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Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This case report presents a rare manifestation of a pigmented cutaneous metastasis of breast carcinoma with a zosteriform distribution. A 77-year-old woman, previously diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, exhibited pigmented lesions resembling shingles on the left thoracodorsal region. Dermoscopic and histopathological examinations confirmed invasive carcinoma of mammary origin associated with melanocytic colonization. The zosteriform pattern, though rare, has been reported in cases of cutaneous metastasis from breast cancer. Treatment options include addressing the primary tumor and direct approaches such as surgery or radiotherapy for skin lesions. This report highlights the importance of clinical suspicion, histopathological evaluation, and immunohistochemical examinations for accurate diagnosis, enabling timely and appropriate treatment for improved patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: With breast cancer being the most prevalent malignancy worldwide, conservative treatment is of tremendous importance. Nevertheless, in many cases, mastectomy remains the indicated surgical procedure, and like any other amputation, it carries a significant burden on those patients. In the case of mastectomy, immediate breast reconstruction is the standard of care. Alloplastic reconstruction remains the most widely performed type of immediate breast reconstruction. Methods: In this article, the authors present a series of 105 cases of immediate alloplastic reconstruction in 5 years from 2015 to 2019 in Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Portugal. It includes curative and risk-reducing mastectomies performed by oncologic gynecologists. The reconstruction options offered by the plastic reconstructive team included both direct-to-implant reconstruction and two-stage reconstruction with the use of tissue expanders. Results: Data regarding the oncologic disease, type of mastectomy, patient selection criteria and immediate and late postoperative outcomes with different techniques of immediate reconstruction were collected, analyzed, and compared to literature. In our study, body mass index was the single most significant predictor of complications and, its impact was statistically significant. Conclusion: The results obtained represent an essential step to improving care quality for women undergoing breast reconstruction.

Copyright of Revista Estudiantil AGRO - VET is the property of Universidad Mayor de San Andres, Facultad de Agronomia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ginecología y Obstetricia de México is the property of Federacion Mexicana de Ginecologia y Obstetricia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de la Facultad de Medicina Humana is the property of Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Universidad Ricardo Palma and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Saúde Coletiva is the property of MPM Comunicacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Resumo Crescimento pós-traumático (CPT) refere-se à mudança positiva em algum aspecto da experiência humana como resultado do enfrentamento de adversidades. Investigou-se a relação entre CPT, estilos de enfrentamento e centralidade de evento. Participaram do estudo 65 mulheres que concluíram os tratamentos recomendados para o câncer de mama. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa cujos instrumentos foram respondidos on-line. Identificou-se correlações altas entre CPT e centralidade de evento e moderadas entre CPT e os estilos de enfrentamento: estratégia focada no problema, busca de suporte social e práticas religiosas. A centralidade de evento e as estratégias focadas no problema mostraram-se melhores preditoras de CPT. Os resultados sugerem que quanto maior a adversidade percebida, maior a possibilidade de crescimento, sendo as estratégias de enfrentamento focadas no problema um componente importante para a sua ocorrência. Este estudo apontou a possibilidade de crescimento pessoal relacionado ao enfrentamento do CA de mama e indicou estratégias relevantes para desenvolvê-lo.

Introducción: El Tumor Filodes (TF) es la neoplasia fibroepitelial con tendencia a la recurrencia que representa menos del 1% de todos los tumores primarios de mama. Se presenta como una lesión nodular y se clasifica en benigno, borderline y maligno. Para TF borderline o malignos el tratamiento inicial es la mastectomía parcial seguida de RT adyuvante. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio observacional, descriptivo, de cohorte retrospectiva fue evaluar la experiencia en el tratamiento de la radioterapia adyuvante en pacientes con TF, tratados en las diferentes sedes GURVE (2006-2021). Métodos: Se revisaron 4889 historias clínicas, debido a la baja incidencia mundial de estos tumores se encontraron 12 pacientes con TF en un periodo de 15 años. Se colocaron los datos recogidos en una base de datos para su posterior análisis estadístico. Resultados: 11 pacientes entre 26 y 75 años formaron la muestra. Se reportaron 7 malignos, 3 benignos y 1 borderline. El 73% fue sometido a mastectomías radicales o totales. La única complicación presentada fue dermatitis, 18% presentó eritema discreto: grado I y 82% descamación en parches: grado II, mejorando con tratamientos tópicos. 9% presentó recurrencia local y 91% vive sin enfermedad. La mediana de seguimiento fue de 94,93 meses. A los 10 años la sobrevida global fue del 100% y la sobrevida libre de enfermedad fue de 81,7%. Conclusión: Se recomienda ampliamente la RT adyuvante para los pacientes con TF borderline o maligno, ya que ha sido eficaz al disminuir las tasas de recurrencia y aumentar la sobrevida.

