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This study aimed to assess GO-Fe3O4-CeO2-CTAB nanocomposite adsorption efficiency for removing the phenol molecules from the aqua solution. The researcher performed the batch investigations to estimate the percentage of phenol removal from wastewater with the variation of pH value from 3 to 10, adsorption time from 5.000 to 100.000 min, the adsorbent dose from 0.003 to 0.040 g, the phenol concentration from 20.000 to 440.000 mg L−1 and temperature from 25 to 60°C. The GO-Fe3O4-CeO2-CTAB nanocomposite produced by a Co-precipitation method was used to adsorb and remove phenol molecules from an aqueous solution. The synthesised nano-sorbent was investigated by different methods including FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDX, VSM and BET techniques. The gained data show that the best removal efficiency of phenol by GO-Fe3O4-CeO2-CTAB nanocomposite was obtained at pH = 8, the absorbent dosage of 400.000 mg L−1 (0.020 g), contact time = 60 min and temperature of 25°C. For the equilibrium study, based on the obtained coefficients correlation of definition from fitted models, the highest value is obtained for the Langmuir model, (KL = 0.048 L mg−1, qm = 492.000 mg g−1, RL = 0.509 and R2 = 0.992), so, phenol adsorption on the surfaces of GO-Fe3O4-CeO2-CTAB nanocomposite was a monomolecular adsorbed layer. Based on obtained R2 values, it can be concluded that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model seemed to be match well with the adsorption of phenol molecules at the surface of GO-Fe3O4-CeO2-CTAB nanocomposite in three concentrations of 50.000, 100.000 and 125.000 mg L−1 (qe2 = 52.080, 103.090 and 129.870 mg g−1, k2 = 0.005, 0.003 and 0.002 g mg−1 min−1, R2 = 0.999, 0.999 and 0.999 respectively). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Formaldehyde (FA) is commonly used in detergents and cosmetics as an antimicrobial and preservative. This substance is toxic to humans and dangerous to health as it causes eye and skin irritation. FA determination is, therefore, a very important quality control parameter. This study developed gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) with on‐fiber derivatization to determine FA in cosmetic cream skin. FA was derivated using 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazine in an aqueous solution. FA in cosmetic cream samples was extracted through SPME fibers in the headspace and rapidly derivated with 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazine on SPME fibers. The average detection and quantification limits were at least 0.036 and 0.12, respectively. The results showed that GC/MS and SPME with on‐fiber derivatization are simple, fast, sensitive, and solvent‐free methods for aldehydes determination in cosmetic cream. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reports on the phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity evaluation of essential oils extracted from the aerial parts of Cleome khorassanica using both microwave-assisted water distillation (MAHD) and classical hydro distillation (HD). Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used to analyze the chemical composition of the essential oils. The main components identified in the MAHD-extracted oil were γ-Cadinene (34.29%) and δ-Cadinene (19.52%), while o-Isopropenyltoluene (46.7%) and Duodecyclic acid (10.96%) were the major components in the HD- extracted oil. The MAHD technique showed higher extraction efficiency in a shorter time than the conventional HD method. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oils was evaluated using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. The results showed that the essential oil and methanolic extract of Cleome khorassanica exhibited significant inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus alternata and Fusarium solani. Gram-positive bacteria and fungi were more susceptible to the essential oil than Gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, the samples extracted by MAHD demonstrated better antimicrobial activity compared to the HD-extracted oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to identify the chemical compounds present in the essential oil of Cleome rostrata for the first time. C. rostrata belongs to the Cleome genus of the Cleomaceae family. The study was conducted to investigate the phytochemical composition, antimicrobial activity, and antioxidant potential of the aerial parts of C. rostrata. GC-MS analysis identified a total of 39 compounds. The major components of C. rostrata aerial parts were found to be farnesan (10.49%), 4-methyl-dodecan-1-ol (14.07%), 2,7-dimethylnaphthalene (4.81%), phytane (6.05%), and tetradecane, 4-methyl-(4.81%). The methanol extract of the plant was evaluated for its total flavonoid content using the aluminum chloride colorimetric method. The methanol extract of C. rostrata exhibited high total flavonoid content, measuring 18.04 mg/g extract. The methanolic extract also exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against three fungal strains and three Gram-positive