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To evaluate the clinical performance of a 1-step self-etch dentin adhesive that was applied according to the manufacturers' recommendations, doubling the adhesive application time and layer in Class I cavities with a composite resin.A total of 39 patients aged between 14 and 43 (mean age: 19.1) years were enrolled in the study. Each patient received three restorations. In these three restorations, a 1-step self-etch adhesive was applied according to the manufacturer's recommendations (control group), by doubling the adhesive application time, and with double layers. The restorations were evaluated according to modified USPHS criteria at baseline, and 1, 2, 3, and 4-year recalls.After 4 years, the success rate was 100% for restorations with the adhesive applied according to the manufacturers' recommendations, 96.9% for restorations applied by doubling the adhesive application time, and 93.8% for restorations applied with double adhesive layers. There was no significant difference between the three application methods among all the evaluation periods regarding the evaluation criteria.The 4-year success rates of a 1-step self-etch dentin adhesive that was applied according to the manufacturers' recommendation, by doubling the adhesive application time, and with double layers were excellent.It is not recommended to double the adhesive application time nor apply a double layer of a 1-step self-etch adhesive because it does not improve the clinical performance of Class I composite restorations.

Objective:The objective of this study is to examine the perceived sources and levels of stress reported by three different dental faculty students from Turkey. This study also aims to compare stress sources among these students with respect to the role of faculties, specific curricula and institutional differences.Methods:In total, 1,294 students participated in a survey in 2015. This survey used Modified Dental Environmental Stress questionnaire comprising 47 items that were grouped into 6 categories: academic performance; preclinical and clinical training; patient treatment; faculty administration and education staff; personal life issues; and professional identity after graduation. Responses were recorded on a four-point rating scale ranging from not stressful (1 point) to very stressful (4 points).Results:The response rate of the study was 63.3% (1,294/2,045). The “concern about failing the course or year due to the inability to finish clinical schoolwork” (clinical score) was found as the highest stress item (mean score =3.57). More than one-third of questionnaire items showed the presence of moderate-to-severe stress with mean scores between 3.57 and 3.06. The preclinical and clinical training category showed the highest mean stress score (3.09) than other categories. In most of the stress items and six stress categories, females showed significantly more stress than males. A significant difference was found among at least two or more faculties for each stress category.Conclusion:The modification of curricula, establishment of student counselling, assignment of student advisors and studentoriented programmes may be considered as stress reduction methods. However, further studies are warranted to examine the success of these methods.

Objective. This study has aimed to evaluate the effects of toothbrushing on the wear behavior of two composites, three ceramic materials, and ceramic/composite interfaces. Material and Methods. Nanofilled (Filtek Ultimate), and nanohybrid composites (Spectra ST HV) were used for the repair of a hybrid ceramic (Vita Enamic), resin nanoceramic (Katana Avencia), and zirconia block (Katana Zirconia). Composites, ceramics, and ceramic/composite interfaces were examined before and after a period of one-month and one-year of toothbrush abrasion testing using non-contact optical profilometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni correction. The statistical significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results. No difference was found between the surface roughness of the Vita Enamic, Katana Avencia, Filtek Ultimate, and Spectra surfaces after one month and one year of toothbrushing. Sa values in Katana Zirconia material were found to be significantly lower than those in the control group after one year of brushing. The surface roughness of the repair interfaces formed by repairing hybrid ceramic and resin nanoceramic CAD/CAM materials with nanofilled and nanohybrid composite materials was found to be similar after different brushing times. Conclusion. Vita Enamic, Katana Avencia, Filtek Ultimate, and Spectra materials can be preferred in clinical repair applications, since they exhibit similar wear behavior after brushing at different times. For the zirconia material, the repair interface had similar surface roughness as the ceramic and composite surfaces after one year of brushing. Periodic recalls and re-polishing may thus be necessary when these products are used clinically.

Objective:This study aimed to evaluate and analyse the 100 top-cited published articles with the first author affiliated in Turkey institutions.Materials and Methods:Dental articles with authors from Turkey were searched using the “Advanced Search” tool of the Web of Knowledge. The main institution was identified as the address of the first author in Turkey. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the results.Results:The 101 top-cited articles were cited 12,577 times and were published between 2016 and 1981. The top-cited article with the highest number of citation was cited 351 times. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry published the highest number of top-cited articles, and most of the studies covered by top-cited articles focused on prosthetic dentistry. Twenty-two institutions have made contributions to the top-cited articles. Forty-five articles were produced by individual institutions. The field of basic science had the highest number with 54 articles, followed by the field of clinical research with 40 articles. “Implant” was the main study topic of articles. Randomised controlled trial was the most common study design for articles in the field of clinical research, and the majority of the articles had level II of evidence.Conclusion:This study provided insights about scientific trends of dentistry in Turkey. If the focus of randomised controlled trials is extended to other clinical topics besides implant and international collaboration is increased, articles may be more recognised and cited.

To evaluate the clinical performance of direct composite restorations using nanohybrid and nanofill composite materials in anterior teeth in patients with amelogenesis imperfecta (AI).The study included 15 patients with AI aged 14-30 years. During the study, the patients received anterior direct composite laminate veneer restorations using either a nanohybrid (Clearfil Majesty ES-2 and Clearfil Universal Bond, Kuraray Noritake) or a nanofill resin composite (Filtek Ultimate Universal Restorative and Single Bond Universal Adhesive, 3M Oral Care). The restorations were evaluated according to the modified USPHS criteria at baseline and at 1-, 2-, 3- and 4-year follow-up periods.The cumulative success rate of anterior restorations was 80.5% for nanohybrid and 92.5% for nanofill composite after 4 years. Eight restorations with nanohybrid and three restorations with nanofill resin composites failed. Ten restorations failed due to fracture; the fracture rate was 12.3%. Statistically significant differences were found between nanohybrid and nanofill composites regarding marginal discoloration and surface texture after 3 years. Furthermore, statistically significant differences were observed with respect to color match after 4 years.The use of a nanohybrid or nanofill composite for anterior direct restorations in patients with AI was observed to be satisfactory, based on the rate of ideal and clinically acceptable restorations. The primary reason for restoration failure was fracture. The failure rate of nanohybrid composite restorations was higher than with nanofill composite restorations with respect to survival and marginal adaptation criteria.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of different sandblasting procedures on the wear and surface properties of zirconia and resin-based CAD/CAM restorative materials and to evaluate the relationships among materials and procedures. Materials and Methods: A total of 160 specimens of 2 mm thickness were prepared from Cerasmart, Vita-Enamic, Tetric-CAD, and Katana-Zirconia CAD/CAM materials. Each material was divided into four groups. Group-1: Control; Group-2: 29 μm Al2O3; Group-3: 30 μm CoJet; and Group-4: 50 μm Al2O3. Sandblasting procedures were applied from a distance of 10 mm for 15 s at 2 bar pressure. The volume loss resulting from sandblasting was calculated. The samples were then scanned with a Nanovea-PS50 non-contact profilometer. The Ra, Rz, and Sa values were recorded. The data were analyzed with the Shapiro-Wilk test and two-way ANOVA. Results: Group-4 showed the highest Ra and Rz values in all materials. The highest Sa and volume differences values were observed for Cerasmart, Vita-Enamic, and Tetric-CAD in Group-4; similar values were obtained for Katana-Zirconia. When the materials were compared, Cerasmart exhibited the highest volume differences, Ra, Rz, and Sa values in Group-4, while Katana-Zirconia demonstrated the lowest. Conclusions: Sandblasting procedure and material type showed a significant impact on the wear and surface properties. The abrasive effect increased with the increasing Al2O3 particle sizes for resin-matrix materials. Sandblasting with 50 μm Al2O3 exhibited the lowest wear and surface roughness values for Katana-Zirconia and the highest for Cerasmart.