Introduction: breast cancer is the most diagnosed type of cancer and the leading cause of death among women worldwide. Approximately 1.67 million new cases of breast cancer were diagnosed in 2012, leading to more than half a million deaths. Breast cancer accounted for 11.6% of newly diagnosed cancers (2,089 million) and 9.2% (787,000) of cancer-related deaths for both sexes and at all ages worldwide in 2018. Objective: breast cancer, as the most diagnosed carcinoma in the world and the leading cause of death among women, is a morbidity of outstanding importance, and the object of this study is to evaluate the association between the LOX gene G473A (rs1800449) polymorphism and breast cancer occurrence, potentially establishing a new finding in the identification of risks, prevention, and care for a specific group of women. Methods:in this retrospective cohort study, LOX G473A polymorphism frequency was assessed in 148 women with breast cancer and 245 women without breast cancer. All patients completed a questionnaire to identify possible risk factors and subsequently underwent peripheral blood collection to study the LOX gene. DNA was extracted followed by gene amplification via PCR, and the polymorphism was studied by specific fragment electrophoresis after digestion of the samples with the restriction endonuclease Pstl. Results: this study identified the use of oral contraceptives and family history of breast cancer as risk factors for breast cancer; the G473A polymorphism in LOX was not identified as a risk factor. Conclusion: a relationship was not observed between the LOX G473A polymorphism and the occurrence of breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the effects of hand embroidery as a motor rehabilitation technique, on the functionality of mastectomized women. This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, carried out at the Toque de Vida Association, Fortaleza-CE, in 2021. The sample consisted of 16 women, chosen through the non-probabilistic sampling technique for convenience. Mastectomized women over 18 years old, regardless of the surgical period and excluded visually impaired women, women with upper limb amputation and previous orthopedic dysfunction. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee under Opinion number 4,886,015. After the 10th session, improvement was found in all movements evaluated, especially in extension (26.74%), adduction (20.01%) and lateral rotation of the shoulder (18.58%) of the ipsilateral limbs. The effects of hand embroidery as a motor rehabilitation technique after mastectomy were satisfactory in improving the functionality of women with mastectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Saúde Coletiva is the property of MPM Comunicacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Saúde Coletiva is the property of MPM Comunicacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Enfermagem e Atenção à Saúde (REAS) is the property of Revista de Enfermagem e Atencao a Saude - Reas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Enfermagem e Atenção à Saúde (REAS) is the property of Revista de Enfermagem e Atencao a Saude - Reas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Enfermagem Digital Cuidado e Promoção da Saúde is the property of Revista Enfermagem Digital Cuidado e Promocao da Saude and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Axillary involvement is one of the main prognostic factors in breast cancer. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology (US-FNAC) to detect axillary involvement in breast cancer and to compare with other methods of axilla assessment: axillary palpation (AP) and isolated axillary ultrasound (A-US). Methods: A retrospective accuracy study was performed using data from medical records of patients assisted at a breast cancer service in Recife, Brazil, between 2013 and 2017. A histopathological result (sentinel lymph node and/or axillary dissection) was adopted as a gold standard. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of the AP, the A-US and US-FNAC were calculated. Results: 206 tumors were analyzed. The AP was truly positive in 34.0% of the results similar values were obtained for A-US (36.4%). The lowest incidence of false negative was in the US-FNAC (16.5%). Axillary involvement was identified in 82 (39.8%) cases. The US-FNAC was performed in 79 cases, 51 (64.5%) were identified as true positive and 13 (16.5%) were false negative. When analyzing the comparative results of AP, A-US and the US-FNAC of the axilla with histopathology, it was observed that AP presented an accuracy of 69.9% (95%CI=63.1-76.1), better than the A-US, which its accuracy was 68% (95%CI=61.1-74.3). The US-FNAC showed high specificity (100%, 95%CI=81.9-100%), of PPV at 100% (95%CI=94.3-100%), but with a low NPV (53.6%, 95%CI=33.9-72.5). The best NPV was the AP (59.7%, 95%CI=50.5-68.4). The US-FNAC accuracy was 83.5% (95%CI=73.591.0). Conclusion: The good accuracy associated to the high specificity and the PPV of the US-FNAC suggests it to be a promising examination in the diagnosis of axillary involvement in breast cancer and an ally to better define therapeutic conducts.

