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1. Agentic LLMs in the Supply Chain: Towards Autonomous Multi-Agent Consensus-Seeking

Author

Jannelli, Valeria, Schoepf, Stefan, Bickel, Matthias, Netland, Torbjørn, and Brintrup, Alexandra

Subjects
Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract

This paper explores how Large Language Models (LLMs) can automate consensus-seeking in supply chain management (SCM), where frequent decisions on problems such as inventory levels and delivery times require coordination among companies. Traditional SCM relies on human consensus in decision-making to avoid emergent problems like the bullwhip effect. Some routine consensus processes, especially those that are time-intensive and costly, can be automated. Existing solutions for automated coordination have faced challenges due to high entry barriers locking out SMEs, limited capabilities, and limited adaptability in complex scenarios. However, recent advances in Generative AI, particularly LLMs, show promise in overcoming these barriers. LLMs, trained on vast datasets can negotiate, reason, and plan, facilitating near-human-level consensus at scale with minimal entry barriers. In this work, we identify key limitations in existing approaches and propose autonomous LLM agents to address these gaps. We introduce a series of novel, supply chain-specific consensus-seeking frameworks tailored for LLM agents and validate the effectiveness of our approach through a case study in inventory management. To accelerate progress within the SCM community, we open-source our code, providing a foundation for further advancements in LLM-powered autonomous supply chain solutions.

Published
2024

2. Explainable AI improves task performance in human-AI collaboration

Author

Senoner, Julian, Schallmoser, Simon, Kratzwald, Bernhard, Feuerriegel, Stefan, and Netland, Torbjørn

Subjects
Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction
Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) provides considerable opportunities to assist human work. However, one crucial challenge of human-AI collaboration is that many AI algorithms operate in a black-box manner where the way how the AI makes predictions remains opaque. This makes it difficult for humans to validate a prediction made by AI against their own domain knowledge. For this reason, we hypothesize that augmenting humans with explainable AI as a decision aid improves task performance in human-AI collaboration. To test this hypothesis, we analyze the effect of augmenting domain experts with explainable AI in the form of visual heatmaps. We then compare participants that were either supported by (a) black-box AI or (b) explainable AI, where the latter supports them to follow AI predictions when the AI is accurate or overrule the AI when the AI predictions are wrong. We conducted two preregistered experiments with representative, real-world visual inspection tasks from manufacturing and medicine. The first experiment was conducted with factory workers from an electronics factory, who performed $N=9,600$ assessments of whether electronic products have defects. The second experiment was conducted with radiologists, who performed $N=5,650$ assessments of chest X-ray images to identify lung lesions. The results of our experiments with domain experts performing real-world tasks show that task performance improves when participants are supported by explainable AI instead of black-box AI. For example, in the manufacturing setting, we find that augmenting participants with explainable AI (as opposed to black-box AI) leads to a five-fold decrease in the median error rate of human decisions, which gives a significant improvement in task performance.

Published
2024

3. Addressing distributional shifts in operations management: The case of order fulfillment in customized production

Author

Senoner, Julian, Kratzwald, Bernhard, Kuzmanovic, Milan, Netland, Torbjørn H., and Feuerriegel, Stefan

Subjects
Statistics - Applications, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

To meet order fulfillment targets, manufacturers seek to optimize production schedules. Machine learning can support this objective by predicting throughput times on production lines given order specifications. However, this is challenging when manufacturers produce customized products because customization often leads to changes in the probability distribution of operational data -- so-called distributional shifts. Distributional shifts can harm the performance of predictive models when deployed to future customer orders with new specifications. The literature provides limited advice on how such distributional shifts can be addressed in operations management. Here, we propose a data-driven approach based on adversarial learning and job shop scheduling, which allows us to account for distributional shifts in manufacturing settings with high degrees of product customization. We empirically validate our proposed approach using real-world data from a job shop production that supplies large metal components to an oil platform construction yard. Across an extensive series of numerical experiments, we find that our adversarial learning approach outperforms common baselines. Overall, this paper shows how production managers can improve their decision-making under distributional shifts., Comment: Forthcoming in Production and Operations Management

