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Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:52:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-06-01 Non-invasive endocrinology is an important tool for animal conservation, but its success depends on many factors (e.g. adequate hormonal extraction, diet, antibody used in the assay). Dietary fiber is one of the main sources that can lead to erroneous interpretation of the endocrine status provided by EIA analysis. This study aimed to evaluate the dietary fiber effect on the fecal androgen metabolites (FAM) detection, on the daily defecation rate and fecal production, as well as to analyze the gastrointestinal passage and retention time of the experimental diets. Eight brown brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira) males were randomly assigned to two groups and submitted to both isocaloric and isoproteic experimental diets for 10 days, in a crossover system: low fiber percentage feed (LF, 7% fiber) and high fiber percentage feed (HF, 19% fiber). Such groups were alternated in the middle of this period, with an interval of 10 days between them. In addition, there was a five-day adaptation phase at the beginning of each diet. Fecal collection for FAM measurement was performed during 10 days of treatment, whereas, the defecation rate and fecal production were performed every two hours, for 6 days. The mean FAM level in the HF group was 5038.0 ± 1529.1 ng/g, while for LF, 2178.7 ± 824.9 ng/g (p < 0.05). The mean HF fecal production was 182.6 ± 36.2 g DM/day and 117.5 ± 12.6 g DM/day for LF (p < 0.05). There were no differences in terms of mean defecation rate, passage, and retention times between groups. The results suggest that dietary fiber affects the FAM detection, and this should be taken into consideration before conducting experiments using fecal samples as a source of reproductive hormones profiling. Graduação em Medicina Veterinária Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, S/N, SP Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, S/N, SP Núcleo de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cervídeos (NUPECCE), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, S/N, Vila Industrial, SP Graduação em Medicina Veterinária Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, S/N, SP Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, S/N, SP

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T11:00:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-09-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Photoperiod is the main cue that controls seasonal reproduction in deer from temperate regions, like secretion of testosterone by the testis, neck enlargement, and testis development. However, little is known about its effect on the reproduction of tropical deer species. This research aimed to assess the potential seasonality of the brown brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira) by melatonin treatment. Reproductive parameters such as testicular volume, neck circumference, and semen quality were evaluated from day 0 to 90, and fecal androgen metabolites (FAM) from day −28 to 91. Melatonin treatment was administered from day 0 to 60. In total, seven individuals were used in the study. Four animals were allocated to the treated group (TG) and three to the control group (CG). The neck circumference and some seminal parameters did not show a significant difference between CG and TG and along the experimental period. High FAM levels were observed for the TG on days 7, 14, 21, 35, 84, and 91 (p < 0.05). The mean testicular volume was reduced from day 0 to 30 (p < 0.05) and from day 0 to 90 (p < 0.05), with no increase in the mean testicular volume from day 30 to 60 (p > 0.05). Sperm motility was the highest on day 60 compared with day 0 (p < 0.05). Although not statistically different, membrane integrity and major defects tended to be higher and lower, respectively, in the TG compared with the CG. For these parameters, the incremental change (%) per individual showed that males from the TG tended to have a higher percentage during the melatonin treatment, hence melatonin might affect these seminal characteristics. These findings suggest that exogenous melatonin might enhance FAM levels and sperm motility. Veterinary Science Postgraduate Program School of Agricultural and Veterinary Studies (FCAV) São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal Animal Science Postgraduate Program School of Agricultural and Veterinary Studies (FCAV) São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal Deer Research and Conservation Center (NUPECCE) School of Agricultural and Veterinary Studies (FCAV) São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal Veterinary Science Postgraduate Program School of Agricultural and Veterinary Studies (FCAV) São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal Animal Science Postgraduate Program School of Agricultural and Veterinary Studies (FCAV) São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal Deer Research and Conservation Center (NUPECCE) School of Agricultural and Veterinary Studies (FCAV) São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal

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FONDECYT: 116-2017 FAPESP: 17/07014-8 FAPESP: 19/06940-1 Agradecemos a compreensão. on 2021-05-17T13:18:45Z (GMT) Submitted by DAVID JAVIER GALINDO HUAMÁN (david.galindo@unesp.br) on 2021-05-17T15:39:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 galindohuaman_dj_dr_jabo.pdf: 2491482 bytes, checksum: 4681f02327a42e6992a868e7b0adb1ef (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Alexandra Maria Donadon Lusser Segali null (alexmar@fcav.unesp.br) on 2021-05-20T12:28:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 galindohuaman_dj_dr_jabo.pdf: 2491482 bytes, checksum: 4681f02327a42e6992a868e7b0adb1ef (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-05-20T12:28:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 galindohuaman_dj_dr_jabo.pdf: 2491482 bytes, checksum: 4681f02327a42e6992a868e7b0adb1ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021-04-05 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) A família Cervidae destaca-se por possuir uma das maiores taxas de evolução cariotípica dentre os mamíferos, reflexo de uma fragilidade cromossômica acentuada, que facilita a ocorrência de quebras e rearranjos cromossômicos. Estas, quando vinculadas ao isolamento geográfico em um curto período, poderiam levar as populações a um processo de especiação. Isso é evidenciado na ampla diversificação cariotípica da família, apresentando exemplos extremos de baixo e alto número diploide, como Muntiacus muntjak (2n = 6/7) e Capreolus pygargus (2n = 70 + 1 – 14 Bs), respectivamente. Muitas espécies crípticas estão escondidas pela grande similaridade morfológica, acompanhada de ampla variação cariotípica, intra e interespecífica. Animais portadores de rearranjos cromossômicos podem apresentar diferentes padrões na segregação meiótica durante a espermiogênese, dando passo à formação de gametas desbalanceados. Isso pode estar relacionado com desordens reprodutivas, como evidenciado em animais domésticos, onde é observada a queda da capacidade reprodutiva. A técnica de hibridização in situ fluorescente (FISH) permite a marcação, identificação e localização dos cromossomos envolvidos nas translocações a partir de sondas de DNA com marcadores fluorescentes. Dada a falta de sondas específicas para espécies de cervídeos, diversos estudos apontam para o uso de sondas bovinas devido ao conhecido mapa genético bovino e à proximidade filogenética entre as famílias Cervidae e Bovidae. Dessa forma, a aplicação da FISH em células espermáticas (também chamada de sperm-FISH) permite estimar a proporção de gametas normais/balanceados e desbalanceados (portadores de aneuploidias). Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo: a) Estimar a proporção dos produtos da segregação meiótica em indivíduos portadores de translocações cromossômicas dentro do gênero Mazama, b) Avaliar os potenciais efeitos dos rearranjos cromossômicos na aptidão reprodutiva dos portadores, e c) Avaliar o papel dos rearranjos cromossômicos nos processos de especiação dentro do gênero Mazama. Na espécie M. gouazoubira foi possível avaliar uma translocação Robertsoniana (TR) em quatro animais, sendo que dois incluíam a presença de uma inversão paracêntrica (IPA). O valor médio dos espermatozoides desbalanceados nos portadores da TR/IPA (6,68%) quase dobrou em relação àquele dos portadores de TR (3,76%), mas não houve diferença significativa. Na espécie M. americana, foram avaliadas TRs em diferentes citótipos e fusões em tandem (FT) heterozigotas em híbridos entre citótipos da mesma linhagem cromossômica. Os portadores de TR apresentaram valor médio para a taxa de segregação adjacente de 1,80% e os portadores da FT apresentaram valor médio de 29,07% para os produtos equivalentes a aqueles da segregação adjacente na TR. Nossos resultados indicam um impacto de baixo a moderado do rearranjo cromossômico na aptidão reprodutiva dos machos de M. gouazoubira heterozigotos para TR e TR/IPA e um impacto baixo no caso das TRs em M. americana. No caso dos híbridos de M. americana portadores de FT em heterozigose, os resultados sugerem a formação de uma barreira pós-zigótica eficiente representada pela redução severa da fertilidade dos indivíduos. The family Cervidae stands out for showing one of the highest rates of karyotype evolution among mammals, reflecting a marked chromosomal fragility. Thus, the occurrence of chromosomal breaks and rearrangements is facilitated and lead populations to process of speciation when linked to geographic isolation in a short period. Besides, a wide karyotype diversification of the family has been observed in their extreme examples of low and high diploid numbers, such as Muntiacus muntjak (2n = 6/7) and Capreolus pygargus (2n = 70 + 1 – 14 Bs), respectively. Many cryptic species are hidden due to the great morphological similarity, accompanied by wide intra and interspecific karyotypic variation. Thus, animals with chromosomal rearrangements may present different