Posttraumatic growth (PTG) refers to a positive change in some aspect of the human experience as a result of coping with adversity. This study investigated the relationship between PTG, coping styles, and event centrality, using a cross-sectional research design. The sample consisted of 65 women who had completed the recommended treatments for breast cancer (BC) and answered an online survey. High correlations were identified between PTG and event centrality, and moderate correlations between PTG and the coping styles 'problem-focused strategy', 'social support seeking', and 'religious practices'. Event centrality and problem-focused coping strategies were the best predictors of PTG. The results suggest that the greater the perceived adversity, the greater the possibility of growth, and that problem-focused coping strategies are important for the occurrence of growth in the context of BC. This study pointed to the possibility of personal growth from coping with BC and indicated effective strategies to develop it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to describe the sociodemographic data, the clinical and paraclinical manifestations, the treatment and the recurrence, in a group of patients diagnosed with papillary lesions. Methodology: analytical study of a retrospective cohort with secondary sources of information from users' medical records in the period of January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2019. The demographic, clinical and paraclinical data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: the prevalence in the sample was 4.7%; all cases were women, the mean age was 55.5 years; the most frequent reason for consultation was abnormal breast imaging examination (n=79, 54.9 %), the mean size was 1.9 cm (range 0,1-20). Disagreement was found between the diagnosis by sharp biopsy and the pathology specimen in 48.6% of cases (n=70); lesion underestimation with higher risk was found in 36.1% of them (n=52). According to the histological classification, the most frequent was intraductal papilloma in 34.7% (n=50), followed by papillary carcinoma in 11.8% (n=17). The type of surgery most performed was quadrantectomy, 68.7% (n=99). The mean follow-up was 28.5 months and relapse was found in 4.9% (n=7). Conclusion: papillary lesions comprise a heterogeneous group, with a spectrum that includes both benign lesions and those with malignant potential. The lesions affect women in their fifties. They become apparent as a small, unilateral mass, without a predominance of laterality, and of slow growth. The optimal treatment in risk lesions and with atypia is surgery with negative margins. The risk of recurrence is clinically important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To identify the occurrence of obesity, high blood pressure, and altered blood glucose levels among women with breast cancer; to evaluate the distribution of these comorbidities in relation to age, time since breast cancer diagnosis, waist circumference, hormone therapy, and chemotherapy. Cross-sectional study with 67 women with breast cancer. An instrument with sociodemographic and clinical variables, anthropometric assessments, and blood collection for fasting glucose was used. Fisher's exact test identified the relationship between qualitative variables and the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests for continuous and categorical measures. Among the participants, 34.3% were pre-obese and 29.9% had parameters of mild to severe obesity, 53.7% were hypertensive and 20.9% were diabetic. An association was found between age and arterial hypertension; waist circumference and arterial hypertension; blood glucose levels and waist circumference; body mass index and waist circumference; age and diabetes mellitus; and age and waist circumference. The assistance that includes systematized actions is recommended, integrating the assessment and care that includes breast cancer and comorbidities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to