116 results on '"Nerat, Jasmina"'
Search Results
2. Comparing Students’ Self-Assessment with Teachers’ Assessment of Clinical Skills Using an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE)
- Author
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Fekonja, Zvonka, primary, Nerat, Jasmina, additional, Gönc, Vida, additional, Pišlar, Milena, additional, Denny, Margaret, additional, and Trifkovič, Klavdija Čuček, additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Prehranska presejalna orodja za ugotavljanje podhranjenosti pri onkoloških bolnikih
- Author
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Nerat, Jasmina, Pajnkihar, Majda, and Klanjšek, Petra
- Subjects
cancer patient ,insufficient nourishment ,bolnik z rakom ,udc:616-006-056.24:613.2 ,prehransko presejanje ,nutritional screening ,nezadostna prehranjenost - Published
- 2020
4. Complications associated with implantation and use of totally implantable venous access port in pediatric and adult patients
- Author
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Klanjšek, Petra, primary, Grm, Katarina, additional, Nerat, Jasmina, additional, and Cilar, Leona, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Kakovost problemov, obravnavanih pri problemskem učenju: ocena študentov zdravstvene nege: the nursing students' assessment: The quality of problems used in problem-based learning
- Author
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Gönc, Vida, Lorber, Mateja, and Nerat, Jasmina
- Abstract
Introduction: With problem-based learning the context of learning has changed. The use of problem-based learning promotes critical thinking, group interaction, and the use of theory in practice. The purpose of the research was to determine the nursing students' assessment regarding the quality of problems used in the context of problem-based learning. Methods: The study employed methods of quantitative non-experimental research and a survey data collection. A total of 169 nursing students participated in the study. The data were processed by descriptive statistics, t-test and correlation analysis. The statistical significance was tested at a 5% risk level. Results: The average of all items which were related to the assessment of the quality of problems in the context of the problem-based learning was high ( > 4 out of 5). Depending on the mode of study (t = -1.333, p = 0.558) and gender (t = 0.236, p = 0.354), there is no difference in the quality of self-assessment of problems within the problem-based learning. The findings of the study show that there is a statistically significant difference in self-assessment of the quality of problems in the context of the problem-based learning with regard to the employment in nursing (t = 2.109, p = 0.04) and that there is a weak positive correlation (r = 0.190, p = 0.002) between the age and the self-assessment of the quality of problems in the present problem-based learning. Discussion and conclusion: Research results reveal high average values of the quality of problems used in the problem-based learning, which result in positive encouragement of students for self-directed learning, increased interest in a learning unit, improved motivation, better communication skills and critical thinking. Further research would be needed to explore the impact of problem-based learning on learning outcomes and the introduction of problem-based learning in all learning units of the nursing study programme. Uvod: Z vpeljavo problemskega učenja se je spremenil kontekst učenja. Z uporabo kakovostnih problemov v okviru problemskega učenja se spodbuja kritično mišljenje, skupinske interakcije, uporaba teorije v praksi. Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti oceno študentov zdravstvene nege glede kakovosti problemov, obravnavanih v okviru problemskega učenja. Metode: Uporabljeno je bilo kvantitativno neeksperimentalno raziskovanje, podatki so bili zbrani s tehniko anketiranja. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 196 študentov zdravstvene nege. Za obdelavo podatkov je bila uporabljena deskriptivna statistika, t-test in korelacijska analiza. Statistično značilnost smo preverjali na ravni 5% tveganja. Rezultati: Povprečne ocene vseh trditev, ki so se nanašale na oceno kakovosti problemov, obravnavanih v okviru problemskega učenja, so bile visoke ( > 4 od 5). Glede na način študija zdravstvene nege (redni, izredni študij) (t = %1,333, p = 0,558) in spol (t = 0,236, p = 0,354) ne prihaja do razlik v oceni kakovosti obravnavanih problemov. Ugotovljene so bile razlike v oceni kakovosti obravnavanih problemov glede na zaposlenost v zdravstvu (t = 2,109, p = 0,04) ter pozitivna šibka povezanost (r = 0,190, p = 0,002) med starostjo in oceno kakovosti obravnavanih problemov. Diskusija in zaključek: Raziskava pokaže visoko oceno kakovosti problemov, obravnavanih v okviru problemskega učenja, s čimer se pri študentih spodbuja samousmerjeno učenje, povečuje zanimanje za učno enoto in izboljšujejo motivacija za delo, komunikacijske spretnosti ter kritično razmišljanje. Nadaljnje raziskave bi bilo smiselno usmeriti v spremljanje vpliva problemskega učenja na učne izide ter uvedbo problemskega učenja v vse učne enote v okviru študija zdravstvene nege.
- Published
- 2016
6. Prehranska presejalna orodja za ugotavljanje podhranjenosti pri onkoloških bolnikih: Nutritional screening and assessment in cancer-associated malnutrition
- Author
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Klanjšek, Petra, Nerat, Jasmina, and Pajnkihar, Majda
- Published
- 2016
7. Zadovoljstvo študentov zdravstvene nege s problemskim učenjem: Nursing student satisfaction with problem-based learning
- Author
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Gönc, Vida, Lorber, Mateja, and Nerat, Jasmina
- Abstract
Introduction: Problem-based learning represents an educational paradigm shift from traditional to student-oriented teaching and learning philosophy. It encourages the development of independent learning and gaining of knowledge and skills needed to perform competent nursing care. The purpose of the research was to determine the satisfaction levels of full-time and parttime nursing students with the method of problem-based learning. Methods: The study employed methods of quantitative non-experimental research and a survey data collection. A total of 169 nursing students participated in the study. The data were processed by a descriptive statistics, t-test and correlation analysis. The statistical significance was tested on a 5 % risk level. Results: Average ratings of all statements regarding the students' satisfaction levels with problembased learning were very high (> 4 out of 5). According to the results, there is no statistically significant difference in satisfaction with problem-based learning between full-time and part-time students (t = -0.818, p = 0.414) and between male and female students (t = -0.002, p = 0.998). A positive impact of work experience on the satisfaction with problem-based learning was observed in part-time students employed in the health care sector. There is also a correlation between the student's age and satisfaction with problem-based learning (r = 0.198, p = 0.006). Discussion and conclusion: Research findings indicate that problem-based learning improves work motivation and encourages independent study as well as teamwork. Further research would need to investigate the problem-based learning in clinical practice and the application of theoretical knowledge in clinical environment. Uvod: Problemsko učenje predstavlja premik v izobraževalni paradigmi, saj predstavlja na posameznika usmerjeno učenje, ki spodbuja razvijanje samostojnosti, znanj, spretnosti in lastnosti, potrebnih za delovanje v zdravstveni negi. Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti zadovoljstvo študentov rednega in izrednega študija zdravstvene nege s problemskim učenjem. Metode: Uporabljeno je bilo kvantitativno neeksperimentalno raziskovanje, podatki so bili zbrani s tehniko anketiranja. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 196 študentov zdravstvene nege. Za obdelavo podatkov je bila uporabljena deskriptivna statistika, t-test in korelacijska analiza. Statistično značilnost smo preverjali na ravni 5% tveganja. Rezultati: Povprečne ocene vseh trditev, ki so se nanašale na zadovoljstvo študentov s problemskim učenjem, so bile zelo visoke (> 4 od 5). Glede na način študija zdravstvene nege (t = -0,818, p = 0,414) in spol (t = -0,002, p = 0,998) ne prihaja do razlik v oceni glede zadovoljstva s problemskim učenjem, vendar se je pokazal pozitiven vpliv delovnih izkušenj pri študentih izrednega študija, zaposlenih v zdravstvu. Ugotovljena je bila povezanost med starostjo študentov in zadovoljstvom s problemskim učenjem (r = 0,198, p = 0,006). Diskusija in zaključek: Raziskava pokaže, da problemsko učenje pri študentih zdravstvene nege izboljšuje motivacijo za delo ter spodbuja tako samostojen študij kot delo v skupinah. Nadaljnje raziskave bi bilo potrebno usmeriti na problemsko učenje v klinični praksi in aplikacijo teoretičnih znanj v klinično okolje.
- Published
- 2015
8. The quality of problems used in problem-based learning: the nursing students' assessment
- Author
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Gönc, Vida, Lorber, Mateja, Nerat, Jasmina, Gönc, Vida, Lorber, Mateja, and Nerat, Jasmina
- Abstract
Introduction: With problem-based learning the context of learning has changed. The use of problem-based learning promotes critical thinking, group interaction, and the use of theory in practice. The purpose of the research was to determine the nursing students' assessment regarding the quality of problems used in the context of problem-based learning. Methods: The study employed methods of quantitative non-experimental research and a survey data collection. A total of 169 nursing students participated in the study. The data were processed by descriptive statistics, t-test and correlation analysis. The statistical significance was tested at a 5% risk level. Results: The average of all items which were related to the assessment of the quality of problems in the context of the problem-based learning was high ( > 4 out of 5). Depending on the mode of study (t = -1.333, p = 0.558) and gender (t = 0.236, p = 0.354), there is no difference in the quality of self-assessment of problems within the problem-based learning. The findings of the study show that there is a statistically significant difference in self-assessment of the quality of problems in the context of the problem-based learning with regard to the employment in nursing (t = 2.109, p = 0.04) and that there is a weak positive correlation (r = 0.190, p = 0.002) between the age and the self-assessment of the quality of problems in the present problem-based learning. Discussion and conclusion: Research results reveal high average values of the quality of problems used in the problem-based learning, which result in positive encouragement of students for self-directed learning, increased interest in a learning unit, improved motivation, better communication skills and critical thinking. Further research would be needed to explore the impact of problem-based learning on learning outcomes and the introduction of problem-based learning in all learning units of the nursing study programme., Uvod: Z vpeljavo problemskega učenja se je spremenil kontekst učenja. Z uporabo kakovostnih problemov v okviru problemskega učenja se spodbuja kritično mišljenje, skupinske interakcije, uporaba teorije v praksi. Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti oceno študentov zdravstvene nege glede kakovosti problemov, obravnavanih v okviru problemskega učenja. Metode: Uporabljeno je bilo kvantitativno neeksperimentalno raziskovanje, podatki so bili zbrani s tehniko anketiranja. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 196 študentov zdravstvene nege. Za obdelavo podatkov je bila uporabljena deskriptivna statistika, t-test in korelacijska analiza. Statistično značilnost smo preverjali na ravni 5% tveganja. Rezultati: Povprečne ocene vseh trditev, ki so se nanašale na oceno kakovosti problemov, obravnavanih v okviru problemskega učenja, so bile visoke ( > 4 od 5). Glede na način študija zdravstvene nege (redni, izredni študij) (t = –1,333, p = 0,558) in spol (t = 0,236, p = 0,354) ne prihaja do razlik v oceni kakovosti obravnavanih problemov. Ugotovljene so bile razlike v oceni kakovosti obravnavanih problemov glede na zaposlenost v zdravstvu (t = 2,109, p = 0,04) ter pozitivna šibka povezanost (r = 0,190, p = 0,002) med starostjo in oceno kakovosti obravnavanih problemov. Diskusija in zaključek: Raziskava pokaže visoko oceno kakovosti problemov, obravnavanih v okviru problemskega učenja, s čimer se pri študentih spodbuja samousmerjeno učenje, povečuje zanimanje za učno enoto in izboljšujejo motivacija za delo, komunikacijske spretnosti ter kritično razmišljanje. Nadaljnje raziskave bi bilo smiselno usmeriti v spremljanje vpliva problemskega učenja na učne izide ter uvedbo problemskega učenja v vse učne enote v okviru študija zdravstvene nege.
- Published
- 2016
9. Kakovost problemov, obravnavanih pri problemskem učenju: ocena študentov zdravstvene nege
- Author
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Gönc, Vida, primary, Lorber, Mateja, additional, and Nerat, Jasmina, additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Nursing student satisfaction with problem-based learning
- Author
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Gönc, Vida, Lorber, Mateja, Nerat, Jasmina, Gönc, Vida, Lorber, Mateja, and Nerat, Jasmina
- Abstract
Introduction: Problem-based learning represents an educational paradigm shift from traditional to student-oriented teaching and learning philosophy. It encourages the development of independent learning and gaining of knowledge and skills needed to perform competent nursing care. The purpose of the research was to determine the satisfaction levels of full-time and part-time nursing students with the method of problem-based learning. Methods: The study employed methods of quantitative non-experimental research and a survey data collection. A total of 169 nursing students participated in the study. The data were processed by a descriptive statistics, t-test and correlation analysis. The statistical significance was tested on a 5 % risk level. Results: Average ratings of all statements regarding the students’ satisfaction levels with problem-based learning were very high (>4 out of 5). According to the results, there is no statistically significant difference in satisfaction with problem-based learning between full-time and part-time students (t = -0.818, p = 0.414) and between male and female students (t = -0.002, p = 0.998). A positive impact of work experience on the satisfaction with problem-based learning was observed in part-time students employed in the health care sector. There is also a correlation between the student’s age and satisfaction with problem-based learning (r = 0.198, p = 0.006). Discussion and conclusion: Research findings indicate that problem-based learning improves work motivation and encourages independent study as well as teamwork. Further research would need to investigate the problem-based learning in clinical practice and the application of theoretical knowledge in clinical environment., Uvod: Problemsko učenje predstavlja premik v izobraževalni paradigmi, saj predstavlja na posameznika usmerjeno učenje, ki spodbuja razvijanje samostojnosti, znanj, spretnosti in lastnosti, potrebnih za delovanje v zdravstveni negi. Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti zadovoljstvo študentov rednega in izrednega študija zdravstvene nege s problemskim učenjem. Metode: Uporabljeno je bilo kvantitativno neeksperimentalno raziskovanje, podatki so bili zbrani s tehniko anketiranja. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 196 študentov zdravstvene nege. Za obdelavo podatkov je bila uporabljena deskriptivna statistika, t-test in korelacijska analiza. Statistično značilnost smo preverjali na ravni 5% tveganja. Rezultati: Povprečne ocene vseh trditev, ki so se nanašale na zadovoljstvo študentov s problemskim učenjem, so bile zelo visoke (> 4 od 5). Glede na način študija zdravstvene nege (t = –0,818, p = 0,414) in spol (t = –0,002, p = 0,998) ne prihaja do razlik v oceni glede zadovoljstva s problemskim učenjem, vendar se je pokazal pozitiven vpliv delovnih izkušenj pri študentih izrednega študija, zaposlenih v zdravstvu. Ugotovljena je bila povezanost med starostjo študentov in zadovoljstvom s problemskim učenjem (r = 0,198, p = 0,006). Diskusija in zaključek: Raziskava pokaže, da problemsko učenje pri študentih zdravstvene nege izboljšuje motivacijo za delo ter spodbuja tako samostojen študij kot delo v skupinah. Nadaljnje raziskave bi bilo potrebno usmeriti na problemsko učenje v klinični praksi in aplikacijo teoretičnih znanj v klinično okolje.
- Published
- 2015
11. Zadovoljstvo študentov zdravstvene nege s problemskim učenjem
- Author
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Gönc, Vida, primary, Lorber, Mateja, additional, and Nerat, Jasmina, additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. People awareness about diabetes
- Author
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Zadravec, Urška and Nerat, Jasmina
- Subjects
presnovna motnja ,hiperglikemija ,insulin ,education of laic population ,izobraževanje splošne populacije ,Kronična bolezen ,strategije preventive ,prevention strategies ,hyperglycemia ,udc:616.379-008.64(043.2) ,inzulin ,metabolic disease ,Chronic disease - Abstract
Izhodišča: Pri sladkorni bolezni je najbolj pomembno, da je sladkor v krvi nenehno urejen, saj to preprečuje, da bi prišlo do zapletov. Da pa do nastanka sladkorne bolezni ne pride, so potrebne preventivne aktivnosti. Namen zaključnega dela je ugotoviti ozaveščenost ljudi o sladkorni bolezni ter primerjati rezultate glede na starost in spol anketirancev. Raziskovalne metode: Uporabljeni sta bili deskriptivna metoda dela in kvantitativna raziskovalna metodologija. Kot raziskovalni instrument je bil uporabljen strukturiran anketni vprašalnik, večina vprašanj je bila razdeljenih v 8 kategorij. Vzorec raziskave je obsegal 200 ljudi, razdeljenih v dve starostni skupini, in sicer od 18 – 45 let ter od 46 in več let. V vsaki starostni skupini je bilo anketiranih 100 oseb. Rezultati: Ugotovili smo, da je pri vseh osmih kategorijah, katere so se nanašale na različna znanja o sladkorni bolezni, starostna skupina od 18 – 45 let dosegla višje povprečje točk kot skupina od 46 in več let. Največjo razliko v znanju smo zaznali pri kategoriji o poznavanju zapletov sladkorne bolezni, kjer je starostna skupina od 18 – 45 let dosegla 77,2 % točk, skupina od 46 in več let pa le 40 % točk. Glede na spol smo zaznali največjo razliko pri kategoriji o splošnem znanju o sladkorni bolezni, in sicer so ženske dosegle 91 % točk, moški pa 67,9 % točk. Diskusija in zaključek: Preventivne aktivnosti sladkorne bolezni so zelo pomembne pri preprečevanju same bolezni. Zato je potrebno, da se v bodoče še več govori o sladkorni bolezni, njenih simptomih, dejavnikih tveganja, zapletih in zdravljenju le te. Background: In diabetes, the most important thing is that blood sugar is constantly regulated, because this prevents complications. However, to avoid the onset of diabetes preventive activities are required. The purpose of this final work is to find out people´s awareness of diabetes and to compare the results according to the age and gender. Methods: There were used a descriptive and quantitative research methods. As a research instrument, was used a structured questionnaire, most of the questions were divided into 8 categories. The sample included 200 people divided into two age groups, ranging from 18 – 45 years, and from 46 and over the years. We surveyed 100 people in each age group. Results: We found that in all eight categories, which were related to different knowledge of diabetes, the 18 – 45 age group achieved higher scores than the 46 and over age group. The highest difference in knowledge was obseved in the category of knowledge about complications of diabetes, where the age group of 18 – 45 years reached 77,2 % of points, and the group of 46 and over years only 40 % of points. By gender, we noticed the biggest difference in the category about general knowledge of diabetes, female gender achieved 91 % of points, male gender scored 67,9 % of points. Discussion and conclusion: Diabetes prevention activities are very important in preventing the disease. Therefore, it is necessary to talk more about diabetes, its symptoms, risk factors, complications and its treatment.
