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This book addresses the mathematical and the practical aspects of motion implied by advanced control theory. The richness and power of the theory are demonstrated by separate analyses of single-model and multi-modal repertoires, consisting of verities of estimation and control facets. Starting with purely mathematical concepts, specifically, abstract probability and information theories, model control theory is gradually revealed as a rather amazing domain. The mathematical equations, taking essentially simple forms, are exposed as powerful generators of motion. Moreover, seemingly obvious applications of the theory, such as high-performance aircraft control make room for unexpected virtual reality feedback in control of motion for the neurologically impaired.Following the presentation of some historical milestones and mathematical preliminaries, the book is divided into four parts. The first deals with minimal-order models of state estimation and control. The second addresses multi-modal estimation and control, which facilitates the operation of high-performance aircraft in large flight envelopes. The third presents the transition from naturally nonlinear control of movement in obstacle avoidance and object targeting to virtually linear control of movement in the neurologically impaired. The fourth and final part of the book addresses the application of virtual sensory feedback in walking with specific neurological impairment. While the clinical studies reported were all based on a single-model paradigm, a later reflection reveals that, given the variety of neurological symptoms associated with the relevant disorders, a multi-modal approach, as that addressed in the control of high-performance aircraft in a large flight envelope, would be similarly applicable in the treatment of neurological disorders.

This revised, updated, and substantially expanded third edition provides an accessible, practical overview of major areas of research, technical development and clinical application in the field of neurorehabilitation movement therapy. The initial section provides the basic framework and a rationale for technology application in movement therapy by summarizing recent findings in neuroplasticity and motor learning. The following section provides a detailed overview of the movement physiology of various neurologic conditions, illustrating how this knowledge has been used to design various neurorehabilitation technologies. The third section then explains the principles of human-machine interaction for movement rehabilitation. The fourth section provides an overview of assessment technology and predictive modeling in neurorehabilitation. The fifth section provides a survey of technological approaches to neurorehabilitation, including spinal cord stimulation, functional electrical stimulation, virtual reality, wearable sensing, brain computer interfaces, mobile technologies, and telerehabilitation. The final two sections examine in greater detail the ongoing revolution in robotic therapy for upper extremity movement and walking, respectively. The promises and limitations of these technologies in neurorehabilitation are discussed, including an Epilogue which debates the impact and utility of robotics for neurorehabilitation. Throughout the book the chapters provide detailed practical information on state-of-the-art clinical applications of these devices following stroke, spinal cord injury, and other neurologic disorders and future developments in the field. The text is illustrated throughout with photographs and schematic diagrams which serve to clarify the information for the reader.Neurorehabilitation Technology, Third Edition is a valuable resource for neurologists, biomedical engineers, roboticists, rehabilitation specialists, physiotherapists, occupational therapists and those training in these fields.Chapter “Spinal Cord Stimulation to Enable Leg Motor Control and Walking in People with Spinal Cord Injury is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

This revised, updated second edition provides an accessible, practical overview of major areas of technical development and clinical application in the field of neurorehabilitation movement therapy. The initial section provides a rationale for technology application in movement therapy by summarizing recent findings in neuroplasticity and motor learning. The following section then explains the state of the art in human-machine interaction requirements for clinical rehabilitation practice. Subsequent sections describe the ongoing revolution in robotic therapy for upper extremity movement and for walking, and then describe other emerging technologies including electrical stimulation, virtual reality, wearable sensors, and brain-computer interfaces. The promises and limitations of these technologies in neurorehabilitation are discussed. Throughout the book the chapters provide detailed practical information on state-of-the-art clinical applications of these devices following stroke, spinal cord injury, and other neurologic disorders. The text is illustrated throughout with photographs and schematic diagrams which serve to clarify the information for the reader. Neurorehabilitation Technology, Second Edition is a valuable resource for neurologists, biomedical engineers, roboticists, rehabilitation specialists, physiotherapists, occupational therapists and those training in these fields.