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This article presents a publication project concerning the terracottas in the Yale Babylonian Collection that began in 2018, suspended by the pandemic, and resumed in 2022. After defining the difficulties and the methodology, it presents an overview of the study and concludes by describing the publication plan.

Geçmişe yönelik birikimiyle kültürel açıdan birçok ilklere tanıklık eden Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi'nde son zamanlarda başlatılan yoğun arkeolojik çalışmalarla, küresel uygarlığın her aşamasında gelişimine tanıklık eden verileriyle dikkatleri üzerine çekmektedir. Bilimsel etkinliklere konu olmuş alanlarda elde edilen veriler, bölgenin tarihsel ve kültürel önemini belgeler niteliktedir. Özellikle Dicle ile hayat bulan konumuyla Diyarbakır ve Batman yöresi, gün ışığına çıkarılan toprak derinliğindeki kültürel varlıklarıyla genelde Mezopotamya, özelde Anadolu kültür tarihinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Arkeolojik kazılarla ortaya çıkarılan ve tarihinin her evresine tanıklık eden değerleri ile bu coğrafyanın ve Anadolu'nun kültürel dokusunun algılanmasına katkıları tartışılmazdır. Ilısu baraj projesi çerçevesinde gerçekleştirilen arkeolojik kazı ve çalışmalardan biri olan Gre Abdurrahman, yazıtlar ışığında bölgede varlığı algılanan Asur'un diğer yerleşimlerle birlikte, somut arkeolojik kanıtlarla kavranması açısından önemli veriler sunmuştur. Yukarı Dicle Vadisi'nde, Dicle Nehri'nin kıyılarına kurulmuş çok sayıdaki yerleşim biriminden birisi olan Gre Abdurrahman, bölgede yakın çevresindeki bilinen yerleşmelerle bulguları ve kalıntılarıyla ortak özellikler içermektedir. Su taşkınlarından dolayı büyük oranda tahribat görse de bulguların karakteri, Gre Abdurrahman'ın Asur İmparatorluk Dönemi'nde kurulmuş ya da önem kazanmaya başlamış tarımsal koloni yerleşimi olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Gre Abdurrahman Höyüğü, Yukarı Dicle Vadisi olarak tanımlanan bölgenin, diğer bir tanımlamayla Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi'nin Demir Çağındaki sosyo-kültürel ve sosyo-ekonomik yapısının algılanmasına kendi açısından önemli katkılar sağlayacaktır. 2009-2010-2011 yılları arasında Prof. Dr. Vecihi ÖZKAYA Bilimsel danışmanlığında kazısı yapılan ve önemli sonuçlar elde edilen höyüğün arşivlenmiş bütün verileri değerlendirme kapsamına alınacak; fiziki kayıtlar ile dijital belgelemeler yoluyla elde edilen ham veriler; nicelik ve nitelik açısından özelliklerine göre tasnif, tanım ve değerlendirmeye tabi tutulacaktır. Elde edilecek veriler, bölgede ve Anadolu genelinde bilinenlerle karşılaştırılarak kapsamlı bütünlüğe kavuşturulacaktır. Bu yöntemle birçok açıdan bilinmezliğini koruyan Asur ve Yeni Asur uygarlıklarına yeni yaklaşımlar getirilecektir. The Southeastern Anatolia Region, which has bear witnessed many initials in terms of culture with its retrospective accumulation, attracts attention with its data observed the development of global civilization at every stage, with the intense archaeological studies that have been started recently. The data obtained in the areas that have been the subject of scientific activities document the historical and cultural importance of the region. Diyarbakır and Batman regions where especially with their location on the Tigris, have an important place in the cultural history of Mesopotamia in general and Anatolia in particular, with their cultural assets unearthed from in the depth of the soil. The contribution of this geography to the perception of Anatolia's cultural texture is indisputable, with its values unearthed through archaeological excavations and witnessing every phase of its history. Gre Abdurrahman, one of the archaeological excavations and studies carried out within the scope of the Ilısu dam project, provided important data in terms of understanding Assyria, whose presence in the region was perceived in the light of the inscriptions, together with other settlements, with concrete archaeological evidence. Gre Abdurrahman, one of the many settlements established on the banks of the Tigris River in the Upper Tigris Valley, has common features with the archaeological finds and remains of the known settlements in the region. Even though it was greatly destroyed by floods, the characterial form of the discovers revealed that Gre Abdurrahman was an agricultural colonial settlement that was established or began to gain importance during the Assyrian Imperial Age. Gre Abdurrahman mound will make significant contributions to the perception of the Iron age socio-cultural and socio-economic structure of the region, defined as the Upper Tigris Valley, in the other words the Southeast Anatolian region. Between the years of 2009-2010-2011 all archived data of the mound, which has excavated under the scientific consultancy of Prof. Dr. Vecihi ÖZKAYA and which gained important results, will be included in the evaluation; raw data obtained through physical records and digital documentation will be classified, defined and evaluated according to their quantative and qualitative features. The data to be obtained will be comprehensively formed completeness by comparing them with what is known in the region and throughout Anatolia. With this method, new approaches will be brought to the Assyrian and Neo-Assyrian civilizations, which remain obscure in many respects.

