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Constructing a Tactical Mission Event Logic Graph (TMELG) can assist military staff to analyze the composition and evolution process of tactical missions. We can construct Military Internet of Things (MIoT) applications based on the TMELG to assist military staff to make planning and study tactical missions in the Network-Centric Warfare situation. In this paper, we proposed a representation framework for tactical mission events, based on the Simple Event Model (SEM), to present and construct the TMELG. First of all, sub-mission events and event elements are extracted from military texts with an invented Two-Stage Event Extraction (TSEE) method. Secondly, the Hierarchical Task Network (HTN) was applied to decompose a tactical mission into sub-missions, which were further decomposed into atomic missions, then basic relations were established for sub-missions. Finally, we exploited the explicit causality among sub-mission events, and the implicit causality between atomic mission events and military resources with the Granger Causality Model (GCM). With respect to automatic extraction of sub-mission events and event elements from military texts, the experimental results showed that our TSEE method outperforms the listed methods. The successful application of TMELG to a joint landing operation case verifies the feasibility of our construction method proposed in this paper.

Copyright of Telecommunication Engineering is the property of Telecommunication Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Constructing a Tactical Mission Event Logic Graph (TMELG) can assist military staff to analyze the composition and evolution process of tactical missions. We can construct Military Internet of Things (MIoT) applications based on the TMELG to assist military staff to make planning and study tactical missions in the Network-Centric Warfare situation. In this paper, we proposed a representation framework for tactical mission events, based on the Simple Event Model (SEM), to present and construct the TMELG. First of all, sub-mission events and event elements are extracted from military texts with an invented Two-Stage Event Extraction (TSEE) method. Secondly, the Hierarchical Task Network (HTN) was applied to decompose a tactical mission into sub-missions, which were further decomposed into atomic missions, then basic relations were established for sub-missions. Finally, we exploited the explicit causality among sub-mission events, and the implicit causality between atomic mission events and military resources with the Granger Causality Model (GCM). With respect to automatic extraction of sub-mission events and event elements from military texts, the experimental results showed that our TSEE method outperforms the listed methods. The successful application of TMELG to a joint landing operation case verifies the feasibility of our construction method proposed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The United States is constantly applying new technologies to wars and weapons, and constantly adjusting the combat concept and the direction of combat capability construction, in order to maintain its strategic deterrence and tactical advantages. By analyzing the evolution of operation concept, the air combat capability development and general situation of the special technology research of air-to-air missile in nearly 30 years, this paper explores the rules of project and technology development, and analyzes key technologies and core development situation. It summarizes the enlightenment to improve our army air combat capabilities, and puts forward the future development direction and development suggestions for air-to-air missile.

Copyright of Telecommunication Engineering is the property of Telecommunication Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

How can we think about modes of martial operability that are responsive to the transformative conditions engendered by the information age? This article assumes an exploratory stance and reconsiders the theory of network-centric warfare (NCW) in concert with some elements of Gilbert Simondon's work. It suggests that the Simondonian concepts of individuation, transduction and information, coupled with his understanding of technical objects, help us shift our focus from the platform-centric to the network-centric, thus enabling us to reengage with the theory of NCW in a manner that is responsive to the information age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Airborne tactical networks (ATNs) is driving the growing development of network-centric warfare by maintaining coverage and providing reach-back to military units. However, the key function of ATNs is impeded by the network ossification that is deep-rooted in the tightly coupled, vertically integrated architecture of traditional ATNs. Network virtualization (NV) can provide a more flexible and scalable ATN architecture as a solution, breaking the tight coupling between applications and network infrastructure. One important aspect of NV is virtual network embedding (VNE), which instantiates multiple virtual networks on a shared substrate network. However, existing efforts are not necessarily optimal for the virtualization of ATNs due to the absence of QoS-compliant capacity for the complex interference in air-combat field. To tackle this difficulty, a reliable interference-aware VNE algorithm, termed VNE-RIA, is proposed to provide reliable guarantee in the coordinated node and link mapping for various airborne tactical virtual networks (ATVNs). In the node mapping, the VNE-RIA adopts a novel node ranking approach to rank all substrate and virtual nodes, considering the complex interference including link interference, environmental noise and malicious attacks. In the link mapping, an improved anypath link mapping approach, based on the anypath routing scheme, is adopted to improve the reliability and efficiency of mapping virtual links by exploiting the unique features of wireless channels and the influence of different transmission rates. Numerical simulation results reveal that VNE-RIA algorithm outperforms typical and latest heuristic wireless VNE algorithms under the complex electromagnetic interference of ATNs.