- Published
- 2020
13. Effects of phototherapy in the treatment of psoriasis
- Author
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Gosak, Urška and Nerat, Jasmina
- Subjects
ultraviolet light treatment ,side effects ,zdravljenje z ultravijolično svetlobo ,neželeni učinki ,psoriasis ,udc:616.517(043.2) ,psoriaza - Abstract
Uvod: Fototerapija je metoda zdravljenja zmerne do hude oblike luskavice, ki temelji na uporabi pozitivnih učinkov ultravijolične svetlobe. S pravilno zdravstveno obravnavo in skrbno zdravstveno nego ter rednim sledenjem napredku zdravljenja je možno v relativno kratkem času doseči remisijo bolezni. Namen zaključnega dela je raziskati učinkovitost in varnost fototerapije pri zdravljenju luskavice ter ukrepe za lajšanje neželenih učinkov zdravljenja. Metode: Uporabljena je bila deskriptivna metoda dela, za sistematični pregled in analizo podatkov o opredeljeni temi smo iskali znanstvene in strokovne članke v angleškem jeziku v podatkovnih bazah CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, ScienceDirect in Google Scholar. Iskanje smo omejili na literaturo publicirano v letih od 2009 do 2019. Rezultati: V raziskavo smo zajeli 14 študij. Raziskava je potrdila, da je fototerapija varna in učinkovita metoda zdravljenja luskavice. Pri tem so prisotni minimalni neželeni učinki, ki se najpogosteje kažejo kot eritem, srbečica, bolečina, ob večletni uporabi fototerapije pa se lahko pojavi pigmentacija kože, prezgodnje staranje kože, katarakta in zvišana možnost za nastanek melanoma. Zgoraj naštete neželene učinke je mogoče preprečevati in lajšati z natančnim upoštevanjem navodil. Razprava in sklep: Najučinkovitejša vrsta fototerapije je PUVA, saj je za očiščenje kože potrebno manj obiskov terapij kot pri ostalih vrstah fototerapij, obdobje remisije bolezni je daljše in zagotavlja nižjo stopnjo ponovljivosti. Vendar zdravljenje s PUVA fototerapijo povzroča več neželenih učinkov kot druge vrste fototerapij. Na podlagi raziskave smo spoznali, da je ozkopasovna UVB fototerapija najvarnejša. Introduction: Phototherapy is a method to treat moderate to severe forms of psoriasis using the positive effect of ultraviolet light. With a proper medical treatment, careful nursing care and regular monitoring of treatment progress, it is possible to achieve disease remission in a relatively short time. The aim of thesis was to investigate efficiency and safety of phototherapy treatment of psoriasis and to research measures to alleviate the side effects of treatment. Methods: A descriptive method was used to systematically review and analyse data. We searched for scientific articles in English in the CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar database. Search was restricted to literature published between 2009 and 2019. Results: In total 14 studies were included in the research. The study confirmed that phototherapy is a safe and effective method of treating psoriasis. Minimal side effects are present, most commonly manifesting as erythema, itching and pain. After multiple years of phototherapy treatments, it can lead to pigmentary disorder, premature skin aging, cataracts and can increase risk of melanoma. Side effects can be relieved by following the medical care instructions. Discussion and conclusions: The most effective type of phototherapy is PUVA, since skin cleaning requires less treatments than other phototherapy types, the disease remission period is longer and provides a lower relapse rate. PUVA causes more side effects than other types of phototherapy. Narrow-band UVB phototherapy has been recognized as one of the safest.
- Published
- 2020
14. Awareness of the lay population about arterial hypertension
- Author
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Munda, Anja and Nerat, Jasmina
- Subjects
poznavanje ,knowledge ,healthy lifestyle ,vloga medicinske sestre ,udc:616.12-008.331.1(043.2) ,nurse role ,povišan krvni tlak ,risk factors ,dejavniki tveganja ,zdrav življenjski slog ,high blood pressure - Abstract
Izhodišča: Arterijska hipertenzija spada med srčno – žilne bolezni, ki povzročijo tretjino smrti na svetu. S spremembami življenjskega stila, kot so zadostna telesna aktivnost, zmanjšanje telesne teže, zmanjšanje uživanja soli, uživanje alkohola v dopustnih mejah, prenehanjem kajenja ter izogibanjem stresnim situacijam, lahko krvni tlak vzdržujemo v mejah normale, preprečujemo, da bi prišlo do njegovega povišanja oziroma preprečujemo posledice arterijske hipertenzije. Namen zaključnega dela je predstaviti arterijsko hipertenzijo ter ugotoviti ozaveščenost laične populacije o arterijski hipertenziji. Raziskovalne metode: Uporabljeni sta bili kvantitativna raziskovalna metodologija in deskriptivna metoda dela. Kot raziskovalni instrument je bil uporabljen vprašalnik, ki je vseboval 28 vprašanj zaprtega tipa. Anketiranih je bilo 300 ljudi laične populacije, ki so bili razdeljeni v tri starostne skupine. Za obdelavo podatkov smo v programu SPSS IBM izvedli statistične teste (test korelacije, Mann - Whitney U test in neparametrično ANOVO - Kruskal - Wallis test), s katerimi smo testirali hipoteze. Rezultati: Na podlagi raziskave smo ugotovili, da ni razlike v ozaveščenosti laične populacije o arterijski hipertenziji glede na starost (r(300) = -0,033, p = 0,571) in izobrazbo (p = 0,125), ugotovili pa smo razliko v ozaveščenosti glede na spol (U = 7640,50, p = 0,002). O arterijski hipertenziji so bolje ozaveščene ženske kot moški. Na splošno so ljudje dobro ozaveščeni o arterijski hipertenziji, saj so v veliki večini označevali pravilne trditve. Diskusija in zaključek: Pomembno je, da ljudje upoštevajo dejavnike tveganja, ki vplivajo na nastanek arterijske hipertenzije in jih odpravijo. Pomembno vlogo pri ozaveščanju o dejavnikih tveganja imajo tudi medicinske sestre. Background: Arterial hypertension is one of cardiovascular diseases, that cause one third of deaths in the world. With changing a lifestyle, like sufficient physical activity, weight loss, reduced salt consumption, alcohol consumption within permissible limits, smoking cessation and avoiding stressful situations, we can maintain the blood pressure in the normal range, we can prevent it to increase or prevent consequences of arterial hypertension. The purpose of the final work is to present arterial hypertension and to explore the awareness level of the lay population on arterial hypertension. Methods: There were quantitative research and descriptive method of word used. As a research instrument I used a questionnaire with 28 close - ended questions. There were 300 persons of the lay population interviewed, that were divided into three age groups. For the data processing we have performed statistical tests in the program SPSS IBM (correlation test, Mann - Whitney U test and non - parametric ANOVA – Kruskal - Wallis test) with which the hypotheses were tested. Results: Based on the research, we found out that there is no difference in lay population awareness about arterial hypertension in age (r(300) = -0,033, p = 0,571) or in education (p = 0,125), but there has been found the difference in gender awareness (U = 7640,50, p = 0,002). The women are more aware than men. However, in general the people are well aware of the arterial hypertension, as most of their answers were correct. Discussion and conclusion: It are important that the people consider risk factors that affect the occurrence of hypertension and try to improve them. An important role in awareness on risk factors also play nurses.
- Published
- 2020
15. Nutrition for patient with pancreatic cancer
- Author
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Božnik, Nina and Nerat, Jasmina
- Subjects
factors of formation ,pankreas ,treatment ,dieta ,nutrients ,cancer ,zdravljenje ,karcinom ,udc:616.37-006:613.2(043.2) ,diet ,dejavniki tveganja ,hranilne snovi ,pancreas [Keywords] - Abstract
Uvod: Rak trebušne slinavke je bolezen, ki se dandanes vse pogosteje pojavlja med populacijo po vsem svetu in je ena izmed najbolj zahtevnih in kompleksnih oblik raka. Na njegov nastanek vpliva več dejavnikov. Namen raziskave je ugotoviti, kako prehrana vpliva na razvoj bolezni in njen pomen v času zdravljenja.Raziskovalne metode: Uporabili smo deskriptivno metodo dela z analizo in sintezo podatkov iz angleške in slovenske literature, ki smo jo iskali v podatkovnih bazah PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL in Wiley, s pomočjo vključitvenih in izključitvenih kriterijev, ki smo si jih zadali. V analizo smo zajeli 6 člankov.Rezultati: Ugotovili smo, da so uživanje večjih količin rdečega in prekajenega mesa, maščob, preveč soljena prehrana in uživanje alkohola, predvsem žganih pijač, eni izmed ključnih dejavnikov tveganja za razvoj raka trebušne slinavke. Informiranost in podpora glede uživanja ustrezne prehrane pri bolnikih z rakom trebušne slinavke je pomembna, saj se s stabilizacijo telesne teže izboljšajo rezultati zdravljenja, prav tako se izboljša tudi kakovost njihovega življenja. Diskusija in zaključek: Večje zavedanje o vplivu priporočene prehrane in zdravega življenjskega sloga lahko vpliva na razvoj raka trebušne slinavke in pripomore k obvladovanju pojavnosti bolezni, prav tako lahko zavedanje o pravilni prehrani pripomore k uspešnejšemu zdravljenju, spremljanju bolezni ter izboljšanju kakovosti življenja pri bolnikih z rakom trebušne slinavke. Introduction: Pancreatic cancer is a disease that is nowadays increasingly prevalent among the population worldwide and is among the most demanding in complex cancers. Its formation is influenced by several factors. The purpose of the study was to determine how nutrition influences the development of the disease in it's meaning during treatment. Research methods: We used a descriptive method, a method of working with the analysis into the synthesis of data from English books and Slovenian literature, which we searched in the databases PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL in Wiley, with the help of included in the exclusive criteria that we achieved. Six members were included in the analysis. Results: We found that we consumed too much red in smoked meat, fat, consumed alcohol in full, in spirits, one of the key factors for the development of pancreatic cancer. Being informed about the support of eating adequate nutrition in patients with pancreatic cancer is important, as it is necessary for health and also for life to stabilize physical capacity. Discussion and Conclusion: Greater permission to influence the recommended healthy lifestyle diet can be used in the development of the pancreatic river in helping to control the incidence of the disease, and you can also be aware of the correct diet contributes to better health care for the disease and quality quality in cancer patients the pancreas.
- Published
- 2019
16. Employment and adjustmenst of the workplace for the patients with epilepsy
- Author
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Malek, Viktorija and Nerat, Jasmina
- Subjects
udc:616.853(043.2) ,zaposlitveni status ,podpora ,epilepsy management ,support ,varnost pri delu ,employment status ,obvladovanje epilepsije ,workplace safety ,ohranitev zaposlitve ,maintaining employment - Abstract
Izhodišče: Neobvladovanje epileptičnih napadov zmanjšuje kakovost življenja, njihova pojavnost predstavlja večje tveganje za brezposelnost. Namen zaključnega dela je raziskati problematiko zaposlovanja in pomen prilagoditve delovnega mesta pri pacientih z epilepsijo. Metode: Uporabili smo deskriptivno metodo dela, izvedli smo sistematični pregled literature z analizo slovenske in tuje literature. V končno analizo smo vključili 20 člankov, pri tem nam je bil v pomoč PRISMA flow diagram. Rezultati: Ugotovljeni negativni dejavniki zaposlovanja pri pacientih z epilepsijo so stigmatizacija, socialna izolacija, neobvladovanje napadov, nepoznavanje epilepsije, stres, sramovanje napadov, finančna stiska, pomanjkanje podpore, pomanjkljiva izobrazba, prisotnost drugih bolezni, prejemanje nadomestil in dalj časa trajajoča rehabilitacija. Pozitivni zaposlitveni dejavniki so svetovanje, dejavnost služb poklicne rehabilitacije, samospoštovanje, opravljanje službe zaradi osebnih ciljev in zadovoljstva, možnost izobraževanja, podpore bližnjih, nadzor nad epileptičnimi napadi, imetje vozniškega dovoljenja in manjša doza antiepileptikov. Prilagoditve delovnega mesta zajemajo ocenitev primernosti delovnega mesta, upoštevanje vrste epilepsije, uporabo akcijskega plana, informiranje sodelavcev in delodajalca o bolezni, možnost prilagoditve urnika in počitka, delo od doma ali bližje domu, uporabo raznih pripomočkov/naprav za izboljšanje varnosti in opravljanje delovnih nalog, izogibanje sprožilnim dejavnikom, upoštevanje poklicnih omejitev in zakonodaje, prerazporeditev delovnih nalog ter pomoč svetovalnih služb. Diskusija in zaključek: Obvladovanje epileptičnih napadov pripomore k boljši zaposljivosti, zaposlitvenim možnostim in boljšemu opravljanju službenih dolžnosti. Vzpodbujanje k vključevanju pacientov z epilepsijo na trg dela, prilagoditve in podpora na delovnem mestu omogočajo, da oboleli pozitivno gledajo na svojo bolezen. Introduction: Lack of control over epileptic seizures decreases the quality of life, their occurrence presents a bigger chance for unemployment. The goal of this thesis is to research the issue of employment and the importance of adjusting the workplace in patients with epilepsy. Methods: A descriptive method of work was used, a systematic review of literature was conducted with analysis and synthesis of Slovenian and foreign literature. We have included 20 articles to the final analysis, with the help of the PRISMA Flow diagram. Results: The identified negative employment factors in patients with epilepsy are stigmatization, social isolation, uncontrolled attacks, ignorance of epilepsy, stress, embarrassment of attacks, financial distress, lack of support, lack of education, the presence of other diseases, receiving benefits and long-term rehabilitation. Positive employment factors include counseling, activity of professional rehabilitation services, self-esteem, service for personal goals and satisfaction, education, support for loved ones, control of seizures, possession of a driving license and a lower dose of anti-epileptics. Adjustments of the workplace include assessment of the suitability of the workplace, taking into account the type of epilepsy, the use of an action plan, informing colleagues and the employer about the disease, the possibility of adjusting the schedule and rest, working from home or near home, using various devices/devices for improving safety and performing work tasks, avoidance of trigger factors, respect of occupational restrictions and legislation, redistribution of work tasks and assistance from counseling services. Discussion and conclusion: Management of epileptic seizures contributes to better employability, employment possibilities and better performance of work related responsibilities. Encouragement of inclusion of a amount of epilepsy patients on the labour market, adjustment and workplace support makes it possible for such patients to positively look on their condition.
- Published
- 2019
17. Quality of life in patients with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
- Author
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Bratušek, Urška and Nerat, Jasmina
- Subjects
udc:616.34-089.86(043.2) ,prehranjevanje ,zapleti ,complications ,kvaliteta življenja ,Rak ,gastrostomy tube ,gastrostomska cevka ,quality of life ,eating ,Cancer - Abstract
Izhodišča: Vstavitev perkutane endoskopske gastrostome je manjši kirurški poseg, opravljen v lokalni anesteziji, pri katerem se del želodca pričvrsti na trebušno steno, vstavi se gastrostomska cevka, s pomočjo katere se bolnik prehranjuje. Vstavitev je navadno izvedena zaradi nezmožnosti hranjenja per os ali zaradi rakavega obolenja, najpogosteje gre za rak glave ali vratu. Namen zaključnega dela je ugotoviti, kakšna je kakovost življenja bolnika z vstavljeno perkutano endoskopsko gastrostomo. Raziskovalne metode: Uporabljen je sistematičen pregled strokovne in znanstvene literature. Potek iskanja literature je predstavljen v PRISMA diagramu. Glede na zastavljeno raziskovalno vprašanje, je iskanje literature potekalo po vnaprej zastavljenih vključitvenih in izključitvenih kriterijih. V analizo je zajetih 15 raziskav. Rezultati: Z analizo literature smo ugotovili, da perkutana endoskopska gastrostoma ne vpliva na izboljšanje kakovosti življenja, pa tudi na zmanjšanje kakovosti življenja ne. Zaradi nezmožnosti hranjenja per os gre predvsem za olajšanje težav, saj perkutana endoskopska gastrostoma vzdržuje prehranjenost in telesno težo. V prvih mesecih po vstavitvi je prisotnih veliko težav. Največje težave povzroča spoprijemanje bolnika s perkutano endoskopsko gastrostomo, slabost, hiter občutek sitosti, okužba, krvavenje in zatekanje želodčnega soka ob vstopnem mestu gastrostomske cevke. Nekje po šestih mesecih pa bolniki začnejo perkutano endoskopsko gastrostomo doživljati tudi pozitivno. Diskusija in zaključek: Na posameznikovo življenje perkutana endoskopska gastrostoma najprej zaradi številnih sprememb in težav, do katerih pride po vstavitvi, vpliva negativno. Kasneje pa vpliva pozitivno, saj lajša posledice določene bolezni in s tem izboljša kakovost življenja bolnika. Background: Percutanous endoscopic gastrostomy is small and non invasive surgical procedure, carried out in local anesthesia. Part of a stomach is attached to the stomach wall. Then the gastrostomy tube is inserted. The patient can eat through the tube. Inability to eat orally or cancer, mostly head and neck cancer, are the reasons for insertion. The purpose of the final work is to determine the quality of life of patients with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. Research methods: Systematic review of the professional and scientific literature was used. The course of literature search is presented in the PRISMA flow diagram. According to the research question, the search for literature was based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. In literatue analysis was used 15 researches. Results: With the analysis of professional literature, we found that percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy does not increase the quality of life and also does not decrease the quality of life. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy helps to maintain nutritional status and to gain weight. In first few months there are many difficulties. The biggest problem for patients represents handling with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, nausea, feeling full quickly, infection, bleeding and leaking of gastric acid around the gastrostomy tube. After six months the patients are also experiencing the positive sides of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. Discussion and conclusion: In first months percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy has negative impact on patient life, because of many different cahanges in every day activities. Later by mantaining their nutritional stastus, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy impacts positive on patient life. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy decreases consequences of ilness and with that increases the quality of life.
- Published
- 2019
18. Treatment of patients with cancer cachexia
- Author
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Unger, Ana and Nerat, Jasmina
- Subjects
multimodalni pristop ,exercise ,pharmacological management ,prehranska podpora ,farmakološko zdravljenje ,fizična vadba ,nutritional support ,udc:613.292:616-006(043.2) ,multimodal approach ,malignant ilness ,maligno obolenje - Abstract
Izhodišča: Kaheksija je opredeljena kot zapleten presnovni sindrom, ki ga opredeljuje progresivna izguba skeletne mišične mase, z ali brez izgube maščobnega tkiva. Zaradi kompleksnosti patofiziološkega procesa kaheksije je potreben multimodalni pristop, ki obsega več možnih načinov obravnavanja pacienta s kaheksijo. Namen zaključnega dela je predstaviti problematiko kaheksije pri onkoloških pacientih in možne načine obravnave onkološkega pacienta s kaheksijo. Raziskovalne metode: Uporabili smo deskriptivno metodo dela in sistematični pregled strokovne in znanstvene literature. Za prikaz poteka analize literature smo uporabili PRISMA diagram. Kriteriji za iskanje literature so vključevali aplikacijo vnaprej zastavljenih vključitvenih oziroma izključitvenih kriterijev. V podrobno analizo je bilo vključenih 15 člankov. Rezultati: Z analizo tuje strokovne literature smo spoznali, da je prehranska podpora izrednega pomena pri obravnavi onkoloških pacientov s kaheksijo, saj le-ta vodi v izboljšanje počutja, prav tako pa je osnova za posameznikovo toleriranje farmakološkega zdravljenja. Določene skupine zdravil so primerne za zdravljenje kaheksije, vendar so potrebne dodatne raziskave, ki bodo potrdile varnost in učinkovitost uporabe zdravil v klinični praksi. Telesne vadbe zaenkrat s strani raziskav ne moremo potrditi kot uspešne, saj večina teh pacientov zaradi zdravstvenega stanja ni zmožna sodelovati v takšnih raziskavah. Diskusija in zaključek: Kaheksija pri onkoloških pacientih je resen zdravstveni problem, saj je razlog za kar 20 % smrti pri pacientih z malignim obolenjem. Zaradi heterogenosti teh pacientov in velikega izpada pri randomiziranih kliničnih raziskavah, je otežkočeno priti do jasnih zaključkov o učinkovitosti določene obravnave. Background: Cancer cachexia is defined as a complex syndrome characterised by an ongoing loss of skletal muscle mass, with or without loss of fat mass. Due to complexity of pathophysiological process of cachexia, multimodal approach is needed. The purpose of research is to present issues of cancer cachexia and possible approaches for patients with cancer cacxhexia. Research methods: We used the descriptive method and systematic review of professional and scientific literature. To depict the flow of analysis of literature we used PRISMA diagram. Criteria for searching eligible literature was based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. We included 15 articles in detailed analysis. Results: With analysis of literature we found out that the nutritional support has a key role in cancer cachexia treatment, because it affect general status of patient and it is a base for good tolerance of pharmacological treatment. There are many pharmacological managements eligible, but ther is a need for more clinical trials and studies with bigger population, that can validate efficiency and safety of mediactions in clincial practice. Exercise cannnot be validated as efficient in treatment of oncological patients. Discussion and conclusion: Cancer cachexia is a serious health problem and it is a reason for 20 % of deaths in patients with malignant illness. Due to heterogeneity of patients and frequent exclusion in randomized clinical trials, it is difficult to make clear conclusion.