patterns of meiotic segregation during spermiogenesis, giving way to the formation of unbalanced gametes. This can be related to reproductive disorders, as observed in domestic animals with reproductive fitness reduction. The fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) technique allows the marking, identification, and location of the chromosomes involved in translocations using DNA probes with fluorescent markers. Given the lack of specific probes for deer species, several studies point to the use of bovine probes due to the well-known bovine genetic map and the phylogenetic proximity between families Cervidae and Bovidae. Thus, the application of FISH in sperm cells (also called sperm-FISH) allows estimating the proportion of normal/balanced and unbalanced gametes (carriers of aneuploidies). The present study aimed to a) Estimate the mean rate of meiotic segregation products in carriers of chromosomal translocations within the genus Mazama, b) Assess the potential effects of chromosomal translocations on the reproductive fitness of carriers, and c) Assess the role of chromosomal polymorphisms in speciation processes within the genus Mazama. In the M. gouazoubira species, it was possible to evaluate a Robertsonian translocation (RT) in four animals, two of which included the presence of a paracentric inversion (PAI). The mean value of unbalanced gametes in carriers of the RT/PAI (6.68%) almost doubled in relation to that of carriers with the RT (3.76%); however, no significant difference was observed. Regarding M. americana, RTs were evaluated in different cytotypes and heterozygous tandem fusion (TF) was evaluated in hybrids from the same chromosomal lineage cytotypes. Carriers of RT showed a mean value for the adjacent segregation rate of 1.80% and carriers of TF showed a mean value of 29.07% for products equivalent to those of the adjacent segregation in RT. Our results indicate low to moderate impacts of chromosomal rearrangement on the reproductive fitness of M. gouazoubira heterozygotes for RT and RT/PAI and a low impact in the case of RTs in M. americana. In the case of M. americana hybrids with heterozygous TF, our results suggest an efficient postzygotic barrier represented by the severe reduction in the individuals' fertility. La familia Cervidae se destaca por tener una de las tasas más altas de evolución cariotípica entre los mamíferos, reflejo de una marcada fragilidad cromosómica, lo que facilita la aparición de rupturas y reordenamientos cromosómicos. Estos, cuando se vinculan con casos de aislamiento geográfico en un período corto, podrían llevar a las poblaciones por un proceso de especiación. Lo que se evidencia en la amplia diversificación cariotípica de la familia, presentando ejemplos extremos de número diploide bajo y alto, como Muntiacus muntjak (2n = 6/7) y Capreolus pygargus (2n = 70 + 1 - 14 Bs), respectivamente. Muchas especies crípticas quedan ocultas debido a la gran similitud morfológica, acompañada de una amplia variación cariotípica, intra e interespecífica. Los animales con reordenamientos cromosómicos pueden presentar diferentes patrones de segregación meiótica durante la espermiogénesis, dando paso a la formación de gametos desequilibrados. Esto puede estar relacionado con trastornos reproductivos, como se evidencia en animales domésticos, donde se observa una disminución de la capacidad reproductiva. La técnica de hibridación in situ fluorescente (FISH) permite el marcado, identificación y ubicación de los cromosomas implicados en translocaciones a mediante el uso de sondas de ADN con marcadores fluorescentes. Dada la falta de sondas específicas para especies de cérvidos, varios estudios apuntan al uso de sondas bovinas debido al gran conocimiento del mapa genético bovino y la proximidad filogenética entre las familias Cervidae y Bovidae. De esa forma, la aplicación de FISH en espermatozoides (también llamado sperm-FISH) permite estimar la proporción de gametos normales / equilibrados y desequilibrados (portadores de aneuploidía). Así, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo: a) Estimar la proporción de productos de la segregación meiótica en individuos con translocaciones cromosómicas dentro del género Mazama, b) Evaluar los efectos potenciales de los reordenamientos cromosómicos en la aptitud reproductiva de los portadores, y c) Evaluar el rol de los reordenamientos cromosómicos en procesos de especiación dentro del género Mazama. En la especie M. gouazoubira, fue posible evaluar una translocación Robertsoniana (TR) en cuatro animales, dos de los cuales incluyeron la presencia de una inversión paracéntrica (IPA). El valor promedio de espermatozoides desequilibrados en pacientes con TR / IPA (6,68%) casi se duplicó con relación al de los pacientes con TR (3,76%), aunque no hubo diferencia significativa. En la especie M. americana, se evaluaron TR en diferentes citotipos y fusiones en tándem heterocigoto (FT) en híbridos entre citotipos del mismo linaje cromosómico. Los portadores de TR tuvieron un valor promedio de segregación adyacente de 1.80% y los portadores de FT tuvieron un valor promedio de 29.07% para productos equivalentes a los de segregación adyacente en TR. Nuestros resultados indican un impacto de bajo a moderado del reordenamiento cromosómico en la aptitud reproductiva de machos heterocigotos de M. gouazoubira para TR y TR / IPA y un impacto bajo en el caso de TR en M. americana. En el caso de los híbridos de M. americana con FT en heterocigosis, los resultados sugieren la formación de una barrera post-cigótica eficiente representada por la severa reducción de la fertilidad de los individuos. FONDECYT 116-2017 FAPESP 17/07014-8 FAPESP 19/06940-1