Published
2023

4. Exploring Servitization in Building Technology: The Case of Piping Systems

Author

Keller, Luca, Maghazei, Omid, Gróf, Clemens, Netland, Torbjørn H., Rannenberg, Kai, Editor-in-Chief, Soares Barbosa, Luís, Editorial Board Member, Carette, Jacques, Editorial Board Member, Tatnall, Arthur, Editorial Board Member, Neuhold, Erich J., Editorial Board Member, Stiller, Burkhard, Editorial Board Member, Stettner, Lukasz, Editorial Board Member, Pries-Heje, Jan, Editorial Board Member, M. Davison, Robert, Editorial Board Member, Rettberg, Achim, Editorial Board Member, Furnell, Steven, Editorial Board Member, Mercier-Laurent, Eunika, Editorial Board Member, Winckler, Marco, Editorial Board Member, Malaka, Rainer, Editorial Board Member, Thürer, Matthias, editor, Riedel, Ralph, editor, von Cieminski, Gregor, editor, and Romero, David, editor

Published
2024
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5. Lenses on Data: Toward an Application Perspective on Data in Manufacturing

Author

Albers, Alexander, Netland, Torbjørn, Rannenberg, Kai, Editor-in-Chief, Soares Barbosa, Luís, Editorial Board Member, Carette, Jacques, Editorial Board Member, Tatnall, Arthur, Editorial Board Member, Neuhold, Erich J., Editorial Board Member, Stiller, Burkhard, Editorial Board Member, Stettner, Lukasz, Editorial Board Member, Pries-Heje, Jan, Editorial Board Member, M. Davison, Robert, Editorial Board Member, Rettberg, Achim, Editorial Board Member, Furnell, Steven, Editorial Board Member, Mercier-Laurent, Eunika, Editorial Board Member, Winckler, Marco, Editorial Board Member, Malaka, Rainer, Editorial Board Member, Thürer, Matthias, editor, Riedel, Ralph, editor, von Cieminski, Gregor, editor, and Romero, David, editor

Published
2024
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7. The Critical Catalyst: Getting Open Innovation Projects Right in Times of Disruption.

Author

Ho, Wan Ri, Kazantsev, Nikolai, and Netland, Torbjørn

Subjects
OPEN innovation, BUSINESS models, DIFFUSION of innovations, BUSINESS failures, DISRUPTIVE innovations, TECHNOLOGICAL innovations, NEW product development, MECHANICAL ventilators
Abstract

Disruptions often call for rapid innovation at scale. Open innovation (OI) is critical in such contexts because it allows organizations to access resources beyond the firm's boundaries. Yet, many OI projects fail, posing significant risks during disruptions. This article examines 12 ventilator development projects during the COVID-19 pandemic, of which only seven succeeded. Fifty-five interviews were analyzed to understand how organizational roles influence the outcomes of OI projects in times of disruption. The key finding is that projects that succeeded involved an organizational role largely absent in those that failed: namely, a catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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12. Artificial intelligence across company borders

Author

Fink, Olga, Netland, Torbjørn, and Feuerriegel, Stefan

Subjects
Computer Science - Computers and Society
Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a valued technology in many companies. At the same time, a substantial potential for utilizing AI \emph{across} company borders has remained largely untapped. An inhibiting factor concerns disclosure of data to external parties, which raises legitimate concerns about intellectual property rights, privacy issues, and cybersecurity risks. Combining federated learning with domain adaptation can provide a solution to this problem by enabling effective cross-company AI without data disclosure. In this Viewpoint, we discuss the use, value, and implications of this approach in a cross-company setting., Comment: Article accepted for publication in the Communications of the ACM on June 8, 2021