- Published
- 2019
19. Quality of life in women with endometriosis
- Author
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Šilec, Ingrid and Nerat, Jasmina
- Subjects
bolečina ,ginekologija ,reproduktivno zdravje ,dyspareunia ,gynecology ,disparevnija ,pain ,udc:618.14-002(043.2) ,reproductive health ,infertility ,neplodnost - Abstract
Izhodišča: Endometrioza je bolezen, pri kateri se tkivo podobno endometriju razrašča izven maternice. Bolezen ima različne simptome, ki vplivajo na psihično, prav tako pa tudi na fizično stanje žensk in zmanjšujejo kakovost življenja. Namen zaključnega dela je ugotoviti, kakšna je kakovost življenja žensk z endometriozo in kakšne težave jim endometrioza povzroča pri spolnih odnosih, različnih aktivnostih in kako vpliva na njihovo psihično in čustveno stanje. Raziskovalne metode: Uporabili smo kvantitativno metodologijo raziskovanja. Raziskovanje smo izvedli v Društvu Endozavest, kjer smo objavili spletno anketo. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 60 žensk z endometriozo. Rezultati: Ugotovili smo, da endometrioza vpliva na spolno življenje žensk, saj ima kar 97 % anketirank boleče spolne odnose, posledično pa večkrat pride do prekinitve in izogibanja spolnim odnosom ter občutkov krivde in strahu pred spolnimi odnosi. Pri aktivnostih imajo anketiranke največ težav in občutkov nelagodja pri izvajanju vsakodnevnih aktivnosti v službi ali šoli (92 % anketirank), prav tako pa se pojavljajo težave in nelagodje v veliki meri tudi pri ostalih dnevnih aktivnostih. Velikokrat imajo tudi občutek, da drugi ne razumejo njihove bolezni (95 % anketirank) in mislijo, da so samo občutljive in tarnajo (86 % anketirank). Prav tako pa se pogosto pojavljajo občutki obupa, nihanje razpoloženja in znižana samopodoba. Diskusija in zaključek: Endometrioza vpliva na spolne odnose, psihično in čustveno stanje obolelih žensk ter predstavlja omejitve in nelagodje pri izvajanju vsakodnevnih aktivnosti. Je bolezen, ki znižuje kakovost življenja v več pogledih. Zato je pomembno, da se ženske ustrezno zdravi in se jim omogoča čustvena, psihična ter fizična podpora. Theoretical baseline: Endometriosis is a disease in which tissue similar to endometrium develops outside of the uterus. The disease has various symptoms that affect the psychological, as well as the physical condition of women and reduce the quality of life. The purpose of the thesis is to determine the quality of life of women with endometriosis and what problems endometriosis causes to their sexual intercourse and various activities and how it affects their psychological and emotional state. Research methods: We used a quantitative research methodology. The research was carried out in the Society Endozavest, where we published an online survey. The research involved 60 women with endometriosis. Results: We have found that endometriosis affects the sexual life of women, because 97 % of the respondents have painful sexual intercourse, and as a consequence, intercourse and avoidance of sexual intercourses and feelings of guilt and fear occur before sexual intercourse. In the activities, the majority of the problems and discomfort of the 92 % respondents are at work or school, as well as in other daily activities. Often, respondents feel that others do not understand their illness (95 % respondents) and think they are just sensitive and bumping (86 % respondents). Also, feelings of despair, mood swings and reduced self-esteem are often present. Discussion and conclusion: Endometriosis affects the sexual intercourse, the psychological and emotional state of diseased women, and presents constraints and discomfort in the daily activities. It is a disease that lowers the quality of life in several respects. Therefore, it is important that women are properly treated and provided with emotional, psychological and physical support.
- Published
- 2019
20. Life of the patient with epidermolysis bullosa
- Author
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Modrijan, Urban and Nerat, Jasmina
- Subjects
lajšanje bolečine ,skin blisters ,psychosocial impact ,pain management ,oskrba ran ,financial impact ,udc:616.529.1(043.2) ,kožni mehurji ,finančna obremenitev ,psihosocialni vpliv ,wound care - Abstract
Bulozna epidermoliza je dedna kožna bolezen, ki prizadane le peščico ljudi po vsem svetu. Za bolnike z bulozno epidermolizo pravimo, da imajo kožo tanko kot metuljeva krila, saj se bolezen kaže z erozijami in ranami na koži in sluznicah. Bolezen zajema tudi druge sistemske probleme, ki so odvisni od vrste in stopnje bolezni. Namen raziskave je ugotoviti, kakšno je vsakdanje življenje bolnika z bulozno epidermolizo, izpostaviti negovalne probleme pri osnovnih življenjskih aktivnostih ter raziskati, kako se bolnik sooča s težavami, ki so povezane z njegovo boleznijo. Uporabili smo delu smo uporabili kvalitativno raziskovalno metodologijo in opisno metodo dela. Podatke smo pridobili z intervjujem bolnice z bulozno epidermolizo na osnovi delno strukturiranega vprašalnika. Pri bolnici smo izpostavili bolečino kot enega glavnih problemov. Z večjimi težavami se bolnica sooča tudi pri prehranjevanju in pitju, saj je sluznica prebavnega trakta močno spremenjena. Izogibati se mora dejavnikom okolja, kot so spremembe temperature, poškodbe in okužbe, saj ti poslabšajo bolezenske znake. Kot posebno problematiko smo izpostavili mentalno zdravje, saj se je bolnica, kot tudi drugi primeri iz literature, soočala z nizko samopodobo, neprimernimi socialnimi interakcijami in anksioznostjo. Iz obravnavanega primera in analizirane literature smo razbrali, da bolniki z bulozno epidermolizo natančno poznajo svojo bolezen in kako se z njo soočati v vsakdanjem življenju. Raziskave so pokazale, da so pomanjkljivosti predvsem na področju nudenja podpore bolnikovi družini in skrbi za bolnikovo mentalno zdravje, ter zdravje ostalih članov družine. Vloga zdravstvenih delavcev je predvsem učenje in podpora bolniku in njegovi družini. Epidermolysis Bullosa is a genetic skin disease, which affects only a handful of people around the world. The term skin thin as a butterfly's wings is used because main symptoms of the disease are skin blisters and mucous membranes. The condition includes other systemic symptoms, based on the subtypes. The purpose of the research was to determine the daily life of the patient with epidermolysis bullosa, to highlight complications and to investigate how the patient faces problems associated with his illness. A qualitative research and descriptively methodology was used in the research. Structured interview with the patient with epidermolysis bullosa was the source of the information. Pain management is one of the main problems our patient faces. She also has complications with food intake, because of the gastrointestinal problems. Special care must be taken to avoid dangers of the outside world, such as trauma, temperature change, and infection. We also determined that special attention must be given to mental health because the patient used to experience low self-esteem, inappropriate social interactions and anxiety in the past. From the research and related literature we concluded, that patients with epidermolysis bullosa know how to handle the complications of the condition. Research showed that the disadvantages are mainly in aiding support to the patients family, care for the patient’s mental health and health of all the other family members. The role of health professionals is primarily teaching and support for the patient and his family.
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- 2019
21. Contraception in women over 40 years of age
- Author
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Györek, Aleksandra and Nerat, Jasmina
- Subjects
perimenopause ,kontracepcijska sredstva ,age ,methods of contraception ,perimenopavza ,kontracepcijske metode ,contraceptives ,udc:613.888.15(043.2) ,starost ,ženske ,women - Abstract
Izhodišča, namen: Pri ženskah, starejših od 40 let, se poveča možnost pojavljanja različnih kroničnih obolenj, zaradi katerih morajo zamenjati kontracepcijsko metodo oz. sredstvo, ki so ga uporabljale. Prav tako ženske, ki se približujejo menopavzi, zaradi zmanjšane plodnosti pogosto menijo, da kontracepcije ne potrebujejo več. Namen zaključnega dela je ugotoviti, katero vrsto kontracepcije uporabljajo ženske po 40. letu starosti in kako so ženske informirane o kontracepciji po 40. letu. Raziskovalne metode: Uporabljena je bila deskriptivna metoda dela in kvantitativna metodologija raziskovanja. Kot instrument raziskave smo uporabili anketni vprašalnik. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 100 naključno izbranih žensk, starih od 41 do 55 let. Pridobljene rezultate smo obdelali z deskriptivno statistiko. Rezultati: Ugotovili smo, da je večina (95 %) anketiranih žensk dovolj seznanjenih glede vrste in uporabe kontracepcijskih metod oz. sredstev, ki so primerne po 40. letu starosti. Dve tretjini anketiranih žensk je v preteklosti zamenjalo kontracepcijo, skoraj polovica zaradi zdravstvenih težav. Več kot tretjina anketiranih žensk ne uporablja nobene kontracepcijske metode oz. sredstva, nekatere od anketiranih žensk tudi zato, ker so v menopavzi. Nekaj anketiranih žensk uporablja kontracepcijske tablete in maternični vložek, nekaj anketiranih žensk pa je opravilo sterilizacijo. Majhen odstotek anketiranih žensk uporablja kot metode kontracepcije vaginalni obroček, kondom ali prekinjen spolni odnos. Diskusija in zaključek: Ni vsaka kontracepcija za vsako žensko, zato je pomembno, da se ženska posvetuje s svojim ginekologom in si izbere zase najbolj primerno kontracepcijsko metodo oz. sredstvo. Pomembno je, da ženske vedo, da kljub temu, da se približujejo menopavzi, lahko zanosijo. Theoretical framework, research objectives: Women over the age of 40 have a higher chance of developing chronic illnesses due to which they have to change their contraceptive or method of contraception. Furthermore, women approaching menopause often think they do not need to use contraception because of the reduced fertility. The objective of this research, i.e. the overall purpose of the study is to investigate and find out, which methods of contraception are used by women over 40 years of age and how informed the women over 40 years of age are about contraception. Research methods: The study was conducted using a descriptive research method and quantitative research methodology. The instrument of the research consisted of a survey questionnaire. The study sample involved 100 randomly selected women, aged between 41 and 55. The collected data was analyzed and described by using decretive statistics. Results: The study findings concluded that most of the surveyed women, namely 95%, are sufficiently informed about the use of contraception and the different methods of contraception, which are eligible for women over 40 years of age. Two thirds of women surveyed stated, that they had changed the method of contraception in the past – almost half of the subjects changed the method due to health issues. More than a third of women surveyed do not use any contraception at all. Some of the subjects surveyed do not use contraception, for they already reached menopause. Some of the women answering the survey take contraceptive pills and use an intrauterine device, other women surveyed have had undergone sterilization. A small percentage of women surveyed are using method of contraception, such as a vaginal ring, a condom or coitus interruptus, also known as the withdrawal method of contraception. Discussion and conclusion: There is no one method of contraception suitable or perfect for every woman. Therefor it is important, that women consult their personal gynecologists and choose the most appropriate method of contraception. It is important that women are aware of the possibility of becoming pregnant while they are approaching menopause.
- Published
- 2019
22. The importance of partner´s support for breastfeeding
- Author
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Dvoršak, Desire and Nerat, Jasmina
- Subjects
sodelovanje ,laktacija ,udc:618.63(043.2) ,očetovstvo ,partnerski odnosi ,health education ,cooperation ,partner relationships ,lactation ,fatherhood ,zdravstvena vzgoja - Abstract
Izhodišča, namen: Partner ima pri podpiranju dojenja ključno vlogo, saj lahko na mater otroka vpliva pozitivno ali negativno. Velik vpliv na dojenje in njegovo trajanje ima odnos med partnerjem in partnerico. Večina žensk, ki ima podporo partnerja, se odloči za dojenje že v času nosečnosti in kasneje tudi uspešno doji. Namen raziskave je raziskati pomen podpore in vključevanje partnerja v proces priprave na dojenje in dojenje partnerke. Raziskovalne metode: Kvantitativna raziskava je bila izvedena s pomočjo anketnega vprašalnika, z vprašanji zaprtega in odprtega tipa. V namenski in priložnostni vzorec so bile vključene naključno izbrane matere otrok starih do dveh let, vključenih je bilo 84 doječih mater. Rezultati: Ugotovljeno je bilo, da se 87 % anketirank partnerjeva podpora pri dojenju zdi pomembna. Ugotovitve kažejo, da se v večini partnerji (87 %) na dojenje pripravljajo skupaj s svojimi partnericami in da jih je kar 97 % obiskovalo šolo za starše. Kar 89 % anketirank je mnenja, da so bili njihovi partnerji zaradi vključevanja v priprave na dojenje bolj v pomoč. Diskusija in zaključek: Partnerjeva podpora pri dojenju daje doječi materi samozavest. Partnerje bi se moralo o tej vlogi bolj osveščati in jih o dojenju poučiti, saj bi lahko le tako postali samoiniciativni. Pomembno je, da so partnerji zagovorniki dojenja, ki se aktivno vključujejo v proces dojenja in v njem tudi sodelujejo. Introduction, purpose: Partner has a key role at supporting breastfeeding, as he can influence the mother of a child in the positive or in the negative way. Profound influence on breastfeeding has the relationship between partners. Majority of females, that have support of their partners, decide for breastfeeding in the time of pregnancy and later their breastfeeding is successfull. The purpose of reasearch is to find out the meaning of partner's support at breastfeeding and participating in preparation process for breasfeeding. Research methods: Quantitative research was made with questionnaire which included questions of open and closed types. In intentional and occasional sample, random chosen mothers with children under the age of two, were processed. In research 84 breastfeeding mothers were included. Results: The research found out, that partner's support at breastfeeding seems to be important to 87 % of interviewees. Findings are indicating that in the majority partners (87 %) are preparing for breastfeeding together and 97 % of partners went to school for parents. 89 % of interviewees have opinion, that their partners were more helpful because of participating at preparations for breastfeeding. Discussion and conclusion: Partner's support at breastfeeding offers mother a self-confidence. Partners should have been more informed about their role in breastfeeding and learned about it, so they can become more convinced of themselves. It is important that partners support breastfeeding and that they are actively joing in the process of breastfeeding, and can also take their part of it.
- Published
- 2019
23. Awareness of women in the pomurje region about gynaecological screening programs
- Author
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Halabarec, Mojca and Nerat, Jasmina
- Subjects
presejanje ,DORA ,ZORA ,breast cancer ,cervical cancer ,screening ,tests ,ženske ,women ,udc:618.1-006(043.2) ,testi ,osveščenost ,awarness - Abstract
Izhodišča: Presejanje je pregledovanje navidezno zdravih ljudi, za zgodnje odkrivanje bolezni in hitro ukrepanje. S presejalnimi programi na ginekološkem področju pregledujejo ženske s preprostimi preiskavami ali testi, da bi med njimi odkrili tiste, ki že imajo predstopnjo ali začetno obliko raka materničnega vratu in/ali raka dojk. V Sloveniji na ginekološkem področju delujeta dva presejalna programa, in sicer program DORA, za odkrivanje raka dojk in program ZORA, za odkrivanje raka materničnega vratu. Namen zaključnega dela je ugotoviti osveščenost žensk v Pomurju o ginekoloških presejalnih programih. Raziskovalne metode: Uporabili smo deskriptivno metodo dela in kvantitativno metodologijo raziskovanja. Raziskavo smo izvedli v enem izmed nakupovalnih centrov v Pomurju. Izvedli smo anketo, v kateri je sodelovalo 100 žensk, in sicer 50 anketiranih žensk živi na podeželju in 50 anketirank je iz mestnih območij. Rezultati: Ugotovili smo, da ženske, ne glede na lokacijo bivanja, dobro poznajo glavni namen presejalnih programov, vendar je raziskava pokazala, da ženske iz mest bolj poznajo podroben namen program ZORA in DORA, kot ženske s podeželja. Večina žensk je tudi že dobila vabilo na presejalnih program, in se ga tudi udeležila, to pa bi storile tudi v prihodnje. Diskusija in zaključek: Presejalni programi so odlični preventivni programi, pri katerih s pomočjo testov, preiskav lahko bolezen odkrijemo v zgodnji fazi in so tako možnosti za ozdravitev visoke. Prišli smo do spoznanja, da so ženske v Pomurju dobro osveščene o namenu ginekoloških presejalnih programov in da se večina odzove vabilu na program. Introduction: Screening is medical testing of apparently healthy people, aimed at early detection of diseases and quick action. Gynaecologic screening programmes consist of simple medical examinations or tests designed to detect women with precancerous conditions or early stages of cervical and/or breast cancer. Slovenia carries out two gynaecologic screening programmes the DORA programme, aimed at detecting breast cancer, and the ZORA programme, aimed at detecting cervical cancer. The purpose of this diploma thesis is to present the level of awareness of women in the Pomurje region about gynaecologic screening programmes. Methodology of research: We used the descriptive work method and the quantitative research method. The research was carried out in a shopping centre in the Pomurje region. We conducted a survey on 100 women, of which 50 are living in rural areas and 50 are living in urban areas. Results: We found out that regardless of where they live, women are well informed about the main purpose of screening programmes, however, the research shows that women living in urban areas have better knowledge about the ZORA and DORA programmes than women living in rural areas. The majority of women have already received an invitation to take part in a screening programme and participated in it, and they are willing to do it also in the future. Discussion and conclusion: Screening programs are excellent prevention programmes aimed at detecting diseases in early stages through medical tests and examinations, thus leading to high recovery rates. Our conclusion is that women in the Pomurje region are well informed about the purpose of gynaecologic screening programmes and that the majority of them take part in the programmes.
- Published
- 2019
24. Awareness of people about heart attack
- Author
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Gradišek, Petra and Nerat, Jasmina
- Subjects
miokardni infarkt ,akutni koronarni sindrom ,myocardial infarction ,symptoms and signs ,prva pomoč ,risk factors ,nujna medicinska pomoč ,first aid ,emergency medical treatment ,dejavniki tveganja ,udc:616.127-005.8(043.2) ,simptomi in znaki ,acute coronary syndrome - Abstract
Izhodišča: Pomembno je, da čim širša laična populacija pozna znake nastanka srčnega infarkta in ob pojavu le teh ustrezno ukrepa, saj se tako lahko rešuje življenje, ali pa izboljša rehabilitacija po srčnem infarktu, zato je namen našega zaključnega dela ugotoviti, če so ljudje dovolj osveščeni o srčnem infarktu. Glede na to, da je pri srčnem infarktu velika verjetnost, da pride do srčnega zastoja, je zelo pomembno, da tudi laična populacija pozna osnove oživljanja. Raziskovalne metode: V zaključnem delu je bila uporabljena deskriptivna metoda dela in kvantitativna metodologija raziskovanja. Raziskavo smo izvedli v eni izmed manjših občin v osrednji Sloveniji in je zajemala 100 udeležencev. Podatke smo zbirali s pomočjo vprašalnika, ki je vseboval 27 vprašanj zaprtega tipa. Rezultati: Ugotovili smo, da so anketiranci v naši raziskavi vse splošno dobro osveščeni o srčnem infarktu, da bi prepoznali znake in simptome srčnega infarkta ter da bi v večini pri osebi, ki bi doživela srčni infarkt znali pravilno ukrepati. Vendar pa so anketiranci potrdili, da je še vedno premalo informacij o srčnem infarktu. Diskusija in zaključek: Srčni infarkt je po vsem svetu vodilni vzrok umrljivosti. Glede na to, da srčni infarkt spada pod nujna stanja, je pomembno, da ga prepoznamo in ob tem pravilno ukrepamo. Čeprav so razviti centri za invazivno zdravljenje pacientov po srčnem infarktu, pa brez hitre oziroma laične prve pomoči, ne moremo rešiti ničesar. Zato je zelo pomembna osveščenost ljudi o srčnem infarktu, saj bi s tem lahko preprečili marsikatero smrt v domačem okolju. Starting points: It is important that wider lay population knows the signs of a heart attack and that at the time of occurrence take appropriate action, because it can save life or improve rehabilitation. Because of that the purpose of our final work is to find out if people are informed enough about the heart attack. Heart attack has a high probability of heart failure that is why it is so important that lay population also knows the basics of resuscitation. Research methods: In final work were used descriptively method and quantitative methodology of research. The research was carried out in one of the smaller municipalities in the central of Slovenia with 100 participants. We collected data with questionnaire, which included 27 closed type questions. Results: We found out, that respondents in our survey are generally well informed about heart attack, they would recognize signs and symptoms of heart attack and they would also know how to act properly if someone would have heart attack. However, the respondents confirmed that it is still too little information about heart attack. Discussion and conclusion: The heart attack is the leading cause of mortality all over the world. Considering that heart attack belongs to emergency conditions it is important to act properly as fast as possible. Although centers for invasive treatment of patients after a heart attack are well developed, but without fast lay first aid we can not save anything. That is why awareness of people about heart attack is so important and if everybody would be well informed about heart attack, we could prevent many deaths in home environment.