The aim of the study was to investigate the fracture strength of different composite resins and the quantity of voids in conventional posterior composite, high-flow flowable composite, bulk-fill flowable composite, and fiber-reinforced composite. Forty-four caries-free, freshly extracted mandibular premolars were used for this study. Teeth were prepared for cavity and root canal treatment. Subsequently, root canal treatment was applied to the teeth and cavities in order to prepare them for restorations. The specimens were then divided into four groups: group-1: Estelite Posterior; group-2: Estelite Flow Quick High Flow; group-3: Estelite Bulk-fill Flow; group-4: everX Posterior. One specimen from each experimental group was examined using micro-CT to perform measurement of voids. The fracture strength values of high-flow flowable, bulk-fill flowable, fiber-reinforced, and conventional micro-hybrid composites were found to be similar (p=0.497). EverX Posterior showed the highest fracture strength values (841.1±149.4 N), followed by Estelite Bulk-fill Flow (822.8±170.8 N). Volume of voids (%) obtained from Micro-CT analysis revealed that restorations with high-flow liner or bulk-fill flowable exhibited more voids. The fiber-reinforced composite showed the lowest percentage volume of incorporating voids and the highest fracture strength results. Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio fue investigar la resistencia a la fractura de diferentes resinas compuestas y la cantidad de burbujas en resinas posteriores convencionales, resinas fluidas de alto flujo, resinas fluidas tipo bulk-fill y resinas reforzados con fibras. Materiales y Métodos: Cuarenta y cuatro premolares mandibulares libres de caries, recién extraídos, fueron usados para este estudio. Los dientes se prepararon para el tratamiento de conductos radiculares y las cavidades para prepararlos para las restauraciones. Los especímenes se dividieron en cuatro grupos: Grupo-1: Estelite Posterior; Grupo-2: Estelite Flow Quick High Flow; Grupo-3: Estelite Bulk-fill Flow; Grupo-4: everX Posterior. Un espécimen de cada grupo experimental fue examinado usando micro-CT para realizar la medición de las burbujas. Resultados: Los valores de resistencia a la fractura de los compuestos de alto flujo, flujo de relleno, reforzados con fibra y microhíbridos convencionales fueron similares (p=0,497). EverX Posterior mostró los valores más altos de resistencia a la fractura (841,1±149,4 N), seguido de Estelite Bulk-fill Flow (822,8±170,8 N). Conclusión: El volumen de las burbujas (%) obtenido del análisis de Micro-TC reveló que las restauraciones con revestimiento de alto flujo o con flujo de relleno a granel presentaban más huecos. El compuesto reforzado con fibra mostró el menor porcentaje de volumen de incorporación de vacíos y los resultados más altos de resistencia a la fractura.