Deer are sensitive to stressful stimuli by handling and their reproductive physiology could be altered by these procedures, making it necessary to develop less invasive protocols for ART. Melengestrol acetate (MGA), a synthetic progestin administered orally, appears as an alternative for estrous synchronization protocols (ESP), such as reported in cattle. Firstly, we compared two MGA doses (0.5 and 1.0 mg/day/animal), which would have suppression effect in estrous behavior (EB). Eight females were randomly and equally distributed in Group 1 (G1) and Group 2 (G2), which received 0.5 and 1.0 mg/day/animal respectively for 15 days (D1 to D15). Two cloprostenol (CP) applications were performed on D0 and D11. Estrus detection (ED) was performed every day. All females from G1 displayed estrus during treatment period, whereas all females from G2 displayed estrus after treatment, suggesting a suppressive effect of 1.0 mg in the EB. Once the suppressive MGA dose (1.0 mg) was defined, we used this dose for assessing ESP. The same eight females received 1.0 mg/animal for eight days (D-8 to D-1), followed by 0.25 mg of estradiol benzoate on D-8 and 265 μg of CP on D0. Feces for fecal progesterone metabolites (FPM) measurement were collected from D0 until seven days after the last day of estrus. Seven females displayed estrus between 12 and 72 h after CP application, which was followed by a significant increase in FPM levels (except female MG6), suggesting the formation of corpus luteum. After ED, females were placed with a fertile male to assess the fertility of the protocol. Pregnancy was confirmed by ultrasound 30 days after mating in 3/6 individuals. Although the low effectiveness of MGA protocol, it should be considered as a promising alternative in deer ESP since this protocol has less stressful effect on the animal during reproductive management when compared to other ESP.

Chromosomal polymorphism plays a major role in speciation processes in mammals with high rates of karyotypic evolution, as observed in the family Cervidae. One remarkable example is the genus Mazama that comprises wide inter- and intra-specific chromosomal variability. To evaluate the impact of chromosomal polymorphisms as reproductive barriers within the genus Mazama, inter-specific hybrids between Mazama gouazoubira and Mazama nemorivaga (MGO &times, MNE) and intra-specific hybrids between cytotypes of Mazama americana (MAM) differing by a tandem (TF) or centric fusion (Robertsonian translocations&mdash, RT) were evaluated. MGO &times, MNE hybrid fertility was evaluated by the seminal quality and testicular histology. MAM hybrids estimation of the meiotic segregation products was performed by sperm-FISH analysis. MGO &times, MNE hybrids analyses showed different degrees of fertility reduction, from severe subfertility to complete sterility. Regarding MAM, RT, and TF carriers showed a mean value for alternate segregation rate of 97.74%, and 67.23%, and adjacent segregation rate of 1.80%, and 29.07%, respectively. Our results suggested an efficient post-zygotic barrier represented by severe fertility reduction for MGO &times, MNE and MAM with heterozygous TF. Nevertheless, RT did not show a severe effect on the reproductive fitness in MAM. Our data support the validity of MGO and MNE as different species and reveals cryptic species within MAM.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:27:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-07-01 Central European Institute of Technology ASCRS Research Foundation Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Grantová Agentura České Republiky The genus Mazama stands out among the Neotropical deer due to their wide intra and interspecific karyotypic diversification, which is associated with an accentuated chromosomal fragility. There are reports of heterozygous Robertsonian translocation (RT) carriers in a free-range population of Mazama gouazoubira (brown brocket deer), as well as in captive animals of this and other species of the genus. To analyze possible negative impacts of heterozygous chromosome rearrangements on reproductive fitness of the carriers, we performed an analysis of sperm meiotic segregation in four brown brocket bucks, carriers of a rob(4;16), and compared the results with those of a normal buck. We established a reliable FISH and sperm-FISH protocol for the brown brocket deer using bovine (Bos taurus; diploid number, 2n = 60) whole chromosome painting (WCP) and BAC probes. Using BAC probes, we