- Published
- 2019
25. Psychosocial distress in patients with psoriasis
- Author
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Lavrenčič, Katja and Nerat, Jasmina
- Subjects
social stigmatization ,motena samopodoba ,suicidal thoughts ,samomorilne misli ,depression ,socialna stigmatizacija ,disturbed body image ,psoriasis ,depresija ,udc:616.517(043.2) ,psoriaza - Abstract
Izhodišča, namen: Luskavica vpliva na vse vidike kakovosti življenja, vključno s fizičnimi, psihološkimi, socialnimi in poklicnimi elementi. Gre za več faktorsko vnetno stanje z bremenom bolezni, ki se kaže s fizičnimi simptomi, ki jih imajo pacienti. Namen raziskave je raziskati, s katerimi psihosocialnimi stiskami se sooča pacient, ki ima luskavico in prikazati, kakšen je odnos družbe do sprejemanja pacienta z luskavico. Raziskovalne metode: Uporabljena je bila kvalitativna metoda raziskovanja, v sklopu katere je bil izveden intervju odprtega tipa, zastavljen po konceptualnem modelu Virginije Henderson. V raziskavi je sodelovala ena pacientka z boleznijo luskavica. Rezultati: Ugotovljeno je bilo, da so najpogostejše stiske/problemi, s katerimi se spopada pacient s kožno boleznijo luskavica v času akutnosti bolezni na psihološkem in socialnem področju anksioznost, samomorilne misli, depresija, socialna izolacija, jeza, stres. Ugotovili smo, da družba ne sprejema in ni naklonjena pacientu s kožno boleznijo, ga socialno stigmatizira in zavrača. Diskusija in zaključek: Luskavica prizadene ljudi vseh starostnih skupin in ima velik vpliv na kakovost življenja. Stiske, s katerimi se srečujejo pacienti, so dolgotrajne in zahtevajo svojevrstno obravnavo, zato je pomembno, da družba in okolica sprejmeta pacienta obolelega za luskavico kot celoto, ne kot osebo z omejitvami. Introduction, purpose: Psoriasis influences every perspective of quality of life, including physical, psychological, social and occupational elements. It is an inflammatory condition with the burden of illness, which shows by physical symptoms that patients have. The purpose of the research was to find out by which of the psychosocial distress the patient is confronted with and present the relationship of society towards accepting patients with psoriasis. Research methods: In the research was used qualitative method of research, within which was conducted an interview of the open type, created by example of conceptual model, made by Virginia Henderson. In the research was participated one patient with psoriasis which gender was female. Results: The research found out, that the most common distress/problems, which the psoriasis patients has to deal with by time of the acuteness of the disease are mostly psychological and social aspect of their life, they mostly struggle with anxiety, suicidal thoughts, depression, social isolation, anger and stress. It has been found out, that the society is mostly not accepting patients with skin diseases well, it socially stigmatizes and often refuses them. Discussion and conclusion: Psoriasis affects people of all age groups and has a big impact on quality of life. The distress that patient face are long term and are in need of their own treatment, because of that it is crucial that society accepts the patient as equal and not as someone with limitations or incapabilities.
- Published
- 2018
26. Nursing care of a patient with anemia caused by acute upper intestinal bleeding
- Author
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Pečnik, Nadja and Nerat, Jasmina
- Subjects
zdravstvena nega ,anemija ,vloga medicinske sestre ,Akutna krvavitev ,gastrointestinal bleeding ,udc:616.33-005.1(043.2) ,nursing care ,anemia ,the role of nurse ,gastrointestinalna krvavitev ,Acute bleeding - Abstract
Zdravstvena nega pacienta z anemijo, povzročeno zaradi akutne krvavitve iz zgornjih prebavil, mora biti redna, dosledna in natančna. Pacienti po akutni krvavitvi so najpogosteje nameščeni v sobe/oddelke intenzivne terapije, kjer je nadzor nad njimi stalen. Pomemben je nadzor življenjskih funkcij kot tudi opazovanje pacienta samega, njegovega počutja, videza, navsezadnje tudi obnašanja. Vloga medicinske sestre je pri prepoznavanju pacientovih potreb, poročanj in dokumentiranj, ključnega pomena. Nursing care of patient with anemia, caused by upper gastrointestinal tract must be regular, consistent and accurate. Patients after acute bleeding are most commonly located in rooms/departments of intensive therapy where over sight is constant. It is important to control vital functions such as monitoring the patient himself, his being, appearance, ultimately - behavior. The role of nurse in identifying the patients' needs, reporting and documenting is crucial.
- Published
- 2018
27. Differences in medical treatment of women with laparoscopic sterilization and hysteroscopic Essure sterilization
- Author
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Pevec, Aleksandra and Nerat, Jasmina
- Subjects
zdravstvena nega ,Sterilisation ,udc:613.888.151.9(043.2) ,medicinska sestra ,nursing ,laparoskopska sterilizacija ,sterilizacija ,nurse ,laparoscopic sterilisation ,Essure system ,histeroskopska sterilizacija ,Essure sistem ,hysteroscopic sterilisation - Abstract
Teoretična izhodišča: Sterilizacija je trajna metoda kontracepcije, ki je primerna za vse ženske, katere so odločene, da v prihodnosti (več) ne želijo imeti otrok. Najpogostejši način sterilizacije je laparoskopska sterilizacija, v zadnjem času pa se je začel uveljavljati histeroskopski način sterilizacije s sistemom Essure. Namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti oba posega sterilizacije ter ugotoviti razlike pri psihofizični pripravi pacientke na poseg, poteku posega, zdravstvene nege po posegu in vlogi medicisnke sestre pri obeh metodah sterilizacije. Raziskovalna metodologija: V diplomskem delu je bila uporabljena opisna oziroma deskriptivna metoda dela, raziskava je temeljila na kvalitativni metodi dela. Izvedeni sta bili dve študiji primera s pomočjo intervjuja pacientk in s pregledom in analizo pacientkine medicinske in negovalne dokumentacije. Intervju je vseboval vprašanja odprtega tipa. Določene informacije so bile pridobljene tudi z opazovanjem pacientke. Rezultati: Ugotovljeno je bilo, da se psihofizična priprava pacientke na sterilizacijo in zdravstvena obravnava po sterilizaciji, razlikuje glede na vrsto posega. Priprava pacientke na laparoskopsko sterilizacijo zajema očitno več fizične priprave kot pri histeroskopski sterilizaciji s sistemom Essure. Medtem, ko je psihična in administrativna priprava pri obeh metodah sterilizacije podobna. Razlikuje se tudi zdravstvena obravnava pacientke po posegu ter čas okrevanja med eno in drugo metodo sterilizacije. Sklep: Tako laparoskopska sterilizacija, kot histeroskopska sterilizacija s sistemom Essure, imata svoje prednosti in slabosti, ki se med seboj razlikujejo. Prav tako so pri obeh metodah, sicer redki, vendar možni različni zapleti. Vsaka metoda ima svoje zahteve za pripravo pacientke na poseg, prav tako je različna obravnava pacientke in okrevanje po posegu sterilizacije. Od začetka do konca obravnave pa ima veliko vlogo tudi medicinska sestra. Theoretical background: Sterilisation is a permanent method of contraception, which is suitable for all women who have decided they do not want (any more) children in the future. The most common sterilisation method is laparoscopic sterilisation recently, the hysteroscopic sterilisation method using the Essure system has been gaining ground. The purpose of this diploma thesis is to present both sterilisation procedures and determine the differences in the psychophysical preparation of a patient for the procedure in the course of the procedure in the nursing received after the procedure and in the role of a nurse in both sterilisation methods. Research methodology: A descriptive work method was used for this diploma thesis, while the survey was based on a qualitative work method. Two case studies have been conducted by means of interviewing patients and reviewing and analysing a patient’s medical and nursing documentation. The interview contained open-ended questions. Some information was obtained by observing the patient. Results: It has been determined that the psychophysical preparation of a patient for sterilisation and the medical treatment received after sterilisation differs with regard to the type of procedure. Preparing a patient for laparoscopic sterilisation apparently requires more physical preparation than hysteroscopic sterilisation using the Essure system, whereas mental and administrative preparation is similar in both sterilisation methods. The medical treatment of a patient after the procedure and the recovery time likewise differ between the two sterilisation methods. Conclusion: Laparoscopic sterilisation and hysteroscopic sterilisation using the Essure system both have their advantages and disadvantages, which differ, however. Moreover, in both methods various complications are possible, though rare. Each method has specific requirements for preparing a patient for the procedure the two methods also differ in the patient’s treatment and recovery after the sterilisation procedure. The nurse plays a great role from the beginning of treatment to its end.
- Published
- 2018
28. The quality of life of patients with atrial fibrillation
- Author
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Lončarič, Nina and Nerat, Jasmina
- Subjects
udc:616.1(043.2) ,medicinska sestra ,motnja ritma ,nurse ,health education ,risk factors ,patient ,bolnik ,rhythm disorder ,dejavniki tveganja ,zdravstvena vzgoja - Abstract
Izhodišča: Atrijska fibrilacija je ena najpogostejših motenj srčnega ritma. S starostjo se tveganje za pojav atrijske fibrilacije veča. Zaradi mnogih simptomov in zapletov je kakovost življenja bolnikov z atrijsko fibrilacijo slabša. Namen diplomskega dela je ugotoviti, kako atrijska fibrilacija vpliva na kakovost življenja bolnikov in kakšne so njihove omejitve. Raziskovalne metode: Uporabili smo deskriptivno metodo in kvantitativno metodo dela, delno tudi kvalitativno metodo. Kot instrument raziskovanja je uporabljen anketni vprašalnik. Vzorec raziskave je zajemal 51 bolnikov z atrijsko fibrilacijo. Rezultati: Ugotovili smo, da 31,4 % anketiranih bolnikov z atrijsko fibrilacijo doživlja palpitacije dnevno, in da pri 33,5 % palpitacije trajajo več kot eno minuto. Težave z dihanjem navaja polovica anketiranih, najpogosteje se pojavijo težave pri opravljanju težkega dela v 35,3 %. Največji vpliv na njihovo življenje ima atrijska fibrilacija pri težjih aktivnostih, kjer jih najbolj ovira. Večina sodelujočih v raziskavi (31,4 %) je bila popolnoma samostojnih. Diskusija in zaključek: Atrijska fibrilacija je najpogostejša pri starejših ljudeh in ima velik vpliv na njihovo kakovost življenja. S pomočjo različnih tehnik zdravljenja in razreševanja simptomov, je življenje z atrijsko fibrilacijo veliko lažje, prav tako se informirani bolniki naučijo živeti z boleznijo in njenimi omejitvami. Background: Atrial fibrillation is one of the most common heart rhythm disorders. Its incidence increases with age. Because of the various symptoms and complications induced by the disorder, the quality of life of the patient decreases. The purpose of this thesis is to observe how atrial fibrillation affects the quality of life of patients and to determine their limitations, caused by the disorder. Research methods: We applied a descriptive and quantitative study method for our research. A part of the results was also obtained by a qualitative study method. The medium used for the acquisition of information was a survey questionnaire. The sample size of the survey is 51 patients afflicted by atrial fibrillation. Results: Our study has shown that 31,4 % of the surveyed patients afflicted with atrial fibrillation experience heart palpitations daily, and that in 33,5 % of the cases, the palpitations last longer than one minute. The study has shown that a half of the surveyed patients experience breathing difficulties. In most cases, the difficulties occur during more demanding activities experienced by 35,3 % of the surveyed patients. Atrial fibrillation has the biggest impact on their life during more demanding activities this is when the disorder brings about most of the limitations. Most of the surveyed patients (31,4 %) are fully independent. Discussion and conclusion: Atrial fibrillation most commonly afflicts the elderly population. The disorder has a strong impact on their quality of life. The lives of patients afflicted by atrial fibrillation can be improved by applying various methods of treatment and symptom resolution. Additionally, well-informed patients can learn to live with the disorder and adapt to their limitations.
- Published
- 2018
29. Bone marrow transplantation in patient with acute myeloid leukemia
- Author
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Šic, Larisa and Nerat, Jasmina
- Subjects
bone marrow ,udc:616.155.392(043.2) ,kemoterapija ,blood cancer ,kostni mozeg ,blood cells ,onkološka zdravstvena nega ,chemotherapy ,krvni rak ,oncology nursing ,krvne celice - Abstract
Izhodišča: Akutna mieloična levkemija je maligna bolezen belih krvnih celic, usmerjenih v mieloično vrsto. Potek bolezni je hiter in zahteva takojšnje zdravljenje. Za zdravljenje se vedno bolj uporablja presaditev krvotvornih matičnih celic. Namen zaključnega dela je predstaviti presaditev krvotvornih matičnih celic kot obliko zdravljenja akutne mieloične levkemije in prikazati zdravstveno nego pacienta z akutno mieloično levkemijo, ki se zdravi s presaditvijo krvotvornih matičnih celic. Raziskovalne metode: Zaključno delo je nastalo na osnovi študija literature. Uporabljena je bila deskriptivna metoda dela, metoda analize in kompilacije ter metoda sinteze. Rezultati: Ugotovili smo, da najboljše uspehe zdravljenja akutne mieloične levkemije s presaditvijo krvotvornih matičnih celic prinaša alogenična presaditev krvotvornih matičnih celic. Avtologna presaditev krvotvornih matičnih celic se uporablja redko. S presaditvijo krvotvornih matičnih celic se lahko pacienta z akutno mieloično levkemijo popolnoma ozdravi. Vloga medicinske sestre in svojcev je ključna ter nepogrešljiva skozi celoten proces zdravljenja, saj je pacient podvržen raznim psihičnim in fizičnim problemom presaditve krvotvornih matičnih celic. Diskusija in zaključek: Pomembno je, da se ljudje odločajo za vpis v register potencialnih darovalcev krvotvornih matičnih celic, saj le tako obstaja možnost, da pri pacientu opravijo alogenično presaditev krvotvornih matičnih celic, ki je zelo učinkovit način zdravljenja akutne mieloične levkemije. Theoretical starting points: Acute Myeloid Leukemia is a malignant disease of white blood cells directed to the myeloid species. The course of disease is quick and requires immediate treatment. Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation is increasingly used for treatment. The purpose of the diploma thesis is to present the Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation as a form of Acute Myeloid Leukemia treatment and to demonstrate the patient health care with an Acute Myeloid Leukemia treated with Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Research methods: Diploma thesis is based on literature studies. The descriptive method of work, the method of analysis, compilation method and synthesis method were used. Results: We found out that the best success of treating Acute Myeloid Leukemia with the transplantation of the Haematopoietic Stem Cells is the allogeneic transplantation of the Haematopoietic Stem Cells. Autologous transplantation of the Haematopoietic Stem Cells is rarely used. With the transplantation of the Haematopoietic Stem Cells, the patient with Acute Myeloid Leukemia can be completely cured. The role of a nurse and relatives is crucial and indispensable throughout the entire treatment process, as the patient is subjected to various psychological and physical problems during the Haematopoietic Stem Cells Transplantation. Discussion and Conclusion: It is important that people decide to enroll in the register of potential donors of Haematopoietic Stem Cells, as only in this way there is a possibility for the patient to undergo allogeneic transplantation of the Hematopoietic Stem Cells, which is a very effective way of treating Acute Myeloid Leukemia.
- Published
- 2018
30. The quality of life of patients with urostomy
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Jelšek, Nives and Nerat, Jasmina
- Subjects
zdravstvena nega ,urinary tract ,sečila ,izločalna stoma ,excretory stoma ,sečni mehur ,udc:616.62-006(043.2) ,rak ,cancer ,urinary bladder ,health care - Abstract
Izhodišča: Urostoma je kirurško narejena odprtina na koži, ki vodi k sečilom. Pridobitev urostome v veliki meri vpliva na vsakodnevne aktivnosti bolnika in slabša kakovost njegovega življenja. Namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti težave, ki jih imajo bolniki z urostomo, ter izpostaviti ukrepe, s katerimi bi lahko olajšali njihovo življenje in tako izboljšali kakovost njihovega življenja. Raziskovalne metode: Pri pisanju diplomskega dela je uporabljena deskriptivna metoda dela s študijem slovenske in tuje strokovne in znanstvene literature. Uporabljeni so primarni viri. Zbrane podatke smo grupirali, analizirali, kompilirali in na osnovi metode sinteze oblikovali odgovore na zastavljena raziskovalna vprašanja. Rezultati: Rezultati raziskav so pokazali, da pridobitev urostome v veliki meri poslabša kakovost življenja bolnika, saj je pogosto povezana s številnimi zgodnjimi in poznimi pooperativnimi zapleti. Trajno spremenjen način izločanja urina in spremenjena samopodoba vodita v nizko samospoštovanje, socialno izolacijo, negotovost glede prihodnosti ter povzročata vrsto težav pri vsakodnevnih aktivnostih. Diskusija in zaključek: Za zagotavljanje čim kakovostnejšega življenja bolnika z urostomo sta ključnega pomena dobra priprava na operacijo in dobra priprava na življenje po operaciji. Bolniki z urostomo imajo zelo različne težave in potrebe, zato jih je treba obravnavati individualno in holistično glede na njihove potrebe in specifičnosti. Backgrounds: Urostomy is a surgically created opening in the skin, leading to urinary tract. It significantly affects everyday activities of the patient and worsens the quality of their life. The purpose of the thesis is to present troubles of patients with urostomy and stress out measures, with which we could make their life easier and thus improve the quality of their life. Research methods: In the thesis is used the descriptive work method and studied the Slovenian and foreign professional and scientific literature. Primary sources are used. We grouped, analysed and compiled the collected sources and used the synthesis method to form answers to the set research questions. Results: The results of the researches showed that a urostomy significantly decreases the quality of the patient’s life, since it is often connected with numerous early and late post-operative complications. The permanently altered way of urine secretion and altered self-image lead to low self-respect, social isolation, uncertainty regarding the future and cause numerous troubles during everyday activities. Discussion and conclusion: Good preparation for surgery and for the life after the surgery are crucial to ensure the best quality of life for the patient with urostomy. Patients with urostomy have very different problems and needs, therefore they need to be treated individually and holistically with regards to their needs and specifics.