Published
2021

13. Toward a Framework for Human-Technology Cooperation in Manufacturing

Author

Fiedler, Jannick, Maghazei, Omid, Seeliger, Arne, Netland, Torbjørn, Rannenberg, Kai, Editor-in-Chief, Soares Barbosa, Luís, Editorial Board Member, Goedicke, Michael, Editorial Board Member, Tatnall, Arthur, Editorial Board Member, Neuhold, Erich J., Editorial Board Member, Stiller, Burkhard, Editorial Board Member, Stettner, Lukasz, Editorial Board Member, Pries-Heje, Jan, Editorial Board Member, Kreps, David, Editorial Board Member, Rettberg, Achim, Editorial Board Member, Furnell, Steven, Editorial Board Member, Mercier-Laurent, Eunika, Editorial Board Member, Winckler, Marco, Editorial Board Member, Malaka, Rainer, Editorial Board Member, Alfnes, Erlend, editor, Romsdal, Anita, editor, Strandhagen, Jan Ola, editor, von Cieminski, Gregor, editor, and Romero, David, editor

Published
2023
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14. Service-Oriented Architecture for Driving Digital Transformation: Insights from a Case Study

Author

Maghazei, Omid, Messerli, Marco, Gittler, Thomas, Netland, Torbjørn, Rannenberg, Kai, Editor-in-Chief, Soares Barbosa, Luís, Editorial Board Member, Goedicke, Michael, Editorial Board Member, Tatnall, Arthur, Editorial Board Member, Neuhold, Erich J., Editorial Board Member, Stiller, Burkhard, Editorial Board Member, Stettner, Lukasz, Editorial Board Member, Pries-Heje, Jan, Editorial Board Member, Kreps, David, Editorial Board Member, Rettberg, Achim, Editorial Board Member, Furnell, Steven, Editorial Board Member, Mercier-Laurent, Eunika, Editorial Board Member, Winckler, Marco, Editorial Board Member, Malaka, Rainer, Editorial Board Member, Alfnes, Erlend, editor, Romsdal, Anita, editor, Strandhagen, Jan Ola, editor, von Cieminski, Gregor, editor, and Romero, David, editor

Published
2023
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20. Combining Agile Hardware Development with Additive Manufacturing: Implications for a Manufacturing Firm’s Business Model

Author

Omidvarkarjan, Daniel, Streuli, Robin, Maghazei, Omid, Netland, Torbjørn, Meboldt, Mirko, Rannenberg, Kai, Editor-in-Chief, Soares Barbosa, Luís, Editorial Board Member, Goedicke, Michael, Editorial Board Member, Tatnall, Arthur, Editorial Board Member, Neuhold, Erich J., Editorial Board Member, Stiller, Burkhard, Editorial Board Member, Tröltzsch, Fredi, Editorial Board Member, Pries-Heje, Jan, Editorial Board Member, Kreps, David, Editorial Board Member, Reis, Ricardo, Editorial Board Member, Furnell, Steven, Editorial Board Member, Mercier-Laurent, Eunika, Editorial Board Member, Winckler, Marco, Editorial Board Member, Malaka, Rainer, Editorial Board Member, Kim, Duck Young, editor, von Cieminski, Gregor, editor, and Romero, David, editor

Published
2022
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21. Manufacturing Repurposing: A Literature Review

Author

Ho, Wan Ri, Maghazei, Omid, Netland, Torbjørn, Rannenberg, Kai, Editor-in-Chief, Soares Barbosa, Luís, Editorial Board Member, Goedicke, Michael, Editorial Board Member, Tatnall, Arthur, Editorial Board Member, Neuhold, Erich J., Editorial Board Member, Stiller, Burkhard, Editorial Board Member, Tröltzsch, Fredi, Editorial Board Member, Pries-Heje, Jan, Editorial Board Member, Kreps, David, Editorial Board Member, Reis, Ricardo, Editorial Board Member, Furnell, Steven, Editorial Board Member, Mercier-Laurent, Eunika, Editorial Board Member, Winckler, Marco, Editorial Board Member, Malaka, Rainer, Editorial Board Member, Kim, Duck Young, editor, von Cieminski, Gregor, editor, and Romero, David, editor

Published
2022
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38. Layout

Author

Baudin, Michel, primary and Netland, Torbjørn, additional

Published
2022
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39. Teaching in Virtual Reality: Experiences from a Lean Masterclass