advances in cancer treatments, the survival of breast neoplasms patients has increased significantly, which requires the need to understand its psychosocial aspects. Gender differences and sexual orientation favor the occurrence of inequalities within health services. This study aimed to analyze the national and international scientific production on variables related to the health of lesbian women with breast cancer. The bibliographic survey was conducted from the LILACS, PubMed, CINAHL and PsycINFO databases. Twenty articles published from 2007 to 2017 were selected. The analysis allowed to outline the themes: physical and psychological repercussions of treatment, coping, risks of morbidity and mortality, quality of life, menopause and population-based studies. The literature explores how the disease and treatment have a different impact on the quality of life of lesbian women affected by breast cancer. This knowledge is essential to support care sensitive to the needs of minority segments of the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Paideia (0103863X) is the property of Paideia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Este artigo teve como objetivos compreender, por meio de uma leitura simbólica, os processos psíquicos que ocorrem com as mulheres acometidas pelo câncer de mama, assim como analisar as tendências de comportamento que se evidenciam na maneira como elas lidam com a questão do corpo diante desse tipo de câncer, que afeta diretamente a relação com a autoimagem. Foram realizadas nove entrevistas semiestruturadas com mulheres que ou estavam em fase de tratamento ou já haviam terminado o processo. Para ampliação dos dados obtidos, posteriormente à entrevista, foi aplicado um questionário likert chamado “Roda das deusas”. Os resultados analisados à luz da psicologia analítica mostraram que muitas mulheres relacionam o seu câncer com algum tipo de fator emocional. No que se refere à simbologia, uma leitura da análise comparada com a mitoanálise mostrou a maior pontuação das deusas Ártemis e Deméter, ambas ligadas a características de doação e de proteção do outro, deixando o cuidado com elas mesmas em segundo plano. Para futuras pesquisas na área, é importante destacar que a mitoanálise foi a vertente arquetípica utilizada, mas que esta não exclui, por exemplo, a compreensão da psicodinâmica ou questões de ordem psicossocial. Como aqui o entendimento da psique feminina foi utilizado dessa forma, o profissional que trabalhar com esse público tem um campo significativo de atuação, sendo esse conhecimento uma contribuição para uma maior compreensão sobre a dinâmica psicológica que cada mulher apresenta.

Fatores prognósticos são parâmetros possíveis de serem mensurados no momento do diagnóstico e que servem como preditor da sobrevida do paciente. Em relação ao câncer da mama feminina tem sido elevado o número de novos fatores mencionados na literatura mundial nos últimos anos. É certo que bons planejamentos terapêuticos podem ser feitos com base no estadiamento pelo TNM, na idade, na condição menopausal e, mais recentemente, na dosagem dos receptores hormonais. A inclusão de novos fatores preditivos certamente proporciona avanços que conduzem a uma seleção ainda melhor dos pacientes principalmente para terapias adjuntivas, podendo-se mesmo chegar a uma individualização da conduta terapêutica. Os estudos originais, na sua grande maioria, analisam um conjunto de fatores em populações sempre diversas, o que prejudica de certa forma uma comparação entre os mesmos. A partir de uma ampla revisão de estudos originais, contemplando os mais importantes fatores prognósticos em câncer de mama, tais como tamanho do tumor, condição dos linfonodos axilares, história familiar, grau histológico, nível sócio-econômico, idade, angiogênese, catepsina D, DNA, p53, micrometástases, receptores hormonais e c-erbB-2, os autores objetivam oferecer uma avaliação atual do conhecimento dos mesmos, buscando destacar sua importância na prática clínica diária.