- Published
- 2017
31. Living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- Author
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Ofič, Maša and Nerat, Jasmina
- Subjects
the problems of the patients with COPD ,življenje s KOPB ,school for patients with COPD ,udc:616.24(043.2) ,zdravljenje KOPB ,problemi bolnika s KOPB ,šola bolnika s KOPB ,COPD treatment ,COPD ,KOPB ,living with COPD - Abstract
Izhodišče: Pri kronični obstruktivni pljučni bolezni gre za napredujočo in nepovratno zaporo dihal. Zanjo so značilni kronični kašelj, kratka, piskajoča sapa in povečano izločanje sluzi ter izpljunka. Najpogostejši vzrok za nastanek bolezni je kajenje cigaret. Bolezen ni ozdravljiva, vendar se jo lahko drži pod kontrolo z zdravili. Z raziskavo smo želeli ugotoviti, kako kronična obstruktivna pljučna bolezen vpliva na bolnikove življenjske aktivnosti in katere težave mu povzroča. Raziskovalne metode: Uporabili smo deskriptivno in kvalitativno metodo dela. Raziskava temelji na intervjuju enega bolnika s kronično obstruktivno pljučno boleznijo. Uporabili smo delno strukturiran vprašalnik, sestavljen po konceptu teoretičnega modela Virginije Henderson. Rezultati: Ugotovili smo, da so pri obravnavanem bolniku prisotne težave pri naslednjih življenjskih aktivnostih: dihanje, prehranjevanje in pitje, odvajanje in izločanje, gibanje in ustrezna lega ter spanje in počitek. Prav tako smo ugotovili, da potrebuje pomoč in spodbudo za kakovostno in aktivno življenje. Obravnavani bolnik je bil poučen in zna sam ukrepati ob poslabšanja bolezni. Diskusija in zaključek: Pomembno je, da bolnik s kronično obstruktivno pljučno boleznijo sprejme svojo bolezen in poskuša z njo (kar se da najboljše) živeti. Vključiti je potrebno zdravstveno osebje in družino, ki skupaj pripomorejo k bolj kakovostnemu življenju bolnika in spopadanju z boleznijo. The starting point: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a disease with a progressive and irreversible respiratory obstruction. It is characterized by chronic cough, short-sizzling breath and increased production of mucus secretion and sputum. The most common cause is smoking. The disease is not curable, but it can be kept under control. We wanted to determine how disease affercts the patient`s life activities and what problems it causes. Research Methods: We have used a descriptive and qualitative method of work. The study is based on a interview with patient who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We used a semi-structured questionnaire using the theoretical model by Virginian Henderson. Results: We have found that this disease causes problems with breathing, eating and drinking, drainage and extraction, physical activity and with sleeping. The patient should be supported so that his quality of life and activities are improved. Our patient is well informed and able to act on his own when disease is getting worse. Discussion and conclusion: It is important that patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease accept their disease and try to live with it. Treatment should involved medical staff and family. They can contribute to a better quality life and coping with the disease.
- Published
- 2017
32. QUALITY OF LIFE OF WOMEN AFTER BREAST REMOVAL
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Čas, Blanka and Nerat, Jasmina
- Subjects
breast cancer ,quality of life ,rak dojke ,rak ,medicinska sestra ,samozavest ,nurse ,udc:618.19-089.87-006(043.2) ,cancer ,kakovost življenja ,confidence - Abstract
Izhodišča. Rak dojke je zelo pogosta rakava bolezen pri ženskah. Vplivi na nastanek raka dojk so zelo različni. Lahko so dedne zasnove, kot tudi način življenja. Odstranitev dojke zelo vpliva na kakovost življenja ženske, saj poseg prizadene pacientko psihično in fizično. Namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti rak dojke, ter ukrepe, s katerimi lahko izboljšamo kakovost življenja pacientke po odstranitvi dojke. Raziskovalne metode. Diplomsko delo temelji na uporabi deskriptivne metode dela. Pri raziskavi je bila uporabljena kvalitativna metodologija. Izvedli smo dva intervjuja, in sicer prvi intervju s pacientko po odstranitvi dojke. Dojko so ji odstranili pred dvema letoma. Drugi intervju je potekal z njenim partnerjem. Intervjuja sta potekala na njunem domu. Rezultati. Ugotovili smo, da 11 funkcionalnih vzorcev obnašanja po Marjory Gordon zagotavlja kakovostno in kontinuirano obravnavo pacientke po odstranitvi dojke. Ugotovili smo, da bolezen rak dojke močno vpliva na samozavest pacientke, ter tudi na izvajanje vsakdanjih opravil. Zaradi odstranjene dojke je njena zunanja podoba močna spremenjena in vpliva na kakovost življenja, saj nima več želje po aktivnostih, ki so jo včasih razveseljevale. Paziti mora tudi pri dnevnih aktivnostih, kot so delo na vrtu, saj je nevarnost za okužbo zaradi odstranjenih bezgavk povečana. Diskusija in zaključek. Rak dojke pri ženski ne povzroči samo zunanje spremembe videza zaradi odstranjene dojke, temveč povzroči veliko psihičnih težav, ki vplivajo na kakovost življenja. Pacientka lahko postane nesamozavestna, zaskrbljena, depresivna, njena samopodoba ji ni več všeč. Naloga medicinskih sester je, da naučijo pacientko živeti kvalitetno življenje po zdravljenju raka dojke. Naučiti jo morajo, da bo živela kvalitetnejše in samozavestno. Medicinska sestra lahko s komunikacijo, podporo pacientki in njeni družini veliko pripomore k boljši kakovosti življenja pacientke. Ključne besede: rak, rak dojke, kakovost življenja, medicinska sestra, samozavest. Theoretical background: Breast cancer is very common type of cancer among women. There are many different effects that can cause cancer. Cancer may occur because of genetic predisposition or life style. Mastectomy (removing the breast) due to cancer greatly influences the quality of patients life. Breast cancer can impact patients psychologically as well asphysically. The purpose of Graduation Thesis is to present breast cancer and steps that can improve quality of life after mastectomy. Methodology: In Graduation Thesis we used descriptive and qualitative methods of research. In order to get information we interviewed two individuals. First interview was with patient that had mastectomy two years ago, and the second with her husband. The interview took place at their home. Results: Research findings show that 11 functional patterns by Marjory Gordon are providing quality and continuity of patient care after removal of the breast. We found out that disease such as breast cancer has great influence on patients’ self-esteem, as well it affects every day chores. Removed breast has a great influence on patients’ appearance and quality of life. The patient has no will to be involved in activities that she loved to do before cancer. She has to be careful during daily activities such as work in the garden, because there is risk of infection because her glands were removed as well as breasts. Discussion and conclusion: Breast cancer does not only affect appearance of the breast due to surgery, it can also cause psychological problems, which decrease life quality. Patient often has low self-esteem, is depressed, she worries, she does not like the way she looks. Nurses task is to teach patient how to increase quality of life after the treatment for breast cancer. Nurse should teach patient how to life full life. Nurse can with communication, support for patient and family greatly contribute to a better quality of life of the patient.
- Published
- 2017
33. Pregnant women with multiple sclerosis and their nursing care
- Author
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Bricman, Sabina and Nerat, Jasmina
- Subjects
udc:616.832:618.2(043.2) ,multiple sclerosis in pregnancy ,multipla skleroza ,pregnant woman ,family ,porod ,družina ,childbirth ,multiple sclerosis ,nosečnica ,multipla skleroza v nosečnosti - Abstract
Izhodišča: Multipla skleroza je ena izmed pogostejših avtoimunskih kroničnih bolezni, ki najpogosteje prizadene mlajše odrasle osebe oz. ljudi v obdobju zgodnjih srednjih let. Ženske, ki še nimajo otrok, so zaradi bolezni pogosto v veliki dilemi, ali naj družino sploh načrtujejo. Čeprav multipla skleroza na nosečnost ne vpliva negativno, je pomembno, da ženske, ki se odločijo za naraščaj, o tem dobro premislijo. Namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti multiplo sklerozo nasploh, opisati vpliv nosečnosti na multiplo sklerozo in na podlagi študije primera predstaviti obravnavo pacientke s to boleznijo med nosečnostjo po procesni metodi dela. Raziskovalne metode: V diplomskem delu smo uporabili deskriptivno in kvalitativno metodo dela. Izvedena je bila študija primera nosečnice z multiplo sklerozo, s pomočjo intervjuja na podlagi delno strukturiranega vprašalnika. V pomoč pri zbiranju podatkov nam je bila tudi medicinska dokumentacija in opazovanje pacientke. Rezultati: Ugotovili smo, da pri pacientki z blažjim potekom bolezni nosečnost nima hujšega vpliva na splošno stanje pacientke. V nosečnosti se je pojavilo glede na stanje pred nosečnostjo nekaj novih negovalnih diagnoz, vendar pa so nekatere bile le posledica same nosečnosti. Bolezen je v nosečnosti nekoliko vplivala le na določene življenjske aktivnosti, in sicer najbolj na spanje in počitek, izločanje in odvajanje ter na vzdrževanje normalne telesne temperature. Prav tako smo ugotovili, da pri pacientki z blažjim potekom bolezni ni potrebe po carskem rezu, zato je pri pacientki načrtovan naravni porod. Diskusija in zaključek: Spoznali smo, da nosečnost pri obravnavani pacientki z multiplo sklerozo ni povzročala večjih težav. Ko se pacientka z multiplo sklerozo odloči za otroka, je dobro, da nosečnost načrtuje skupaj s svojim ginekologom in nevrologom, ki ji nudita strokovna mnenja, nasvete, navodila in podporo. Pred zanositvijo je priporočljivo, da pacientka dobro pozna svoj potek bolezni ter spozna, kako bolezen vpliva na partnerski odnos, saj breme, ki se pojavi z rojstvom otroka precej vpliva tudi na partnerja. Starting point: Multiple sclerosis is one of the most common chronic autoimmune diseases that most frequently affects middle-aged people. Women with multiple sclerosis that do not have children are often in doubt whether or not to even start a family. Even though multiple sclerosis does not have a negative impact on pregnancy, it is important that women think carefully about becoming pregnant. The aim of this diploma thesis is to describe multiple sclerosis in general, to determine the impact of pregnancy on multiple sclerosis, and – based on a case study – to present the treatment of a patient with this disease during pregnancy by using the procedural method of work. Research methods: In this diploma thesis, the descriptive and qualitative method of work was used. A case study about a pregnant woman with multiple sclerosis was conducted, using an interview based on a semi-structured questionnaire. For the purpose of data collection, medical documentation and patient observation were also used. Results: We have found that pregnancy did not have a significant impact on the patient’s general health, the patient having a mild version of this disease. Some new nursing diagnoses appeared during her pregnancy however, some of them were merely a result of the pregnancy itself. During the pregnancy, the disease affected a few life activities, such as sleep and rest, bowel movements, urination and maintaining normal body temperature. We established that since the patient had a milder form of the disease, a caesarean section was not necessary therefore, a natural birth was planned. Discussion and conclusion: We concluded that with our patient with multiple sclerosis pregnancy did not present a significant obstacle. When a female patient with multiple sclerosis starts planning a family, it is advised that she includes her gynaecologists as well as her neurologist in this process, since they can provide her with their professional opinion, advice, instructions and support. Before the pregnancy itself, it is also recommendable that the patient becomes familiar with her disease and its impact on the relationship with her partner, as the burden of childbirth deeply affects her partner as well.
- Published
- 2017
34. Medical treatment of the patient with epilepsy in the pregnancy and the postpartum period
- Author
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Štrekelj, Marjeta and Nerat, Jasmina
- Subjects
fetus ,udc:616.8:618.3(043.2) ,epileptic seizure ,epilepsija ,nosečnost ,antiepileptična terapija ,childbirth ,porod ,epilepsy ,pregnancy ,plod ,anti-epileptic therapy ,epileptični napad - Abstract
Teoretična izhodišča: Epilepsija predstavlja resen socialni in zdravstveni problem. Namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti specifične probleme pacientke z epilepsijo v obdobju zanositve, med nosečnostjo, porodom in v poporodnem obdobju, ter opisati zdravstveno obravnavo pacientke z epilepsijo od načrtovanja nosečnosti do poporodnega obdobja. Raziskovalne metode: V diplomskem delu smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo dela. Teoretični del diplomskega dela smo oblikovali s pomočjo analize slovenske in tuje strokovne literature. Empirični del diplomskega dela smo izdelali s pomočjo kvalitativne raziskave. Podatke smo pridobili z intervjujem. Izvedena je bila študija primera s pomočjo delno strukturiranega vprašalnika z odprtim tipom vprašanj. Raziskovalni vzorec predstavlja ena pacientka z epilepsijo, po porodu. Rezultati: Na podlagi odgovorov pridobljenih z intervjujem, opazovanjem pacientke in pregledom medicinske dokumentacije smo ugotovili, da je imela pomembno vlogo pri odločanju pacientke o zanositvi frekvenca pogostosti epileptičnih napadov. Pri pacientki je plodnost ostala ohranjena, nosečnost pa je kljub pogostim epileptičnim napadom predvsem v prvem in tretjem tromesečju potekala brez večjih težav ali zapletov. Opazili smo primanjkljaj multidisciplinarnega sodelovanja in vključevanja medicinske sestre pri vodenju, usmerjanju in svetovanju pacientke z epilepsijo, ki je opazen v vseh obdobjih od zanositve do poporodnega obdobja. Diskusija in zaključek: Epilepsija je kljub visoki incidenci, še vedno tabu tema zaradi pomanjkanja znanja in informacij o epilepsiji in epileptičnih napadih, tako med prebivalstvom kot med pacienti samimi. Če želimo med pacientkami z epilepsijo doseči, kar se da varno, zdravo in uspešno zanositev, nosečnost, porod ter poporodno obdobje, bi bilo potrebno s strani zdravstvenih delavcev dodatno obširno ozaveščanje, informiranje, pomoč in strokovno vodenje pacientov z epilepsijo, svojcev ter tudi širše lokalne skupnosti. Theoretical basis: Epilepsy is a serious social and health issue. The purpose of this thesis is to introduce specific issues of a patient with epilepsy in the time of impregnation, during pregnancy, childbirth, and in postnatal period, plus describe health care treatment of the patient with epilepsy from the planning of pregnancy to the postnatal period. Research methods: In this thesis we used a descriptive research method. The theoretical part is based on analysis of Slovene and foreign technical literature. The empirical part is based on quantitative research. As a metric accessory we used an interview. We conducted a case study with the help of a partially structured questionnaire in the form of open-ended questions. A research sample introduces one patient with epilepsy, after the childbirth. Results: Based on the answers obtained during the interview, observation of the patient, and examination of the medical documentation, we established that the frequency of epileptic seizures had an important role in decision-making about impregnation. The patient remained fertile, and in the first and second three months the pregnancy proceeded without any bigger issues or complications, despite the frequent epileptic seizures. We noticed a lack of multidisciplinary cooperation and integration of a nurse in leading, guiding, and counselling to a patient with epilepsy, which was present in all the periods, from impregnation to postnatal period. Discussion and conclusion: Epilepsy, despite of high incidence, is still a taboo subject due to lack of knowledge and information about epilepsy and epileptic seizures, as among population as among the patients themselves. In order to achieve as safe, healthy and successful impregnation, pregnancy, childbirth, plus postnatal period among the patients with epilepsy as possible, an additional extensive awareness, informing, help, professional guidance of patients with epilepsy, relatives, and broader local community would be necessary, performed by healthcare workers.
- Published
- 2017
35. QUALITY OF LIFE IN WOMEN WITH PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME
- Author
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Kocjan, Nataša and Nerat, Jasmina
- Subjects
quality of life ,menstruacija ,depression ,predmenstrualni sindrom ,predmenstrualna disforična motnja ,kakovost življenja ,premenstrual dysphoric disorder ,udc:618.17-008.8(043.2) ,depresija ,menstruation ,premenstrual syndrome - Abstract
Izhodišča: Predmenstrualni sindrom predstavljajo različni somatski in psihični simptomi, ki se pojavljajo nekaj dni pred menstruacijo. Pojavlja se skoraj pri vseh ženskah v reproduktivni dobi. Ženskam, katere imajo hude težave, lahko predmenstrualni sindrom močno zmanjšuje kakovost življenja. Namen diplomskega dela je ugotoviti, katere težave predmenstrualnega sindroma se pri ženskah najpogosteje pojavljajo in kako predmenstrualni sindrom vpliva na vsakdanje življenje žensk. Metodologija raziskovanja: V empiričnem delu diplomskega dela je bila uporabljena kvantitativna raziskovalna metodologija, in sicer metoda anketiranja. Kot instrument raziskovanja je bil uporabljen delno strukturiran anketni vprašalnik. Raziskavo smo izvedli v enem izmed zdravstvenih domov v ginekološki ambulanti. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 50 žensk s predmenstrualnim sindromom. Rezultati: Najpogostejše težave anketiranih žensk zaradi predmenstrualnega sindroma so boleče, občutljive dojke, bolečine v spodnjem delu trebuha, spremembe v apetitu oz. požrešnost (ženske najpogosteje posegajo po slaščicah in sladkih pijačah), izbruh aken, razdražljivost, spreminjanje razpoloženja in glavobol. Vsi ti simptomi ženskam, ki trpijo za predmenstrualnim sindromom, povzročajo težave na različnih področjih. Največkrat v šoli ali službi, ter pri športnih aktivnostih. Prav tako ti simptomi vplivajo na samozavest žensk, povzročajo težave pri odnosu s partnerjem. Simptome predmenstrualnega sindroma najpogosteje lajšajo z zadostnim pitjem vode, vsaj osem urnim spanjem ter penečimi kopelmi ali masažami. Nekatere uporabljajo hormonsko kontracepcijo. Diskusija in zaključek: Pogosto se ženske niti ne zavedajo, da je vzrok nekaterih njihovih težav lahko predmenstrualni sindrom. Svojega telesa ne poznajo dovolj dobro ali pa morda niso pozorne na čas, ko se določeni simptomi pojavljajo. V medijih lahko zasledimo vedno več informacij o predmenstrualnem sindromu. Za lajšanje tegob v predmenstrualnem obdobju ženskam svetujemo uživanje zdrave in uravnotežene prehrane, zmanjšanje uživanja soli, kave, alkohola ter kajenja, telesno aktivnost tri do štirikrat na teden vsaj pol ure na dan ter zmanjšanje dejavnikov negativnega stresa. Simptome predmenstrualnega sindroma pa lahko lajšajo tudi z različnimi alternativnimi metodami. Starting points: A premenstrual syndrome consists of somatic and mental symptoms that occur a few days before the menstrual cycle. It appears to almost every woman of reproductive age. The premenstrual syndrome could greatly reduce the quality of life, especially to women with severe aching problems. The main purpose of the diploma thesis is to identify which types of the premenstrual syndrome problems appear most frequently and how the premenstrual syndrome affects the women’s everyday life. Research methodology: In the empirical part of the diploma thesis, a quantitative research methodology was used, combined with the method of interviewing. The instrument for the research was a partially structured questionnaire and the research was carried out in one of the health care centres in the gynaecological clinic. There were 50 women with the premenstrual syndrome who participated in the research. Results: The survey revealed that the most common problems and difficulties related to the premenstrual syndrome are painful, sensitive breasts, lower abdominal pain, appetite changes or gluttony (craving after confectionery and sweet drinks), acne outbreaks, irritability, sudden mood changes and headache. All these symptoms cause problems and difficulties at various places, mostly at work, school or sports activities. At the same time the symptoms affect women’s self confidence and may cause problems in relationships. The premenstrual symptoms are most commonly alleviated by drinking enough water per day, sleeping at least eight hours per night and relaxing bubble baths or massages. Some of the interview participants also used hormonal contraception. Final discussion and conclusion: Most of the time women are not completely aware that the premenstrual syndrome could be the main cause of their problems or difficulties. They do not know their body well enough or they are not focused on the time and how often do particular symptoms occur. In the media, we can notice more and more information about the premenstrual syndrome. To relieve the pain while having the premenstrual syndrome we recommend consuming healthy and balanced food, less intake of salt, coffee or alcohol, less smoking, more physical activities for at least three to four hours per week or at least thirty minutes per day, and reducing negative stress factors. The premenstrual symptoms can also be relieved by various alternative methods.
