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A new concept of a multi-valued associative memory is introduced, generalizing a similar one in fuzzy neural networks. We expand the results on fuzzy associative memory with thresholds, to the case of a multi-valued one: we introduce the novel concept of such a network without numbers, investigate its properties, and give a learning algorithm in the multi-valued case. We discovered conditions under which it is possible to store given pairs of network variable patterns in such a multi-valued associative memory. In the multi-valued neural network, all variables are not numbers, but elements or subsets of a lattice, i.e., they are all only partially-ordered. Lattice operations are used to build the network output by inputs. In this paper, the lattice is assumed to be Brouwer and determines the implication used, together with other lattice operations, to determine the neural network output. We gave the example of the network use to classify aircraft/spacecraft trajectories., Comment: This is a version with correct Theorem 3 (Theorem 2 in published variant)

Do ethnic enclaves assist or hinder immigrants’ economic performance? The empirical literature on this question is inconclusive. In this paper we extend the literature by constructing a dynamic variable from micro‐panel data to capture the effects of spatial networks of immigrants’ ethnic‐specific resources. We account for endogeneity of the network and other variables. Using the HILDA data set, and a suite of robustness checks, results show that immigrants’ earnings are positively associated with the concentration and resources of their country‐of‐birth group. The effect is prominent for immigrants born in non‐English‐speaking countries and for high‐skilled immigrants, highlighting positive ethnic network spill‐over effects for these groups. Moreover, accounting for the network variable provides a viable explanation for the divisions in previous international results on ethnic concentration.

Resumen En el presente trabajo se utiliza una variable reticular para estratificar un grupo de actores sociales, lo cual permite exhibir la posición estructural de sus integrantes en base al origen de su capital social. Se utiliza la variable constricción debido a que integra en una sola medida las dos fuentes principales de capital social: cierre e intermediación. Este enfoque, permite generar hipótesis inmediatas sobre los mecanismos subyacentes a la Posición estructural que actualmente posee cada individuo; sobre las razones por las cuales unos individuos son más exitosos que otros (recursos sociales) y, sobre las acciones posibles para generar efectos agregados que generen valor en la red general. Abstract A In this paper we used a network variable for classifying a real group of social actors inside social capital stratums, it let shows the structural position for each integrant in order to social capital source. Since the individual constraint contains the two principal sources of social capital (closeness and brokerage), we used this one for that. We enhancement how we can to use this approach to generate quickly hypothesis to explain followings: actual individual structural position; mechanisms for upgrade individual social resource; and, strategies to create general effects to realizing the hidden value in the network.

This article contributes to the understanding of the impact of focal firm’s centrality on innovation performance by examining knowledge governance’s influence as a mediatory variable. The objective of the research is to find knowledge governance’s mediatory items and test the hypotheses listed. To investigate it, a model of path analysis is established and items of each variable are proposed based on theoretical references. Results imply that total effect between focal firm’s centrality reaches 0.459 in which the direct effect is 0.242 and the indirect effect is 0.217. The data suggest that knowledge governance is a partly mediatory variable between focal firm’s centrality and innovation performance. It is concluded that this connection is attribute to focal firm’s influence on the whole system network. Thus, this kind of research provides relevant research on system innovation performance in view of network variable and focal-firm-based theoretical hypotheses.

Provider interactions other than explicit care coordination, which is challenging to measure, may influence practice and outcomes. We performed a network analysis using claims data from a commercial payor. Networks were identified based on provider pairs billing outpatient care for the same patient. We compared network variables among patients who had and did not have a 30-day readmission after hospitalization for heart failure. After adjusting for comorbidities, high median provider connectedness—normalized degree, which for each provider is the number of connections to other providers normalized to the number of providers in the region—was the network variable associated with reduced odds of readmission after heart failure hospitalization (odds ratio = 0.55; 95% confidence interval [0.35, 0.86]). We conclude that heart failure patients with high provider connectedness are less likely to require readmission. The structure and importance of provider relationships using claims data merits further study.

Summary What explains the strength of intellectual property rights (IPR)? While extant research would suggest democratic governments are better constrained to protect property rights, we are agnostic about this mechanism with respect to IPR. We argue IPR—distinct from physical property by their lack of geographical boundaries—are stronger in states not because property owners have a democratic voice, but because they can exit the state as an alternative. We test this argument using a newly constructed network variable that measures the degree of linguistic compatibility between states based on languages of education. We contend that the cost of exit is lower when the language of the intellectual property owner is widely used globally; and vice versa. This linguistic network variable improves on traditional common-language measures in that it considers the same language can be spoken in more than just a pair of dyads and that the education sector is an important arena for disseminating languages that need not be official. We find that (1) democracy has a weak and usually non-significant effect but (2) high linguistic compatibility has a strong and robust effect. The results call attention to the conceptual heterogeneity of property rights and the limited theoretical linkage between regime type and these bundles of rights.

The aim of this research is to analyze total direct influence of trust and networks towards sustainability of herbal medicine trade in Nguter market Sukoharjo. This research begun at February, 2018. Data collection through observation and questionnaire towards herbal medicine trader in Nguter market. The data analysis done by description and path analysis. The data processing using SPSS 21 Software as analysis tool. The result show that there’s direct influence of trust variable towards the sustainbility of herbal medicine trade, 0.378 or 14.2%. Meanwhile direct influence of networks variable towards the sustainbility of herbal medicine trade, 0.374 or 12.1%. Trust variable has bigger contribution than network variable, 14.2%>12.1%. This number shows the importance of trust among herbal medicine traders, market administrator, herbal medicine’s fund managment agency, and the herbal medicine customers. Trust variable has big role on sustainbility of herbal medicine trade, there’s desire and needs to maintain the trust among the related actors. Keywords: social capital, networks, trust, sustainability trade, herbal medicine traders.