D��r-��arru-k��n est la ville nouvelle la mieux document��e de la M��sopotamie ancienne, �� la fois par des sources arch��ologiques et ��crites. Sont ��tudi��es ici 8 tablettes cun��iformes, qui constituent des �� comptes de construction ��. Elles r��v��lent que les chantiers avaient ��t�� divis��s en secteurs, chacun sous la responsabilit�� d���un gouverneur de province charg�� de fournir personnel et mat��riaux. Elles permettent aussi de pr��ciser le sens de plusieurs termes architecturaux akkadiens., D��r-��arru-k��n is the best documented new city in ancient Mesopotamia, based on both archaeological and written sources. Eight cuneiform tablets detailing ���construction accounts��� are studied here. They reveal that building sites were divided into sectors, each under the responsibility of a provincial governor tasked with supplying personnel and materials. They also allow us to clarify the meaning of several Akkadian architectural terms.

This paper deals with a topic hardly studied by our fellow scholars: the management of casualties during the aftermath of a victorious battle for the Neo-Assyrians. The paper will propose a typology of casualties according to different points of their different kinds of status, plus some questions on some problems still encountered by modern soldiers nowadays.

The paper addresses the question of multilingualism and linguistic diversity in the ancient Near East from an emic perspective, elucidating the significance of these themes in the political rhetoric of three Near Eastern rulers who evoke them in their inscriptions: Yariri of Karkamiš (early 8th century BC), Sargon II of Assyria (late 8th century BC), and Aššurbanipal of Assyria (7th century BC). I argue that in political rhetoric the themes of multilingualism and linguistic diversity served the purpose of describing the world order, mapping political power, and conceptualizing ethnicity.

This paper aims to analyse some social dynamics which occurred during the late Iron Age in the Syro‑Anatolian region from a particular point of view, i.e. that of clay figurine finds. The coroplastic production under consideration is a uniform corpus composed of two main subjects: the Handmade Syrian Horse and Riders (HSHR’s) and the Syrian Pillar Figurines (SPF’s). These figurines are inscribed within the Middle Euphrates coroplastic tradition with Karkemish as the primary productive centre. They are attested since the mid‑eighth century BC, reaching a peak during the seventh century BC, a historical period corresponding to the Neo‑Assyrian expansion in the Northern Levant. The close relationship among these figurines with social changes which took place with the Neo-Assyrian political and military influence is here presented through different aspects. On one hand, throughout the contextual study both in productive and widespread regions, contexts provide interesting data on the use of these artefacts and the involvement of the local populations in activities supporting the Neo-Assyrian Empire. On the other hand, the gradual acculturation of the Assyrian reality to local traditions is further attested through the iconographic analysis of figurines. A remarkable “Assyrianization” is observable in their costumes and decorations both on human and animal subjects.