- Published
- 2017
36. PALLIATIVE CARE OF PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED CANCER OF THE ESOPHAGUS
- Author
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Jurgec, Karmen and Nerat, Jasmina
- Subjects
bolečina ,palliative care ,udc:616.3-006(043.2) ,težave s prehranjevanjem ,paliativna oskrba ,cancer of the esophagus ,rak požiralnika ,pain and problems with eating - Abstract
Napredovali rak požiralnika je bolezen, ki je po svetu vedno bolj razširjena in ima slabo prognozo. Simptomi napredovalega raka požiralnika otežujejo pacientovo nadaljnje življenje. Največkrat izgubljajo telesno težo, kar vodi v kaheksijo. Namen diplomskega dela je opisati napredovali rak požiralnika, vzroke za njegov nastanek, odkrivanje in zdravljenje ter predstaviti paliativno zdravstveno nego pacienta z napredovalim rakom požiralnika.Teoretični del diplomskega dela smo oblikovali s pomočjo deskriptivne oz. opisne metode dela. V raziskovalnem delu diplomskega dela smo uporabili kvalitativno raziskovalno metodologijo. Izvedli smo študijo primera pacienta obolelega za napredovalim rakom požiralnika in ga obravnavali po procesni metodi dela. Ugotovili smo, da so najpogostejši negovalni problemi pri pacientu z napredovalim rakom požiralnika bolečina, ki ga ovira pri gibanju, neuravnovešena prehrana (manj kot telo potrebuje), kar vodi v kaheksijo, ter strah. Pacient z napredovalim rakom požiralnika ima težave z vzdrževanjem telesne teže, zato je potrebno, da upošteva nasvete zdravnika in medicinske sestre glede prehranjevanja in lajšanja bolečine. Potrebuje tudi pomoč družine in svojcev, ki so mu v oporo Advanced cancer of the esophagus is a disease, that is worldwide increasingly widespread and usually has poor prognosis. Symptoms of advanced cancer make the life of the patient very difficult. Patients, who suffer from this disease lose their weight, which leads then to cachexia. The purpose of this thesis is to describe advanced cancer of the esophagus and the causes for its formation, detection, treatment and also to present palliative health care for patients with advanced cancer of the esophagus. The theoretical part was formed using the descriptive method. In the empirical part of the thesis we used the qualitative research methodology. We carried out a case study of a patient who was affected by advanced cancer of the esophagus and also treated according to the procedural methods of work. We have found that the most common nursing problems that our patient experienced were: pain that restricts movement, unbalanced nutrition (less than the body needs), which leads to cachexia and anxiety. Patients with advanced cancer of esophagus have problems with maintaining the body weight, therefore it’s necessary to take the advice of the doctor and nurses (dietary and pain advice) into account. The patient also needs support from the family.
- Published
- 2016
37. ACTIVITIES OF THE NURSE FOR COUPLES UNDERGOING INFERTILITY TREATMENT
- Author
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Pirš, Lidija and Nerat, Jasmina
- Subjects
komunikacija ,reproduction ,udc:618.177:614.21(043.2) ,zunajtelesna oploditev ,communication ,health-care work ,medicinska sestra ,nurse ,reprodukcija ,infertility ,in vitro fertilization ,neplodnost ,zdravstveno-vzgojno delo - Abstract
Izhodišča:O neplodnosti kot bolezenskem stanju govorimo takrat, ko pri paru po enem letu rednih in nezaščitenih spolnih odnosih ne pride do zanositve. Vzroke za neplodnost vedno iščemo pri obeh partnerjih, tako v diagnostiko vedno poleg ženske vključujemo tudi moškega.Medicinska sestra predstavlja v postopku zdravljenja neplodnosti pomembno vez med vsemi, ki se vključujejo v proces zdravljenja neplodnega para.Namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti pojem neplodnosti, vzroke zanjo in zdravljenje, ter opisati aktivnosti medicinske sestre pri obravnavi neplodnega para od prvega naročanja do konca zdravljenja v centru za reproduktivno medicino. Metodologija:Diplomsko delo je teoretično, nastalo na osnovi študija in tuje literature. Uporabili smo deskriptivno metodo dela. Zbrane podatke smo pregledali, grupirali, uporabili smo metodo analize in kompilacije, ter na osnovi sinteze oblikovali ugotovitve na zastavljena raziskovalna vprašanja. Rezultati:Ugotovili smo, da je ustrezna komunikacija pomemben dejavnik pri obravnavi neplodnega para v vseh fazah zdravljenja,od prvega stika v centru za naročanje do zaključka zdravljenja. Informacije morajo biti posredovane na razumljiv način in to takrat, ko jih pacienti potrebujejo. Medicinska sestra ima zelo pomembno vlogo tudi pri učenju – edukaciji pacientk o pripravi in samoaplikaciji predpisane hormonske terapije. Učenje poteka individualno, medicinska sestra mora biti natančna, razumljiva in potrpežljiva. Delo medicinske sestre se ob edukaciji prepleta z zdravstveno-vzgojnim delom.Ena pomembnejših aktivnosti medicinske sestre je prav tako priprava in urejanje zdravstvene dokumentacije pacientov, v kateri se nahajajo vsi podatki in izvidi, ki so potrebni za celovito obravnavo neplodnega para. Sklep:Medicinska sestra je pri obravnavi neplodnega paranepogrešljiv člen, saj predstavlja vez med pacienti, zdravniki, biologi in ostalimi sodelavci, ki sodelujejo v timu. Introduction: Infertility isrecognised when the couple after one year of regular and unprotected sexual intercourse does not conceive. The causes of infertility are always researched in both partners. A nurse representsthe link between patients, doctors, biologists and other staff working in a team.The aim of the thesis is to introduce the concept of infertility, its causes and treatment, and to describe the activities of a nurse in the treatment of infertile couple from the first appointmentuntil the treatment is completed. Methodology: The thesis is theoretically founded on the basis of the study of Slovene and foreign scientific literature. The collected data were reviewed, grouped, using a method of analysis and compilation and synthesis was formed on the basis of the findings on the research questions. Results: We found out that the relevant communication is an important factor in the treatment of infertile couple at all stages of treatment, from the first contact in the fertility centre until the treatment is ended. Information must be conveyed in a meaningful way and when patients need them. The nurse also plays a very important role in education of patients concerning the preparation and self-administration hormone therapy. Health-care counselling is individual, a nurse must be accurate, clear and persistent. One of the most important activities of a nurse is also the preparation and editing of patient’smedical records containing all of the data and findings, which are necessary for the comprehensive treatment of infertile couple. Conclusion: The nurse involved in the process of treatment of infertile couple must be able to listen to patients and makes a proper communication to gain their trust, must be able to recognize the patient’s distress and counselthem within her competences.
- Published
- 2016
38. AWARENESS OF WOMEN ABOUT PREVENTION OF CERVICAL CANCER
- Author
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Zamuda, Sabina and Nerat, Jasmina
- Subjects
HPV ,ZORA ,Gesundheitserziehung ,udc:616-006:618.146(043.2) ,RMV ,Gebärmutterhalskrebs ,zdravstvena vzgoja - Abstract
Izhodišča: Naravni potek okužbe s HPV in posledično RMV omogoča različne načine preprečevanja in zgodnjega odkrivanja. To so predvsem zdrav življenjski slog, vključno z zdravo in varno spolnostjo, cepljenje proti okužbi s HPV, zgodnje odkrivanje in zdravljenje predrakavih in začetnih rakavih sprememb MV v okviru organiziranega populacijskega presejalnega programa- ZORA. Namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti bolezen RMV in opisati zdravstveno vzgojno delo medicinske sestre pri preprečevanju RMV. Ugotoviti želimo, kolikšno je znanje žensk o RMV in o ravnanju glede preprečevanja le-tega. Raziskovalna metodologija: V empiričnem delu diplomskega dela smo uporabili kvantitativno metodo. Podatki so bili zbrani z anketiranjem. Delno strukturirana anketa je bila sestavljena iz 30 vprašanj. Anketirali smo 100 naključno izbranih žensk dveh starostnih skupin. Empirične podatke, katere smo statistično obdelali v programu Microsoft Excel, smo najprej razvrstili glede na nominalne spremenljivke v dve skupini. Izračunali smo procentualne deleže, rezultate grafično prikazali s stolpčnimi diagrami in s pomočjo izračunanih deležev potrdili ali ovrgli predvidevanja na raziskovalna vprašanja. Rezultati: Z raziskavo smo ugotovili, da so ženske stare do 40 let bolje osveščene o dejavnikih tveganja za RMV, o znakih napredovalega RMV, o samem preprečevanju RMV, in o razliki med testom PAP ter triažnim testom HPV. Ženske stare do 40 so tudi bolj informirane o cepljenju proti HPV, kot učinkovitemu ukrepu preprečevanja RMV. Ženske stare nad 40 let pa so imele boljše vedenje o vrstah cepiv in so uspešneje interpretirale pomen kratice ZORA. Slednje so se tudi odzivale na prejeta vabila programa ZORA. Diskusija in zaključek: Seznanjenost žensk o RMV in preprečevanju RMV je srednje dobra. Pokazale so se pomanjkljivosti znanja anketiranih žensk starostne populacije nad 40 let pri osnovah o RMV in preprečevanju le-tega. Rešitev za dvig osveščenosti vseh starostnih skupin o RMV in njegovi preventivi vidimo v ustnem podajanju informacij in predvsem v preverjanju razumevanja informacij o RMV, ter v pošiljanju informacijskega promocijskega materiala v pisni obliki na domove po vseh občinah Slovenije. Osveščati je potrebno že v osnovnih šolah. Ausgangspunkte: Der natürliche Verlauf der Infektion mit HPV und damit der Gebärmutterhalskrebs, ermöglicht verschiedene Methoden der Prävention und Früherkennung. Diese sind vor allem eine gesunde Lebensweise, eine gesunde und sichere sexuelle Aktivität, Impfung gegen die Infektion mit HPV, Früherkennung und Behandlung von Krebsvorstufen und frühe krebsartige Veränderungen des Gebärmutterhalses im Rahmen des organisierten Bevölkerungsprogramms ZORA. Der Zweck der Arbeit ist es die Krankheit des Gebärmutterhalskrebses vorzustellen und die gesundheitlich bildende Arbeit der Krankenschwester bei der Prävention von Gebärmutterhalskrebs zu beschreiben. Wir wollen herausfinden, wie viel Wissen Frauen über den Gebärmutterhalskrebs und dessen Möglichkeiten der Verhinderung bzw. dem Umgang mit dieser Krankheit, besitzen. Forschungsmethodik: Im empirischen Teil der Arbeit verwendeten wir die quantitative Methode. Die Daten wurden durch eine Umfrage gesammelt, mit einem teilweise strukturierten Fragebogen, welcher 30 Fragen beinhaltete. Die gesammelten empirischen Daten, die in Microsoft Excel statistisch verarbeitet worden sind haben wir zunächst in zwei Gruppen eingeteilt, abhängig von den nominalen Variablen. Wir berechneten die prozentualen Anteile, die Ergebnisse wurden durch verschiedene Diagramme dargestellt und anhand der berechneten Anteile, sind die sich am Anfang gestellten Forschungsfragen bestätigt oder widerlegt worden. Ergebnisse: Mit der Umfrage haben wir herausgefunden, dass die Frauen im Alter von weniger als 40 Jahren sehr gut über die Risikofaktoren des Gebärmutterhalskrebses informiert sind, auch über die Zeichen des fortschreitenden Gebärmutterhalskrebses, die Prävention von dem Gebärmutterhalskrebs und über den Unterschied zwischen dem PAP- und HPV-Test. Frauen, die jünger als 40 sind, sind auch gut über die Impfung gegen HPV informiert, welche eine der wirksamen Maßnahmen zur Prävention von dem Gebärmutterhalskrebs ist. Frauen im Alter von über 40 Jahren hatten eine bessere Kenntnis der Arten von Impfstoffen und haben die Bedeutung der Abkürzung ZORA besser interpretiert. Letztere haben auch auf die erhaltene Einladung des Programmes ZORA reagiert. Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung: Das Bewusstsein der Frauen über den Gebärmutterhalskrebs und die Verhinderung von dessen ist in der Regel mittelgut. Es hat sich herausgestellt, dass die befragten Frauen im Alter über 40 Jahre Mangel an Wissen über die Grundlagen und die Prävention des Gebärmutterhalskrebses, besitzen. Die Lösung für die Steigerung des Bewusstseins aller Altersgruppen über den Gebärmutterhalskrebs und seine Prävention, sehen wir in der mündlichen Bereitstellung von Informationen, und vor allem in der Überprüfung des Verständnisses der Informationen über den Gebärmutterhalskrebs, und in der Versendung von Informations- und Werbematerialien in der schriftlicher Form an die Häuser in alle Gemeinden in Slowenien. Unserer Meinung nach, sollte man schon in den Grundschulen mehr Wissen darüber verbreiten.
- Published
- 2016
39. Breast reconstruction with silicone implants
- Author
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Pigner, Nastja and Nerat, Jasmina
- Subjects
silicone implant ,silikonski vsadek ,breast cancer ,treatment ,udc:618.19-006-089(043.2) ,rak dojke ,breast reconstruction ,zdravljenje ,rekonstrukcija dojke ,onkološka zdravstvena nega ,oncological care - Abstract
Rekonstrukcija dojke s silikonskim vsadkom po odstranitvi dojke zaradi raka dojke je v današnjem času zelo pomemben del zdravljenja raka dojke. Z rekonstrukcijo dojke s silikonskim vsadkom se pacientki omogoči kakovostnejše življenje po zdravljenju raka dojke. Namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti načine rekonstrukcije dojke, predvsem rekonstrukcijo dojke s silikonskim vsadkom, in ugotoviti negovalne probleme pri posameznih osnovnih življenjskih aktivnostih pacientke z rakom dojke po rekonstrukciji dojke s silikonskim vsadkom. V diplomskem delu smo uporabili komparativno metodo, metodo kompilacije, metodo klasifikacije, opisno metodo in kvalitativno metodo dela. Empirične podatke smo pridobili s pomočjo delno strukturiranega vprašalnika. Intervjuvali smo pacientko z rakom dojke po rekonstrukciji dojke s silikonskim vsadkom na njenem domu. Breast reconstruction with a silicone implant after the removal of a breast due to a breast cancer is nowadays a very important part of breast cancer treatment. Breast reconstruction with a silicone implant allows better quality of life for a patient after the breast cancer treatment. The aim of the thesis is to present the methods of breast reconstruction, especially the breast reconstruction with a silicone implant, and to identify the nursing problems in individual basic activities of daily living of a patient with breast cancer after the breast reconstruction with a silicone implant. In the thesis, we used the comparative method, the compilation method, the classification method, the descriptive method and the qualitative method of work. Empirical data were obtained using a partially structured questionnaire. After the breast reconstruction with a silicone implant, the patient with breast cancer was interviewed at her home.
- Published
- 2016
40. Communication with aphasia patients
- Author
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Rednak, Mateja and Nerat, Jasmina
- Subjects
komunikacija ,communication ,help of the nurse ,Afazija ,udc:616.8:316.772.4(043.2) ,pomoč medicinske sestre ,aphasia - Abstract
Izhodišča. Govor, kot edinstvena človekova funkcija omogoča posamezniku zadovoljevanje osnovnih človekovih potreb. Afazija, kot pridobljena motnja govora (ki nastane zaradi poškodbe ali bolezni možganov), pri pacientu ogrozi različna področja njegovega življenja. V procesu zdravstvene nege je komunikacija medicinske sestre s pacientom prvi in najpomembnejši pristop v celotni rehabilitaciji. Poznavanje oblik komunikacije, metod in pripomočkov pripomore h kakovostni, učinkoviti in celostni obravnavi pacienta. Namen diplomskega dela je predstavitev govorne motnje – afazije in načine komunikacije medicinske sestre s pacientom z afazijo. Ugotoviti želimo, kateri obliki komunikacije posvetijo medicinske sestre največ pozornosti in ali čutijo potrebo po dodatnem izobraževanju s področja komunikacije s pacienti z afazijo. Raziskovalne metode. V diplomskem delu je bila uporabljena deskriptivna in kvantitativna metoda raziskovanja. Za zbiranje podatkov empiričnega dela smo uporabili metodo anketiranja. Raziskovalni vzorec je zajemal 32 medicinskih sester, katere sodelujejo pri zdravstveni negi pacientov z afazijo. Rezultati. Rezultati raziskave so pokazali, da anketirane medicinske sestre (88 %) namenijo največ pozornosti pri komunikaciji s pacientom z afazijo verbalni in neverbalni komunikaciji hkrati. Najpogosteje uporabljeni pripomočki v procesu komunikacije so slike (65 %), potrebo po dodatnem izobraževanju s področja komunikacije s pacientom z afazijo pa je izrazilo 69 % anketirank. Diskusija in zaključek. Za uspešno, celostno in kakovostno obravnavo pacienta z afazijo, mora medicinska sestra v procesu rehabilitacije in kasnejši vključitvi v širšo socialno okolje, poznati potek bolezni, individualnost posameznika ter načine ter oblike komunikacije. Introduction: Speech as a unique human feature/function allows an individual to meet basic human needs. Aphasia as acquired disorder (caused either by damage or disease of the brain) affects different areas in a patient's life. In the process of medical care, patient nurse communication is the first and most important approaching the overall rehabilitation. Knowing the types of communication, its various methods and tools, contributes to high quality, efficient and comprehensive treatment of the patient. The main focus of research work is demonstration of speach disorder - aphasia and various communication types between nourse and aphasia patient. The goal is to find out wich comunication method is most frequentley used by nourses, and if they feel the need for further improvements in field of communication with aphasia patients. Methodology of research: The descriptive and quantitative method were used in the research work. In the empirical part we used a survey method. The research sample included 32 nurses who are/were involved in health care of the patients with aphasia. Results: The survey results showed that most attention of those involved in the survey (88 %) was devoted to verbal and non-verbal communication at the same time.The most commonly used tools in the communication process are pictures (65 %), while the need for additional education in the field of communication with patients with aphasia is expressed by 69 % of the survey respondents. Discussion and conslusion: For a successful, holistic and quality treatment/therapy of a patient with aphasia, the nurse in the rehabilitation process and later in the inclusion process in the wider social environment should be well aware of the course of the patient’s disease, his individuality and the ways and forms of communication.
