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Pattersoniella vitiphila Foissner, 1987 Distribution. BRAZIL: Paran�� River between the Nupelia���s Field Station and the district of Porto S��o Jos��, S��o Pedro do Paran�� (Buosi et al. 2014 b, 2015), (Ad). DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: (Foissner et al. 2003). MEXICO: Reserve of the Biosphere Chamela-Cuixmala (Dur��n-Ram��rez & May��n-Estrada 2018), (Bk, Td, Tr). Genus Rigidocortex Berger, 1999, Published as part of Dur��n-Ram��rez, Carlos Alberto, Dias, Roberto J��nio Pedroso & Estrada, Rosaura May��n-, 2020, Checklist of ciliates (Alveolata: Ciliophora) that inhabit in bromeliads from the Neotropical Region, pp. 1-36 in Zootaxa 4895 (1) on page 11, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4321437, {"references":["Buosi, P. R. B., Utz, L. R. P., de Meira, B. R., Segovia da Silva, B. T., Lansac-Toha, F. M., Lansac-Toha, F. A. L. & Velho, L. F. M. (2014 b) Rainfall influence on species composition of the ciliate community inhabiting bromeliad phytotelmata. Zoological Studies, 53, 1 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 40555 - 014 - 0032 - 4","Buosi, P. R. B., Cabral, A. F., Utz, L. R. P., Vieira, L. C. G. & Velho, L. F. M. (2015) Effects of seasonality and dispersal on the ciliate community inhabiting bromeliad phytotelmata in riparian vegetation of a large tropical river. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 62 (6), 737 - 749. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jeu. 12232","Foissner, W., Struder-Kypke, M., van der Staay, G., Moon-van der Staay, S. & Hackstein, J. (2003) Endemic ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from tank bromeliads (Bromeliaceae): a combined morphological, molecular, and ecological study. European Journal of Protistology, 39, 365 - 372. https: // doi. org / 10.1078 / 0932 - 4739 - 00005","Duran-Ramirez, C. A. & Mayen-Estrada, R. (2018) Ciliate species from tank-less bromeliads in a dry tropical forest and their geographical distribution in the Neotropics. Zootaxa, 4497 (2), 241 - 257. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4497.2.5"]}

Species from almost all classes of ciliates are prone to be found inhabiting bromeliads in the Neotropics, from Mexico to Brazil, and the Antilles. Studies of ciliates recorded from bromeliads have been carried out from few bromeliad species, mainly in tropical forest. We compiled all available data of free living and sessile ciliates from bromeliads, including their geographic distribution and bromeliad identity. We provide a list of 170 ciliate species that have been recorded in 52 epiphytic and terrestrial bromeliad species, distributed in ten Neotropical countries . Most of the species belong to the Classes Oligohymenophorea, Colpodea and Spirotrichea. The largest number of ciliate species has been recorded in Brazil and Mexico. Bromeliothrix metopoides and Glaucomides bromelicola were the two species with the widest geographical distribution, 19 species have been recorded only in Mexico, 11 in the Antillean islands, and 89 only in Southamerica. Free living species prevailed over sessile species, and both represent 2% of the total ciliate species number. Sixteen ciliate species have been recorded only inhabiting in bromeliads. Although bromeliads show a high endemicity, their specificity is low in relation to ciliates.