This article edits three Neo-Babylonian slave-sale documents found in Nineveh that form the dossier of Ubāru. The background of this Babylonian individual is uncertain, but we make some educated guesses about his identity, Este artículo presenta tres documentos neobabilónicos de venta de esclavos hallados en Nínive, que forman parte del dosier de Ubāru. El trasfondo de este personaje babilonio es incierto, pero podemos hacer algunas conjeturas acerca de su identidad

The article takes a closer look at an exceptional Neo-Assyrian text, the so-called “bird text”. The context and the actual meaning remains an open question, but certain features of the tablet reveal information about the netherworld, El artículo mira de cerca a un texto neoasirio excepcional, el llamando “texto del ave”. El contexto y el significado actual permanecen como cuestión abierta, pero ciertas características de la tabilla revelan información sobre el Mundo Inferior

Uma das peças mais atractivas da colecção do Museu Calouste Gulbenkian é um dos baixos-relevos que cobriam as paredes do palácio de Aššurnasirpal II, rei da Assíria, no século IX a. C. Como todos os quase 200 baixos-relevos que ornamentavam o palácio, contêm uma inscrição cuneiforme em assírio, chamada A inscrição standard de Aššurnasirpal II. Neste trabalho, apresentamos a tradução directa dessa inscrição a partir do baixo-relevo da colecção Gulbenkian. Incluímos a tradução portuguesa e inglesa assim como a transcrição e transliteração. Não pretendemos fazer uma edição crítica, embora tivéssemos em atenção outras edições da Inscrição Standard., The Assyrian bas-relief in the Gulbenkian´s Museum is one of its ex-libris. That is one of the 200 bas-relief that covered the walls of Aššurnasirpal II palace in Nimrud. He was King of Assyria in the 9th century BC. This bas-relief like most of those covering the palace walls, displays a cuneiform inscription called The Standard Inscription of Aššurnasirpal II. This paper presents a direct translation from the Gulbenkianǯs bas-relief. We include the cuneiform transcription and transliteration as well as English and Portuguese translations. This is not a critical edition, but we compared with other editions of the Standard Inscription. mind other editions.

Vehicles that we know as chariot today first appeared in Mesopotamia 3000 B.C. in Summerians. The wooden body of the chariots were covered with animal leather. ln the middle of the 3000 B.C the arrows of the chariots were different from the four wheeled chariots plain arrows. Four horses which drove these chariots were harnessed in order to advance easier and go faster. As a result of these developments a new type of charoit that were very significiant for ancient world history came out. Assyrian chariots were constituting the basic and most remarkable arm of the army. The oldest chariot depiction known was depicted on a cylindrical seal that dates back to ’Ninurta-Tukulti-Aššur (B.C 1133). Later it is possible to see chariot depictions on a white obelisk dates back to Assurnasirpal l. (B.C 1050-1032) period and on broken wall painting dates back to Tukulti-Ninurta ll. (B.C 888-884) period. Howover, viewing palace reliefs dating back to Assurnasirpal (B.C 883-859) period made possible the first systematical studies related to Assyrian chariots. Assyrian chariots which were big and driven by four horses, basicaly were used for sudden attacks. These type of chariots were inspired and developed by taking example multi-purpose older and less heavy chariots used for scout, transportation and sudden attack. Chariots, when the restrictions and weightness over them were taken away, gave heavly armed elite troops opportunity to professionalise in fast and mobile attacks. Chariots and chariot troops were especially responsible for attacking and destroying enemies' imfantry formations and at the same time they were responsible for fighting against seiged castle's defenders., Bugün bildiğimiz tarzdaki iki tekerlekli savaş arabaları ise tarihte ilk kez Mezopotamya’da M.Ö. 3000 yılında Sümerler’de görülmüştür. Bu arabaların tahtadan olan gövdeleri hayvan derileriyle kaplıydı. M.Ö. 3.bin yılın ortalarında arabaların oku, daha öncesi dört tekerlekli araçların düz okuna göre değişmeye başladı. Daha kolay yol alma ve daha büyük hız elde etme amacıyla, bunları çeken dört atın sırtına koşum kayışları takıldı. Bu gelişmeler sonunda eski dünyanın tarihinde büyük önem taşıyan bir savaş aracı doğdu. Assur savaş arabaları, ordunun dikkat çekici ve esas kolunu oluşturmaktaydı. Assurlular’ da bilinen en eski iki tekerlekli savaş arabası tasviri Ninurta-Tukulti-Aššur’a (MÖ 1133) ait silindir mühür üzerinde resmedilmiştir. Daha sonra I. Assurnasirpal (MÖ 1050-1032) Dönemine ait Beyaz Dikili Taş üzerinde yer alan tasvirde ve II. Tukulti-Ninurta (MÖ 888-884) Dönemine ait olan parçalanmış bir duvar resminde de savaş arabalarını görmemiz mümkündür. Ancak Assur iki tekerlekli savaş arabaları üzerine yapılan ilk sistematik çalışmalar II. Assurnasirpal (MÖ 883-859) Dönemi saray kabartmalarının incelenmesiyle mümkün olmuştur. Büyük ve dört atlı olan Assur savaş arabaları, temel olarak ani baskın için kullanılmaktaydı. Bunlar; çok amaçlı keşif, sevkiyat ve ani baskın araçları olarak kullanılan daha eski ve hafif araçlardan geliştirilmişti. Savaş arabaları, üzerlerindeki ağırlık ve kısıtlamaların ortadan kaldırılmasıyla aynı zamanda ağır olarak silahlandırılmış elit birliklere hızlı ve hareketli saldırma konusunda uzmanlaşabilme imkânını sunmuştur. Savaş arabaları ve arabalı birlikler; özellikle düşmanın piyade düzenine saldırıp onları bozguna uğratmak ve aynı zamanda kuşatılmış kale savunanlarına karşı da savaşmakla yükümlüydüler.