- Published
- 2016
41. PREVENTION OF RISK FACTORS OF BREAST CANCER IN THE ZASAVJE REGION
- Author
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Leskovšek Polak, Barbara and Nerat, Jasmina
- Subjects
samopregledovanje dojk ,rak dojke ,air pollution ,skrb za zdravje ,Zasavje ,risk factors ,healthcare ,breast cancer [Keywords] ,dejavniki tveganja ,breast self-examination ,udc:618.19-006(043.2) ,onesnaženost okolja - Abstract
Izhodišča: Rak dojke predstavlja slabo tretjino vseh rakov pri ženskah. Predstavlja diagnozo, ki ženski spremeni življenje. Na določene dejavnike tveganja za nastanek raka dojk lahko ženska sama vpliva, na druge žal ne. Namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti dejavnike tveganja za raka dojk v Sloveniji in Zasavju. Ugotoviti želimo, kaj o dejavnikih tveganja in preventivi raka dojk menijo ženske v zasavski regiji in katerih ukrepov za preventivo se držijo. Raziskovalne metode: V diplomskem delu smo uporabili deskriptivno in kvantitativno metodo dela. Kot instrument raziskave je uporabljen anketni vprašalnik. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 117 žensk iz zasavske regije. Dobljene podatke smo uredili, sešteli po skupinah in izračunali deleže. Rezultate smo prikazali opisno in grafično. Z metodo analize in sinteze smo odgovorili na raziskovalna vprašanja. Rezultati: S pomočjo anketnega vprašalnika smo ugotovili, da so ženske v Zasavju najbolj seznanjene z naslednjimi dejavniki tveganja za raka dojk: dedna nagnjenost, okolje v katerem živimo, onesnaženost zraka, negativni stres, kajenje ter telesna neaktivnost in debelost. Pri teh vprašanjih so pritrdilno odgovorile v višjih odstotkih. Tudi drugi dejavniki tveganja so jim poznani, vendar ne v tako velikem deležu. Izvedeli smo tudi, da anketiranke dokaj dobro skrbijo za preprečevanje dejavnikov tveganja za raka dojk in se jih trudijo same odpravljati. Veliko število vprašanih jih ne kadi, uživa zdravo, uravnoteženo prehrano, mnogo jih redno hodi na preglede h ginekologu in si redno samopregleduje dojke. Glede poznavanja programov ozaveščanja o preventivi raka dojk pa so bili odgovori manj zadovoljivi. Polovica anketirank ne ve, če v njihovem kraju obstaja tak program. Diskusija in zaključek: Menim, da bi se dalo na področju preventive v Zasavju narediti še veliko. Ženske so sicer seznanjene z nekaterimi dejavniki tveganja, ne pa z vsemi. Še vedno si želimo, da bi manj žensk kadilo in se jih še več zdravo prehranjevalo. Predvsem pa želimo, da bi bil odstotek žensk, ki si redno samopregledujejo dojke, čim višji. Starting points: Breast cancer represents almost one third of all cancers afflicting women. It presents a diagnosis that can change a woman’s life. Some risk factors for the development of breast cancer can be influenced by the woman herself, while others unfortunately cannot. The purpose of this thesis is introducing the risk factors for breast cancer in Slovenia and Zasavje. We wish to determine the opinions of women from the Zasavje region regarding breast cancer prevention, as well as the preventive measures that they take. Research methods: Both descriptive and quantitative methods of work have been used in the thesis. A survey questionnaire was used as the research instrument. 117 women from the Zasavje region were involved in the survey. The obtained data has been organized, added together and calculated according to their shares. The results were presented both descriptively and graphically. We used methods of analysis and synthesis to answer our research questions. Results: Using the survey questionnaire, we have determined that women in Zasavje seem to be most familiar with the following risk factors for breast cancer: genetic proneness, living environment, air pollution, negative stress, smoking, physical inactivity and obesity. The percentage of correct answers regarding these questions was higher. They are also familiar with other risk factors, however not in such large numbers. We also found out that the subjects of our survey are quite capable of preventing breast cancer risk factors and are working on eliminating them themselves. A large number of survey subjects do not smoke and maintain a healthy and balanced diet, while several have regular gynecological checkups and breast self-examinations. In regards to their familiarity with awareness-raising programs about breast cancer prevention, the answers were less satisfactory. Half of the survey subjects are not aware if such a program exists in their hometown. Discussion and conclusion: I think that much could be done in the field of prevention in Zasavje. Women seem to be informed about some risk factors, yet not all of them. We still wish that fewer women smoked and more women maintained a healthy diet. Above all, however, we wish for a higher percentage of women, who regularly self-examine their breasts.
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- 2016
42. Skin damage due to excessive sun exposure
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Ipšek, Valentina and Nerat, Jasmina
- Subjects
skin ,sun protection ,koža ,consequences ,medicinska sestra ,posledice ,nurse ,sun rays ,prekomerna izpostavljenost ,udc:616.5(043.2) ,sončni žarki ,zaščita pred soncem ,excessive exposure - Abstract
Teoretična izhodišča: Sonce in njegovi žarki blagodejno vplivajo na počutje vseh živih bitij. Pri ljudeh omogočajo nastajanje vitamina D, pomembnega za močne kosti, obenem pa lahko zaradi prekomernega izpostavljanja in nezadostne zaščite pred soncem pride do škodljivih posledic, ki so nekatere vidne šele čez nekaj let. Namen diplomskega dela je ugotoviti seznanjenost ljudi s posledicami prekomernega sončenja in njihov način zaščite pred soncem. Raziskovalne metode: Za teoretični del diplomskega dela smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo dela. V raziskovalnem delu smo uporabili kvantitativno raziskovalno metodologijo. Podatke smo zajeli s spletnim, delno strukturiranim anketnim vprašalnikom, kateri je bil sestavljen iz 25 vprašanj. Sodelovalo je 109 anketirancev. Rezultati: Rezultati raziskave so pokazali, da je večina anketiranih seznanjena s poškodbami, ki lahko nastanejo na koži zaradi pretiranega izpostavljanja soncu še vedno pa jih kar nekaj ne ve, kaj je kožni melanom, katere so pozne posledice izpostavljanja soncu in da je zagorela koža poškodovana. Za zaščito pred soncem na prostem in na plaži največkrat uporabijo zaščitne kreme, prav tako v gorah. Ugotovili smo, da bi se ženske pogosteje udeleževale izobraževanj glede posledic, nastalih zaradi sonca, kot moški. Diskusija in zaključek: Velikega pomena predstavlja ozaveščenost celotne populacije glede poškodb kože, nastalih pri prekomerni izpostavitvi soncu, saj lahko s tem zmanjšamo število primerov kožnega raka in drugih posledic. V veliki meri pa je naše zdravje odvisno od nas samih, zato je pomembno, da svoj vzorec vedenja do sonca nadzorujemo oziroma se soncu izpostavljamo premišljeno, z ustrezno zaščito, predvsem fizično, obenem pa tudi poskrbimo za redno samopregledovanje kože. Prav bi bilo, da bi se udeleževali preventivnih javnozdravstvenih projektov, saj bi naša ozaveščenost glede škodljivih posledic sonca naraščala in bi jih s tem bilo manj. Theoretical baseline: The sun and his rays have a beneficent effect on well-being of all living creatures. It enables people the origin of vitamin D, which is important to make bones strong, but at the same time it can lead to harmful consequences because of excessive exposure and insufficient protection which are visible in a few years. The purpose of this degree paper is to find out acquaintance of people about the consequences of excessive sunbathing and their way of sun protection. Research methods: For theoretical part of degree paper we used descriptive work method. In investigative part it was used quantitative research methodology. The data was gathered with a partially structured online survey, which was composed of 25 questions. There was 109 respondents. Results: The results of the research showed that the majority of respondents is familiar with the damage which can arise on the skin due to excessive sun exposure some people still don`t know what is skin melanoma, which are late consequences of exposure to the sun and that burnt skin is damaged. For outdoor sun protection and on the beach protective sun cream is the most used, even in mountains. We found out that women would, rather than men, participate in courses about consequences which are result of sun exposure. Discussion and conclusion: It is of great importance awareness of entire population about skin damage, which is a result of excessive sun exposure, because it can reduce the number of skin cancer and other consequences. In great measure our health condition depends on ourselves and therefore it is important that we control our behavior toward the sun or that we deliberately expose to the sun with suitable protection, especially physical, at the same time we also take care of regular self-examination of the skin. It would be recommendable to take part in preventive public health projects, because like that would our awareness about harmful consequences about the sun grow and therefore there would be less.
- Published
- 2016
43. THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF PEOPLE WITH ALLERGIC RHINITIS
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Fujs, Tamara and Nerat, Jasmina
- Subjects
allergic rhinitis ,quality of life ,medicinska sestra ,nurse ,health education ,kakovost življenja ,alergijski rinitis ,zdravstvena vzgoja ,udc:616.211-002(043.2) - Abstract
Izhodišča: Alergijski rinitis je alergijsko vnetje nosne sluznice. Oseba ima občutek, da je stalno nahodna. Splošno zdravje oseb z alergijskim rinitisom je ocenjeno bistveno nižje od oseb brez nosnih alergij. Namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti bolezen alergijski rinitis in z raziskavo ugotoviti kakovost življenja oseb z alergijskim rinitisom. Raziskovalne metode: V diplomskem delu je uporabljena deskriptivna in kvantitativna metoda dela. Kot instrument raziskovanja je bil uporabljen delno strukturiran vprašalnik. Anketiranih je bilo 100 oseb z alergijskim rinitisom. Raziskava je bila izvedena med obolelimi osebami v enem izmed zdravstvenih domov na območju Štajerske ter preko spletne ankete EnKlikAnketa, spomladi 2016. Rezultati: Rezultati so pokazali, da pri nekaterih življenjskih aktivnostih alergijski rinitis vpliva na kakovost življenja obolelih oseb. Najbolj ovira obolele osebe pri življenjski aktivnosti dihanje, in sicer pri 65 vseh anketiranih. Sledijo razvedrilo, rekreacija pri 47 anketiranih, spanje in počitek pri 45 anketiranih, telesna aktivnost, čiščenje stanovanja ter opravljanje gospodinjskih del pri 39 anketiranih, učenje in pridobivanje znanja pri 15 anketiranih, odnosi z ljudmi, izražanje čustev, občutkov pri 11 anketiranih ter prehranjevanje in pitje pri 7 anketiranih. Diskusija in zaključek: Alergijski rinitis je bolezen, ki zagotovo lahko vpliva na kakovost življenja obolelih oseb. Pri nekaterih osebah v veliki meri omeji njihovo kakovost vsakdanjega življenja, pri drugih malo manj ali pa sploh ne. Da bi oseba z alergijskim rinitisom imela čim boljšo kakovost življenja, je pomembno, da za sebe poskrbi v največji meri, tu nastopi tudi medicinska sestra, ki osebe ozavešča ter zdravstveno vzgojno deluje in jih usmerja na pravi poti do izboljšanja njihove kakovosti življenja. Introduction: Allergic rhinitis is an allergic inflammation of the nasal mucosa. The person affected has a feeling of a constant common cold. The general health of the people with allergic rhinitis is rated significantly lower than people without nasal allergies. The purpose of the thesis was to present the allergic rhinitis condition and determine the quality of life of people with allergic rhinitis using a method of a survey. Research methods: The descriptive and quantitative methods have been used in the thesis. A partially structured questionnaire has been used as the survey instrument. A hundred people with allergic rhinitis were surveyed. The survey was conducted both among the diseased people in one of the health centers in Styria as well as through an online survey EnKlikAnketa, in the spring of 2016. Results: The results have shown that, within certain life activities, allergic rhinitis affects the quality of life of the respondents. Those affected by allergic rhinitis have difficulty breathing, namely 65 of all the respondents. 47 report that entertainment and recreation are affected, 45 report that for sleep and rest, 39 for physical activity and doing household chores, 15 for learning and acquiring knowledge, 11 for relations with people, expressing emotions, feelings and 7 for eating and drinking. Discussion and conclusion: Allergic rhinitis is a disease that can surely have an influence on the quality of life. To some people it can seriously reduce the quality of their everyday life, while for the others the harm is lesser or not present at all. For a person with allergic rhinitis to have the best possible quality of life it is important that he/she takes care of him/herself to the greatest extent. The role of a nurse in this case is to raise awareness among the people, to perform health education and direct them to the right path of improving the quality of life.
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- 2016
44. Self-sufficiency of patients with multiple sclerosis in domestic environment
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Hohler, Tina and Nerat, Jasmina
- Subjects
Multiple sclerosis ,osnovne življenjske potrebe ,basic necessities of life ,Multipla skleroza ,patient ,pacient ,udc:616.832(043.2) ,samooskrba ,self-sufficiency - Abstract
Multipla skleroza se pri večini pacientov začne kot obdobje z nepredvidljivimi ponovitvami in remisijami bolezni. Simptome in znake multiple skleroze delimo na tipične, ki so najpogostejši in atipične, ki so bolj redki. Najbolj izraženi znaki multiple skleroze so motnje čutenja, preživahni refleksi ter motnje vida in govora. Namen diplomskega dela je ugotoviti možnost samooskrbe pri ljudeh z multiplo sklerozo in analizirati kako imajo prilagojeno okolje za lažje izvajanje vsakodnevnih aktivnosti. V diplomskem delu smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo dela, empirični del je temeljil na kvantitativni metodi dela. Za zbiranje empiričnih podatkov je bil uporabljen anketni vprašalnik s vprašanji odprtega in zaprtega tipa. Urejene in analizirane podatke smo predstavili v grafih in tabelah. V raziskavi smo anketirali 145 oseb s potrjeno diagnozo multiple skleroze, starih več kot 18 let. Raziskavo smo izvedli med člani Združenja multiple skleroze Slovenije, v eni izmed podružničnih enot ter na spletu, na enem izmed družbenih omrežij, v skupini, v katero so vključeni samo pacienti z multiplo sklerozo. Rezultati raziskave kažejo, da lahko 56,6 % anketiranih pacientov še vedno samih skrbi zase, medtem ko se 30,3 % tistih, ki potrebujejo delno pomoč, največkrat obrne na svojo družino. 37,2 % vseh anketirancev je navedlo, da so najmanj samostojni pri gibanju, predvsem pri hoji. Prav tako 46 % anketirancev meni, da so najhujše posledice multiple skleroze težave pri hoji. Za lažje zadovoljevanje svojih potreb, pa anketirani največkrat poskrbijo z ograjo na stopnišču, kar je navedlo 57,2 % vseh vprašanih. V raziskavi je ugotovljeno, da je večina anketiranih pacientov z multiplo sklerozo še vedno samostojnih ter za svoje delovanje potrebujejo le občasno pomoč drugih oseb. Pacientom je lahko v veliko oporo tudi članstvo v Združenju multiple skleroze Slovenije, kjer jim nudijo pomoč pri spopadanju z boleznijo ter jim omogočajo vsakoletne terapije v zdraviliščih. Za obolele bi bila brezplačna asistenca in pomoč, ki bi bila na voljo kadarkoli, ključna, saj bi le tako lahko čim dlje časa živeli v domačem okolju. For the majority of patients, multiple sclerosis begins as a period of unpredictable recurrences and remissions. Symptoms and signs of the multiple sclerosis can be divided into typical or the most common, and atypical, which occur rarely. The most pronounced signs are sentience function disorders, (overly) lively reflexes and impaired vision and speech. The aim of the diploma paper is to establish the possibilities of self-sufficiency in people with multiple sclerosis and analyze how their environment can be adapted in order to make their activities of daily living easier.The descriptive method was applied in the diploma paper however, the empirical section is based on the quantitative method. The empirical data was gathered by means of a questionnaire, consisting of both open and closed type questions. The analyzed data are organized and presented by means of graphs and tables. 145 respondents over the age of 18 and with a confirmed diagnosis of multiple sclerosis were included in the survey, which was distributed among members of the Multiple Sclerosis Association of Slovenia, one of its branches as well as online, where the survey was published on a social network within an multiple sclerosis patients’ group.The research results show that 56,6 % of the surveyed patients are still able to take care of themselves, while 30,3 % of those who do require partial help turn to family members. 37,2 % of all respondents claim they are least independent in terms of motion, especially walking, which, in turn, limits their carrying out of other basic necessities. Furthermore, 46 % of the respondents believe they find trouble (with) walking the most daunting of all the consequences of multiple sclerosis. To better meet their needs, the respondents are most often provided with a staircase fence, which was mentioned by 57,2 % of all respondents. It can be established from the research that the majority of the patients included in the survey still seem to retain independence and only need partial help from others. These patients can find considerable support from the members of the Multiple Sclerosis Association of Slovenia, where they receive help in dealing with the disease and yearly health spa therapies. The most valuable support for such patients would be free assistance and help, available at any time, as this would enable them to remain in their domestic environment for much longer.
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- 2016
45. Lebensqualität nach dem Schlaganfall
- Author
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Pavlič Kerndl, Doroteja and Nerat, Jasmina
- Subjects
udc:616.831-005.1(043.2) ,Gehirnschlag ,die Lebensqualität ,Folgen eines Gehirnschlags ,možganska kap ,posledice možganske kapi ,Akzeptanz der Krankheit ,proces sprejemanja bolezni ,kakovost življenja - Abstract
Izhodišča: Možganska kap je klinični sindrom, za katerega je značilen nenadni nevrološki izpad, ki je žilnega izvora. Je ena pogostejših nevroloških bolezni, ki ima veliko različnih posledic, zato postaja vse večji zdravstveni problem tako v Sloveniji kot v svetu. Možganska kap pa ni samo zdravstveni problem, saj ima lahko bolnik po možganski kapi, poleg telesnih posledic tudi čustvene, socialne in ekonomske posledice. Namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti možgansko kap, posledice možganske kapi in kakovost življenja bolnikov po možganski kapi. Raziskovalne metode: V diplomskem delu je uporabljena deskriptivna in kvantitativna metoda dela. Kot raziskovalni inštrument je uporabljen anketni vprašalnik. Anketiranih je bilo 35 bolnikov po možganski kapi. Rezultati: Rezultati raziskave so pokazali, da so najpogostejše posledice, ki spremljajo bolnike po možganski kapi utrujenost, motnje ravnotežja in bolečina. Druge posledice, ki so jih bolniki izpostavili so: ohromelost okončin, motnje vida in spanja ter izguba sposobnosti govora. Manj kot polovica anketiranih bolnikov po možganski kapi navaja, da potrebuje pomoč pri vsakodnevnih aktivnostih (hišna opravila, gibanje, oblačenje, nega telesa, komunikacija, opravki zunaj doma). Kakovost življenja se je skoraj pri vseh bolnikih po možganski kapi spremenila, saj se počutijo odvisnega, oviranega ali pa kakovostnega življenja nimajo več. Diskusija in zaključek: Kakovost življenja lahko enostavno opredelimo kot zadovoljstvo z našim življenjem. Razumljivo je, da se kakovost življenja pri bolnikih po možganski kapi spremeni, sploh pri tistih bolnikih, ki imajo težje posledice. Nekaterim bolnikom se takrat poruši svet, spet drugi navajajo, da se je njihova kakovost življenja povečala. Pomembno za boljšo kakovost življenja bolnikov po možganski kapi je, da bolnik sprejme svoje omejitve, ter da jih poskuša s prilagoditvami nadomestiti. Ausgangspunkt: Der Gehirnschlag ist ein klinisches Syndrom, das durch den plötzlichen Verlust der neurologischen Fähigkeiten gekennzeichnet wird und vaskulären Ursprungs ist. Es ist eine der häufigsten neurologischen Erkrankungen und hat viele unterschiedliche Folgen, deswegen droht es ein Gesundheitsproblem in Slowenien und in der Welt zu werden. Der Gehirnschlag ist nicht nur ein gesundheitliches Problem, sondern hat zusätzlich emotionale, soziale und wirtschaftliche Folgen. Das Ziel der Arbeit ist, einen Gehirnschlag, die Folgen eines Gehirnschlags und die Lebensqualität von Gehirnschlagpatienten vorzustellen. Wissenschaftliche Methoden: In dieser Arbeit verwende ich die beschreibende und quantitative Methode. Als Forschungsinstrument wurden Fragebogen verwendet. Die Befragten waren 35 Gehirnschlagpatienten. Ergebnisse: Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass die häufigsten Folgen des Gehirnschlags Müdigkeit, Gleichgewichtsstörungen, und Schmerzen sind. Weitere Folgen sind Lähmungen der Gliedmaßen, Sehstörungen, Schlafstörungen und der Verlust der Sprechfähigkeit. Weniger als die Hälfte der befragten Patienten benötigt Hilfe bei ihrer täglichen Arbeit (Hausarbeit, Bewegung, Kleidung, Körperpflege, Kommunikation, Besorgungen außerhalb des Hauses). Die Lebensqualität hat sich bei fast allen Patienten nach einem Schlaganfall verschlechtert, weil sie von Anderen abhängig sind, Behindert oder sie haben keine Lebensqualität mehr. Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung: Die Lebensqualität kann leicht als die Zufriedenheit mit unserem Leben definiert werden. Es ist verständlich, dass sich die Lebensqualität bei Patienten nach einem Gehirnschlag verändert, vor allem bei Patienten die schwerwiegende Folgen haben. Für einige Patienten bricht die ganze Welt zusammen, während andere behaupten, dass sich ihre Lebensqualität erhöht. Es ist wichtig, die Lebensqualität von Patienten zu verbessern. Nach einem Schlaganfall müssen die Patienten ihre Grenzen annehmen und versuchen sich anzupassen.