Copyright of Ginecología y Obstetricia de México is the property of Federacion Mexicana de Ginecologia y Obstetricia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ginecología y Obstetricia de México is the property of Federacion Mexicana de Ginecologia y Obstetricia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Antecedentes: los tumores que se desarrollan de manera espontánea en glándula mamaria canina son considerados buenos modelos para estudio de este importante cáncer a nivel humano. Por esta razón se continúan realizando diferentes estudios que buscan recopilar información basada en pronóstico de enfermedad como estudios epidemiológicos que representan una herramienta vigente pues pretenden identificar parámetros biológicos‚ clínicopatológicos y otros que participen significativamente en desarrollo tumoral‚ así como interpretación de su relación con supervivencia de hembras caninas a través de observación de enfermedad con desenlace natural. Objetivo: evaluar supervivencia general y postquirúrgica de hembras caninas afectadas por tumores mamarios desarrollados de forma natural y determinar asociación entre supervivencia y clasificación histopatológica de tumores y características biológicas y reproductivas durante 24 meses postquirúrgicos. Métodos: se realizó estudio epidemiológico retrospectivo basado en historias clínicas de 72 hembras caninas atendidas en consulta por tumores mamarios diagnosticados y cuyo único tratamiento fue resección quirúrgica. Se evaluaron asociaciones entre supervivencia y características biológicas‚ clasificación de tumores mamarios‚ estatus reproductivo‚ presencia de partos y evolución final. Estadística con pruebas paramétricas y no paramétricas‚ Spearman y Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon. Resultados: durante primeros 30 días seguimiento murieron 8 hembras caninas (14‚28 %) disminuyendo probabilidad de supervivencia al 85‚71 %. A mitad del período de seguimiento el 44‚64 % (n = 25) de las hembras caninas habían muerto. A los 24 meses postquirúrgicos el 37‚50 % (n = 27) de las hembras caninas se encontraban vivas‚ el 15‚28 % (n = 11) fue sometido a eutanasia y el 30‚56 % (n = 22) murió por causas naturales; el 16‚67 % (n = 12) no registra información. La mediana del tiempo de evolución de la enfermedad neoplásica fue de 3‚5 meses; la mediana de supervivencia postquirúrgica fue de 18‚5 meses. Conclusiones: al final del seguimiento se encontró que la tasa de incidencia en mortalidad fue de 0‚06 casos/ paciente/mes y/o el riesgo de morir de 60‚5 casos/1000 hembras/mes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ginecología y Obstetricia de México is the property of Federacion Mexicana de Ginecologia y Obstetricia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ginecología y Obstetricia de México is the property of Federacion Mexicana de Ginecologia y Obstetricia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As células-tronco tumorais (CTTs) pertencem a uma pequena população de células dentro do tumor com propriedades de autorrenovação e diferenciação em outros tipos celulares. Neste estudo avaliou-se o comportamento tanto das porções mesenquimais quanto das epiteliais de seis carcinossarcomas (CSs), 11 carcinomas em tumores mistos (CTMs) grau I, 11 grau II e 10 grau III. Nas porções epiteliais dos CS e CTM foram observadas imunomarcações para os anticorpos CD44, CD24, Oct-4 e ALDH-1. Nas porções mesenquimais dos CS, nas porções epiteliais dos CTMs graus II e III não houve imunomarcação para o ALDH-1. Concluiu-se que as CTTs são expressas em proporções iguais tanto nas porções mesenquimais quanto nas epiteliais dos CSs e ausentes nas porções mesenquimais bem diferenciadas de CTMs.

Objective. To analyze breast cancer mortality trends in Brazilian municipalities and assess the influence of socioeconomic and demographic factors on mortality rates. Methods. Age-adjusted mortality rates were calculated for the periods centered in 1990, 2000, and 2010 and corrected for ill-defined causes of death. After that, panel data regression models were developed for analysis of the association between the factors of interest and the mortality rate from breast cancer in Brazilian municipalities. Results. A growing trend was detected in breast cancer mortality in Brazil. However, the models showed that the mortality could have decreased (negative trend), especially in the Southeast and South regions, if some associated factors (such as income, education, longevity, fertility rate, health spending, and infrastructure, among others) had remained constant during the study period. Breast cancer mortality was positively/significantly associated with longevity and negatively/significantly associated with public health spending. Mortality was higher in the South and Southeast, in municipalities with more than 500 000 inhabitants and in those with population below 5 000. Conclusions. The growth in per capita income, the increase in life expectancy, and the decrease in fertility rates may be associated with high breast cancer mortality and a trend towards increased mortality from this cancer in Brazilian municipalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To evaluate if variants in the genes CYP1A1 (T3801C and A4889G), CYP1B1 (G119T), GSTM1 (indel) and GSTT1 (indel) are associated with breast cancer (BC) among Mexican women. Materials and methods. 