none 2 no This paper analyzes the pottery assemblage from the palatial contexts excavated in area C at Karkemish between 2011 and 2014. The aim is to understand the degree to which either slow or abrupt socio-political changes occurred between Iron Age I and Iron Age III at the site could be reflected in the material culture. A substantial continuity in the ceramic shapes from the Neo Hittite to the Neo Assyrian occupations has been observed, while changes can be mostly detected through the quantitative occurrence of certain types. Sara, Pizzimenti; Federico, Zaina Sara, Pizzimenti; Federico, Zaina

2-s2.0-85006124221 The city of Kahramanmaraş, in southeastern Turkey (ancient Marqasi), was the capital of the Luwian kingdom of Gurgum, annexed by Šarru-ukn (Sargon) II to the Assyrian empire in 711 BCE. Four tablets stemming from diggings at the city fortress and its environs are presented here: two of them were previously published in Gökçek 2005, the other two were previously unpublished. Three of them are kept at the newly established Erimtan Museum of Archaeology and Art (Ankara). The tablets record slave sales, and are dated to the reign of Aššur-b?ni-apli (Ashurbanipal) (r. 668-c. 630 BCE) and, perhaps, the reign of Aššurahhe- iddina (Esarhaddon) (r. 681-669 BCE). The texts contain a number of previously unattested personal names, some of them of clear Luwian extraction. In addition, they attest to the existence of a sanctuary to the god Nergal (perhaps identified with the Luwian god Runtiya) in Marqasi.

The object of this thesis is, as the title indicates, the typology and the evolution of the Neo-Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian temple structures, in the imperial capitals and the major provincial centers. I choose this subject because the archaeological literature has dealt only marginally the templar architecture of this period, usually only within works about the all Mesopotamian temple architecture, or even about the Mesopotamian architecture in general. It was defined a clear chronological period within which the temples was choose. So these are the temples that have been discovered, mostly, in the southern part (Babylon) and northern (Assyria) of Mesopotamia and dating back to the first millennium BC It is obvious that the main texts of reference were those written by the archaeologists who excavated the sites in question. For this reason it has been inevitable the analysis of different excavation reports and subsequent publications. Starting from this literature I have analyzed the temple architecture, not omitting, however, the historical context that has its own importance. In this work will be investigated a number of aspects of the temples. The layout of various temples will be studied and described in order to try to determine the elements or characteristics common and shared between them. Along with the layout of the buildings, the cult furnishings found in the temples will be studied, always with the aim of determining the common elements, and / or differences between the cult furniture of the various structures. The aim is to analyze the architecture of this period in relation to all the archaeological finds (decoration, inscriptions, objects and installations), as part of an organized space, with the goal of understanding the spatial organization and layout of the temples. In addition I would like to show that the temple in the first millennium BC is much more than just a place of worship. For this reason, in addition to chapters on the temples and their architecture, one will be dedicated to libraries and archives, and another to templar economy. The method of presentation will be as follows. The thesis is divided into eight chapters, plus the annexes and images. All these were then divided into two volumes; the first volume contains the eight chapters and the second for the annexes and the