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- 2016
46. QUALITYI OF LIFE OF PATIENTS WITH MYASTHENIA GRAVIS
- Author
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Žnidarić, Mateja and Nerat, Jasmina
- Subjects
myasthenia gravis ,autoimmunity illness ,udc:616.83(043.2) ,quality of life ,mišična slabost ,muscular weakness ,kakovost življenja ,utrujenost ,miastenija gravis ,avtoimuna bolezen ,tiredness - Abstract
Teoretična izhodišča: Miastenija gravis je redko nevromuskularno obolenje z epizodami mišične oslabelosti, hitre utrudljivosti in prisotnosti težav pri opravljanju vsakdanjih dejavnosti, ki ga povzroči s protitelesi in celicami imunskega sistema posredovano uničenje acetilholinskih receptorjev živčno- mišičnega stika. V prihodnosti se pričakuje vse več možnosti zdravljenja miastenije gravis in hkrati izboljšanje kakovosti življenja ljudi s to boleznijo. Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti spremembe v kakovosti življenja pacientov zaradi miastenije gravis. Raziskovalna metodologija: V teoretičnem delu diplomskega dela smo analizirali, primerjali, vrednotili in interpretirali dosadanja znanstvena spoznanja o raziskovalnem problemu. Raziskava temelji na kvantitativni metodologiji. Kot instrument raziskave smo uporabili anonimni delno strukturiran anketni vprašalnik, ki vsebuje 13 vprašanj. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 100 pacientov z miastenijo gravis, in sicer 50 naključno izbranih pacientov z miastenijo gravis, ki so člani Društva distrofikov Slovenije in 50 naključno izbranih pacientov, ki so člani Društva obolelih od miastenije gravis Hrvatske, ne glede na spol in starejših od 18 let. Rezultati: Rezultati raziskave kažejo, da največ anketiranih oseb tako v Sloveniji, kot na Hrvaškem meni, da se kakovost življenja lahko izboljša z boljšim razmevanjem s strani okolja. Največ, oz. več kot polovica anketiranih v obeh državah je odgovorilo, da invalidnost zaradi miastenije gravis zelo vpliva na življenje pri delu v službi ter pri športu in rekreaciji. Največ anketiranih oseb v Sloveniji si samostojno pomaga v primeru prisotnosti simptomov miastenije gravis z zdravili. Na Hrvaškem je največ anketiranih oseb odgovorilo, da si samostojno pomagajo s počivanjem. Ugotovili smo tudi, da je večina anketirancev zadovoljnih s podporo Društva distrofikov Slovenije oz. Društva oboljelih od miastenije gravis Hrvatske. Diskusija in zaključek: Pacienti z miastenijo gravis morajo pridobiti občutek samozavesti, varnosti in samostojnosti, saj le tako lahko izboljšajo kakovost svojega življenja. Prav tako morajo sprejeti svojo bolezen kot realnost življenja, spoznati dejstva o miasteniji gravis in pridobiti potrebne veščine, da jo uspešno obvladujejo. Theoretical findings: Myasthenia gravis is a rare neuromuscular disease with episodes of muscular weaknesses, faster tiredness, and present troubles with everyday activities, which is caused by antibodies and cells of immune system passed to acetylcholine receptors of neuro-muscular contact. More possibilities of myasthenia gravis healing are expected in the future and improvements of life quality of the people with this illness at the same time. The purpose of the research has been to find the changes in quality of patient’s life because of myasthenia gravis. Research methodology: We have analysed, compared, evaluated, and interpreted scientific findings about the researched problem in the theoretical part of the diploma thesis. The research is based on the quantitative methodology. As the instrument of the research, we have used an anonymous partially structured questionnaire, which includes 13 questions. There have 100 patients with myasthenia gravis cooperated (50 coincidentally chosen patients with myasthenia gravis, which are members of the Society of dystrophic patients in Slovenia, and 50 coincidentally chosen patients who are the members of the Society of the patients with myasthenia gravis Croatia, regardless to gender and older than 18). Results: The results of the research has shown that most of the respondents in Slovenia, as well as in Croatia think that the quality of life can be improved by better understanding of the environment. The most, or more than half of the respondents in both states, have answered that disability because of myasthenia gravis influences work at their jobs, sport, and recreation. The most of the respondents in Slovenia help themselves in the case of the symptoms of myasthenia gravis with medicines. Most of the respondents in Croatia answered that they help themselves with resting. We have found out that most of the respondents are satisfied with the support of the Society of dystrophy patients in Slovenia or the Society of the patients with myasthenia gravis Croatia. Discussion and conclusion: Patients with myasthenia gravis have to gain the emotion of self-confidence, security, and independence because they can improve the quality of their life. They also have to accept their illness as the reality of life, learn about the facts about myasthenia gravis, and gain the necessary skills to successfully control it.
- Published
- 2016
47. THE IMPORTANCE OF MELANOMA SKIN CANCER PREVENTION
- Author
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Petrušič, Ines and Nerat, Jasmina
- Subjects
pigmentna znamenja ,medicinska sestra ,prevention ,maligni melanom ,malignant melanoma ,risk factors ,nurse ,udc:616.5(043.2) ,dejavniki tveganja ,pigment marks ,preventiva - Abstract
Izhodišče: Melanom se kaže kot kožna sprememba, ki je vidna s prostim očesom in se lahko z rednimi samopregledovanji pravočasno odkrije. Preventiva omogoča uspešno zdravljenje in dobro prognozo, zato je pomembno, da so ljudje pozorni na nova pigmentna znamenja in spremembe že obstoječih. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti kožni melanom in z raziskavo ugotoviti, katere preventivne ukrepe za preprečevanje kožnega melanoma poznajo in izvajajo študenti Fakultete za zdravstvene vede Univerze v Mariboru in študenti Filozofske fakultete Univerze v Mariboru. Raziskovalna metodologija: Raziskavo smo opravili marca 2015 v Mariboru na Fakulteti za zdravstvene vede Univerze v Mariboru in Filozofski fakulteti Univerze v Mariboru. Kot instrument raziskovanja smo uporabili anketni vprašalnik, ki je zajemal 19 vprašanj. Rezultati: V raziskavi smo ugotovili, da kljub vsem opozorilom in znanju, študenti še zmeraj premalo upoštevajo preventivne ukrepe malignega melanoma. Iz raziskave je prav tako razvidno, da imajo študenti Filozofske fakultete Univerze v Mariboru manj znanja glede preventive in bi želeli več informacij na to temo. Študenti Fakultete za zdravstvene vede Univerze v Mariboru, pa kljub znanju, ne upoštevajo dovolj preventivnih ukrepov. Diskusije in zaključek: Redno samopregledovanje pigmentnih znamenj na koži enkrat mesečno in poznavanje svojega telesa je nujno za zgodnje odkritje melanoma. Najboljša metoda za odkrivanje melanoma je metoda ABCDE, ki opozarja, na katere spremembe znamenj je potrebno biti pozoren. Za preventivo pa poskrbimo že s pravilno prehrano, gibanjem in upoštevanjem preventivnih ukrepov glede sončenja, ki so temelji zdravega življenja. Starting point: Melanoma appears as a skin change, that is clearly visible on the outer surface of the skin and can be early detected by self-exam. Prevention allows successful treatment and good prognosis, so people are encouraged to pay attention to the new pigment marks and changes to existing ones. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to describe malignant melanoma and to determine which preventive measures for the prevention of malignant melanoma are known and carried by students of the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Maribor and students of the Faculty of Arts, University of Maribor. Research methodology: The research was conducted in March 2015 in Maribor on Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Maribor and Faculty of Arts, University of Maribor and through the internet. As an instrument of research, we used a questionnaire that included 19 questions. Results: The results have shown that in spite of all warnings and knowledge, students still do not take sufficient account of preventive measures malignant melanoma. The results also shows that students of the Faculty of Arts, University of Maribor, have less knowledge of prevention and would like to have more information on this topic. Students of the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Maribor, in spite of the knowledge they got, don't take sufficient account of preventive measures. Discussion and conclusion: Regularly self-examination once a month and knowledge of your body is essential for the early detection of melanoma. The best method for the detection of melanoma is the ABCDE method. It draws attention to the skin changes which have to be paying attention. For prevention you should take care with proper diet, exercise, and taking account of preventive measures concerning the sun tanning, which are the foundations of a healthy lifestyle.
- Published
- 2016
48. Die Geburt in der Vergangenheit und heute
- Author
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Sapač, Blažka and Nerat, Jasmina
- Subjects
Schwangere ,Geburt ,udc:2-456.5:613(043.2) ,Schwangerschaft ,porod ,Partnerrole ,družina ,nosečnost ,vloga partnerja ,Familie ,Geburtshelferin ,babica ,nosečnica - Abstract
Teoretična izhodišča: Nekoč ženske nosečnosti niso načrtovale in prav zaradi tega se je rodilo večje število otrok. V nosečnosti niso posvečale posebne pozornosti načinu življenja. Delale so kot prej in delale so vse do poroda. Rodile so doma ob prisotnosti mater, sosed ali pa babice. Možje pri porodu niso bili prisotni. Danes se nosečnosti načrtujejo. Nosečnice posvečajo posebno pozornost načinu življenja. Organizirano je odlično predporodno varstvo in nosečnice se pripravljajo na porod tako telesno kakor psihično. Porodi potekajo v porodnišnici ob prisotnosti partnerja. Tudi po porodu je za družine poskrbljeno, kar pa nekoč ni bilo. Starši so upravičeni do koriščenja materinskega dopusta, očetovskega dopusta, starševskega dopusta in do denarne pomoči za novorojenčka. Namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti življenje nosečnice, priprave na porod, potek poroda, ter vlogo partnerja pri porodu, tako nekoč kot danes. Metodologija raziskovanja: Uporabili smo deskriptivno metodo dela in kvantitativno raziskovalno metodologijo. Kot instrument raziskovanja smo uporabili anketni vprašalnik, ki je bil razdeljen med tri starostne skupine žensk, ki so vsaj enkrat rodile. Rezultati: Z raziskavo smo ugotovili, da se je starost žensk ob rojstvu prvega otroka višala, da se je nosečnost vse bolj načrtovala ter vodila pod zdravniškim nadzorom. Nosečnice so vse bolj skrbele za uravnovešeno prehrano, začele so se vse bolj izobraževati o nosečnosti in porodu. Vse več porodov je potekalo v porodnišnicah ob prisotnosti partnerja, ki so bili ženskam v pomoč tudi po porodu. Diskusija in zaključek: Z rezultati ankete smo ugotovili, da je razvoj na področju nosečnosti, poroda in poporodnega varstva potekal v pozitivni smeri, tako v prid nosečnicam, kakor tudi novorojenčkom. Ženske danes rodijo enega ali dva otroka, le redke več. Prav zaradi tega se na nosečnost pripravijo in jo načrtujejo. V nosečnosti skrbijo za svoje telo, spremenijo prehranske navade, nehajo kaditi in piti alkohol. Včasih so se ženske poroda bale, danes pa se psihično in fizično dobro pripravijo na porod, saj obiskujejo šolo za starše, izobražujejo se iz knjig in preko spleta ... Partnerji so jim danes v veliko pomoč v poporodnem obdobju. Ker poteka porod danes v porodnišnici so ob zapletih prisotni zdravniki, zato je umrljivost mater in dojenčkov minimalna. Theoretische Ausgangspunkte: In der Vergangenheit haben die Frauen die Scwangerschaft nicht geplannt und aus diesem Grund wurden mehrere Kinder geboren. In der Schwangerschaft haben die Frauen keine größere Aufmerksamkeit ihrer Lebensweise gewidmet. Sie haben wie früher gearbeitet und haben bis zur Geburt gearbeitet. Sie haben zu Hause in der Anwesenheit ihrer Mütter, Nachbarinnen bzw. Geburtshelferin geboren. Die Männer waren bei der Geburt nicht anwesend. Heutzutage ist die Schwangerschaft geplannt. Die Schwangeren widmen eine besondere Aufmerksamkeit ihrer Lebensweise. Es ist eine ausgezeichnete Vorgeburtssheitz organiziert und die Scwangeren bereitet sich so körperlich als auch psyhisch auf die Geburt vor. Die Geburte verlaufen im Entbindungssal in der Anwesenheit ihrer Partner. Auch nach der Geburt wird für die Familie gesorgt, was in der Vergangenheit nicht der Fall war. Die Eltern haben das Recht zum einen Karenzurlaub und Mutterschaftsgeld. Die Absicht meiner Diplomarbeit ist, das Leben der Schwangeren vorzustellen, die Vorbereitungen auf die Geburt, der Geburtsvorgang als auch die Rolle der Partner bei der Geburt, in der Vergangenheit und heutzutage. Untersuchungsmethodologie: Wir haben die descriptive Methode und quantitative Untersuchungsmethodologie angenommen. Als ein Untersuchungsinstrument haben wir eine Umfrage angenommen. Der Fragebogen wurde unter drei Altersgruppen der Frauen, die mindenstens einmal geboren haben, verteilt. Das Ergebnis: Mit dieser Untersuchung haben wir herausgestellt, dass sich das Alter der Frauen bei der Geburt des ersten Kinds gesteigert hat, dass die Schwangerschaft immer mehr geplannt wurde und sie wurde unter der ärztlichen Aufsicht geführt. Die Schwangeren haben sich immer mehr um eine ausgegliechene Ernährung gekümmert und haben sich immer mehr über die Schwangerschaft und Geburt ausgebildet. Immer mehr Geburte sind im Entbindungssal verlaufen worden, in der Anwesenheit ihrer Partner, die der Frauen auch nach der Geburt hilfsbereit gewesen sind. Die Diskussien und der Abschluss: Mit den Umfrageergebnissen haben wir herausgestellt, dass der Fortschritt auf dem Gebiet der Schwangerschaft, Geburts und Nachgeburtsschutzes in einer positiven Richtung gegangen ist, was den Schwangeren und Neugeborenen zugute kommt. Die Frauen heutzutage gebären ein oder zwei Kinder, selten mehr. Ausgerechnet aus diesem Grund bereiten sich die Frauen auf die Schwangerschaft vor und plannen sie. Während der Schwangerschaft kümmern sie sich um ihren Körper, verändern die Ernährungsgewohnheiten, aufhören zu rauchen und Alkohol zu trinken. In der Vergangenheit hatten die Frauen Angst vor der Geburt, heutzutage sind sie aber gut psyhisch und physisch auf die Geburt vorbereitet sie besuchen die Schule für die Eltern und bilden sich aus den Büchern und am Internet aus. Die Partner leisten ihnen heutzutage eine grosse Hilfe, besonders in der Nachgeburtszeit. Weil heutzutage die Geburt in einem Entbindungssaal verläuft und bei allen potentialen Komplikationen die Ärzte anwesend sind, ist die Sterblichkeit der Mütter und Neugeborenen deswegen minimal.
- Published
- 2016
49. Europa Donna and women awareness of breast cancer
- Author
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Vidovič, Monika and Nerat, Jasmina
- Subjects
mamografija ,Breast cancer ,Europa Donna organization ,samopregledovanje dojk ,mammography ,risk factors ,Europa Donna ,dejavniki tveganja ,breast self-examination ,udc:618.19-006(043.2) ,Rak dojk - Abstract
Rak dojke je v Sloveniji eden izmed najpogostejših rakov pri ženskah. Na raka dojke vplivajo različni dejavniki, kot so reproduktivni dejavniki, alkohol, kajenje, telesna neaktivnost in nepravilna prehrana. S problematiko raka dojk je širša javnost premalo osveščena, zato je organizacija Europa Donna zaslužna za širjenje informacij o bolezni s številnimi aktivnostmi in projekti. Namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti raka dojke in organizacijo Europa Donna, ter z raziskavo ugotoviti poznavanje organizacije Europa Donna in osveščenost žensk o raku dojke. V diplomskem delu je bila uporabljena deskriptivna metoda dela. Za teoretična izhodišča smo uporabili strokovno literaturo, knjige in članke o raku dojke. V empiričnem delu smo uporabili metodo anketiranja. Raziskovalni vzorec je zajemal 100 naključno izbranih žensk starih nad 18 let. Rezultati raziskave so pokazali, da so ženske nad 30 let bolj osveščene o raku dojke, kot ženske pod 30 let starosti. 78 % anketiranih žensk si pravilno pregleduje dojke, vendar neredno. Več kot polovica anketiranih žensk pozna organizacijo Europa Donna. Največ informacij o organizaciji Europa Donna ženske dobijo preko interneta, časopisov, revij in televizije. Zavedati se moramo, da je rak dojke ozdravljiva bolezen, če jo odkrijemo pravočasno. Zato bi se morale ženske v Sloveniji zavedati, kako zelo pomembno je samopregledovanje dojk in redno obiskovanje mamografije po 50. letu starosti. Kajti preventiva je boljša kot kurativa. Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women in Slovenia. It is influenced by various factors such as reproductive factors, alcohol, smoking, physical inactivity and poor nutrition. The biggest issue with breast cancer in Slovenia is the general lack of public awareness. The Europa Donna organization is spreading information about the disease around the country with numerous activities and projects. The goal of this diploma thesis is to present breast cancer, Europa Donna organization and to use a survey to determine awareness about the Europa Donna organization and breast cancer in slovenian women. In the making of diploma thesis we used the descriptive method of research. For the theoretical frameworks we used professional literature, books and articles about breast cancer. In the empirical part we used a survey method. The research sample consisted of 100 randomly selected women aged over 18. Results showed that women over 30 years of age are more aware of breast cancer problems than women under 30. 78% of women is practicing proper breast self-exam, but only irregularly. More than half of women surveyed knew the Europa Donna organization. Women find the most infromation about the Europa Donna organization women on the internet, in the newspapers, magazines and on television. We have to realize that breast cancer is a treatable disease if detected in time. Therefore, women in Slovenia should also be aware of how important it is to practice breast self-examination and to attend mammography exams after the age of 50. Because it is better to be safe than sorry.
- Published
- 2015
50. Nursing care of patients with advanced breast cancer
- Author
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Hatunšek, Monika and Nerat, Jasmina
- Subjects
bolečina ,advanced breast cancer ,breast cancer ,rak dojke ,napredovali rak dojke ,medicinska sestra ,nurse ,pain ,udc:618.19-006(043.2) - Abstract
V diplomskem delu je predstavljena pacientka z napredovalim rakom dojke, ki je kronična bolezen, ki je lahko prisotna že ob postavitvi diagnoze raka dojke ali pa se bolezen razširi kasneje, po primarnem zdravljenju in se jo diagnosticira ob kontrolnih pregledih. Gre za bolezensko stanje, pri kateri je glavni cilj zdravljenja lajšanje simptomov in omogočanje čim boljše kakovosti življenja. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je opisati napredovali rak dojke, metode zdravljenja in vlogo medicinske sestre pri obravnavi pacientke, ki jo je prizadela ta bolezen. S pomočjo študije primera želimo predstaviti negovalne probleme, ki se pojavijo pri pacientki z napredovalim rakom dojke in ukrepe, ki lajšajo simptome in omogočajo večjo kakovost življenja. Advanced breast cancer is a chronic disease that can be present when diagnosing breast cancer or it can spread later, after primary treatment, and is diagnosed during a control examination. With this disease the main goal of treatment is to relieve symptoms and to enable the best possible quality of life. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to describe the progress of breast cancer, methods of treatment and the role of nurses in the treatment of a patient who has been affected by this disease. Through a case study we wish to present nursing problems that occur in a patient with advanced breast cancer and measures to alleviate the symptoms and enable better quality of life.
- Published
- 2015
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