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, CAD/CAM yüzeylerinde gerçekleştirilen yapıştırma prosedürünün farklı aşamalarında gerçekleşen tükürük kontaminasyonun, su ya da etanol ile temizlenmesinin bağlanma dayanıma etkisini incelemektir. Yöntemler: Cerasmart (GC) ve Shofu Block (Shofu) CAD/CAM materyallerden (7×7×2 mm) hazırlanan örnekler, otopolimerizan akrilik ile sabitlendi. Örneklerin yüzeyleri Al2O3 kum ile kumlandı, arkasından çalışma protokollerine göre şu şekilde gruplara ayrıldı: Grup-1(kontrol): Firma önerisi yapıştırma protokolü (Primer/Siman/Kompozit), Grup-2: Tükürük-kontaminasyonu / Su ile temizleme/Primer/Siman/Kompozit, Grup-3: Tükürük-kontaminasyonu / %70 etanol ile temizleme /Primer/Siman/Kompozit, Grup-4: Primer-uygulaması/ Tükürük-kontaminasyonu / Su ile temizleme / Tekrar primer-uygulaması/Siman/Kompozit, Grup-5: Primer-uygulaması / Tükürük-kontaminasyonu / %70 etanol ile temizleme / Tekrar-primer uygulaması /Siman/Kompozit. Her grup için CAD/CAM materyallere primer olarak Z-Prime Plus 10 sn uygulandı. Ardından hazırlanan kompozit rezinler (Clearfil Majesty ES-2, Kuraray), dual-cured rezin siman (Duo-Link Universal Light Curing Resin Cement, BİSCO) aracılığıyla yapıştırıldı. Örnekler 24 saat 37oC suda bekletildi ve bağlanma dayanım testine tabi tutuldu. Veriler tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) ve Tukey HSD testi kullanılarak analiz edildi (P < .05).Bulgular: En yüksek bağlanma dayanımı değeri Cerasmart Grup-1’de (19.86±5.27.), en düşük bağlanma dayanımı değeri Shofu Block HC Grup-5’te (13.02±4.83) bulundu (P = .67). Tükürük kontaminasyonun primer uygulamasından önce veya sonra gerçekleşmesi bağlanma dayanım değerlerini etkilemedi. Her iki materyal içinde dekontaminasyon işleminin su ya da %70 etanol ile gerçekleştirilmesi arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık bulunmadı. Sonuç: Kontaminasyonun primer uygulamasından önce veya sonra meydana gelmesinin bağlanma dayanımına etkisi bulunmamaktadır. Uygulanan her iki dekontaminasyon yöntemi de klinik olarak yeterli bağlanma dayanımı sağlamaktadır. Primer kullanımı, gelişmiş bağlanma dayanımı değerleri üzerinde etkilidir.Anahtar Kelimeler: CAD/CAM, rezin seramik, bağlanma dayanımı, kontaminasyon, tükürükThe effect of different surface decontamination procedures on bond strength values of CAD/CAM restorativesAbstractObjective: The aim of this study is to examine the effect of saliva contamination, which occurs at different stages of the bonding procedure on CAD/CAM surfaces, on the bond strength of decontamination with water or ethanol.Methods: Samples prepared from GC Cerasmart and Shofu Block CAD/CAM materials (7×7×2 mm) were fixed with autopolymerizing acrylic. The surfaces of the samples were sandblasted with Al2O3, then were divided into groups according to study protocols. Group-1 (control): Company recommendation bonding protocol (Primer/Cement/Composite), Group-2: Saliva-contamination/Cleaning with water/primer/cement/composite, Group-3: Saliva-contamination/Cleaning with 70% ethanol/primer/cement/composite Group-4: Primer-application/Saliva-contamination/Cleaning with water/Re-primer-application/cement/composite, Group-5: Primer-application/Saliva-contamination/Cleaning with 70% ethanol/Re-primer-application/cement/composite. For each groups, Z-Prime Plus was applied to the CAD/CAM for 10-seconds as a primer. After, the composite resins (Clearfil Majesty ES-2, Kuraray) were bonded via dual-cured resin cement (Duo-Link resin cement, Bisco). The samples were kept in 37oC water for 24 hours and subjected to the bond strength test. Data were analyzed with one way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey HSD tests (P < .05). Results: The highest bond strength value was found in Cerasmart Group-1 (19.86±5.27.) and the lowest value was found in Shofu Block Group-5 (13.02±4.83) (P = .67). The occurrence of saliva contamination before or after primer didn’t affect the bond strength values. There was no statistically significant difference between decontamination with water or 70% ethanol for both materials.Conclusion: Contamination occurred before or after the primer has no effect on bond strength. Both decontamination methods provide clinically sufficient bond strength. The use of primer is effective on improved bond strength values.Keywords: CAD/CAM, resin ceramic, bond strength, contamination, saliva, Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, CAD/CAM yüzeylerinde gerçekleştirilen yapıştırma prosedürünün farklı aşamalarında gerçekleşen tükürük kontaminasyonun, su ya da etanol ile temizlenmesinin bağlanma dayanıma etkisini incelemektir. Yöntemler: Cerasmart (GC) ve Shofu Block (Shofu) CAD/CAM materyallerden (7×7×2 mm) hazırlanan örnekler, otopolimerizan akrilik ile sabitlendi. Örneklerin yüzeyleri Al2O3 kum ile kumlandı, arkasından çalışma protokollerine göre şu şekilde gruplara ayrıldı: Grup-1(kontrol): Firma önerisi yapıştırma protokolü (Primer/Siman/Kompozit), Grup-2: Tükürük-kontaminasyonu / Su ile temizleme/Primer/Siman/Kompozit, Grup-3: Tükürük-kontaminasyonu / %70 etanol ile temizleme /Primer/Siman/Kompozit, Grup-4: Primer-uygulaması/ Tükürük-kontaminasyonu / Su ile temizleme / Tekrar primer-uygulaması/Siman/Kompozit, Grup-5: Primer-uygulaması / Tükürük-kontaminasyonu / %70 etanol ile temizleme / Tekrar-primer uygulaması /Siman/Kompozit. Her grup için CAD/CAM materyallere primer olarak Z-Prime Plus 10 sn uygulandı. Ardından hazırlanan kompozit rezinler (Clearfil Majesty ES-2, Kuraray), dual-cured rezin siman (Duo-Link Universal Light Curing Resin Cement, BİSCO) aracılığıyla yapıştırıldı. Örnekler 24 saat 37oC suda bekletildi ve bağlanma dayanım testine tabi tutuldu. Veriler tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) ve Tukey HSD testi kullanılarak analiz edildi (P < .05).Bulgular: En yüksek bağlanma dayanımı değeri Cerasmart Grup-1’de (19.86±5.27.), en düşük bağlanma dayanımı değeri Shofu Block HC Grup-5’te (13.02±4.83) bulundu (P = .67). Tükürük kontaminasyonun primer uygulamasından önce veya sonra gerçekleşmesi bağlanma dayanım değerlerini etkilemedi. Her iki materyal içinde dekontaminasyon işleminin su ya da %70 etanol ile gerçekleştirilmesi arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık bulunmadı. Sonuç: Kontaminasyonun primer uygulamasından önce veya sonra meydana gelmesinin bağlanma dayanımına etkisi bulunmamaktadır. Uygulanan her iki dekontaminasyon yöntemi de klinik olarak yeterli bağlanma dayanımı sağlamaktadır. Primer kullanımı, gelişmiş bağlanma dayanımı değerleri üzerinde etkilidir.Anahtar Kelimeler: CAD/CAM, rezin seramik, bağlanma dayanımı, kontaminasyon, tükürükAbstractObjective: The aim of this study is to examine the effect of saliva contamination, which occurs at different stages of the bonding procedure on CAD/CAM surfaces, on the bond strength of decontamination with water or ethanol.Methods: Samples prepared from GC Cerasmart and Shofu Block CAD/CAM materials (7×7×2 mm) were fixed with autopolymerizing acrylic. The surfaces of the samples were sandblasted with Al2O3, then were divided into groups according to study protocols. Group-1 (control): Company recommendation bonding protocol (Primer/Cement/Composite), Group-2: Saliva-contamination/Cleaning with water/primer/cement/composite, Group-3: Saliva-contamination/Cleaning with 70% ethanol/primer/cement/composite Group-4: Primer-application/Saliva-contamination/Cleaning with water/Re-primer-application/cement/composite, Group-5: Primer-application/Saliva-contamination/Cleaning with 70% ethanol/Re-primer-application/cement/composite. For each groups, Z-Prime Plus was applied to the CAD/CAM for 10-seconds as a primer. After, the composite resins (Clearfil Majesty ES-2, Kuraray) were bonded via dual-cured resin cement (Duo-Link resin cement, Bisco). The samples were kept in 37oC water for 24 hours and subjected to the bond strength test. Data were analyzed with one way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey HSD tests (P < .05). Results: The highest bond strength value was found in Cerasmart Group-1 (19.86±5.27.) and the lowest value was found in Shofu Block Group-5 (13.02±4.83) (P = .67). The occurrence of saliva contamination before or after primer didn’t affect the bond strength values. There was no statistically significant difference between decontamination with water or 70% ethanol for both materials.Conclusion: Contamination occurred before or after the primer has no effect on bond strength. Both decontamination methods provide clinically sufficient bond strength. The use of primer is effective on improved bond strength values.Keywords: CAD/CAM, resin ceramic, bond strength, contamination, saliva