revealed the presence of a paracentric inversion (PAI) of the fused chromosome 4 in two of the four analyzed RT carriers. The mean frequency of normal/balanced sperm in the translocation carriers was significantly lower than in the normal buck (94.78% vs 98.40%). The mean value of total unbalanced spermatozoa was almost doubled in the RT/PAI carriers (6.68%) when compared to RT carriers (3.76%), but the difference was not statistically significant. This study demonstrated the efficiency of FISH with bovine WCP and BAC probes in the characterization of chromosome rearrangements and gametic segregation patterns in brown brocket deer. Our results indicate a low to moderate increase in the rates of unbalanced meiotic segregation products in brown brocket bucks heterozygous for RT and RT/PAIs. Núcleo de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cervídeos Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista – NUPECCE/FCAV/UNESP Central European Institute of Technology-Veterinary Research Institute Núcleo de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cervídeos Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista – NUPECCE/FCAV/UNESP Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica: 116-2017-FONDECYT FAPESP: 2017/07014-8 FAPESP: 2019/06940-1 Grantová Agentura České Republiky: 20–22517J

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T11:12:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-01-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-15T15:24:12Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1984-31432020000400206.pdf: 543405 bytes, checksum: bec495f1bb122898b83e030f631bac84 (MD5) Deer are sensitive to stressful stimuli by handling and their reproductive physiology could be altered by these procedures, making it necessary to develop less invasive protocols for ART. Melengestrol acetate (MGA), a synthetic progestin administered orally, appears as an alternative for estrous synchronization protocols (ESP), such as reported in cattle. Firstly, we compared two MGA doses (0.5 and 1.0 mg/day/animal), which would have suppression effect in estrous behavior (EB). Eight females were randomly and equally distributed in Group 1 (G1) and Group 2 (G2), which received 0.5 and 1.0 mg/day/animal respectively for 15 days (D1 to D15). Two cloprostenol (CP) applications were performed on D0 and D11. Estrus detection (ED) was performed every day. All females from G1 displayed estrus during treatment period, whereas all females from G2 displayed estrus after treatment, suggesting a suppressive effect of 1.0mg in the EB. Once the suppressive MGA dose (1.0 mg) was defined, we used this dose for assessing ESP. The same eight females received 1.0 mg/animal for eight days (D-8 to D-1), followed by 0.25 mg of estradiol benzoate on D-8 and 265 μg of CP on D0. Feces for fecal progesterone metabolites (FPM) measurement were collected from D0 until seven days after the last day of estrus. Seven females displayed estrus between 12 and 72 h after CP application, which was followed by a significant increase in FPM levels (except female MG6), suggesting the formation of corpus luteum. After ED, females were placed with a fertile male to assess the fertility of the protocol. Pregnancy was confirmed by ultrasound 30 days after mating in 3/6 individuals. Although the low effectiveness of MGA protocol, it should be considered as a promising alternative in deer ESP since this protocol has less stressful effect on the animal during reproductive management when compared to other ESP Núcleo de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cervídeos (NUPECCE) Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Núcleo de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cervídeos (NUPECCE) Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:04:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-12-01 The Amazonian brown brocket deer (Mazama nemorivaga) is an endemic species of the Amazon rainforest region, which has suffered constant threats due to hunting and increasing deforestation. Artificial insemination (AI), combined with genomic banks, is considered an important tool for maintaining conservation programs of endangered species; however, the number of live offspring born from AI in non-domesticated cervids is extremely low. Thus, studies designed to develop, adapt, or enhance AI techniques are of fundamental importance. This report describes a successful transposition of the cervix with semen deposition in the uterine lumen of a M. nemorivaga female, based on the transcervical AI technique used in sheep, as well as using specific tools develop for IA in small ruminants, which have resulted in the birth of a healthy male fawn. Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV) São Paulo State University (UNESP) Deer Research and Conservation Center (NUPECCE) Department of Animal Science FCAV-UNESP Department of Clinical and Veterinary Surgery FCAV-UNESP Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV) São Paulo State University (UNESP) Deer Research and Conservation Center (NUPECCE) Department of Animal Science FCAV-UNESP Department of Clinical and Veterinary Surgery FCAV-UNESP