Author

Netland, Torbjørn, Hines, Peter, Rannenberg, Kai, Editor-in-Chief, Soares Barbosa, Luís, Editorial Board Member, Goedicke, Michael, Editorial Board Member, Tatnall, Arthur, Editorial Board Member, Neuhold, Erich J., Editorial Board Member, Stiller, Burkhard, Editorial Board Member, Tröltzsch, Fredi, Editorial Board Member, Pries-Heje, Jan, Editorial Board Member, Kreps, David, Editorial Board Member, Reis, Ricardo, Editorial Board Member, Furnell, Steven, Editorial Board Member, Mercier-Laurent, Eunika, Editorial Board Member, Winckler, Marco, Editorial Board Member, Malaka, Rainer, Editorial Board Member, Powell, Daryl John, editor, Alfnes, Erlend, editor, Holmemo, Marte D. Q., editor, and Reke, Eivind, editor

Published
2021
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41. Blockchain for Product Authenticity in the Cannabis Supply Chain

Author

Januszek, Sven, Siegrist, Andreas, Netland, Torbjørn H., Rannenberg, Kai, Editor-in-Chief, Soares Barbosa, Luís, Editorial Board Member, Goedicke, Michael, Editorial Board Member, Tatnall, Arthur, Editorial Board Member, Neuhold, Erich J., Editorial Board Member, Stiller, Burkhard, Editorial Board Member, Tröltzsch, Fredi, Editorial Board Member, Pries-Heje, Jan, Editorial Board Member, Kreps, David, Editorial Board Member, Reis, Ricardo, Editorial Board Member, Furnell, Steven, Editorial Board Member, Mercier-Laurent, Eunika, Editorial Board Member, Winckler, Marco, Editorial Board Member, Malaka, Rainer, Editorial Board Member, Dolgui, Alexandre, editor, Bernard, Alain, editor, Lemoine, David, editor, von Cieminski, Gregor, editor, and Romero, David, editor

Published
2021
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42. Automatic Drones for Factory Inspection: The Role of Virtual Simulation

Author

Maghazei, Omid, Netland, Torbjørn H., Frauenberger, Dirk, Thalmann, Tobias, Rannenberg, Kai, Editor-in-Chief, Soares Barbosa, Luís, Editorial Board Member, Goedicke, Michael, Editorial Board Member, Tatnall, Arthur, Editorial Board Member, Neuhold, Erich J., Editorial Board Member, Stiller, Burkhard, Editorial Board Member, Tröltzsch, Fredi, Editorial Board Member, Pries-Heje, Jan, Editorial Board Member, Kreps, David, Editorial Board Member, Reis, Ricardo, Editorial Board Member, Furnell, Steven, Editorial Board Member, Mercier-Laurent, Eunika, Editorial Board Member, Winckler, Marco, Editorial Board Member, Malaka, Rainer, Editorial Board Member, Dolgui, Alexandre, editor, Bernard, Alain, editor, Lemoine, David, editor, von Cieminski, Gregor, editor, and Romero, David, editor

Published
2021
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43. Setting the Stage for Research on Aftermarket Production Systems in Operations Management

Author

Gróf, Clemens, Netland, Torbjørn H., Rannenberg, Kai, Editor-in-Chief, Soares Barbosa, Luís, Editorial Board Member, Goedicke, Michael, Editorial Board Member, Tatnall, Arthur, Editorial Board Member, Neuhold, Erich J., Editorial Board Member, Stiller, Burkhard, Editorial Board Member, Tröltzsch, Fredi, Editorial Board Member, Pries-Heje, Jan, Editorial Board Member, Kreps, David, Editorial Board Member, Reis, Ricardo, Editorial Board Member, Furnell, Steven, Editorial Board Member, Mercier-Laurent, Eunika, Editorial Board Member, Winckler, Marco, Editorial Board Member, Malaka, Rainer, Editorial Board Member, Dolgui, Alexandre, editor, Bernard, Alain, editor, Lemoine, David, editor, von Cieminski, Gregor, editor, and Romero, David, editor