952 incident cases with histologically confirmed BC were matched by age (± 5 years) and zone of residence with 998 healthy population controls. Genetic variants in genes CYP1A1, CYP1B1, GSTM1 and GSTT1were genotyped by allelic discrimination and multiplex PCR. In a subsample of women, 105 markers for ancestry were determined. Results. An increased BC risk, independent of other BC risk factors, was observed among carriers of CYP1B1 G119T genotype (T/T vs. G/G: OR=1.9; 95%CI 1.4-2.5). Conclusion. Our results support the existence of genetic susceptibility for BC conferred by CYP1B1 G119T variant among Mexican women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the most frequent malignant tumors in women and is the main carcinoma leading cutaneous metastasis (CMs), excluding melanoma. Objectives: To present a literature review about CMs from breast cancer and to show the mainly clinical forms. Discussion: CMs can present different skin manifestations, but single or multiple papulonodular erythematosus infiltrate are the most common, generally located in the underlying skin or close to the primary tumor area. Tumor cells reach the skin through three dissemination forms--hematogeneus, lymphatic, and contiguity--. Breast carcinomas normally disseminate through lymphatic via and reach close skin zones; thus, breast CMs mainly allocate in the thorax skin. Conclusions: CMs can be the initial manifestation of a cancer or a sign of its recurrence. There must be a high level of suspicion because its clinical polymorphism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este estudo teve como objetivos determinar os tumores mais prevalentes em gatos e relacionar os tumores mamários a alguns de seus fatores prognósticos. Os arquivos do Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária (LPV) da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) foram revisados e um total de 1.427 protocolos de biopsias e necropsias de felinos, entre 2000 e 2011, foi encontrado. Com base nas informações dos arquivos, foi estabelecida a relação entre os tumores e alguns fatores como sexo, idade, raça, estado reprodutivo, uso de contraceptivos, número e localização das glândulas afetadas, ulcerações, tamanho do neoplasma, metástases distantes e para os linfonodos. Assim, observou-se que os tumores de mama foram o segundo diagnóstico mais prevalente, após os tumores de pele. Todos os gatos com tumores mamários eram fêmeas, sendo os sem raça definida e os idosos os mais afetados. Os neoplasmas malignos foram diagnosticados com maior frequência, seguidos pelos tumores não neoplásicos e pelos neoplasmas benignos. Os tumores menores eram, na sua maioria, carcinomas. Ulcerações estavam presentes não só em neoplasmas malignos, mas também em alterações não neoplásicas. Metástases distantes foram encontradas principalmente nos pulmões e na pele.This study aimed to determine the most prevalent mammary tumors in cats and associate them to some prognostic factors. The files from the Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária (LPV) of the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) were reviewed, and 1.427 feline biopsies and autopsy protocols between the years 2000 and 2011 were found. Based on the information retrieved from the files, a relationship was established among the tumors and some prognostic factors such as sex, age, breed, reproductive status, use of contraceptives, number and location of affected glands, ulcers, size of the neoplasm, distant metastases, and affected lymph nodes. Thus, it was observed that mammary cancer is the second most prevalent diagnosis, following skin tumors. All cats with mammary tumors were female, being the elderly and mixed breed the most affected. Malignant neoplasms were the most frequently diagnosed, followed by non-neoplastic tumors, and benign neoplasms. Smaller tumors were mostly carcinomas. Ulcerations were present not only in malignant neoplasms but also in non-neoplastic changes. Distant metastases were found mainly to the lungs and skin.