The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence and predisposing and etiologic factors of dentin hypersensitivity (DH), as well as the demographic characteristics of patients.The 1210 patients were examined. The research was based on a two-step investigation: questionnaire and clinical examination. DH was evaluated by the response of the patient to tactile and air-blast stimuli. Loss of attachment and gingival recession of sensitive teeth was measured on the buccal and lingual surfaces. Also, the tooth wear of sensitive teeth was graded on the buccal and lingual surfaces. Comparisons of nonnormally distributed continuous variables were performed using the Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Dunn's post hoc test. Comparisons of categorical variables were performed using Pearson's chi-square, Fisher's exact chi-square, Yates's chi-square, and the Monte Carlo chi-square test.One hundred twenty-four patients reported DH, showing a prevalence for self-reported DH of 10.2%. Eight hundred forty teeth were diagnosed as having DH, giving a clinical diagnosis rate of DH of 29.4%. Females (76.8%), the 31-40 years age group (26%), housewives (36.8%), and high school education level (38%) had the highest prevalence of DH as demographic properties. A cold stimulus was the most common stimuli trigger for hypersensitivity (97.1%). Occasional pain (55.5%) showed the highest prevalence in terms of frequency of DH. A higher rate of DH was found with the use of medium brushes (47.4%) and brushing twice per day (59.4%) for 1-2 min (56.2%) with the circular method (33.8%) as oral hygiene habits. The buccal surface of the lower right central incisors (5.7%) had the highest prevalence. The most affected teeth by DH were incisors (38.4%). The buccal surfaces (86.3%) of teeth showed a higher high prevalence of DH compared with the lingual surface (52.7%), similar to gingival recession (40.9% vs. 15.7%) and loss of attachment (68.3% vs. 42.6%).Clinically diagnosed DH was more common than self-reported DH. Some factors related to patients such as sex (female), the 31-40 years age group, housewives, high school students, using medium brushes, brushing twice per day, and the circular brushing method were more likely to have a risk for DH. Also, buccal surfaces of teeth, gingival recession, and loss of attachment on the buccal surface of teeth should be considered as predisposing factors for DH.To control and prevent DH, clinicians should consider patients' demographics, predisposing factors, and etiologic factors.

PURPOSE To investigate the effects of different polishing procedures on surface properties of CAD/CAM resin blocks. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, three different CAD/CAM restorative materials (Cerasmart, Lava Ultimate and Shofu Block HC) were used. CAD/CAM blocks were cut in 3-mm-thick slabs and divided into 5 groups. Group-1: Glaze; Group-2: Two-step Diamond Polisher; Group-3: One-step Diamond Polisher; Group-4: Three-step Diamond Polisher; Group-5: Polishing Discs+Diamond Paste. After polishing, top surfaces of the samples were prepared to screen by noncontact laser profilometer (Nanovea) for measurements. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS The arithmetical mean deviation of the profile was defined as Ra. The extension of Ra (a line's arithmetical mean height) to a surface was defined as Sa. Compared to the arithmetical mean of the surface, Sa expresses the difference in terms of each point's height as an absolute value. Sa was commonly used to assess surface roughness. The highest surface roughness (Ra) values in this study were 0.313 ± 0.05 for Cerasmart, 0.433 ± 0.10 for Lava Ultimate and 0.320 ± 0.05 for Shofu Block HC. The specimens in Group-4 displayed higher Ra values than other groups for each CAD/CAM material. According to surface topography (Sa) values, highest values were 2.936 ± 1.25 for Cerasmart, 2.633 ± 1.28 for Lava Ultimate and 3.489 ± 0.57 for Shofu Block HC. For Cerasmart, LAVA Ultimate and Shofu blocks, Group-1 exhibited significantly higher Sa values than other groups (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Optiglaze Color, Sof-Lex Diamond and Identoflex Diamond Ceramic Polisher create smooth CAD/CAM resin surfaces. However, surface roughness values of Cosmedent Nano/Microhybrid Diamond and Diapolisher Paste applied specimens were high. According to Sa values, highest roughness values belong to Optiglaze Color.

This study aims to analyze and assess the effects of three particular dentin pretreatment solutions on the bond durability of a two-step self-etch adhesive (Optibond XTR) applied to dentin after ageing for 2 years. Thirty-five third molars which were extracted (n = 5 for μTBS, n = 2 for nanoleakage) were divided into five groups: Group 1:Control (no pretreatment), Group 2:17% EDTA, Group 3:2% CHX, Group 4:17% EDTA plus 2% CHX, Group 5: Q-Mix. After the pretreatments of dentin, the dentin adhesive was applied as per the guidelines provided by the manufacturer. Half of the specimens were subjected to μTBS tests for 24 hr, while the remaining half were subjected to the tests after being kept for 2 years in water storage. Also, nanoleakage was evaluated with FE-SEM by examining silver nitrate deposits. The data obtained were evaluated using a two-way analysis of variance and Tukey Post Hoc test. The dentin pretreatments did not affect the 24 hr and 2 years μTBS values for OptiBond XTR. At 24 hr, the EDTA + CHX group (50.3 ± 4.9) showed that the highest μTBS value was obtained. Water ageing significantly reduced the μTBS results and after 2 years the highest μTBS value was obtained from the Q-Mix group (37.7 ± 5.2). Different dentin pretreatments do not alter the 24-hr μTBS and were not able to preserve the bond strength after 2 years of ageing. Q-Mix was able to slow down the regression in the strength of the dentin bond as well as nanoleakage over time.