Die Dissertation behandelt die neuassyrische und spätbabylonische Glyptik, die von 1978–2008 in der Unterstadt II von Tall Šēḫ Ḥamad (NO-Syrien) ausgegraben wurde. Der Ort ist mit dem assyrischen Provinzzentrum Dūr-Katlimmu identisch, für das im 7. Jh. v. Chr. parallel der aramäische Name Magdalu bezeugt ist. Das bearbeitete Korpus besteht aus über 1500 Funden (Siegel, gesiegelte Texte, gesiegelte Tonverschlüsse) mit über 500 verschiedenen Siegelbildern. Die ununterbrochene stratigraphische Sequenz der Mittleren Unterstadt II beginnt mit ihrer Gründung im 10./ 9. Jh. v. Chr. und umfasst bis zum 6. Jh. v. Chr. drei Vollbesiedlungsphasen. Einmalige assyrische Keilschrifttexte, die in die Jahre 2/3 und 5 der Regierungszeit des babylonischen Königs Nebukadnezar II. datiert sind, und der archäologische Befund belegen, dass die Stadt den Fall des Neuassyrischen Reiches (612 v. Chr.) unbeschadet überstand und zur Zeit des spätbabylonischen Reiches (611–539 v. Chr.) unter der Führung assyrischer Eliten uneingeschränkt weiter funktionierte. Da die Flächengrabung in Tall Šēḫ Ḥamad auf die systematische Erfassung und Dokumentation der Erdbefunde ausgerichtet ist, war es das primäre Ziel des ersten Teils der Arbeit, die Glyptik in ihren Ablagerungskontexten zu verorten und deren funktionale und chronologische Aussagefähigkeit zu analysieren. In einem zweiten Teil werden die Bildthemen und Einzelmotive untersucht. Die Ergebnisse beider Teile werden in einer Synthese zusammengeführt. Nach einem Abriss über den Forschungsstand zur neuassyrischen Glyptik werden der Fundort und das glyptische Material vorgestellt (Kap. 2–3). Die Analyse der Auffindungskontexte der glyptischen Objekte und ihre chronologische Bewertung erfolgen in Kap. 4. Kap. 5 widmet sich ökonomischen und administrativen Aspekten der ausgegrabenen Haushalte. Der wichtigste Erkenntnisgewinn besteht in dem erstmaligen Nachweis, dass Siegel in der Güterverwaltung der Privathäuser der Unterstadt II und damit außerhalb der assyrischen Paläste verwendet wurden. Die Verteilung ihrer Abdrücke lässt sogar Verantwortungsbereiche sichtbar werden. Die stratigraphische Verortung der Glyptik erlaubt die Aussage, dass die ‚Wiedereinführung‘ des Stempelsiegels schon im späten 9. Jh. v. Chr. erfolgt sein muss und nicht – wie bisher angenommen – erst ab 750 v. Chr. anzusetzen ist. Für die Bildthemen des Korpus ergeben sich auf der Basis der stratigraphischen Verortung und der Datierungen ihrer Bildträger Laufzeiten (Kap. 6), die mit bisherigen Datierungen kritisch abgeglichen werden. Unter Einbeziehung der Aspekte Material und Gravurtechnik erfolgt eine Neuordnung des glyptischen Materials in Gestaltungsgruppen, die ein Nebeneinander ganz unterschiedlicher Ausprägungen innerhalb der assyrischen Glyptik über mehr als 2 Jahrhunderte („Stilpluralismus“) erkennen lassen. Die daraus resultierenden Divergenzen zur bestehenden Einteilung der neuassyrischen Glyptik in Stilgruppen werden thematisiert. Das Verhältnis zwischen Siegel und Siegelbesitzer wird akzentuiert; das Korpus wird mit der Glyptik Zentralassyriens verglichen und Interaktionen mit anderen Kulturregionen werden angesprochen. Als Fazit (Kap. 7–8) ist hervorzuheben, dass die Glyptik der 3. Vollbesiedlungsphase der Stadt Dūr-Katlimmu/Magdalu kaum den nachhaltigen politischen Wandel vom Neuassyrischen zum Spätbabylonischen Reich widerspiegelt. Die Sozialstruktur der Stadt war noch immer von einer assyrischen Elite und Beamtenschaft geprägt., This thesis deals with the glyptic material unearthed from the Neo-Assyrian and Late Babylonian levels in the Lower Town II of Tell Sheikh Hamad (NE- Syria) between 1978 and 2008. The site being identified with the Assyrian provincial center of Dur-Katlimmu is testified in the 7th century B.C. also under the Aramaic name of