Os tumores mamários são neoplasias comuns em diversas espécies, sendo os processos oncológicos de maior incidência em cães. A elevada frequência e agressividade desses processos justificam a busca de métodos diagnósticos e prognósticos rápidos, de custo reduzido e menor invasividade, visando a uma abordagem cirúrgica e terapêutica adequada. O presente estudo avaliou a adequação da utilização da técnica de cell block de agarose como método diagnóstico complementar aos esfregaços tradicionais no diagnóstico desses processos. Para tanto, foram obtidas 51 amostras citológicas de tumores mamários de 30 cadelas que passaram por excisão tumoral no HOVET-UMESP, comparando-se os resultados obtidos a partir dos esfregaços, de cell blocks, e de sua associação (esfregaços cell blocks-1) com o diagnóstico histopatológico. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos mediante a associação dos métodos, reduzindo os resultados falso-negativos e elevando a correlação cito-histológica, reforçando a importância da citologia na rotina oncológica veterinária.The breast tumors are common neoplasms in several species, with high incidence in dogs. The high frequency and aggressiveness of these cases justifies the search for rapid, low cost and less invasive diagnostic methods, seeking for surgical approach and appropriate therapy. This study evaluated the appropriateness of the use of the agarose cell block technique as a diagnostic tool to complement traditional smears in the diagnosis of these processes. Therefore, it was obtained 51 samples from 30 dogs with breast tumors that underwent tumoral excision at the HOVET-UMESP, comparing the results obtained from smears, cell blocks, alone and in association (smears cell blocks-1), with the histopathologic diagnosis. The best results were obtained with the association of smears and cell block analysis, reducing the false negative results and increasing the cyto-histological correlation, reinforcing the importance of the use of cytology in routine veterinary oncology.

O objetivo foi realizar um estudo clínico e epidemiológico de neoplasias mamárias em cadelas, considerando-se histórico reprodutivo, exame físico, diagnóstico histopatológico e imunoistoquímico. Utilizaram-se 60 neoplasias mamárias, divididas em grupos (grupo 1 - benigno, e grupo 2 - maligno). Avaliaram-se dados do histórico reprodutivo, o exame físico e achados histopatológicos e imunoistoquímicos para fator de crescimento endotelial vascular. Ao estudo do histórico reprodutivo, encontraram-se 90% dos animais com irregularidade de cio, 86,63% das cadelas não foram medicadas com contraceptivos e 83,33% não eram castradas. Ao exame físico, não foi verificada diferença (p>0,05) entre grupos ao se avaliar consistência das massas, regularidade da superfície tumoral e localização anatômica dos tumores. Quanto ao tamanho das massas, verificou-se diferença entre os grupos (p=0,0077), com 0,78±1,13cm para o grupo 1 e 1,81±2,29cm para o grupo 2. Diagnosticaram-se 40% de massas benignas e 60% de malignas, de acordo com os tipos de neoplasias. Para VEGF, verificaram-se valores médios de 2,22±0,89 para tumores malignos e 1,66±0,91 para benignos, com diferença entre grupos (p=0,0315). As neoplasias mamárias em cadelas não apresentam características de histórico reprodutivo e de exame clínico que auxiliem o diagnóstico diferencial, sendo a histopatologia o único método para conclusão do diagnóstico e a imunoistoquímica podendo ser utilizada para prognóstico da lesão.

A avaliação de linfonodo, parte importante do estadiamento das neoplasias mamárias em cadelas, pode auxiliar no estabelecimento do prognóstico e na escolha da conduta terapêutica. A ultrassonografia em modo B possibilita avaliação de tamanho, contorno, borda, forma, arquitetura, ecotextura e ecogenicidade do parênquima dos linfonodos e, em modo Doppler, da quantidade e distribuição dos seus vasos internos. Este trabalho visou identificar as características ultrassonográficas mais importantes utilizadas para classificar os linfonodos em metastáticos e não-metastáticos, estabelecer elementos de confiabilidade do ultrassom como ferramenta para diferenciar linfonodos metastáticos de não-metastáticos e estabelecer procedimentos de reprodução deste exame. Foram examinados 67 linfonodos inguinais superficiais de 30 cadelas com tumor mamário e cada linfonodo foi classificado como metastático ou não-metastático. A impressão diagnóstica ultrassonográfica foi associada aos resultados do exame histopato lógico dos linfonodos obtendo-se taxa de concordância de 92,5%, índice de sensibilidade de 94,1%, índice de especificidade de 92%, valor preditivo positivo de 0,8 e valor preditivo negativo de 0,9787. Características ultrassonográficas que classificaram um linfonodo como metastático ou como não-metastático foram listadas. O exame ultrassonográfico dos linfonodos regionais constitui importante ferramenta na detecção de metástase e sugere-se incluí-lo como rotina do estadiamento de neoplasias mamárias em cadelas.