This article examines Russian military and defence intellectuals’ reflection on Russia's military involvement in Syria. The research is based on a mix of open-source Russian military writings, mainly analytical texts in prominent Russian military journals. The aim of the study is to analyse Russian narrative of its military campaign in Syria. The first part begins by providing Russia's internal discussions about probable military coalitions-building variants, risks, and operational-level decisions and objectives. The second part deals with Russian Armed Forces’ network-centric warfare capabilities and limitations. The article concludes by showing that in Syria Russia introduced a modified network-centric warfare as its main feature of new method of operations is the combination of advanced intelligence-command assets and old-fashioned munitions.

Fog computing architecture competent to support the mission-oriented network-centric warfare provides the framework for a tactical cloud in this work. The tactical cloud becomes situation-aware of the war from the information relayed by fog nodes (FNs) on the battlefield. This work aims to sustain the network of FNs by maintaining the operational efficiency of the FNs on the battlefield at the tactical edge. The proposed solution monitors and predicts the likely overloading of an FN using the long short-term memory model through a buddy FN at the fog server (FS). This paper also proposes randomised task scheduling (RTS) algorithm to avert the likely overloading of an FN by pre-empting tasks from the FN and scheduling them to another FN. The experimental results demonstrate that RTS with linear complexity has a schedulability measure 8% - 26% higher than that of other base scheduling algorithms. The results show that the LSTM model has low mean absolute error compared to other time-series forecasting models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the impact of disruptive technologies on the evolutionary development of military architectural frameworks and concepts of warfare. It argues the need for a transition from the Network-Centric Warfare concept to the Data-Centric Operation theory and proposes a 4D-extensional representation of the combat space of weapon systems integrated into a single network. It is concluded that there is hardware redundancy in modern weapon systems and it is possible to use it as a network resource, the management of which provides additional opportunities for improving operational capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses two modeling and simulation (M&S) issues for defense cyber-physical systems (CPSs): 1) model-driven development via model interoperation and 2) simulation analysis between interoperated models. To clearly describe the network capabilities between the CPSs within network-centric warfare (NCW), we first modeled communication factors separately from the overall CPSs. The CPS models and the network model were considered discrete event systems, which were realized with DEVSim++ and ns-3, respectively. For the simulation of the two types of models, we interoperated them with high-level architecture-based middleware to preserve the independence of each one. The goal for NCW analysis is to find a balance between the computational, physical, and communication factors of the defense CPSs to achieve their missions within a networked environment. In the case study of network-centric ground warfare, the CPS models generate mission effectiveness to be analyzed according to realistic network conditions; and at the same time, the network model enables the analysis of the network performance given validated combat scenarios. We expect this paper will help simulation experts interactively analyze computational and physical capabilities of the CPSs as well as communication effects between the CPSs.

The analysis of existing and future surveillance and attack systems (SAS) is carried out. An improved classification of SAS is proposed. The concept of situational SAS is introduced. The tendencies of development are highlighted and the problematic issues on creation of SAS are determined.

Throught history, human society has been confronted with conflicting situations that still persists today such as the struggle for basic resources: food, water, fuel etc. Unprecedented scientific and technological development since the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century have produced changes in the tipology of war and warfare. In this article the author presents two modern types of war, Network-centric warfare and Hybrid war, which reflect the level reached by Information Technology and Communications, but in different ways. These two types of war are analyzed in a comparative manner from the perspective of three criteria: technological progress, resources that are used and the principle of legality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper looks at the essence of the network-centric warfare concept originated by the US Department of Defense; it briefly describes its main principles and impact on armed force reforms. The authors maintain that network-centric warfare is a social phenomenon of today that is gradually upstaging other types of confrontation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The last two marks out the humankind evolution toward the Information Age, a new stage of societal development where the modem society is affected, among other factors, by the explosive technological changes Within the context, technology represents the main changing Driver. To be more specific, small innovations appeared in the information technology and communications are considered to be responsible for the global transformations in the economy, politics or culture structure. This assertion also extends its validity Over the military phenomenon, which is just another human behaviour. The use on large scale of the information technology and communications Jed to a cybernetic battlefield and the change of the waging war philosophy, with the arising of new concepts that better describe the new reality: Network Centric Warfare, and Network Enabled Capabilities.

