez-Saavedra, A., Téllez-Torres, G.J., and Florencia-Torres, L.E. (2007) Promoción de crecimiento de cactáceas en riesgo , por bacterias metilotróficas. In, XII Congreso Nacional de Bioingeniería y Biotecnología., p. 1.","Caballero-Mellado, J. (2001) El género Azospirillum. In, Martínez-Romero,E. and MartínezRomero,J. (eds), Microbios en Línea. Universidad Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, México, pp. 1–10.","del Castillo, R.F. and Trujillo, S. (1991) Ethnobotany of Ferocactus histrix and Echinocactus platyacanthus (Cactaceae) in the semiarid central Mexico: past, present and future. Econ. Bot. 45: 495–502.","Corral-Lugo, A., Morales-García, Y.E., Pazos-Rojas, L.A., Ramírez-Valverde, A., Martínez-Contreras, R.D., and Muñoz-Rojas, J. (2012) Cuantificación de bacterias cultivables mediante el método de \"goteo en placa por sellado (o estampado) masivo.\" Rev. Colomb. Biotecnol. 14: 147–156.","Jiménez-Sierra, C., Mandujano, M.C., and Eguiarte, L.E. (2007) Are populations of the candy barrel cactus (Echinocactus platyacanthus) in the desert of Tehuacán, Mexico at risk? Population projection matrix and life table response analysis. Biol. Conserv. 135: 278–292.","Morales-García, Y.E., Juárez-Hernández, D., Aragón-Hernández, C., Mascarua-Esparza, M.A., Bustillos-Cristales, M.R., Fuentes-Ramírez, L.E., et al. (2011) Growth response of maize plantlets inoculated with Enterobacter spp., as a model for alternative agriculture. Rev. Argent. Microbiol. 43: 287–293.","Segura, A., Rodríguez-Conde, S., Ramos, C., and Ramos, J.L. (2009) Bacterial responses and interactions with plants during rhizoremediation. Microb. Biotechnol. 2: 452–464."]}