Purpose: The objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of four different self-adhesive resin cements to a resin-based ceramic CAD/CAM block, at the baseline, and after subjecting them to 5,000 thermo-cycles.Materials and Methods: Four self-adhesive dual-cured resin cements; G-CEM LinkAce (GC EUROPE, Leuven, Belgium), RelyX U200 (3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany), Maxcem Elite (Kerr, CA, USA), TheraCem (Bisco, Schaumburg, USA) were applied to Cerasmart CAD/CAM blocks (GC EUROPE, Leuven, Belgium). CAD/CAM blocks were sectioned into sticks and subjected to µTBS tests at 24 hours, and the other half were subjected to tests after 5000 thermo-cycles. The data were tested by one-way variance analysis (p

To evaluate the clinical performance of direct posterior composite restorations with and without short glass-fiber (SGF) reinforced composite in endodontically treated teeth.Twenty-four patients (mean age 32.5 years) were included in the study and two molars of each patient received endodontic treatment. After endodontic treatment, one tooth was restored with G-aenial Bond/fiber-reinforced composite (everX Posterior GC) using a microhybrid composite (G-aenial Posterior), and the other tooth was restored with G-aenial Bond/microhybrid composite (G-aenial Posterior). The modified USPHS criteria were used to evaluate the restorations at baseline, 1-, 2-, and 3-year follow-ups.The success rate of the everX Posterior and G-aenial Posterior restorations after 3 years was 78.3% and 91.3%, respectively. Five everX Posterior restorations and two G-aenial Posterior restorations failed. Based on the criteria used in this study, no significant differences between the two restorations were found at any evaluation time.All restorations showed acceptable clinical performance regarding all evaluation criteria, apart from the failed restorations. The main cause of restoration failure was restoration fracture. The failure rate of everX Posterior restorations was higher than G-aenial Posterior restorations.

Sismanoglu, Soner/0000-0002-1272-5581; Tekce, Neslihan/0000-0002-5447-3159; erdem kuruca, serap/0000-0001-7878-9994; Demirci, Mustafa/0000-0002-9297-6945 WOS:000529831000007 PubMed: 32377322 PURPOSE. The effects of four different self-adhesive resin cement materials on cell viability and apoptosis after direct and indirect exposure were evaluated using different cell culture techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Self-adhesive cements were applied to NIH/3T3 mouse fibroblasts by the extract test method, cell culture inserts, and dentin barrier test method. After exposure periods of 24 h and 72 h, the cytotoxicity of these self-adhesive materials was evaluated using the MTT assay (viability) and the Annexin-V-FITC/P1 staining (apoptosis). RESULTS. The lowest cell viability was found in cells exposed to BeautiCem SA for 24 h in the extract test method. Cell viability was reduced to 70.6% compared to negative controls. After the 72 h exposure period, viability rate of cell cultures exposed to BeautiCem SA decreased more than 2- fold (29.5%) while cells exposed to RelyX U200 showed the highest viability rate of 71.4%. In the dentin barrier test method, BeautiCem SA induced the highest number of cells in apoptosis after a 24 h exposure (4.1%). Panavia SA Cement Plus was the material that caused the lowest number of cells in apoptosis (1.5%). CONCLUSION. The used self-adhesive cements have showed different cytotoxic effects based on the evaluation method. As exposure time increased, the materials showed more cytotoxic and apoptotic effects. BeautiCem SA caused significantly more severe cytotoxic and apoptotic effects than other cements tested. Moreover, cements other than BeautiCem SA have caused necrotic cell death rather than apoptotic cell death. Research Fund of Istanbul UniversityIstanbul University [23665] The present work was supported by the Research Fund of Istanbul University. Project No. 23665.

Dentin bağlayıcı sistemler, diş dokularına bağlanmamekanizmalarına göre sınıflandırılır. Bu sistemlerinin kimyasal formüllerikompozit restorasyonların klinik başarısını etkiler. Dentin bağlayıcı sistemlergenel olarak; monomer, başlatıcı, inhibitör, çözücü ve doldurucu içerirler.Monomerler bağlanma mekanizmasındaki en önemli komponentlerden birisidir. Bunedenle bu makalenin amacı; güncel dentin bağlayıcı sistemlerinin monomeriçerikleri ve bu içeriklerin genel özelliklerini incelemektir.AnahtarKelimeler: Kendinden asitli (self-etch) bağlayıcı ajan, monomerGENERAL MONOMER STRUCTURE OF SELF-ETCH ADHESIVESYSTEMSABSTRACTDental adhesive systems are classified to bondmechanism to tooth structures. Their chemical formulation effects of clinicalsuccess of composite restorations. They generally contain resin monomers,initiators, inhibitors or stabilizers, solvents and filler. Monomers are themost important structure in adhesive composition. Therefore, the aim of thisreview was to examine the monomer contents of contemporary adhesive systems andgeneral characteristics of these contents. Keywords: Self-etch adhesives, monomer

SUMMARY The purpose of this study was to evaluate a nanofilled and a nanohybrid composite, in combination with manufacturer-recommended etch-and-rinse adhesives, in class IV cavities. Thirty-four patients aged 14-46 years (mean age, 27.1 years) comprised the study group. Twenty-six patients received two class IV restorations and eight patients received four class IV restorations. For each patient, half the number of restorations were performed using a nanohybrid composite (Ceram X duo) and the remaining half used a nanofilled resin composite (Filtek Supreme XT), with two- (XP Bond) and three-step (Scotchbond Multipurpose) etch-and-rinse adhesives, respectively. Two experienced examiners evaluated the restorations for retention, color match, marginal discoloration, wear/loss of anatomic form, caries formation, marginal adaptation, and surface texture to compare the baseline (after placement) and annual recalls over 5 years. The cumulative success rates for the Filtek Supreme XT and Ceram X duo restorations after five years were 86.2% and 89.7%, respectively. Four Filtek Supreme XT and three Ceram X duo restorations failed. There was no statistically significant difference between the nanofilled and nanohybrid composites at any of the evaluation periods for any of the parameters evaluated. Despite the limited number of restorations, all restorations were clinically acceptable regarding retention, color match, marginal discoloration, wear or loss of anatomic form, the formation of caries, marginal adaptation, and surface texture, except the failed restorations. Fracture was the main cause of restoration failure.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of cavity preparation method (Er:YAG laser or diamond bur) and bulk-filled composite material type on marginal adaptation mesial occlusal (MO) class II cavities. Mat...

Purpose To investigate the effect of sandblasting powder particles on microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of dual-cure adhesive cement to CAD/CAM blocks. Materials and methods CAD/CAM blocks (Cerasmart, VITA, and LAVA) were cut in slabs and divided into groups: group 1, no sandblasting; group 2, sandblasted with 27-μm Al2 O3 ; group 3, sandblasted with 30-μm CoJet; group 4, sandblasted with 50-μm Al2 O3 . After sandblasting, all specimens were silanized and luted using dual-cure adhesive cement (G-CEM LinkForce). After 24 hours, bonded specimens were cut into 1 ± 0.2 mm2 sticks, and μTBS values were obtained (N = 30). Additionally, 132 CAD/CAM block sections were prepared for surface roughness testing and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) evaluations. Results were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis One-way ANOVA and Dunn's Post Hoc Test (p Results Group 1 exhibited significantly lower μTBS than the other groups (p 0.05). For LAVA, μTBS values of specimens that were sandblasted with 50-μm Al2 O3 powder were significantly higher than 30-μm-SiO2 and 27-μm Al2 O3 (p Conclusions The sand particles investigated (27-μm Al2 O3 , 30-μm SiO2 , or 50-μm Al2 O3 ) did not significantly affect μTBS results of CAD/CAM blocks for Cerasmart and VITA, although the results changed significantly for LAVA. The ideal bond protocol for CAD/CAM blocks is specific to the material used.