bacterial strains. Notably, the highest activity was observed against Aspergillus niger at a concentration of 16 mg/mL. Moreover, the extract demonstrated potent antioxidant activity, as evidenced by its IC50 value of 202.48 µg/L in the DPPH test. These findings highlight the potential of C. rostrata as a source of natural antioxidants and antimicrobial agents with potential applications in food preservation and pharmaceuticals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, new derivatives of spirooxadiazepines were prepared using multicomponent reactions (MCRs) of ninhydrin, secondary amines, Melderum's acid, carbonyl compounds such as aldehyde or ketones and hydrazonoyl chloride in water at room temperature in the presence of baker's yeast as catalyst in good yields. The short time of reaction, high yields of product, and easy separation of them are some advantages of this procedure. Another work in this research is investigation of antioxidant property of some synthesized compounds by diphenyl-picrylhydrazine (DPPH) radical trapping experiment. Presently, bacteria that are not destroyed with drug have generated many problems in the performance of many transferable disease. For this reason, discovering appropriate and new procedures for the dealing with these pathogens are important and recent study have focused on the investigation of the antibacterial effects on the prepared compounds. Green chemistry is the use of a set of principles to reduce or eliminate the use or generation of unsafe materials in the design, fabrication, and applications of chemical products. Among solvents, water is a green solvents and very suitable for performing organic reaction. The present procedure avoids the use of toxic solvent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herbal medicines are now in huge prospects in the developing and developed nation for basic health treatment. They are inexpensive and has minimal side effects. Cleome species are one of the potential sources of secondary metabolites which have high medicinal value and huge utility in healthcare development. In this study, in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oils and ethanol extracts from various parts of two cleome species named Cleome brachycarpa (Forssk.) Vahl ex DC. and Cleome quinquenervia DC. were investigated. Antibacterial activities were determined using the MIC method against pathogenic bacteria and fungi responsible for common infections and antioxidant effects were determined by DPPH assays. Essential oils of both plants were performed better antimicrobial activities than their extracts. Also, in two tested plant oils and extracts, the antifungal properties showed better performance than antibacterial effects. In the DPPH radical scavenging assay, C. quinquenervia leaf and C. brachycarpa flower and oils showed the highest activities with IC50 values of 69 and 75 µg/ml, respectively. In the present study, the essential oils obtained by hydro distillation of the organs of C. quinquenervia and C. brachycarpa were analyzed by GC-MS. A total of 48 compounds were identified in C. quinquenervia essential oil and 19 compounds in C. brachycarpa essential oil. The dominant constituents assessed in the essential oil of C. quinquenervia were p- Caryophylline-(I3) (% 29), Dibutyl phthalate (% 13), ß_Element (% 11). In the case of C. brachycarpa, the main components of the total oil were: were Entsandaracopimaradien-3ß-ol (68.02%), Cembrene (6.98%), Juniper camphor (4.2%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, baker's yeast promoted one-pot synthesize of new 1,2,4-triazolpyrimidooxadiazole derivatives in high yields using multicomponent reactions of isatins, guanidine, alkyl bromides, aldehydes and hydrazonoyl chlorides in the presence of baker's yeast as a high performance catalyst in water at room temperature. Investigation of antioxidant ability of synthesized compounds using radical trapping of diphenyl-picrylhydrazine (DPPH) and ferric reduction power experiment is another purpose in this research. Also, the antimicrobial activity of some synthesized compounds proved by employing the disk diffusion test on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. This procedure has some benefits such as short reaction time, product with excellent yields and simple, efficient, inexpensive, and environment-friendly catalyst. Green chemistry is the use of a set of principles to reduce or eliminate the use or generation of unsafe materials in the design, fabrication and applications of chemical products. Among solvents, water is a green solvents and very suitable for performing organic reaction. The present procedure avoids the use of toxic solvent. 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles are a known class of compounds, reported to exhibit antibacterial, antifungal, analgesic and anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, hypoglycemic, and anticancer activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since edible flowers have been widely used to treat different diseases, new management practices are required to improve their productivity. Potassium (K) and selenium (Se) as important nutrients can influence plant quality and quantity. The purpose of present study was to investigate the effect of soil applied potassium (K) and selenium (Se) on plant growth, flower quality, and some physiological and biochemical properties of Pelargonium peltatum (L.) L'Hér. In a completely randomized design (CRD). K was used as potassium nitrate (KNO3) in the concentrations of 2, 4, and 6 mM and Se was applied as sodium selenite (Na2SeO4) in soil application of 20, 40, and 60 µM. The results showed that the highest flower number was obtained at 5 mM K. Shoot fresh weight (SFW) significantly increased by both 6 mM K and 40 µM Se. Flower longevity was improved with increasing K concentration so that the highest flower longevity was obtained at 6 mM. The highest relative water content (RWC) and total chlorophyll (Chl.) content were observed at 4 mM K. In contrast, the lowest RWC was observed when plants were supplied with 60 µM Se. Anthocyanin and malondialdehyde (MAD) significantly increased with K and Se concentrations. Although total phenolic compound (TFC) in all concentrations of K and Se was higher than control, there was no significant difference between K and Se levels. Ascorbic acid and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity increased with K and Se application, in which its highest amounts were observed at 6 mM K. P. peltatum was identified as Se accumulator because of more than 100 mg Se/kg DW in the leaves when treated with Se levels. Heat map analysis represented that 4 and 6 mM K were obviously distinguished from other treatments. This experiment suggests using 4-6 mM K and 40 µM Se to improve growth and productivity of P. peltatum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The water-distilled essential oils from aerial parts of Achillea pachycephala Rech.f. and Achillea oxyodonta Boiss., which are endemic to Iran, and stems, leaves and flowers of Achillea biebersteinii Afan., were analysed by GC and GC-MS. The oil of A. pachycephala was found to contain 1,8-cineole (27.7%) and camphor (27.4%) as the major constituents. The oil of A. oxyodonta was characterized by higher amounts of 1,8-cineole (38.5%) and artemisia ketone (23.0%). The oils obtained from stems and leaves of A. biebersteinii were rich in camphor (38.1% and 33.7%, respectively) and borneol (22.6% and 20.8%, respectively). The other main component of the stem oil was 1,8-cineole (13.5%). In the flower oil of the plant, camphor (36.3%) and 1,8-cineole (22.3%) were the predominant compounds. All oils were richer in oxygenated monoterpenes. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oils obtained by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of Artemisia biennis and Pulicaria undulate were analyzed by means of GC and GC/MS. The major components of the oil of A. biennis were camphor (24.6%), artemisia ketone (11.4%) and α-pinene (10.2%). α-Pinene (45.7%) and 1,8-cineole (27.1%) were found to be the main constituents of the oil of P. undulata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The composition of the essential oils from aerial parts of three Salvia species: S. rhytidea Benth., S. limbata C. A. Mey. and S. palaestina Benth. have been analyzed by a combination of GC and GC/MS. During the flowering period, two oils (S. rhytidea and S. limbata) consisted mainly of monoterpenes, while in S. palaestina oil sesquiterpenes predominated over monoterpenes. The major components of the oil of S. rhytidea were β-phellandrene (22.7%) and sabinene (13.5%). In the oil of S. limbata, α-pinene (23.7%), β-pinene (18.7%) and sabinene (14.5%) were found to be the major constituents. β-Caryophyllene (36.4%) was the predominant compound in the oil of S. palaestina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The composition of the essential oils from three Iranian Umbelliferae species of Xanthogalum purpurascens Ave-Lall., Eryngium caeruleum MB and Pimpinella aurea DC. obtained by hydrodistillation were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. β-Phellandrene (20.1%) and β-caryophyllene (11.3%) were the main components among the 26 constituents characterized in the oil of X. purpurascens representing 83.0% of the total components detected. Twenty compounds were identified in the oil of E. caeruleum, representing 96.4% of the total oil with limonene (60.5%) and δ-3-carene (13.0%) as major constituents. The oil of P. aurea was characterized by higher amounts of trans-α-bergamotene (72.8%) among the 18 components comprising the total oil detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The water-distilled essential oils from aerial parts of Chaerophyllum macropodum Boiss. and Chaerophyllum crinitum Boiss. were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The oil of C. macropodum was found to contain α-pinene (23.0%), α-pinene (17.3%) and fenchyl acetate (13.8%) as the major constituents. The oil of C. crinitum was characterized by a higher amount of (E)-β-ocimene (50.5%). Both oils were richer in monoterpene than sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]