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T17:44:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-01-25 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) The marsh deer is an endangered species from the marshlands of central South America. This study aimed to characterize certain aspects of the reproductive physiology of marsh deer hinds, including the duration and fecal progestins profile of the estrous cycle, pregnancy and post-partum periods, and evaluate the effect of cloprostenol administration on this species. The experimental group consisted of six females and one fertile male marsh deer. During monitoring of the estrous cycle, the fresh fecal samples were collected daily and, during pregnancy, they were collected twice weekly. The hormonal profile obtained from daily fecal samples indicated that the mean duration of the estrous cycle was 21.3 +/- 1.3 days (6.4 days inter-luteal phase and 14.8 days luteal phase; n = 16 estrous cycles). The mean concentration of fecal progestins in the inter-luteal phase was 834 +/- 311 ng g(-1), in the luteal phase was 3979 +/- 1611 ng g(-1), value between them was 1457 ng g(-1). No significant difference in fecal estrogen concentrations was determined during the estrous cycle. The corpora luteum was not responsive to cloprostenol until Day 6 of the estrous cycle, the period previously described as the inter-luteal phase. Half the females became pregnant following treatment with cloprostenol and two others were fertilized in their natural estrous cycle. Four females delivered fawns, and the mean duration of pregnancy was 253 +/- 4 days. Fecal progestin concentrations were similar to those of the estrous cycle during the first 11 weeks of pregnancy and increased significantly (> 15250 ng g(-1)) thereafter, providing a presumptive diagnosis guideline. Within 60 days of post-partum analyses, 75% of the deer exhibited behavioural estrus and/or ovarian activity. This study generated a broader understanding of the marsh deer species concerning the production of consistent data related to its reproduction. This knowledge can be used to assist the reproductive management of this species and, consequently, to promote its conservation. Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet, NUPECCE Nucleo Pesquisa & Conservacao Cervideos, Deer Res & Conservat Ctr,Dept Zootecnia, Via Acesso Prof Paulo Donato Castellane S-N, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet, NUPECCE Nucleo Pesquisa & Conservacao Cervideos, Deer Res & Conservat Ctr,Dept Zootecnia, Via Acesso Prof Paulo Donato Castellane S-N, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil

Lay summary: This study aimed to characterize some aspects of the reproductive physiology of female marsh deer, such as length and fecal progestins profile of estrous cycle, pregnancy and post parturition periods, information that we consider an important and decisive factor for the elaboration of conservation actions of Neotropical deer species., The marsh deer is an endangered species from the marshlands of central South America. This study aimed to characterize certain aspects of the reproductive physiology of marsh deer hinds, including the duration and fecal progestins profile of the estrous cycle, pregnancy and post-partum periods, and evaluate the effect of cloprostenol administration on this species. The experimental group consisted of six females and one fertile male marsh deer. During monitoring of the estrous cycle, the fresh fecal samples were collected daily and, during pregnancy, they were collected twice weekly. The hormonal profile obtained from daily fecal samples indicated that the mean duration of the estrous cycle was 21.3 ± 1.3 days (6.4 days inter-luteal phase and 14.8 days luteal phase; n = 16 estrous cycles). The mean concentration of fecal progestins in the inter-luteal phase was 834 ± 311 ng g−1, in the luteal phase was 3979 ± 1611 ng g−1, value between them was 1457 ng g−1. No significant difference in fecal estrogen concentrations was determined during the estrous cycle. The corpora luteum was not responsive to cloprostenol until Day 6 of the estrous cycle, the period previously described as the inter-luteal phase. Half the females became pregnant following treatment with cloprostenol and two others were fertilized in their natural estrous cycle. Four females delivered fawns, and the mean duration of pregnancy was 253 ± 4 days. Fecal progestin concentrations were similar to those of the estrous cycle during the first 11 weeks of pregnancy and increased significantly ( > 15250 ng g−1) thereafter, providing a presumptive diagnosis guideline. Within 60 days of post-partum analyses, 75% of the deer exhibited behavioural estrus and/or ovarian activity. This study generated a broader understanding of the marsh deer species concerning the production of consistent data related to its reproduction. This knowledge can be used to assist the reproductive management of this species and, consequently, to promote its conservation.