As neoplasias mamárias são as mais frequentes em cadelas, representando 25 a 30% do total das afecções neoplásicas das fêmeas caninas. Durante a carcinogênese ocorrem várias modificações na expressão de proteínas, como a Cyr61, envolvida na proliferação celular e na angiogênese. Assim, este estudo teve por objetivo determinar o perfil de expressão dessa proteína, por meio da técnica de imunoistoquímica, em glândulas mamárias normais e neoplásicas de cadelas. Para tal, foram selecionados 10 casos de cada um dos diagnósticos: adenoma simples, carcinoma complexo e carcinoma simples sólido, além de 10 fragmentos de glândulas mamárias normais, perfazendo o total de 40 fragmentos. O anticorpo policlonal anti-Cyr61 apresentou marcação em células epiteliais mamárias normais, evidenciando seu papel nos mecanismos de apoptose e proliferação celular. Houve ainda acentuada imunomarcação em tecidos mamários normais e com adenomas, e marcação discreta em carcinomas, diferente do padrão de expressão observado no tecido mamário de mulheres. A expressão constitutiva da proteína Cyr61 foi demonstrada no tecido mamário canino, constituindo uma alternativa de investigação neoplásica para as alterações mamárias de cadelas.Mammary glands are the most usual sites of tumors in bitches, representing 25 to 30% of all types of cancer. During cancer genesis, several genetic changes alter the expression of different proteins like Cyr61, a peptide involved in cell proliferation and angiogenesis. This work aimed to determine through immunohistochemistry the expression profile of Cyr61 in normal and neoplastic mammary glands from bitches. So, 10 cases of each diagnose were selected: simple adenoma, complex carcinoma, simple solid carcinoma and fragments of normal mammary glands, in a total of 40 cases. Sections were subjected to immunohistochemistry, employing primary antibodies directed Cyr61. Cyr61 labeling of normal mammary epithelial cells is probably linked to its role in apoptosis and cellular proliferation. The labeling was more intense in normal and adenoma fragments and was discrete in the labeling malignant tumor sections, a different feature of expression from previously reports in human breast cancer. Immunohistochemical analysis with polyclonal antibody Cyr61 demonstrated the constitutive expression of the protein and contributed to neoplastic research alternative for tumors in bitches.

OBJETIVO: relatar uma série de três casos de uma normal variation conhecida como músculo esternal simulando lesão mamária. MÉTODOS: a suspeita diagnóstica foi feita a partir do quadro clínico, achados no exame físico e aspectos de imagem, sendo confirmada por meio de métodos de imagem seccionais, como tomografia computadorizada (TC) e ressonância magnética (RM). Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura no banco de dados Medline e em livros-texto de radiologia mamária sobre os aspectos anatômicos, clínicos e de imagem do músculo esternal. RESULTADOS: três pacientes do sexo feminino, sem queixas, que apresentaram lesões mamárias de aspecto nodular na projeção dos quadrantes mediais (duas em exame mamográfico de rotina e uma em TC). O diagnóstico de músculo esternal foi confirmado por meio de RM de mamas ou TC de tórax, demonstrando imagem alongada, localizada na região paraesternal esquerda, adjacente ao músculo peitoral. CONCLUSÕES: o músculo esternal é uma variante não usual da musculatura da parede torácica, presente em cerca de 2 a 8% da população. O conhecimento dessa entidade é fundamental, pois pode simular nódulo mamário.PURPOSE: to report a series of three cases of a normal variation known as sternal muscle, simulating a breast lesion. METHODS: the diagnostic suspicion was based on the clinical picture, findings in the physical examination and imaging, being confirmed by sectional imaging methods such as computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A review of the literature has been made in the data Medline and in breast radiology textbooks about the anatomic, clinical and imaging aspects of the sternal muscle. RESULTS: three female patients, without complaints, who presented nodular breast lesions in the medial quadrants projection (two in a routine mammographic exam and one in a computerized tomography). The diagnosis of sternal muscle was confirmed through breast MRI or through thoracic CT, showing an elongated image in the left parasternal region, adjacent to the breast muscle. CONCLUSIONS: the sternal muscle is an unusual variation of the muscles of the thoracic wall, present in about 2 to 8% of the population. The knowledge of this entity is crucial, as it can simulate a breast node.