Magdalu. The entire corpus consists of more than 1500 glyptic objects (seals, sealed texts, sealings) with more than 500 different motifs. Ranging from the 10th/9th to the 6th c. BC the continuous stratigraphic sequence of the Middle Lower Town II comprises three phases of full occupation. Unique Assyrian cuneiform documents dating to the years 2/3 and 5 of the reign of the Babylonian king Nebukadnezar II, and the archaeological record prove that the city survived the fall of the Neo- Assyrian Empire unscathed and continued to function fully under the governance of the former Assyrian elites during the Late Babylonian Empire. Since the large scale excavation has recorded all the soil deposits, e.g. all the find contexts, systematically, the primary aim of the first part of the study was to assess the glyptic materials within their stratigraphical contexts and to analyse the reliability of their functional and chronological significance. In a second part glyptic imagery and individual motifs are examined. The results of both parts are synthesized in a third section. After an outline of the state of research of Neo-Assyrian glyptic the site and its glyptic material are presented in chapters 2-3. The study of the context localization pertaining to their functional and chronological significance occurs in chapter 4. Chapter 5 is devoted to economical and administrative aspects of the use of seals in the excavated households. As a most relevant result it is for the first time verified that seals were used for administering commodities in the private households of the Lower Town II, a practice so far thought to be restricted to the Assyrian palaces. The spatial distribution of their impressions even makes certain areas of responsibility visible. By embedding the glyptics into the stratigraphic sequence it is demonstrated that stamp seals were commonly used already in the late 9th c. B.C., thus reassessing the common opinion that the stamp seals were ‘reintroduced’ during the second half of the 8th c. B.C. On the basis of the assessed stratigraphical position and of the chronologically fixed carriers of seal impressions the time ranges of themes of glyptic imagery are analysed and compared to former classifications. Using the criteria material and engraving techniques the corpus is rearranged in ‘Gestaltungsgruppen’ which prove to have coexisted over more than two centuries in a kind of ‘Stilpluralismus’. Resulting divergences concerning the common division of the Neo-Assyrian glyptic into style groups (‘Stilgruppen’) are discussed. The relation between seals and their owners is accentuated. The corpus is compared to the glyptic of Central Assyria and interactions to other cultural regions are examined. In conclusion it has to be emphasized that the glyptic evidence from the households inhabited during the 3rd phase of full occupation of Dur-Katlimmu/Magdalu hardly mirrors the severe political change from the Neo-Assyrian to the Late Babylonian Empire. The social structure was characterized by members of the Assyrian elite and officialdom as before.

The focus of this paper is a neo-Assyrian relief discovered in the Weingreen Museum of Biblical Antiquities at Trinity College Dublin (hereafter the Weingreen Museum). The shallow relief depicts a pictorial vignette of a kneeling genie, rendered in profile, facing a tree of life, on a horizon formed by a cuneiform border (WM 1189). Details surrounding the relief's acquisition were completely unknown to Trinity College Dublin staff during 2008-9. This investigation follows a paper trail which illuminates the circumstances behind its procurement and subsequent journey from Iraq to Dublin in the Victorian period. The results establish the relief as the uncontested prize piece of the Weingreen Museum. peer-reviewed