SUMMARY Purpose: To evaluate the clinical performance of water, acetone, ethanol, and ethanol-water solvent-based dentin adhesives with nanofill or nanohybrid composites in Class III restorations. Methods and Materials: A total of 22 patients aged between 14 and 48 years (mean age: 25.2 years) participated in the study. Each patient received four Class III restorations, which were performed using water (Scotchbond Multipurpose), acetone (Prime&Bond NT), ethanol (XP Bond) and ethanol-water (Xeno V) solvent-based dentin adhesive systems with a nanofill (Filtek Supreme XT) or nanohybrid composite (CeramX Duo). Two experienced examiners evaluated the restorations with regard to retention, color match, marginal discoloration, wear/loss of anatomic form, caries formation, marginal adaptation, and surface texture at baseline and at one-, two-, three-, four-, and five-year recalls. Results: The five-year survival rates were 100% for Scotchbond Multipurpose, Prime&Bond NT, and XP Bond and 81.2% for Xeno V–bonded restorations. Only three Xeno V–bonded restorations failed. With the exception of marginal discoloration, there were no statistically significant differences among the four adhesive-bonded restorations in any of the evaluation periods in terms of the evaluation criteria. Conclusions: With the exception of marginal discoloration and marginal integrity deterioration of Xeno V–bonded restorations, all four adhesive-bonded restorations exhibited good long-term results. However, adhesion strategy (such as self-etch or etch-and-rinse) is more important than the solvent content of dentin adhesive systems in the success of Class III restorations.

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of double-application coats and times on microtensile bond strength (μTBS) and adhesive-dentin interfaces created by dentin adhesive systems after 6 months of storage in water. Materials and methods Two-hundred sixteen extracted non-carious human third molars were selected for the study. Single-Bond Universal (SU) and All-Bond Universal (AU), Adper Easy One (Eo) Self-Etch adhesive and Adper Single-Bond 2 (Sb) etch-and-rinse adhesive were applied to a flat dentin surface using three methods (1): dentin adhesives were applied as recommended by the manufacturers; (2): two consecutive coats of dentin adhesives were applied before photo-polymerization; and (3): a single coat of adhesive was applied but with twice the manufacturers recommended application time. Microtensile bond strength was determined either immediately or after 6 months of water storage. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post-hoc tests. Results At 24 h, groups 1, 2, and 3 exhibited statistically similar results for all dentin adhesive systems. For AU-Er, group 3 showed significantly higher bond strength than all group of AU-Se after 6 months. Conclusion Universal adhesives seemed more stable against water degradation than traditional two-step etch-and-rinse and all-in-one systems within the 6-month period.

The aim of this study was to investigate (i) the effect of direct or indirect polymerisation of adhesive-impregnated ribbon fibre under 4-mm bulk-filled composites on fracture strength; (ii) to compare polyethylene ribbon fibre-reinforcement composites with short fibre-reinforced composite; and (iii) the effectiveness of polyethylene ribbon fibre according to the restorative materials used (low-viscous bulk-fill composite, high-viscous flowable composite or conventional paste composite). Seventy molars were divided into seven groups; (groups 1-2) Ribbond-reinforced Surefil-SDR; (group 3) Ribbond-reinforced G Aenial Flo; (group 4) Ribbond-reinforced G Aenial Posterior; (group 5) short fibre-reinforced composite everX Posterior; (group 6) unfilled cavity; (group 7) intact teeth. Ribbond was adopted to cavity walls by impregnating an adhesive and using a flowable composite. In group 1, adhesive-impregnated Ribbond was polymerised directly using a light-curing-unit, and indirectly in group 2 under 4-mm bulk-filled composite. Direct or indirect polymerisation of adhesive impregnated ribbon fibre under 4-mm bulk-filled composite did not change the fracture strength results. Polyethylene ribbon fibre-reinforced groups (groups 1-4) and short fibre-reinforced composite group (group 5) displayed similar results. Polyethylene ribbon fibre can be used safely under 4-mm bulk-filled composites. Ribbond-reinforced low-viscous bulk-fill, high-viscous flowable, and conventional paste composite exhibited similar fracture strength results.

Purpose: To examine microleakage around Class-V restorations bonded with 3 current all-in-one adhesive systems in the presence or absence of surface-sealant in different evaluation groups.Materials and Methods: Clearfil S3 Bond, G-Aenial Bond, and Optibond All-in-One (AiO), were used in the Class-V cavities in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions (control group) or were additionally combined with Fortify Plus surface-sealant (surface-sealant group). The two main treatment groups of the dentin adhesives were subdivided into four different evaluation groups (24 h, 6 months, 12 months, and 12 months with two applications); the teeth were immersed in 0.5% methylene blue dye solution for 24 h. Samples were then sectioned longitudinally in a bucco-lingual direction and evaluated for microleakage under a stereomicroscope. Dye penetration was scored at the enamel (occlusal) and dentin (gingival) margins.Results: Microleakage scores were greater at the dentin margins compared with the enamel mar...

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different fabrication techniques on the fracture strength of the composite resin-based inlay restorations of endodontically treated molars. Methods: Sixty mandibular molars were divided into six groups (n = 10) designated according to the treatment as: Group-1: Control group, intact teeth; Group-2: Filtek Ultimate Universal restorative with incremental technique; Group-3: Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior restorative; Group-4: Biodentine with Filtek Ultimate Universal restorative; Group 5: everX Posterior with Filtek Ultimate Universal restorative; and Group-6: Lava Ultimate CAD/CAM restorative. The standard mesio-occluso-distal cavities were prepared and the roots filled for all the teeth, except those of the control group. Following the placement of the restorations, the fracture resistance of the specimens was measured. The data were analyzed by the one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc test. Results: While Group-1 (2815.8...