Published
2021
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44. Advances in Production Management Systems: Issues, Trends, and Vision Towards 2030

Author

Romero, David, Von Cieminski, Gregor, Wuest, Thorsten, Gaiardelli, Paolo, Moon, Ilkyeong, Pezzotta, Giuditta, Wiesner, Stefan, Macchi, Marco, Baalsrud Hauge, Jannicke, Roda, Irene, Powell, Daryl, Netland, Torbjørn, Kulvatunyou, Boonserm (Serm), Szirbik, Nick, Roser, Christoph, Alfnes, Erlend, Rudberg, Martin, Rannenberg, Kai, Editor-in-Chief, Soares Barbosa, Luís, Editorial Board Member, Goedicke, Michael, Editorial Board Member, Tatnall, Arthur, Editorial Board Member, Neuhold, Erich J., Editorial Board Member, Stiller, Burkhard, Editorial Board Member, Tröltzsch, Fredi, Editorial Board Member, Pries-Heje, Jan, Editorial Board Member, Kreps, David, Editorial Board Member, Reis, Ricardo, Editorial Board Member, Furnell, Steven, Editorial Board Member, Mercier-Laurent, Eunika, Editorial Board Member, Winckler, Marco, Editorial Board Member, Malaka, Rainer, Editorial Board Member, and Neuhold, Erich, editor

Published
2021
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46. Teaching Operations Management with Virtual Reality: Bringing the Factory to the Students

Author

Netland, Torbjørn H., Flaeschner, Oliver, Maghazei, Omid, and Brown, Karin

Abstract

Recent developments in virtual reality (VR) technologies offer new opportunities for teaching management courses. The objective of this article is to present one way to use VR to teach operations management. In partnership with a global manufacturer, we integrate virtual environments of the manufacturers' real factories in a course assignment. The assignment was used in two graduate operations management courses. Theoretically, we draw on the concept of immersion. To evaluate the effects of VR on students' learning experiences, we use focus groups and a survey. We find that VR can be implemented cost-efficiently in operations management courses and present one way to do it. Considering effectiveness, we find that students generally perceive that VR improves their learning experience. The presented VR assignment provides students a guided discovery learning, which is active. However, we also find several limitations with the current technology, which can be overcome in future implementations. Teachers can use the idea and findings presented here to innovate their own teaching by the means of readily available and low-cost VR technologies.

Published
2020
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49. Assessing the Value of Process Improvement Suggestions

Author

Netland, Torbjørn H., Mizuyama, Hajime, Lorenz, Rafael, Rannenberg, Kai, Editor-in-Chief, Soares Barbosa, Luís, Editorial Board Member, Goedicke, Michael, Editorial Board Member, Tatnall, Arthur, Editorial Board Member, Neuhold, Erich J., Editorial Board Member, Stiller, Burkhard, Editorial Board Member, Tröltzsch, Fredi, Editorial Board Member, Pries-Heje, Jan, Editorial Board Member, Kreps, David, Editorial Board Member, Reis, Ricardo, Editorial Board Member, Furnell, Steven, Editorial Board Member, Mercier-Laurent, Eunika, Editorial Board Member, Winckler, Marco, Editorial Board Member, Malaka, Rainer, Editorial Board Member, Lalic, Bojan, editor, Majstorovic, Vidosav, editor, Marjanovic, Ugljesa, editor, von Cieminski, Gregor, editor, and Romero, David, editor

Published
2020
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50. Teaching Lean with Virtual Reality: Gemba VR

Author

Netland, Torbjørn H., Lorenz, Rafael, Senoner, Julian, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Gomide, Fernando, Advisory Editor, Kaynak, Okyay, Advisory Editor, Liu, Derong, Advisory Editor, Pedrycz, Witold, Advisory Editor, Polycarpou, Marios M., Advisory Editor, Rudas, Imre J., Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Rossi, Monica, editor, Rossini, Matteo, editor, and Terzi, Sergio, editor

Published
2020
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