Submitted by DAVID JAVIER GALINDO HUAMÁN null (dgalindoh89@gmail.com) on 2017-04-06T12:09:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 galindo_dj_me_jabo.pdf: 3220960 bytes, checksum: b0645c4310022e5f5c72093f60c926a4 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-04-12T18:50:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 galindohuaman_dj_me_jabo.pdf: 3220960 bytes, checksum: b0645c4310022e5f5c72093f60c926a4 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-12T18:50:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 galindohuaman_dj_me_jabo.pdf: 3220960 bytes, checksum: b0645c4310022e5f5c72093f60c926a4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-24 Outra Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) O cervo-do-pantanal (Blastocerus dichotomus) é uma espécie emblemática dentro dos cervídeos neotropicais. Nas últimas décadas, suas populações têm sofrido declínio notório devido, principalmente, à destruição do seu habitat. Isto causa a perda da diversidade genética, que junto à depressão endogâmica (pelo isolamento de pequenas populações) pode levar à espécie a extinções locais. Nesse contexto, as técnicas de reprodução assistida podem auxiliar no processo de manutenção da diversidade genética nestas populações isoladas. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi elaborar um protocolo de superovulação para cervo-do-pantanal em cativeiro. Assim, foram testados protocolos sucessivamente (A, B, C) até que fossem obtidos resultados satisfatórios. Para que se pudesse chegar a um protocolo viável, foram testadas três combinações farmacológicas. Tratamento A: CIDR® durante sete dias, seguido de 0,5 mg de BE e 0,11 mg de GnRH no dia 0, 800UI de eCG no dia 5 após inserção do CIDR®, 530 µg de PGF2α no dia 7 e 0,11 mg de GnRH logo após a detecção do estro, para a indução da ovulação. Tratamento B: CIDR® durante oito dias, seguido de 0,5 mg de BE e 0,11 mg de GnRH no dia 0, 1200UI de eCG no dia 5 após inserção do CIDR®, 530 µg de PGF2α no dia 8 e 0,11 mg de GnRH logo após a detecção do estro, para a indução da ovulação. Tratamento C: CIDR® durante oito dias, seguido de 0,5 mg de BE e 0,11 mg de GnRH no dia 0, 1200UI de eCG no dia 5 após inserção do CIDR®, 530 µg de PGF2α no dia 8 e 2,5 mg de LH, entre 12-18 horas após a detecção do estro para a indução da ovulação. A detecção de estro foi realizada com o auxílio de um macho, sendo permitida a cópula. Oito dias após a cópula foi realizada a contagem dos CL e folículos anovulatórios mediante laparotomia mediana ventral, assim como a colheita de embriões. O Tratamento A resultou em 2 CL. O Tratamento B resultou em 1 CL e 8 folículos anovulatórios. O Tratamento C resultou em 10, 3 e 11 CL, e 0, 1 e 5 folículos anovulatórios para as fêmeas 3, 4 e 5, respectivamente. Além disso foi realizada a colheita de 2, 2 e 5 embriões das fêmeas FBD3, FBD4 e FBD5, respectivamente. Obtendo uma taxa de recuperação de 37,5% (9/24), dos quais dois eram embriões viáveis para transferência. Todos os tratamentos foram efetivos na sincronização do estro. O Tratamento C, com a aplicação i.m. de 1200UI de eCG e de LH, como indutor da ovulação, teve a melhor resposta em termos de superovulação, assim como de colheita de embriões. The marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) is an emblematic species within the neotropical deer. In the last decades, their populations have suffered a notable decline due, mainly, to the destruction of their habitat. This causes loss of genetic diversity, which together with inbreeding depression (by the isolation of many small populations) can lead this species to local extinctions. In this context, assisted reproduction techniques can help in the process of maintaining genetic diversity in these isolated populations. Thus, the aim of this study was to elaborate a superovulation protocol for captive marsh deer. Therefore, protocols were successively tested (A, B, C) until satisfactory results were obtained. To be able to achieve a viable protocol, three pharmacological combination were tested. Treatment A: CIDR® for 7 days, followed by 0.5 mg of EB and 0.11 mg of GnRH on D0, 800IU of eCG on day 5 after CIDR® insertion, 530 µg PGF2α on day 7, and 0.11 mg of GnRH