Summary To evaluate changes in surface characteristics of two different resin composites after 1 year of water storage using a profilometer, Vickers hardness, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). A total of 46 composite disk specimens (10 mm in diameter and 2 mm thick) were fabricated using Clearfil Majesty Esthetic and Clearfil Majesty Posterior (Kuraray Medical Co, Tokyo, Japan). Ten specimens from each composite were used for surface roughness and microhardness tests (n = 10). For each composite, scanning electron microscope (SEM, n = 2) and atomic force microscope (AFM, n = 1) images were obtained after 24 h and 1 year of water storage. The data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and a post-hoc Bonferroni test. Microhardness values of Clearfil Majesty Esthetic decreased significantly (78.15–63.74, p = 0.015) and surface roughness values did not change after 1 year of water storage (0.36–0.39, p = 0.464). Clearfil Majesty Posterior microhardness values were quite stable (138.74–137.25, p = 0.784), and surface roughness values increased significantly (0.39–0.48, p = 0.028) over 1 year. One year of water storage caused microhardness values for Clearfil Majesty Esthetic to decrease and the surface roughness of Clearfil Majesty Posterior increased. AFM and SEM images demonstrated surface detoration of the materials after 1 year and ensured similar results with the quantitative test methods. SCANNING 9999:1–7, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) inhibitors on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) and the adhesive-dentin interface of two universal dentin bonding agents, Single Bond Universal and All Bond Universal, after 12 months of water storage. Seventy extracted, caries-free, human third molars were used in this study. Of these, 50 were used for μTBS testing and 20 were used for scanning electron microscopy. The two bonding agents were applied to flat dentin surfaces in five different ways: self-etch mode, etch-and-rinse mode with 37% phosphoric acid, etch-and-rinse mode with phosphoric acid containing 1% benzalkonium chloride, etch-and-rinse mode with phosphoric acid and 2% chlorhexidine, and etch-and-rinse mode with 0.5 M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (n = 5 for each bonding agent in each group; N = 50). Half the specimens were subjected to μTBS tests at 24 h, while half were subjected to the tests after 12 months of water storage. For each bonding agent, inhibition, storage, and their interaction effects were tested by two-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni tests. For Single Bond Universal, the benzalkonium chloride (p = 0.024) and chlorhexidine groups (p = 0.033) exhibited significantly higher μTBS values at 24 h compared with the self-etch group. For All Bond Universal, all groups displayed similar bond strengths at 24 h (p > 0.05). After 12 months of water storage, the μTBS values decreased significantly in the benzalkonium chloride group for Single Bond Universal (p = 0.001) and the self-etch (p = 0.029), chlorhexidine (p = 0.046), and EDTA (p = 0.032) groups for All Bond Universal. These results suggest that the immediate dentin bond strength increases when universal bonding systems are applied in the etch-and-rinse mode, although the durability decreases. The use of chlorhexidine and EDTA can increase the bond durability of mild adhesives such as Single Bond Universal. SCANNING 38:535-544, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

In this report, we describe the performance of a conservative and minimally invasive dental approach in four patients exhibiting Amelogenesis Imperfecta (AI), a structural anomaly of the enamel. In each patient, approximately 0.5 mm of the most external, porous, and colored enamel layer was removed, and the teeth were restored using two different nanocomposites. Posterior restorations were completed with the same approach. As a result, this contemporary restorative system is a conservative and successful treatment option to restore the loss of oral esthetics and function due to AI. Rehabilitation with direct resin restorations is not only an inexpensive treatment choice, but also a more conservative technique that reduces the amount of preparation required for teeth that are already compromised.

The purpose of this report is to present a rare case of a fused mandibular lateral incisor with supernumerary tooth with a follow-up for 18-months. A 35-year-old female patient was referred to our clinic with an extraoral sinus tract in the chin. The intraoral diagnosis revealed the fusion of her mandibular lateral incisors. Vitality pulp tests were negative for mandibular right central and lateral incisors. Radiographic examinations showed a fused tooth with two separate pulp chambers, two distinct roots, and two separate root canals. There were also periapical lesion of fused teeth and mandibular right central incisor, so endodontic treatment was carried out the related teeth. Radiographic examination revealed a complete healing of the lesion postoperatively at the end of 18-months. This paper reports the successful endodontic and restorative treatment of unilateral fused incisors. Because of the abnormal morphology of the crown and the complexity of the root canal system in fused teeth, treatment protocols require special attention.

The aim of the study to evaluate the fracture resistance of a computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) and three indirect composite materials for three different mesio-occluso-distal (MOD) inlay cavity designs. A total of 120 mandibular third molar were divided into three groups: (G1) non-proximal box, (G2) 2-mm proximal box, and (G3) 4-mm proximal box. Each cavity design received four composite materials: Estenia, Epricord (Kuraray, Japan), Tescera (Bisco, USA), and Cerasmart CAD/CAM blocks (GC, USA). The specimens were subjected to a compressive load at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. The data was analyzed using the two-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test (p

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of three different drinks on the color parameters of four different restorative materials. Materials and Methods Three different composites (Filtek Ultimate Universal Restorative, Filtek Ultimate Flowable, and Filtek Silorane, 3M ESPE) and a polyacid-modified composite resin material (Dyract XP, Dentsply DeTrey GmbH) were evaluated. Eighty-four disc-shaped specimens of 8 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness were prepared (n = 21 each). Color coordinates (L*a*b*, ΔL*, Δa*, Δb*, and ΔE*) were measured using a VİTA Easyshade Compact (VİTA Zahnfabrik) after 24 hr of storage (baseline) and after 30 day of storage in three different beverages of black tea, Coca cola, or water (control) (n = 7). In each beverage, the specimens were stored three times a day, one hr each, for 30 day. The color changes (ΔE) were calculated and were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn multiple comparison test. Results The color difference (ΔE*) of the resin materials ranged between 1.31 and 15.28 after 30 day of immersion in the staining solutions. Dyract XP in Coca cola (15.28 ± 2.61) and black tea (12.22 ± 2.73) showed the highest mean ΔE* value after 30 day, followed by Filtek Ultimate Universal Restorative (5.99 ± 1.25) and Filtek Ultimate Flowable (4.71 ± 1.40) in black tea (p < 0.05). Conclusions The compomers displayed unacceptable color changes at the end of 30 day in all beverages. Among resin composites, the silorane based composite exhibited relatively good color stability than the others. Filtek Ultimate Universal Restorative and Filtek Flowable showed similar color changes in all beverages.

Purpose: To investigate the influence of adhesive type and increment thickness on shear bond strength of flowable bulk-fill resin composites compared with a flowable conventional resin composite, in both sound and caries-affected dentine.Methods: Shear bond strength was tested in 100 extracted human molars with coronal dentine caries. Half of the teeth were restored with Adper™ Easy Bond and the other half with Adper™ Single Bond Plus. Bonded surfaces were restored with Filtek™ Ultimate Flow and two bulk-fill composites (SDR and X-tra base) (n = 10 teeth for each subgroup). Restorations of 4 mm were performed with incremental or bulk-fill technique. The shear bond was determined and statistically analysed using three-way ANOVA and Bonferroni multiple comparison post hoc tests (p ≤ 0.05). Dentine–resin interfaces were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy.Results: For both adhesives, the highest shear bond strength values were obtained for sound dentine. In sound dentine, the highest bond stren...