LonWorks® is an open networking solution for building automation and control networks that was developed by the American company Echelon. It is designed in such a way that it can be used in centralized building automation controllers as well as in decentralized building control components.

We examine environmental change as a potential determinant of international migration. We distinguish between unexpected short-run factors, captured by natural disasters, as well as long-run climate change and climate variability captured by deviations and volatilities of temperatures and rainfall from and around their long-run averages. Starting from a simple neo-classical model we use a panel dataset of bilateral migration flows for the period 1960-2000 that allows us to control for numerous time-varying and time invariant factors. We find no direct impact of climatic change on international migration across our entire sample. These results are robust when conditioning on characteristics of origin countries as well as when further considering migrants returning home and the potential endogeneity of our network variable. In contrast, there is evidence of indirect effects of environmental factors going through wages. We further find strong evidence that natural disasters beget greater flows of migrants to urban environs.

Customer evolution and changes in consumers, determine the fact that the quality of the interface between marketing and sales may represent a true competitive advantage for the firm.

The distribution network planning is a multi-objective problem including minimizing losses and investment. By setting planning priorities, the necessary actions to loss reduction are prioritized, thus the waste of investment will be prevented. In this paper, a new method is presented to determine planning priorities of the extensive and complex distribution network with uncertain data to optimize network variable including power losses and voltage profile. (4 pages)

Electromechanical modes are predominantly determined by the machine rotor angles and speeds, and as a result, they provide the best visibility of such modes. These electromechanical modes are also observable in the network variables such as voltages and line currents, which are measured by PMUs. In this paper, by analyzing the electromechanical modes in the network variables, we can trace the propagation of electromechanical oscillations in the power network following a disturbance. In large power networks with multiple transfer paths across the interconnection it is not always clear how and where the oscillations propagate. Here, we seek to provide a rationale explaining how (the qualitative behavior) and where (transmission lines) network oscillations propagate. We first analyze the oscillations from real PMU data originating from a system-wide disturbance. Applying eigenvalue and sensitivity analysis we provide an analytical framework to understand the nature of the network oscillations. Closed-form expressions for the network sensitivities are provided. The results here important for building reduced models to assess transient stability and the selection of network variables as input signals to damp inter-area mode oscillations. © 2010 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.QC 20120202

This study aims to determine the effect of capital, packaging, network, business development, and human resource to the competitive ability at central industry of Bangka’s food in Pangkalpinang.It used primary data with census method as the sampling technique. The number of samples were 68 respondents, analyzed by confirmatory factor. The results of study issue two factors. First, financial factor which has capital and business development variable. Second, marketing factor which has packaging and network variable. Keywords: Micro and Medium Enterprise, Capital, Business Development, Financial Factor, Packaging, Network, Marketing Factor

Prior research on Mexican migration has shown that social networks and economic incentives play an important role in determining migration outcomes. We use experimental data from PROGRESA, Mexico’s primary poverty-reduction program, to evaluate the effects of conditional cash transfers on migration both domestically and to the United States. Our study complements a growing body of literature aimed at overcoming longstanding hurdles to the establishment of causal validity in empirical studies of migration. Analysis based on the data collected before and after the program’s onset shows that conditional transfers reduce U.S. migration but not domestic migration. The data also enable us to explore the role of existing family and community migration networks. The results show that migration networks strongly influence migration, but that the effect of conditional transfers on migration is apparently not mediated by existing migration network structures. Our results suggest that conditional transfers may be helpful in managing rural out-migration, particularly to the United States.

Feedback control of FACTS (flexible AC transmission system) devices typically relies on network variables because generator signals are not usually available locally. Based on the multi-modal decomposition approach, a crucial factor in selecting a feedback variable is the impact of the variable on the inner-loop gain, which consists of mostly the sensitivity of the network variable with respect to the change in the control input variable. Recent investigations have shown that flow variables are more suitable for shunt control devices and nodal variables are more suitable for series control devices. In this paper, the authors use a simple system to demonstrate this concept. In addition, the impact of the interarea modes on the inner-loop gain is studied with a system with two interarea modes.

The passenger demand stream of the STrategic European Multimodal Modelling (STEMM) effort attempted to establish that a multicountry model of use in the study of multimodality and of intermodality could be built and that advanced techniques of demand analysis, going beyond currently applied state-of-the-art nonlinear techniques, could be fruitfully applied to it.

In general a communication protocol determines how to exchange data between several network nodes. Because of the transparency the communication should be handled independently of the application program, which is running on the nodes.

In this chapter, the results of the production functions estimated for Continental Airlines’ domestic route system are reported. The Chapter is divided into two sections. In section 6.1 the results of the Cobb-Douglas production function estimates are presented and discussed. Five functions were estimated in all, and these functions are compared in section 6.1 to highlight differences in the organization and performance of different hub subsystems and non-hub routes. The section presents strong empirical evidence for including a network variable in the airline firm’s production function.