The last two decades have been marked by the evolution of mankind toward the Information Age, a new stage of societal development where the modem society is affected, among other factors, by the explosive technological changes. Within the context, technology represents the main driver for change. To be more specific, small innovations emerged in the information technology and communications are considered responsible for global transformations in the economy, politics or culture structure. This assertion also extends its validity over the military phenomenon, which is just another form of human behavior. The large-scale use of the information technology and communications led to a cybernetic battlefield and the change of the war waging philosophy, with the rise of new concepts that better describe the new reality: Network Centric Warfare, and Network Enabled Capabilities.

Military operations are very complex undertakings. However, complexity is not a feature unique to military operations. When biologists wanted to understand the properties of gene mutation they also faced complexity. Confronted by a large number of genes featuring different characteristics, a difficult-to-decode interaction among those genes, and an environment that could not be excluded as a factor, Sewell Wright introduced the shifting balance theory, also known as the theory of the fitness landscape. The theory allows complexity to be seen as a process that rests on adaptation and mutation. These two processes are also central to military operations as it is imperative to offset the changing conditions coming both from the environment and the interaction with the enemy. In the article the author uses Wright's theory to help see military operations as a complex optimization problem that includes approximations and estimations regarding optimal values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Variously addressing the war on terror now waged in the "full-spectrum dominance" of network-centric battlespace, DeLillo's most recent four novels (published immediately before and since the 9/11 attacks) work to produce stillness as opposed to seductive, terroristic speed—to detach identities from everyday practices of time and elaborate transformative experiences for the reader. Each novel constitutes a complex hetero-chronograph, a textual apparatus that not only measures time but also produces altered temporal forms that slow down and multiply felt times and durations. Redeploying Bakhtin's notion of the text as an unrepeatable event co-produced by the author and reader, this article explores how De-Lillo's texts enable the reader to become an actor, to produce and experience modes of resistance to the totalizing forces of terror by the realization of a network of virtual narrative associations among economic, political, aesthetic, and ethical vectors. Such relations are mapped on a Greimassian semiotic square of "terror-time." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of war remains, in its essence, unchanged: a violent expression of the politics, a direct way to unblock an international complex situation, an immediate and categorical way to impose somebody's will into a confrontation. Nowadays, the most violent conflicts have spread, taking new forms. Without any doubt, we can say that we are dealing with a permanent war. In this context, the historical moment which marked the outstanding development of information technology was the preparation and the deployment of „Desert Storm” military operation, against Iraqi army and regime, in 1991. This precise moment was the base of so-called „informational warfare-IW”, which was implemented under military actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theory on the use of information technology in military operations assumes that bringing together units in an information network helps units to work together. Decentralized command systems such as mission command have been proposed for these networks, so that units can adapt to changes in their turbulent working environments. Others have proposed centralized command systems that permit higher organizational levels to closely direct military operations. This article uses Perrow’s (1984, 1999) Normal Accidents Theory to propose that increasing interdependencies between units in information networks places incompatible demands on the design of networked military operations. It is concluded that networked military operations require decentralized command approaches, butonlyunder the condition that interdependencies between modules of networked units areweakrather thantight. This precondition is essential for retaining control over networked military operations. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The rapidly changing battle conditions in modern network-centric operations prescribe expectations for speedy deployment and nimble ad hoc reconfiguration of military networked teams. In this paper, a formal command and control (C2) structure is presented that allows for reliable ad hoc reconfiguration of tasks and resources of multiple simultaneous missions. Missions and assigned resources can be removed or added in an online manner without affecting other running missions. A mathematically justified software tool called the Reconfigurable Discrete Event Control (RDEC) is proposed by extending an existing framework using simple matrix decomposition. The RDEC effectively allows multiple fighting platforms of different interdisciplinary fields to join and leave the network easily in a “plug-and-play” manner. The proposed C2 structure is developed and demonstrated on a simulation study involving a Singapore armed forces team with three realistic attack missions. Extensive simulation results verify that the networked team is fairly sequenced and the missions and resources can be removed or added without blocking effects. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Close air support is characterized by aircraft delivering munitions onto ground targets. I applied Hutchins's theory of distributed cognition to understand how the trajectories of munitions were specified. In the baseline case, the aircrew specifies the munitions' entire trajectory. With alternative options enabled by information and communications technologies, the joint terminal attack controller (JTAC) specifies the munitions' impact point, time on target, and even the direction and angle of impact. The desire to affect the trajectories increases the amount and specialization of equipment and training placed onto the JTAC, aircraft, and aircrew. The analysis was important to the people who advance and sustain the capabilities of close air support by identifying the effects that are desired and developing new and better ways of providing those effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ingénierie des Systèmes d'Information is the property of International Information & Engineering Technology Association (IIETA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPASs) are gaining more are more relevance during the last decade since more applications are being enabled by lighter planes with increasing autonomy, higher ceilings, and more powerful transmission technologies. The integration of the RPAS as part of network-centric warfare would be a very important milestone to achieve because of the huge amount of information and capabilities that all these aircrafts can incorporate into the global scheme. This integration is easier for handheld (short-range) RPASs since their communications are typically based on digital transmission like WiFi or WiMAX, but it may not be as obvious for bigger RPASs (long-range, e.g., tactical or medium/high altitude systems) because their line of sight communications are frequently based on analog transmissions. This implies indirect integration into network-centric warfare by means of the ground control station (satellite communications, when available, may suffer notorious delay for certain applications). This article presents a recent practical experience, including flight test campaigns, deploying an all- IP communication architecture into one of the most relevant Spanish tactical RPASs, the SIVA, used by both the Spanish Army and the Spanish Air Force for the last 10 years. This deployment enables cost-effective integration of this RPAS (and its natural successor, the MILANO, a medium- altitude RPAS) into the network-centric warfare by means of direct TCP/IP transmissions over a long-range digital line of sight channel combined with satellite communications for beyond line of sight operations. The proposed design includes network-level security over the radio interfaces, automatic data link selection, support of remote video terminals, and access connectivity toward external IPv6 networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the U.S. commands' views on the significance of human factor in the battlefield as set out in the Joint Vision 2020 doctrine. Topics discussed include the high value on information in U.S. documents on military policy and warfare, role of high-tech weapons and information systems in military conflicts and the imperfections of technology. It also mentions the importance of effective leadership in contemporary system for educating and training of U.S. servicemen.

The article discusses network centrics technologies and their application to warfare which would integrate all forces sand weapons in a common information environment in combat. Topics discussed include the origins of the concept of network-centric warfare, the assessment of a hypothetical adversary capable of network-centric technologies, and trends in common information environment during warfare.

The authors discuss establishing a platform for the storage and dissemination of information about the Russian Armed Forces influenced by the Net-Centric Environment Joint Functional Concept. They explain the development for a centralized single information space is required to manage the automated systems that control documents such as information and process survey. They emphasize the need for a joint effort between the research institutions and the military.

As the saying goes, 'this ain't your father's war.' Tomorrow's battles will be won or lost against a tech-savvy enemy fighting in the mean streets of poverty-ridden cities and lawless states, where the rules of conventional warfare no longer apply. While many challenges loom on the horizon, several key aspects of the security environment will be critical to United States and allied military successes in the next decade and beyond. What follows is a short exposition describing some of these aspects. The intent is to enlighten and better position people to inform and advise senior leadership concerning projected security increments. The parts inform the whole, and ultimately culminate into military campaign outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Military Engineer / Hadmérnök is the property of National University of Public Service and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)