To evaluate the medium-term clinical performance of direct composite build-ups for diastema closures and teeth recontouring using a nano and a nanohybrid composite in combination with three- or two-step etch-and-rinse adhesives following treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances. A total of 30 patients (mean age, 19.5 years) received 147 direct composite additions for teeth recontouring and diastema closures. A nano and a nanohybrid composite (Filtek Supreme XT and CeramX Duo) were bonded to tooth structure by using a three-step (Scotchbond Multipurpose) or a two-step (XP Bond) etch and rinse adhesive. Ten out of 147 composite build-ups (composite addition) constituted tooth recontouring cases, and the remaining 137 constituted diastema closure cases. The restorations were evaluated by two experienced, calibrated examiners according to modified Ryge criteria at the following time intervals: baseline, 1, 2, 3, and 4 years. The 4-year survival rates were 92.8 % for Filtek Supreme XT/Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus and 93 % for CeramX Duo/XP Bond. Only ten restorations failed (5 Filtek Supreme XT and 5 CeramX Duo). Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences between the two composite–adhesive combinations with respect to color match, marginal discoloration, wear/loss of anatomical form, caries formation, marginal adaptation, and surface texture on comparing the five time periods (baseline, 1, 2, 3, and 4 years) The 4-year survival rates in the present study were favorable. The restorations exhibited excellent scores with regard to color match, marginal adaptation, surface texture, marginal discoloration, wear/loss of anatomical form, and caries formation, after 4 years of clinical evaluation. Clinical relevance An alternative clinical approach for correcting discrepancies in tooth size and form, such as performing direct composite restorations following fixed orthodontic treatment, may be an excellent and minimally invasive treatment.

This study aimed to evaluate the microtensile bond strength and amount of microleakage with self-etch adhesives. For the bond strength study, 50 human third molars were randomly assigned to five groups according to the adhesive system used. In each group, half of the specimens were subjected to the microtensile test immediately after the bonding procedures and tooth sectioning, while the remaining half were subjected to the test after storage in distilled water for 3 months. For the microleakage study, following the preparation and restoration of class V cavities, 70 human molars were divided into two groups for the five adhesives; the specimens in one group were stored in distilled water for 24 h and those in the other group were stored for 3 months. In both groups, the teeth were sectioned and evaluated for dye penetration after the storage time. After 24 h, the microtensile bond strengths in descending order were as follows: Clearfil SE Bond > G Aenial Bond > Optibond All-in-One (AiO) > Adper Prompt L Pop (hereafter L Pop) > Futurabond M. After 3 months, the mu TBS of all five bonding agents was decreased, although the decrease was significant only for L Pop, which showed the highest scores for leakage around the enamel margins, whereas Futurabond M showed the highest scores for leakage around the gingival margins. After 3 months, the microleakages scores significantly increased for G Aenial Bond, Futurabond M and OptibondAiO. İstanbul Üniversitesi

Purpose To evaluate the effect of prolonged sandblasting on the bond durability of dual-cure adhesive resin cement to computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) restoratives. Materials and methods Nano-ceramic LAVA Ultimate and hybrid-ceramic VITA Enamic CAD/CAM blocks were used for this study. Each CAD/CAM block was sectioned into slabs of 4-mm thickness for the microtensile test (µTBS) test and 2-mm thickness for the surface roughness test. Three groups were created according to the sandblasting protocols; group 1: specimens were sandblasted for 15 seconds, group 2: specimens were sandblasted for 30 seconds, and group 3: specimens were sandblasted for 60 seconds. After sandblasting, all specimens were luted using RelyX Ultimate Clicker. Half the specimens were subjected to µTBS tests at 24 hours, and the other half were subjected to tests after 5000 thermocycles. Additionally, a total of 96 CAD/CAM block sections were prepared for surface roughness tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) evaluations. The Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance, and Dunn's post hoc test were used to compare continuous variables among the groups. Results At baseline, group 1, group 2, and group 3 exhibited statistically similar µTBS results for LAVA. However, group 3 had significantly lower µTBS values than groups 1 and 2 for VITA. After 5000 thermocycles, µTBS values significantly decreased for each block (P Conclusion It is important to perform controlled sandblasting because it may affect bond strength results. Sixty seconds of sandblasting disturbs the initial µTBS values and the stability of adhesion of CAD/CAM restoratives to dual-cure adhesive resin cement for VITA Enamic.

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, farklı zaman periyotları ile uygulanan gecekoruyuculu beyazlatma ajanının üç posterior restoratif materyalin yüzey pürüzlülüğüüzerine etkisini incelemektirGereç ve Yöntem: Üç farklı tipte posterior restoratif materyalden [Beautifil-Bulk Restorative (giomer bulk-fill), Beautifil II (giomer posterior) ve Aelite LS Poste- rior (hibrit kompozit rezin)] toplam 90 adet kompozit rezin (disk örneği (8 mm çapında, 2 mm kalınlıkta) hazırlanmıştır (n=30). Her bir materyal %16 karbamid peroksit ağartma maddesi içeren Opalescence PF’nin disklere uygulama prosedürlerine göre üç alt gruba ayrılmıştır (n=10). Grup-1: başlangıç ölçümleri; Grup-2: 7 gün boyunca günde 4 saat %16 Opalescence PF uygulaması; Grup-3: 7 gün boyunca günde 6 saat % 16 Opalescence PF uygulaması. Grupların yüzey pürüz- lülük ölçümleri 24 saat ve 1 hafta sonunda profilo- metre (Ra, mm) ile yapılmıştır. Veriler, iki yönlü var- yans analizi (ANOVA) ve Tukey's HSD post-hoc testi ile istatistiksel olarak analiz edilmiştir (p0.05). Grup-2 ve Grup-3'te de bu üç materyalin yü- zeypürüzlülük değerleri benzerdir. Fakat, Beautifil II’ye 7 gün boyunca 6 saat %16Opalescence PF uygulaması sonrasında yüzey pürüzlülüğü önemli düzeyde artmıştır(0.65 Ra’dan 0.95 Ra’ya) (p 0.05). Surface roughness values of these three materials also were foundstatistically similar for Group-2 and Group-3. However, the values increasedsignificantly for Beautifil II (0.65 Ra to 0.95 Ra) after bleaching agentapplication for 6 hours per day along 7-day (p