Pattersoniella vitiphila Foissner, 1987b Foissner, W. 1987b. Zool. Beitr. N. F. 31(2):187–282. Habitat. Alluvial soil, soil, tank bromeliads. Distribution. Brazil: Paraná, Nupélia Field Station near Porto São José (22°45’04.27’’S 53°15’43.82’’W); São Pedro do Paraná (22°43’16.90’’S 53°10’ 10.85’’W). Dominican Republic: (18°28’N 69°56’W). Venezuela: Aragua, Henri Pittier National Park (10°30’00.05’’N 67°37’33.64’’W). References. Buosi et al. 2014; Foissner 2016; Foissner et al. 2003., Published as part of Durán-Ramírez, Carlos Alberto & Mayén-Estrada, Rosaura, 2018, Ciliate species from tank-less bromeliads in a dry tropical forest and their geographical distribution in the Neotropics, pp. 241-257 in Zootaxa 4497 (2) on page 252, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4497.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/1452159, {"references":["Foissner, W. (1987 b) Neue und wenig bekannte hypotriche und colpodide Ciliaten (Protozoa: Ciliophora) aus Boden und Moosen. Zoologische Beitragen N. F., 31 (2), 187 - 282.","Buosi, P. R. B., Utz, L. R. P., de Meira, B. R., Segovia da Silva, B. T., Lansac-Toha, F. M., Lansac-Toha, F. A. L. & Velho, L. F. M. (2014) Rainfall influence on species composition of the ciliate community inhabiting bromeliad phytotelmata. Zoological Studies, 53, 1 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 40555 - 014 - 0032 - 4","Foissner, W. (2016) Terrestrial and semiterrestrial ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from Venezuela and Galapagos. Denisia, 35, 1 - 912.","Foissner, W., Struder-Kypke, M., van der Staay, G., Moon-van der Staay, S. & Hackstein, J. (2003) Endemic ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from tank bromeliads (Bromeliaceae): a combined morphological, molecular, and ecological study. European Journal of Protistology, 39, 365 - 372. https: // doi. org / 10.1078 / 0932 - 4739 - 00005"]}

Yang, Caiting, Liu, An, Xu, Yusen, Xu, Yuan, Fan, Xinpeng, Al-Farraj, Saleh A., Ni, Bing, Gu, Fukang (2015): Phylogenetic positions of four hypotrichous ciliates (Protista, Ciliophora) based on SSU rRNA gene, with notes on their morphological characters. Zootaxa 4000 (4): 451-463, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4000.4.4

Pattersoniella vitiphila Foissner, 1987 (Figure 2 A���G; Table 1) This species was originally described in terms of both living morphology and infraciliature by Foissner (1987). Chinese population shows some variation in morphometric data, thus a redescription was supplied here. Morphological description of Chinese population: Cells in vivo 310-360 �� 140-180 ��m, broadly elliptical in outline, with ratio of length to width approximately 2: 1 (Fig. 2 A, B). Body inflexible, but very fragile when observed under microscope on a slide. Cortical granules lacking. Cell dark brown in color, different sized food vacuoles containing algae or small ciliates. Buccal field about 2 / 5 ��� 1 / 2 of body length. Basal fibers of cirri and membranelles of adoral zone detectable in vivo (Fig. 2 C, D) and after staining (Fig. 2 E). 21���35 ellipsoidal macronuclear nodules, each about 20 �� 15 ��m in size, located in the cell mid-line irregularly. One contractile vacuole detectable at anterior third and near dorsal side, with diameter about 27 ��m (Fig. 2 B). A forming cyst observed, spherical, about 100 ��m across. Locomotion by swimming moderately fast or crawling relatively slow on bottom of Petri dishes or on debris. Ventral infraciliature as shown in Fig. 2 G. Frontal cirri and buccal cirri distinctly enlarged, about 37 ��m long. Transverse cirri, about 35 ��m in length, arranged roughly in a J-shaped row in posterior region of cell, only posterior-most reaching posterior end of body. Length of marginal cirri about 20���24 ��m. Invariably three caudal cirri. Dorsal cilia arranged altogether about 15 kineties on average, only three or four of them about body length. Two associated fibers of each dorsal dikinetid visible after staining, about 14 ��m long (Fig. 2 F). Remarks: The original population from Fiji Island has 13���18 (14.6 on average) ventral cirri in normal specimens and 18���20 (18.7 on average) cirri in giant specimens that present after culture. Our population has 18��� 27 (21.3 on average) ventral cirri and larger size which shows the similarities with the giant specimens of original population (Foissner 1987). The number of cirri might be closely related to the body size., Published as part of Yang, Caiting, Liu, An, Xu, Yusen, Xu, Yuan, Fan, Xinpeng, Al-Farraj, Saleh A., Ni, Bing & Gu, Fukang, 2015, Phylogenetic positions of four hypotrichous ciliates (Protista, Ciliophora) based on SSU rRNA gene, with notes on their morphological characters, pp. 451-463 in Zootaxa 4000 (4) on page 456, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4000.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/245715, {"references":["Foissner, W. (1987) Neue und wenig bekannte hypotriche und colpodide Ciliaten (Protozoa: Ciliophora) aus Boden und Moosen. Zoologische Beitraege, 31, 187 - 282."]}