soon after estrus detection, for ovulation induction. Treatment B: CIDR® for 8 days, followed by 0.5 mg of EB and 0.11 mg of GnRH on D0, 1200IU of eCG on day 5 after CIDR® insertion, 530 µg PGF2α on day 8, and 0.11 mg of GnRH soon after estrus detection, for ovulation induction. Treatment C: CIDR® for 8 days, followed by 0.5 mg of EB and 0.11 mg of GnRH on D0, 1200IU of eCG on day 5 after CIDR® insertion, 530 µg PGF2α on day 8, and 0.25 mg of LH, between 12-18 hours post estrus detection, for ovulation induction. Estrus detection was performed with the aid of a male, and copulation was allowed. Eight days after copulation, CL and anovulatory follicles were counted through median ventral laparotomy, as well as the collection of embryos. Treatment A resulted in 2 CL. Treatment B resulted in 1 CL and 8 anovulatory follicles. Treatment C resulted in 10, 3 and 11 CL, and 0, 1 and 5 anovulatory follicles for hinds FBD3, FBD4, and FBD5, respectively. In addition, 2, 2 and 5 embryos were harvested from hinds FBD3, FBD4 and FBD5, respectively. Obtaining a recovery rate of 37.5% (9/24), of which two were viable embryos for transfer. All treatments were effective in synchronizing estrus. Treatment C, with an i.m. application of 1200IU of eCG and LH, as ovulation inducer, had the best response in terms of superovulation, as well as embryo collection.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-03T13:11:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-03-19Bitstream added on 2014-12-03T13:22:36Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000334703000001.pdf: 385890 bytes, checksum: 461e9e117c2e56211fe64f5764411b18 (MD5) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Background: Stress is a limiting factor in assisted reproduction in wild animals maintained in captivity. However, the knowledge of assisted reproduction techniques for wild animals is useful for future in situ and ex situ conservation programs. Thus, this study evaluated the ovulation rate, presence of functional corpora lutea and fecal glucocorticoid levels following treatments promoting superovulation in captive brown brocket deer.Methods: The crossover design used six hinds, allocated to two groups (n = 6): eCG Treatment, CIDR for 8 days, followed by 0.25 mg of EB on day 0, 700 IU of eCG on day 4 following device insertion and 265 mug of PGF2alfa on day 8; and FSH Treatment, CIDR for 7.5 days, followed by 0.25 mg of EB on day 0, 130 mg of FSH in 8 equal doses and 265 mug of PGF2alfa on day 7.5. Induced adrenal activity and treatment efficacy were evaluated by corpora lutea (CL) counts and fecal glucocorticoid and progestin concentration (ng/g feces) analyses for five different phases: Pre, two days before treatment; Early, first four days of treatment; Late, last four days of treatment; Total, entire treatment period; and Post, five days posttreatment.Results: eCG Treatment resulted in the highest number of CL (P lower than 0.05). There was no significant difference for fecal glucocorticoid concentrations in five different time periods between the treatments; however Pre fecal glucocorticoid concentrations (90.06+/-19.64) were significantly different from Late (200.76+/-26.39) within FSH Treatment. The mean fecal progestin concentration and mean ovulation rate were higher in eCG Treatment (4293.69+/-769.47, 7.0+/-1.8) than in FSH Treatment (1571.26+/-240.28, 2.6+/-0.8) (P lower than or equal to 0.05).Conclusions: Although the eCG Treatment induced a good superovulatory response, with the formation of functional corpora lutea, we cannot yet affirm that we have established a suitable protocol for induction of SOV in the species M. gouazoubira because approximately 65% of the deer showed premature regression of the corpora lutea. Moreover, multiple FSH applications in FSH Treatment resulted in a low ovulation rate and induced an increase in fecal glucocorticoid levels. Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Agra & Vet, Deer Res & Conservat Ctr, Dept Zootecnia,NUPECCE,Nuleo Pesquisa & Conservac, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Agra & Vet, Deer Res & Conservat Ctr, Dept Zootecnia,NUPECCE,Nuleo Pesquisa & Conservac, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil