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Nemésio, André, Santos Júnior, José E., Santos, Fabrício R. (2013): ANDRÉ NEMÉSIO, JOSÉ E. SANTOS JÚNIOR& FABRÍCIO R. SANTOS (2012) Eufriesea zhangi sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossina), a new orchid bee from Brazil revealed by molecular and morphological characters. Zootaxa, 3609(6), 568-582. Zootaxa 3630 (1): 200-200, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3630.1.11

Nemésio, André, Santos Júnior, José E., Santos, Fabrício R. (2013): Eufriesea zhangi sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossina), a new orchid bee from Brazil revealed by molecular and morphological characters. Zootaxa 3609 (6): 568-582, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3609.6.2

Nemésio, André, Ferrari, Rafael R. (2012): The species of Eulaema (Eulaema) Lepeletier, 1841 (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossina) from eastern Brazil, with description of Eulaema quadragintanovem sp. n. from the state of Ceará. Zootaxa 3478: 123-132, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.211422

Euglossa truncata Reb��lo & Moure, 1996 This species, very common in the drier portions of the Atlantic Forest (Fig. 5), was only represented in the ���Hileia Baiana��� by one specimen (collected at RPPN Duas Barras, at the border between Minas Gerais and Bahia), apparently the easternmost record of this species. The records of this species from Pernambuco, Alagoas and Bahia (see Nem��sio 2009: 159) were later questioned by Nem��sio (2010 b, 2011 a), who argued that these specimens were misidentified (belonging, in fact, to E. amazonica). Three other specimens were collected at REBIO Mata Escura, some 100 km westwards from RPPN Duas Barras, outside the limits of ���Hileia Baiana���. These two records are the northernmost records for this species in eastern Brazil. It goes south to the state of Paran��, in Brazil, and enters the region of Misiones, in Argentina (specimens deposited at UFMG and at the American Museum of Natural History). As shown in previous studies (Reb��lo & Gar��falo 1997, Nem��sio 2008), E. truncata is an ���eugenol bee���. Three of the four specimens collected in this study were attracted to eugenol; the other one was attracted to skatole., Published as part of Nem��sio, Andr��, 2012, Species of Euglossa Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossina) belonging to the purpurea species group occurring in eastern Brazil, with description of Euglossa monnei sp. n., pp. 35-52 in Zootaxa 3151 on page 42, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214340, {"references":["Rebelo, J. M. M. & Moure, J. S. (1996) [\" 1995 \"] As especies de Euglossa Latreille do nordeste de Sao Paulo (Apidae, Euglossinae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 12, 445 - 466.","Nemesio, A. (2009) Orchid bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Zootaxa, 2041, 1 - 242.","Nemesio, A. (2010 b) The orchid-bee fauna (Hymenoptera: Apidae) of a forest remnant in northeastern Brazil, with new geographic records and an identification key to the known species of the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa, 2656, 55 - 66.","Nemesio, A. (2011 a) The orchid-bee fauna (Hymenoptera: Apidae) of a forest remnant in southern Bahia, Brazil, with new geographic records and an identification key to the known species of the area. Zootaxa, 2821, 47 - 54.","Rebelo, J. M. M. & Garofalo, C. A. (1997) Comunidades de machos de Euglossinae (Hymenoptera, Apidae) em matas semideciduas do nordeste do estado de Sao Paulo. Anais da Sociedade Entomologica do Brasil, 26, 243 - 256.","Nemesio, A. (2008) Orchid bee community (Hymenoptera, Apidae) at an altitudinal gradient in a large forest fragment in southeastern Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zoociencias, 10, 249 - 256."]}

Euglossa avicula Dressler, 1982 b Euglossa avicula is here reported for the first time outside the state of Esp��rito Santo. This species had only been recorded in the type locality (Concei����o da Barra, northern Esp��rito Santo���Dressler 1982, Nem��sio 2011 c) and at Reserva Natural Vale, in Linhares (northern Esp��rito Santo���Bonilla-G��mez 1999). I recorded this species at all sampled areas in the state of Esp��rito Santo and in five forest remnants in the state of Bahia (Fig. 3): (i) RPPN Veracel (Santa Cruz Cabr��lia), (ii) PN Pau Brasil (Porto Seguro), (iii) PN Monte Pascoal, (iv) PN Descobrimento, and (v) a non-protected forest fragment of ca. 300 ha in Itaramaju. The occurrence of this species in Santa Cruz Cabr��lia, the northernmost record of this species to date, extends its known geographic range in ca. 200 km northwards. The available data suggest this is the species with the shortest distributional range among the species of the Euglossa purpurea group occurring in the Atlantic Forest. Among the ca. 70 males collected in ���Hileia Baiana���, around 70 % were attracted to vanillin. The remaining specimens were attracted to trans -methyl cinnamate, p -cresol acetate, cineole, skatole, p -tolyl acetate, ��-ionone, dimethoxybenzene and mixtures (1: 1) p -tolyl acetate + trans -methyl cinnamate, and p -tolyl acetate + vanillin. Dressler (1982 b) had only recorded this species at cineole and vanillin baits, but it proved to be attracted to a very wide bouquet of scents., Published as part of Nem��sio, Andr��, 2012, Species of Euglossa Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossina) belonging to the purpurea species group occurring in eastern Brazil, with description of Euglossa monnei sp. n., pp. 35-52 in Zootaxa 3151 on pages 40-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214340, {"references":["Dressler, R. L. (1982 b) New species of Euglossa IV. The cordata and purpurata species groups. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 30, 141 - 150.","Nemesio, A. (2011 c) Exaerete salsai sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Apidae): a new orchid bee from eastern Brazil. Zootaxa, 2967, 12 - 20."]}

Euglossa (Euglossa) monnei Nem��sio, sp. n. Diagnosis. This species is assigned to the subgenus Euglossa (Euglossa) Latreille, 1802 due to its small size, short extended tongue, rhomboid metatibia, small and widely separated tufts on S 2. It is also easily included within purpurea species group due to the subtriangular mesotibial tufts. Euglossa monnei sp. n. is very similar to the Amazonian Euglossa magnipes Dressler, 1982 b, but both can be distinguished from each other due to the following characters: (i) shape of anterior mesotibial tuft, which lower lobe in Euglossa monnei sp. n. is proportionately larger compared to the upper lobe (Fig. 9 E) (smaller or similar in E. magnipes); no other species of the purpurea group in the Atlantic Forest present the lower lobe of the anterior mesotibial tuft larger than the upper lobe, (ii) presence of an ivory marking on frontal surface of scape in Euglossa monnei sp. n. (Fig. 8 E) (absent in E. magnipes), (iii) glandular scar of the metatibia shorter and wider in E. magnipes than in Euglossa monnei sp. n. (Fig. 10 E). (High quality photographs of holotype Euglossa magnipes can be found at Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute web site at: http://biogeodb.stri.si.edu/bioinformatics/roubik_bees/index.php?gs% 5 B% 5 D= magnipes (accessed October 27 th, 2011)). Description (Male, Figs. 8 E, 9 E, 10 E, 11 E): Color and vestiture. Clypeus blue, rest of head bluish green, except the plain green inferior paraocular areas (Fig. 8 E); overall coloration of integument bluish green, except golden green in sterna (Fig. 11 E). Wings pale brown. Pubescence very sparse, predominantly fulvous hairs on metasoma and antennal sockets, black and fulvous hairs on mesosoma, black hairs especially on scutum. Ivory paraocular markings present and well developed, almost reaching malar area; anterior surface of antennal scape with large ivory marking. Head. Width 5.0 mm; interorbital distance at level of antennal sockets 2.7 mm; maximum interorbital distance 3.0 mm; scape 0.9 mm; eye length 3.1 mm. Body. Body length ca. 11.5 mm; anterior wing ca. 8.5 mm; tongue in repose reaching hindcoxa; scutellum 2.8 mm wide and 1.3 mm long; abdominal width 4.8 mm. Punctation on mesosoma dense, with circular punctures of approximately the same size, on scutellum dense, with larger circular punctures. Legs. Foretibia and forebasitarsus fringed with medium-sized, dense, fulvous hairs; velvet area occupying all the ventral side of mesotibia, posterior mesotibial tuft small, slightly oblong; anterior mesotibial tuft subtriangular, lower lobe slightly larger than upper lobe forming a right angle with the latter (Fig. 9 E); metatibia oblong-rhomboid, inflated, post-glandular area fringed with medium-sized hairs (0.47 mm long). Metasoma. Punctation on discal base of T 1 sparse, with large circular punctures; on distal part of T 1 and T 2 ��� T 4 dense, comprised of small circular punctures; on T 5 ���T 7 dense, with large circular punctures. S 2 with welldefined, widely separated tufts (Fig. 11 E). Etymology. The specific epithet honors the ���coleopterist��� Miguel A. Monn��. Type locality. Holotype collected at Floresta Nacional (FLONA) Rio Preto (18 �� 21 ��� 28 ���S, 39 �� 51 ��� 18 ���W, ca. 18 m a.s.l.), in the municipality of Concei����o da Barra, state of Esp��rito Santo, southeastern Brazil, attracted to vanillin. Female. Unknown. Type material. HOLOTYPE��� male, with the following data: ���Euglossina da Hileia Baiana, FLONA Rio Preto, 17479-49985 ��� and ���Concei����o da Barra, ES, Brasil, 26 / 12 / 2009, A. Nem��sio��� and ��� Euglossa (Euglossa) monnei Nem��sio, sp. n., HOLOTYPUS ��� (UFMG). PARATYPES��� 13 males, with the following label data: ���Euglossina da Hileia Baiana, BR 101, Km 794, 16406-46211 ��� and ���Itamaraju, BA, Brasil, 04/ 10 / 2009, A. Nem��sio��� and ��� Euglossa (Euglossa) monnei Nem��sio, sp. n., PARATYPUS ��� (UFMG); ���idem, RPPN Michelin, 16999- 47680 ��� and ���Igrapi��na, BA, Brasil, 01/ 12 / 2009, A. Nem��sio��� and ���idem��� (UFMG); ���idem, Res. Nat. Vale, 17131- 48258 ��� and ���Linhares, ES, Brasil, 10 / 12 / 2009, A. Nem��sio��� and ���idem��� (UFMG); ���idem, 17134-48292 ��� and ���idem, 11 / 12 / 2009 ��� and ���idem��� (UFMG); ���idem, REBIO Sooretama, 17182-48634 ��� and ���Sooretama, ES, Brasil, 12 / 12 / 2009, A. Nem��sio��� and ���idem��� (UFMG); ���idem, 17244-48980 ��� and ���idem, 14 / 12 / 2009 ��� and ���idem��� (UFMG); ���idem, Res. Nat. Vale, 17273-49156 ��� and ���Linhares, ES, Brasil, 150 / 12 / 2009, A. Nem��sio��� and ���idem��� (UFMG); ���idem, RPPN Serra Bonita, 17777-51040 ��� and ���Camacan, BA, Brasil, 24 /01/ 2010, A. Nem��sio��� and ���idem��� (UFMG); ���idem, REBIO Una, 19092-54726 ��� and ���Una, BA, Brasil, 01/02/ 2009, A. Nem��sio��� and ���idem��� (UFMG); ���idem, 19117-54824 ��� and ���idem��� and ���idem��� (UFMG); ���idem, PN Monte Pascoal, 19509-56144 ��� and ���Porto Seguro, BA, Brasil, 11 /04/ 2009, A. Nem��sio��� and ���idem��� (UFMG); ���idem, PN Descobrimento, 20763- 59389 ��� and ���Prado, BA, Brasil, 23 / 12 / 2008, A. Nem��sio��� and ���idem��� (UFMG); ���idem, 21079-60463 ��� and ���idem, 31 / 12 / 2008 ��� and ���idem��� (UFMG). Attractive baits. Nine specimens were attracted to vanillin, four to cineole and a single male was attracted to trans -methyl cinnamate. Geographic distribution (Fig. 6). Besides the type locality, Euglossa monnei sp. n. was collected at (i) RPPN Fazenda Michelin (Igrapi��na, Bahia); (ii) REBIO Una (Una, Bahia); (iii) RPPN Serra Bonita (Camacan, Bahia); (iv) PN Monte Pascoal (Porto Seguro, Bahia); (v) a non-protected forest fragment of ca. 300 ha in Itamaraju (Bahia); (vi) PN Descobrimento (Prado, Bahia), (vii) Reserva Natural Vale (Linhares, Esp��rito Santo), (viii) REBIO Sooretama (Sooretama, Esp��rito Santo). It is important to notice that only 14 Euglossa monnei sp. n. males were recorded among ca. 15,000 orchid bees collected in all these areas. Although widely distributed in the core area of the so-called ���Hileia Baiana��� (the dense coastal Atlantic Forest of southern Bahia and northern Esp��rito Santo), this species is rare in orchid-bee samplings., Published as part of Nem��sio, Andr��, 2012, Species of Euglossa Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossina) belonging to the purpurea species group occurring in eastern Brazil, with description of Euglossa monnei sp. n., pp. 35-52 in Zootaxa 3151 on pages 42-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214340, {"references":["Latreille, P. A. (1802) Histoire naturelle generale et particuliere des Crustaces et des Insectes. Ouvrage faisant suite a l'Histoire Naturelle generale et particuliere, composee par Leclercq de Buffon, et redigee par C. S. Sonnini, membre de plusiers Societes savantes (Vol. 3). F. Dufart, Paris, 467 pp.","Dressler, R. L. (1982 b) New species of Euglossa IV. The cordata and purpurata species groups. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 30, 141 - 150."]}

Euglossa (Glossura) bazinga Nem��sio & Ferrari, sp. n. Diagnosis. Euglossa bazinga sp. n. is easily assigned to the subgenus Glossura by presenting the following characters: extended mouthparts longer than body size (almost twice as long as body length), labrum longer than wide, biconvex scutellum and triangular metatibia. This species is similar to E. ignita, from which it can be distinguished from the much smaller size (length ca. 11.0 mm; E. ignita specimens range from 12.5 to 14.0 mm), longer extended mouthparts (almost twice as long as the body length, whereas in E. ignita it is about 1.5 times longer than body length), bluish integumental coloration (Figure 2 A, C, G) (E. ignita is golden green with strong golden hues���even red in some specimens on metasoma and metatibia���Figure 2 B, D, H), area between S 2 tufts plain (Figure 3 A) (it is deeply excavated in E. ignita ��� Figure 3 B), S 2 tufts circular shaped (Figure 3 A) (semicircular in E. ignita ��� Figure 3 B) with hairs located inside a short and shallow depression (Figure 3 C, E) (in E. ignita S 2 tufts located inside a long and deep depression���Figure 3 D, F), posterior mesotibial tuft proportionally smaller than anterior tuft than in E. ignita (compare Figures 2 E and 2 F), anterior mesotibial tuft uniformly elliptical or cylindrical (it is more triangular in E. ignita ���see Figures 2 E and 2 F); distance between S 7 lobes and base of arms equal to length of three lobes (Fig. 4 A) (equal to length of more than four lobes in E. ignita, forming a constriction���Figure 4 B); posterior section of S 8 triangular, pointed, forming an almost equilaterous triangle (Fig. 4 C) (sharply pointed, forming an almost isosceles triangle in E. ignita ��� Fig. 4 D), with basolateral points with straight sides, not rounded (Fig. 4 C) (rounded in E. ignita��� Fig. 4 D). Type material (all specimens deposited at UFU). HOLOTYPE: male, with the following label data: ��� Brasil, MT, Brasnorte, Fazenda Tolosa, 13 �� 10 ��� 36 ���S, 57 �� 56 ��� 13 ���W, 443m, 25.iii. 2012, Salicilato, S.Nascimento���. PARATYPES: seventeen males, with the following label data: (i) ��� Brasil, MT, Brasnorte, Fazenda Tolosa, 13 �� 10 ��� 36 ���S, 57 �� 56 ��� 13 ���W, 443m, 25.ii. 2012, Salicilato, S.Nascimento���; (ii) ���idem, Ac. Benzila���; (iii) ���idem, 25.iii. 2012, Salicilato���; (iv) ���idem���; (v) ���idem���; (vi) ���idem���; (vii) ���idem���, (viii) ���idem���, (ix) ��� Brasil, MT, Diamantino, Fazenda San Rafael, 14 �� 19 ���09���S, 57 �� 40 ���03���W, 608m, 27.xii. 2011, Cineol, S. Nascimento���; (x) ���idem, 3.iii. 2012, Salicilato���; (xi) ���Ju��na, MT, Brasil, 20 /04/ 2010, A. Nem��sio���; (xii) ���idem���; (xiii) ���idem���; (xiv) ���idem, 22 /04/ 2010 ���; (xv) ���idem, 23 /04/ 2010 ���; (xvi) ���idem���; (xvii) ���idem���. Description (Male, Figures 2 A, C, E, G, 3 A, C, E, 4 A, C, E, G): Color and vestiture. Clypeus greenish blue, rest of head bright green (Figure 2 C); mesosoma greenish blue (Figure 2 A); T 1 ���T 2 bluish green (Figure 2 A), T 3 ���T 7 plain green, metatibia bluish green (Figure 2 G). Wings pale brown. Gena with long (1.5 mm) white bristles; only fulvous hairs on antennal sockets; black setae on upper frons and top of head; overall pubescence very sparse, fulvous and black hairs evenly distributed on mesosoma, predominantly black setae on scutellum, very sparse, blackish setae on T 1 ���T 7 and sparse fulvous setae on S 1 ���S 6. Ivory paraocular markings well developed, reaching malar area; anterior surface of antennal scape with a small ivory spot occupying about 1 / 3 of its length (Figure 2 C). Head. Width 4.4 mm; interorbital distance at level of antennal sockets 2.3 mm; maximum interorbital distance 2.4 mm; scape 0.8 mm; eye length 2.9 mm, mandible with two teeth. Body. Body length ca. 11.0 mm; anterior wing ca. 9.0 mm; extended tongue exceeding body length (ca. 7.0 mm longer than body tip); scutellum 2.4 -mm wide and 1.2 -mm long; very minute (0.04 mm in diameter) circular punctures on scutum, separated from each other by at least a puncture-diameter; punctures on scutellum of different sizes, from very minute (0.01 mm) to medium-sized (0.1 mm), sparser than on mesoscutum; abdominal width 4.2 mm. Legs. Foretibia and forebasitarsus fringed with medium-sized (up to 0.8 mm), dense, fulvous hairs; velvet area occupying the entire ventral side of mesotibia, posterior mesotibial tuft small (about 1 / 4 of the size of anterior tuft), subtrapezoid; anterior mesotibial tuft large, subcylindrical (Figure 2 E); metatibia triangular, acute, post-glandular area fringed with long hairs (up to 1.00 mm) (Figure 2 G). Metasoma. Punctation on discal base of T 1 sparse, with large elongated punctures; on distal part of T 1 and T 2 ���T 4 dense, comprised of small (0.025 mm diameter) circular punctures; on T 5 ���T 6 dense, with medium-sized elongated punctures (0.06 x 0.03 mm); on T 7 dense, with large elongated punctures (0.1 x 0.05 mm); S 2 with two short and shallow semicircular depressions with setae, forming circular tufts widely separated, and integument between both tufts fairly plain (Figure 3 A). Terminalia. Male terminalia as in figures 4 A, C, E, G. S 7 deeply invaginated mesally, forming two lobes; distance between base of lobes and medial portion of arms equal to length of three lobes (Fig. 4 A) (distance between base of lobes and medial portion of arms equal to length of> four lobes, forming a constriction in E. ignita ��� Fig. 4 B); absence of setae throughout invaginated section; notospiculum weak, slightly divided apically, posterolateral projections of anterior section strong, prominent; posterior section of S 8 triangular, pointed, forming an almost equilaterous triangle (Fig. 4 C) (sharply pointed, forming an almost isosceles triangle in E. ignita ��� Fig. 4 D), with basolateral points with straight sides, not rounded (Fig. 4 C) (rounded in E. ignita��� Fig. 4 D); gonostylus simple (��� type V��� of Ospina-Torres et al. 2006), lateral lobe pointed and slightly curved downwards (Fig. 4 E, G), similar to E. ignita (Fig. 4 F, H); gonostylar setae long throughout (Fig. 4 E), similar to E. ignita (Fig. 4 F); dorsal process of gonocoxa well developed, apical process rounded laterally (more pointed in E. ignita ��� Fig. 4 F). Female. Unknown. Etymology. The specific epithet honors the clever, funny, captivating ���nerd��� character Sheldon Cooper, brilliantly portrayed by the North American actor James Joseph ���Jim��� Parsons on the CBS TV show ���The Big Bang Theory���. Sheldon Cooper���s favorite comic word ��� bazinga ���, used by him when tricking somebody, was here chosen to represent the character. Euglossa bazinga sp. n. has tricked us for some time due to its similarity to E. ignita, which eventually led us to use ��� bazinga ���. Sheldon Cooper has also an asteroid named after him (246247 Sheldoncooper). Type locality. Holotype collected at Fazenda Tolosa (13 �� 10 ��� 36 ���S, 57 �� 56 ��� 13 ���W, 443m), in the municipality of Brasnorte, state of Mato Grosso, western Brazil. Attractive baits. Most specimens collected at methyl salicylate; a few specimens also collected at benzyl acetate and cineole. Geographic Distribution. Euglossa bazinga sp. n. is known to occur in the central (municipality of Diamantino) and north-western (Brasnorte and Ju��na) portions of the state of Mato Grosso, central to northern Brazil (see Figure 1). However, since this species is similar to the widely distributed E. ignita, it is possible that specimens from the neighbor state of Rond��nia and also from northeastern Bolivia labeled as E. ignita in entomological collections may belong to Euglossa bazinga sp. n., Published as part of Nem��sio, Andr�� & Ferrari, Rafael R., 2012, Euglossa (Glossura) bazinga sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Apinae, Apini, Euglossina), a new orchid bee from western Brazil, and designation of a lectotype for Euglossa (Glossura) ignita Smith, 1874, pp. 63-72 in Zootaxa 3590 on pages 67-70, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.283170, {"references":["Ospina-Torres, R., Parra-H. A. & Gonzalez, V. H. (2006) The male gonostylus of the orchid bee genus Euglossa (Apidae: Euglossini). Zootaxa, 1320, 49 - 55."]}

Euglossa lugubris Roubik, 2004 The record of this species in the westernmost part of the state of Amazonas represents a natural and expected range extension for E. lugubris since the species was described from the Peruvian Amazon (Roubik 2004) and collected in the municipality of S��o Gabriel da Cachoeira, at the border between Brazil and Peru. Inspection on museum specimens labeled as E. piliventris in other collections, as well as field work, will be important to determine the actual geographic distribution of this species eastwards, since both species are very similar and can be easily confused., Published as part of Nem��sio, Andr�� & Ferrari, Rafael R., 2011, Species of Euglossa (Glossura) and E. (Glossuropoda) (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossina) occurring in the Amazon, including new records for Brazil, pp. 1-13 in Zootaxa 2885 on page 10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277598

1. Eulaema meriana (Olivier, 1789) (Figs 4 A��� 4 D) Apis meriana Olivier, 1789. Apis dimidiata Fabricius, 1793. The original description of Apis meriana by Olivier (1789: 64) is as follows: ���Abeille M��rian Apis Meriana. Nob. Apis hirsuta, nigra, abdomine segmentorum marginibus pallid�� flavis; ano rufo. Nob. Merian. Surin. pl. 48. Cette abeille est une des plus grandes que nous connoissions. Ses antennes e sa t��te sont noires. Les yeux sont bruns, e la trompe est plus longue que la moiti�� du corps. Le corcelet est noir e velu. L���abdomen est noir, avec le bord des quatre premiers anneaux d���un jaune p��le, e l���anus fauve. Les pattes sont noires, e los jambes post��rieures sont tr��s grosses. Les a��les sup��rieures sont noires, depuis la base jusque vers leur milieu; le reste est transparent. Les a��les inf��rieures sont obscures; leur pointe seulement est transparent. Cette abeille se trouve �� Cayenne e �� Surinam: elle m���a ��t�� communiqu��e par M. Renaud, docteur en M��dicine.��� The textual description refers to the bee currently known as Eulaema meriana or to one very similar Eulaema (Eulaema), with metasoma clothed in black and yellow setae on the first terga and in red setae on the last terga (���ano rufo���). Based on this description and on Fabricius���s (1793) description of Apis dimidiata, Moure (1960 b) reached the conclusion that both species were the same, and established the synonymy of the latter under the former. The nomen Apis meriana was largely ignored for more than 170 years; the nomen Eulaema dimidiata being the only one used to refer to the bee we now call Eulaema meriana until 1960, when Moure introduced the synonymy. Nevertheless, Moure (1960 b) gave no reason for establishing this synonymy. He stated that ���probably the type specimen of Olivier was destroyed��� (Moure 1960 b: 146). As Nem��sio (2009 a: 163) noticed, J.S. Moure was ambivalent concerning the nature of the synonymy between El. meriana and El. dimidiata, because in his first work (Moure 1960 b), he gave the impression that there were two onomatophores, one for each species (which would result in a subjective synonymy), but in his next work on this subject (Moure 2003: 34), he considered that Olivier���s (1789) and Fabricius���s (1793) descriptions were based on the same specimen (a primary objective synonymy). In his latter work, Moure insisted that the specimen was lost (Moure 2003). Here, we intend to show both nomina were erected based on different specimens and that the nomen Apis meriana would partially refer, in fact, to the bee currently known as Eulaema polyzona (Mocs��ry, 1897) (Fig. 3). Maria Sybilla Merian made several records and illustrations on insects from Suriname and published a detailed report of her findings in 1705. On her plate 48 (here reproduced as Fig. 2) she illustrated two Coleoptera, two lepidopteran caterpillars, and one bee. This bee was specifically and explicitly indicated by Olivier (1789) as one of the specimens upon which he based his description of Apis meriana (���Abeille M��rian���, honoring M. S. Merian), even though the textual description does not entirely match the illustration. The first point to be made clear is that this indication, under the modern Code, is a valid one (if made before 1930, as happens to be the case) and could explicitly establish the onomatophore of the species. As there is a single bee illustrated [although it could be argued that Merian (1705: 48) interpreted one of the caterpillars as the larval stage of the bee���see below, Olivier (1789) was clearly referring to the bee] this specimen must be interpreted as one of the ��� type specimens���. Article 73.1. 4 of the Code clearly apply to this situation, stating that the ���designation of an illustration of a single specimen as a holotype is to be treated as designation of the specimen illustrated; the fact that the specimen no longer exists or cannot be traced does not of itself invalidate the designation ��� (our bold). In addition, it is also clear from Olivier���s text that he saw at least one specimen of the bee we currently treat as Eulaema meriana (or a similar species), and probably this specimen was brought to him by Mr. Renaud. Olivier (1789) did not explicitly write it, but there was no type concept at that time and we argue here that this specimen should be considered as part of the type series, which would result (together with Merian���s plate) in a syntypic series. Moreover, it is uncertain if Moure (2003) was correct, speculating that Olivier (1789) and Fabricius (1793) based their description on the same specimen (although Olivier helped Fabricius with specimens; see Hope 1845). Olivier���s type specimens are the bee illustrated by Merian (1705) and the specimen brought to him by Renaud (now lost), whereas Fabricius���s type specimen is a bee originally deposited at Bosc���s Collection [Renaud���s specimens are apparently not known to be in the Bosc Collection], as explicitly indicated by Fabricius (1793: 316). This latter bee is considered lost since Moure (1960 b) and, recently, a search for this specimen carried out by the curator of the Hymenopteran collection of the Mus��um National d���Histoire Naturelle, Paris, where Bosc���s Collection is deposited, has been unsuccessful (Nem��sio 2009 a: 163). Therefore, we reiterate the remark of this specimen presently being lost., Published as part of Nem��sio, Andr�� & Rasmussen, Claus, 2011, Nomenclatural issues in the orchid bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossina) and an updated catalogue, pp. 1-42 in Zootaxa 3006 on pages 5-6, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.203410, {"references":["Olivier, G. A. (1789) Abeille. In: G. A. Olivier (Ed.), [Encyclopedie methodique, ou par ordre de matieres; par une societe de gens de lettres, de savants et d'artistes] Encyclopedie methodique, histoire naturelle, insectes. Panckoucke, Plomteux, Paris & Liege, pp. 46 - 84.","Fabricius, J. C. (1793) Entomologia Systematica emendata et aucta, secundun Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species adjectis Synonimis, Locis, Observationibus, Descriptionibus. T. 2. Christ. Gottl. Proft, Hafniae [= Copenhagen] viii + 519 pp.","Moure, J. S. (1960 b) Notes on the types of the neotropical bees described by Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Studia Entomologica, 3, 97 - 160.","Nemesio, A. (2009 a) Orchid bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) of the Brazilian Atlantic forest. Zootaxa, 2041, 1 - 242.","Moure, J. S. (2003) [\" 2000 \"] As especies do genero Eulaema Lepeletier, 1841 (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Euglossinae). Acta Biologica Paranaense (Curitiba), 29, 1 - 70.","Mocsary, A. (1897) Species septem novae generis Euglossa Latr. in collectione musaei nationalis Hungarici. Termeszetrajzi Fuzetek, 20, 442 - 446.","Merian, M. S. (1705) Metamorphosis insectorum surinamensium. Ofte verandering der Surinaamsche insecten. Waar in de Surinaamsche rupsen en wormen met alle des zelfs veranderingen na het leven afgebeeld en beschreeven worden, zynde elk geplaast op die gewassen, bloemen en vruchten, daar sy op gevonden zyn; waar in ook de generatie der kikvorschen, wonderbaare padden, hagedissen, slangen, spinnen en mieren werden vertoond en beschreeven, alles in America na het leven en levensgroote geschildert en beschreeven. Voor den auteur, als ook by G. Valck, Amsterdam, 2 p. l., 60 p., 60 col. pl.","Hope, F. W. (1845) The auto-biography of John Christian Fabricius, translated from the Danish, with additional notes and observations. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 4, i-xvi, plate n. p."]}

Euglossa (Euglossa) marianae Nem��sio, sp. n. Diagnosis. This species is clearly assigned to the subgenus Euglossa (Euglossa) Latreille, 1802 due to its small size, short extended tongue, rhomboid metatibia, small and widely separated tufts on S 2. It is also easily included within Euglossa analis group due to the throughout dark blue to violet coloration, except in the last three terga, which are green or reddish depending on the species. In Euglossa marianae sp. n. the three last terga are bright green (Figure 2 C). Nevertheless, it can be distinguished from Euglossa analis, its most closely related species, by the shape of the anterior mesotibial tuft (see Fig. 2 E���F). In Euglossa analis, the anterior tuft is divided in two lobes, the inferior one much larger than the superior lobe (see Fig. 2 F and also this character in the holotype, illustrated in Nem��sio 2009: 103). In Euglossa marianae sp. n. the two lobes are approximately the same size, the superior lobe slightly pointed (Fig. 2 E). The other species in Euglossa analis group occurring in the Atlantic Forest domain present the last three terga reddish colored and cannot be confused with E. marianae sp. n. It can be also differentiated from the Amazonian Euglossa retroviridis Dressler, 1982 a, the only other species in the group which also have the last three terga green-colored, by the shape of mesotibial tufts (see drawings in Dressler, 1982 a) and by having only two teeth in the mandible (E. retroviridis males have three teeth). Description (Male, Fig. 2) Color and vestiture. Clypeus violet, rest of head dark blue to violet (Fig. 2 B); mesosoma dark blue to violet (Fig. 2 A); T 1 ���T 4 solid violet, T 5 ���T 7 bright green (Fig. 2 A, C). Wings pale brown. Pubescence very sparse, predominantly fulvous hairs on metasoma and antennal sockets, black and fulvous hairs on mesosoma, black hairs especially on scutum (compared to predominantly fulvous hairs in Eg. analis). Ivory paraocular markings well developed, not reaching malar area; anterior surface of antennal scape black. Head. Width 4.7 mm; interorbital distance at level of antennal sockets 2.7 mm; maximum interorbital distance 3.0 mm; scape 1.1 mm; eye length 2.9 mm. Body. Body length ca. 11.0 mm; anterior wing ca. 8.9 mm; tongue in repose reaching hindcoxa; scutellum 2.8 mm wide and 1.3 mm long; abdominal width 4.5 mm. Legs. Foretibia and forebasitarsus fringed with medium-sized, dense, fulvous hairs; velvet area occupying all the ventral side of mesotibia, posterior mesotibial tuft small, oblong; anterior mesotibial tuft deeply notched, with two lobes of approximately the same size (in Eg. analis the inferior lobe much larger than the superior lobe ��� see Fig. 2 F), upper lobe slightly pointed (Fig. 2 E); metatibia oblong-rhomboid, inflated, post-glandular area fringed with medium-sized hairs (Fig. 2 D). Metasoma. Punctation on discal base of T 1 sparse, with large circular punctures; on distal part of T 1 and T 2 - T 4 dense, comprised of small circular punctures; on T 5 -T 7 dense, with large circular punctures. S 2 with small, widely separated tufts. Etymology. The specific epithet honors Mariana Abrah��o Assun����o, student of Biological Sciences at the Universidade Federal de Uberl��ndia, Minas Gerais. Type locality. Holotype collected at Parque Estadual do Rio Doce (19 �� 43 ���S - 42 �� 34 ���W; 200 m a.s.l.), in the municipality of Marli��ria, state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. Attractive baits. Specimens of this species have been collected at cineole and skatole baits, some with orchid pollinaria of Coryanthes attached (Dressler���s field notes). Female. Unknown. Type material: HOLOTYPE ��� male, with the following data: ��� Euglossini do PERD, Pq. E. Rio Doce, 3858- 11096 ��� and ��� Brasil, Marli��ria, MG, 04/07/ 1999, A. Nem��sio��� and ��� Euglossa (Euglossa) marianae Nem��sio, sp. n., HOLOTYPUS ��� (UFMG). PARATYPES ��� 30 males, with the same label data: ��� Brasil, MG, Marli��ria, Pq. E. Rio Doce, Junho/ 1999, A. Nem��sio leg.��� (UFMG ��� to be distributed to other institutions)., Published as part of Nem��sio, Andr��, 2011, Euglossa marianae sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Apidae): a new orchid bee from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and the possible first documented local extinction of a forest-dependent orchid bee, pp. 59-68 in Zootaxa 2892 on page 63, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277663, {"references":["Latreille, P. A. (1802) Historie Naturelle, Generale et Particuliere des Crustaces et des Insectes. 14 volumes. F. Dufart. Paris.","Nemesio, A. (2009) Orchid bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Zootaxa, 2041, 1 - 242.","Dressler, R. L. (1982 a) New species of Euglossa II. (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Revista de Biologia Tropical, 30, 121 - 129."]}

6. Euplusia yepezi Moure, 2000, nom. nud. Euplusia yepezi Moure, 2000: Errata et Addendum [inserted as a separate sheet in Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 17 (2)]. Moure (1999) published a note on the taxonomy of Eufriesea (as Euplusia), describing new species and taking nomenclatural acts. One of these acts was to consider Eulaema nigrita raymondi (Schrottky, 1907) as a valid species of Eufriesea (Moure 1999: 94���95 incorrectly spelled as ��� raymoni ���). Following this, Moure (1999) provided a detailed description of the onomatophore [deposited at MPSP with label 102.942, lectotype of Centris nigrita (Lep.) var. raymondi Schrottky, 1907 (Eulaema nigrita raymondi)���photographs of this specimen and labels made available by Nem��sio 2009 a: 39]. Nevertheless, Moure (2000) later corrected his interpretations concerning this species through a sheet inserted in the journal ���Revista Brasileira de Zoologia���, volume 17, number 2 (no page number), titled ���Errata et Addendum���, which was distributed on the 30 th of June, 2000. In this ���Errata et Addendum���, Moure (2000) mentioned that a serious mistake had been made���he did not mention if this mistake was his or the printers������and reinterpreted Centris nigrita (Lep.) var. raymondi Schrottky, 1907 as Eulaema (Apeulaema) nigrita Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1841. Moure (2000) stated that the rest of the text below Euplusia raymondi on pages 94���96 of the original paper (Moure 1999) referred to the description of a new species, Euplusia yepezi. Moure (2000) also stated that the abstract should be corrected to include a paragraph stating that ���one male specimen from Rancho Grande, Aragua, Venezuela, is described as Euplusia yepezi sp. n. ������. This ���Errata et Addendum��� by Moure (2000), however, was overlooked by many subsequent authors, as Nem��sio & Silveira (2007: 886) pointed out, and Eufriesea yepezi (Moure, 2000) was listed neither by Ram��rez et al. (2002) nor by Roubik & Hanson (2004) in their checklists. Moure et al. (2007), in turn, considered this species as a junior synonym of Eufriesea venezolana (Schrottky, 1913), a position followed by Nem��sio (2009 a: 232) in his checklist. A re-study of the Code, its criteria for nomina availability and the dates of publication of Moure���s nomenclatural acts, however, show that this interpretation is incorrect and that Euplusia yepezi should be considered a nomen nudum. Article 21.6 of the Code, expressly states that if the date of publication specified in a work is a range of dates, the work is to be dated from the final day of the range...���. (our bold). It obviously means that the date of publication of Euplusia yepezi is 2000, not 1999, because the publication was interrupted and continued at a later date��� and in particular the nomen of the species itself and a tentative onatomophore were only published in 2000. This date, however, introduces a new problem, as the following is mandatory for names published after 1999: ��� Article 16.4. Species-group names: fixation of name-bearing types to be explicit. Every new specific and subspecific name published after 1999, except a new replacement name (a nomen novum), for which the name-bearing type of the nominal taxon it denotes is fixed automatically [Art. 72.7], must be accompanied in the original publication [Art. 16.4.1] by the explicit fixation of a holotype, or syntypes, for the nominal taxon������. Moure (2000) did not fix a holotype. When Moure (2000) stated that ���one male specimen from Rancho Grande, Aragua, Venezuela, is described as Euplusia yepezi sp. n. ������ the assumption that this specimen is the holotype is implicit, not explicit. This assumption becomes confusing when Moure (2000, last line of the ���Errata et Addendum���) textually stated that (translated from Portuguese) ���page 95 [in Moure 1999] and subsequent ones remain as they are���. Moure (1999: 95) explicitly stated (translated from Portuguese) ���a specimen from Rancho Grande, 1100 m, Aragua, Venezuela, [collected] on 21 -VIII- 1974, F. Fernando Y. and C. J. Rosales leg. Received from Dr. Yepes when of [my] visit to Maracay in 1980 and compared to the type at the Museu de Zoologia of the Universidade de S��o Paulo���. Therefore Moure (1999, 2000) did not explicitly consider the specimen from Venezuela as the onomatophore nor explicitly designated this specimen as onomatophore as mandatory by the Code for species described after 1999. By maintaining the original paper as it was, from page 95 onward, Moure (2000) contradicted Moure (1999) and did not explicitly designate an onomatophore, as the specimen implicitly regarded as the onomatophore in Moure (2000) was confusingly compared to a ��� type ��� at the MPSP. Given Moure���s (2000) changes, this MPSP type could not be interpreted as the type of Centris nigrita var. raymondi Schrottky, 1907 because Moure (2000) changed what was written at the end of page 94, removing the reference to the type specimen of C. nigrita var. raymondi. Thus, this ��� type ��� specimen compared to the specimen from Rancho Grande, Venezuela, is a non-explicit specimen under the new wording provided by Moure (2000). Our conclusion is that Euplusia yepezi is a nomen nudum and the specimen deposited at the DZUP should not be considered a primary onomatophore., Published as part of Nem��sio, Andr�� & Rasmussen, Claus, 2011, Nomenclatural issues in the orchid bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossina) and an updated catalogue, pp. 1-42 in Zootaxa 3006 on pages 18-19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.203410, {"references":["Moure, J. S. (2000) Errata et Addendum [inserted as a separate sheet in Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 17 (2)].","Moure, J. S. (1999) Novas especies e notas sobre Euglossinae do Brasil e Venezuela (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 16 (supl. 1), 91 - 104.","Schrottky, C. (1907) Contribucion al conocimiento de los himenopteros del Paraguay. III. Anales Cientificos Paraguayos [1] 7, 1 - 78.","Nemesio, A. (2009 a) Orchid bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) of the Brazilian Atlantic forest. Zootaxa, 2041, 1 - 242.","Nemesio, A. & Silveira, F. A. (2007) Diversity and distribution of orchid bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossina) with a revised checklist of their species. Neotropical Entomology, 36, 874 - 888.","Ramirez, S., Dressler, R. L. & Ospina, M. (2002) Abejas Euglosina (Hymenoptera: Apidae) de la region neotropical: listado de especies con notas sobre su biologia. Biota Colombiana, 3, 7 - 118.","Roubik, D. W. & Hanson, P. E. (2004) Abejas de orquideas de la America tropical: Biologia y guia de campo. Orchid bees of tropical America: biology and field guide. Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio), Santo Domingo de Heredia, San Jose, 370 pp.","Moure, J. S., Melo, G. A. R. & Faria Jr., L. R. R. (2007) Euglossini Latreille, 1802 In: Moure, J. S., Urban, D. & Melo, G. A. R. (Eds), Catalogue of Bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) in the Neotropical Region. Sociedade Brasileira de Entomologia, Curitiba, pp. 214 - 255.","Schrottky, C. (1913) La distribucion geografica de los Himenopteros Argentinos. Anales de la Sociedad Cientifica Argentina, 75, 115 - 144, 180 - 224, 225 - 286."]}

Exaerete salsai Nem��sio, sp. n. Diagnosis. Exaerete salsai sp. n. is clearly related to the E. dentata species group due to the following characters: hypoepimeron without knob, labial palpus four-segmented, scutellar posterior margin not convex. It can be further attributed to the E. trochanterica species subgroup since its glandular slit is long, reaching apex. Nevertheless, Exaerete salsai sp. n. can be readily distinguished from both E. trochanterica and E. kimseyae by the following characters: bluish green overall coloration (golden green in both E. trochanterica and E. kimseyae ���see Fig. 2 G��� H); mesoscutal line forming a deep depression or sulcus (in E. trochanterica it may form a slight depression or even a slight elevation���see Fig. 2 G���H); when seen from behind, the mesoscutal line of Exaerete salsai sp. n. shows a strip of black setae throughout (this strip of setae is absent in E. trochanterica); disc of mesoscutum with predominantly black setae (predominantly fulvous setae in both E. trochanterica and E. kimseyae); dense punctation on mesoscutal disc, particularly between the notauli and the mesoscutal line (sparser punctation in both E. trochanterica and E. kimseyae). Description (Male, Figs. 2���3, measurements are those of the holotype). Color and vestiture. Uniformly bluish green, with dark blue hues on head and mesoscutum (Fig. 2 A, B, G). Wings dark brown, as in other Exaerete species. Pubescence sparse, predominantly black, denser than that of E. trochanterica and E. kimseyae; scape metallic green. Head. Width 6.8 mm; maximum interorbital distance 4.2 mm; scape 2.1 mm; eye length 4.1 mm; frons without a medial tubercle. Body. Body length ca. 25.7 mm; anterior wing ca. 23.9 mm; tongue in repose reaching S- 1; labial palpus foursegmented; scutellum 4.2 mm wide and 2.4 mm long, with two longitudinal lateral tubercles; scutellar posterior margin straight (Fig. 2 B); hypoepimeron without a knob (Fig. 2 E); abdominal width 8.3 mm. Legs. Foretibia and forebasitarsus fringed with long, dense, fulvous and black hairs; mesotibia inflated; metatibia with hairy glandular scar reaching apex and splitting it in two teeth (Fig. 2 D). Note: basitarsus of the right hind leg was removed from the holotype, the paratypes from Prado and Santa Maria do Salto, as well as the entire hind legs of two paratypes from Itamaraju, for DNA extraction. Metasoma. T 1 -T 7 bluish green, covered with sparse black setae (denser on T 6 -T 7) (Fig. 2 F); S 7 strongly bilobed, incised medially (not as deep as in E. kimseyae ���see Kimsey 1979: 744 as E. trochanterica ��� but not as superficial as in E. trochanterica��� see Anjos-Silva & Reb��lo 2006, as E. guaykuru), with setae covering apical margin of lobed section, but without the transverse row of setae centrally (Fig. 3 A), as seen in E. kimseyae; apex of S 8 rounded (Fig. 3 B); gonostylus subtriangular laterally and clothed in dense setae, as in E. trochanterica; gonocoxal lobe with a projection, very similar to that of E. trochanterica, volsella ovoid, well developed (Fig. 3 C���E). Note: S 7 and S 8 were partially damaged during the dissection process, but general characters were not affected (Fig. 3 A���B). Punctation. Head: frons and clypeus densely punctated, with large (1.2 to 1.4 mm in diameter) round punctures. Mesoscutum: dense punctation proximally, becoming sparser distally; round punctures ranging from 0.04 to 1.0 mm in diameter; punctation particularly dense on the area between the notauli and the mesoscutal line (sparse punctation in both E. trochanterica and E. kimseyae). Scutellum: moderately dense punctation, round punctures ranging from 1.2 to 1.4 mm in diameter. Metasoma: proximal half of T 1 non-punctated; distal half of T 1 and T 2 -T 7 very densely punctuated, with minute (0.0 5 mm long) elongated punctures. Female. Unknown. Etymology. The specific epithet is a patronym honoring the Brazilian ornithologist Marcelo Ferreira de Vasconcelos, the ���Salsa���. Type locality. The holotype was attracted to and collected at a trans -methyl-cinnamate bait at Parque Nacional do Monte Pascoal (16 �� 33 ���S ��� 39 �� 25 ���W; ca. 100 m above sea level), municipality of Porto Seguro, Bahia, Brazil, on the 15 th of December, 2008. Type material. HOLOTYPE: male, with the following label data: ���Euglossina da Hileia Baiana, PN Monte Pascoal, 18954-54268 ���, and ���Porto Seguro, BA, Brasil, 15 / 12 / 2008, A. Nem��sio��� (UFMG). PARATYPES: six males, with the following label data: ���Euglossina da Hileia Baiana, PN Descobrimento, 18961-54279 ���, and ���Prado, BA, Brasil, 15 /01/ 2009, A. Nem��sio��� (UFMG); ���Euglossina da Hileia Baiana, RPPN Duas Barras, 18571-53280 ���, and ���S[an]ta Maria [do] Salto, MG, Brasil, 03/02/ 2011, A. Nem��sio��� (UFMG); ���Permuta UFMG / MNRJ, 18962- 54280 ��� and ���Itamaraju, BA, Brasil, Outubro/ 1985, P. Becker & O. Roppa��� (UFMG); ���idem, 18962-54281 ��� and ���idem��� (MNRJ); ���idem, 18962-54282 ��� and ���idem��� (MNRJ); ���idem, 18962-54283 ��� and ���idem��� (MNRJ). Attractive baits. Holotype attracted to a trans -methyl-cinnamate bait; paratypes attracted to cineole (paratype # 18571-53280) or methyl salicylate (paratype # 18961-54279) baits. There is no information on the scents that attracted the specimens collected in Itamaraju in 1985, although it is known that only three scents were used by the collectors: cineole, eugenol, and methyl salicylate (P. Becker, pers. comm.). In comparison, E. trochanterica is only attracted to methyl salicylate to date (Kimsey 1979; Anjos-Silva & Reb��lo 2006). There is no information on the scents attractive to E. kimseyae (see Oliveira 2011). Geographic distribution. Only known from the southernmost portion of the state of Bahia and the neighbor region of Santa Maria do Salto, in the state of Minas Gerais. It is noticeable that the forest patches in Santa Maria do Salto are situated at ca. 1,0 0 0 m above sea level, whereas the remaining areas where this species was collected are situated approximately at sea level., Published as part of Nem��sio, Andr��, 2011, Exaerete salsai sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Apidae): a new orchid bee from eastern Brazil, pp. 12-20 in Zootaxa 2967 on pages 14-17, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.205169, {"references":["Kimsey, L. S. (1979) An illustrated key to the genus Exaerete with descriptions of male genitalia and biology (Hymenoptera: Euglossini, Apidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 52, 735 - 746.","Anjos-Silva, E. J. & Rebelo, J. M. M. (2006) A new species of Exaerete Hoffmannsegg (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossini) from Brazil. Zootaxa, 1105, 27 - 35.","Oliveira, M. L. (2011) Notas taxonomicas sobre Exaerete (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossina), com a descricao de uma nova especie. Biota Neotropica, 11, http: // www. biotaneotropica. org. br / v 11 n 1 / pt / abstract? article + bn 02011012011."]}

2. Euglossa piliventris Gu��rin-M��neville, 1844 (Figs 5, 6) Euglossa piliventris was described based on male and female specimens from the state of Par��, Brazil, in the eastern portion of the Brazilian Amazon (Gu��rin-M��neville 1844). Later, Friese (1899: 136���137) mentioned he saw type specimens in ���coll. Saussure��� (now in Naturalis, Leiden, Netherlands), in addition to (non-type) specimens from Colombia (Bogot��, Muzo), Brazil, Suriname, Cayenne (in French Guiana) and Peru in collections he visited (Rasmussen & Ascher 2008). Moure (1967 b) mentioned ��� type male and female in coll. Saussure���, attributing this information to Friese (1899). Moure (1967 b) also mentioned ���a paratype female seen by the author at the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale (MSNG), Genova��� and considered the geographic distribution of this species as Brazil (states of Amap��, Amazonas and Par��), ���Guianas��� and Peru. Roubik (2004) recognized two forms among the bees usually treated as Eg. piliventris and considered the female specimen from Par�� deposited at MSNG as the ��� holotype ��� of Eg. piliventris. With the available data, Roubik (2004: 238, 244���246) considered Eg. lugubris Roubik, 2004 as restricted to western Amazon and Eg. piliventris as restricted to the eastern Amazon. Moure et al. (2007) listed only female onomatophores deposited at the ���Museo Civico di Storia Naturale��� and at the ���Naturalis��� of Eg. piliventris (as syntypes). Males were apparently not traceable. Finally, Nem��sio (2009 a: 238, footnote 81) recognized Roubik���s (2004) designation of a lectotype stating that: ��� Moure (1967 b: 405) listed syntypes (male and female) ���in coll. Saussure��� and a ���paratype��� at the ���Museo Civico di Storia Naturale���, Genoa. As a member of the type series, this ���paratype��� mentioned by Moure was eligible to be designated as a lectotype [it is from Par��, as in the original description by Gu��rin-M��neville (1844: 458)]. Moure et al. (2007: 240) treated the type material as a syntypic series, but I here recognize Roubik���s (2004: 246) action of selecting this female deposited in Genoa as lectotype as valid (in spite of writing ���holotype��� instead of ���lectotype���). Male and female specimens deposited at the ���Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum���, Leiden, the Netherlands, become, thus, paralectotypes ���. Although it is correct that the specimen deposited at MSNG is eligible to be designated as a lectotype, Roubik���s (2004) action cannot be validated under the Code, since Article 74.7 of the Code states that lectotype designations after 1999, to be valid, must employ the term ��� lectotype ��� or an exact translation (e.g., ��� lectotypus ���, but not ���the type ���) and must contain an express statement of the taxonomic purpose of the designation, two criteria not met by Roubik (2004): he used ��� holotype ��� instead of ��� lectotype ��� or an exact translation and his designation contained no express statement of its taxonomic purpose (although it is implicit from his entire work, in which a similar species was described, that fixing the identity of the species Eg. piliventris was essential). To avoid any misinterpretations in the future, and since Roubik (2004) clearly established the identity of Euglossa piliventris to avoid confusion with the similar Eg. lugubris described in that paper, in the aim of nomenclatural stability, we designate in this work the female Eg. piliventris from Brazil, state of Par��, deposited at the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Genoa, Italy, as the lectotype of the Eg. piliventris Gu��rin-M��neville, 1844. The specimens deposited at the Naturalis, Leiden, the Netherlands, become, thus, paralectotypes. A photograph of the lectotype is here provided (Fig. 5), as well as of its labels (Fig. 6)., Published as part of Nem��sio, Andr�� & Rasmussen, Claus, 2011, Nomenclatural issues in the orchid bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossina) and an updated catalogue, pp. 1-42 in Zootaxa 3006 on pages 10-11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.203410, {"references":["Guerin-Meneville, F. E. (1844) Iconographie du regne animal de G. Cuvier, ou representation d'apres nature de l'une des especes les plus remarquables et souvent non encore figurees, de chaque genre d'animaux. Avec un texte descriptif mis au courant de la science. Ouvrage pouvant servir d'atlas a tous les traites de zoologie (Vol. 7). Bailliere, Paris, 576 pp.","Friese, H. (1899) Monographie der Bienengattung Euglossa Latr. Termeszetrajzi Fuzetek, 22, 117 - 172.","Rasmussen, C. & Ascher, J. S. (2008) Heinrich Friese (1860 - 1948): Names proposed and notes on a pioneer melittologist (Hymenoptera, Anthophila). Zootaxa, 1833, 1 - 118.","Moure, J. S. (1967 b) A check-list of the known euglossine bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Atas do Simposio Sobre a Biota Amazonica, Zoologia, 5, 395 - 415.","Moure, J. S., Melo, G. A. R. & Faria Jr., L. R. R. (2007) Euglossini Latreille, 1802 In: Moure, J. S., Urban, D. & Melo, G. A. R. (Eds), Catalogue of Bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) in the Neotropical Region. Sociedade Brasileira de Entomologia, Curitiba, pp. 214 - 255.","Nemesio, A. (2009 a) Orchid bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) of the Brazilian Atlantic forest. Zootaxa, 2041, 1 - 242."]}

Euglossa occidentalis Roubik, 2004 The record of this species in the state of Par�� represents a range extension of about 2,500 km eastwards. This astonishing record, without any known specimen from the intermediate state of Amazonas, led us to consider that it could be a misidentification. Comparison with photographs of the holotype and with the original description by Roubik (2004), however, confirmed that morphologically the specimens from Par�� deposited at UFMG are indistinguishable from E. occidentalis. The mesotibial tufts of this species resembles those of E. ignita, but general integument coloration and, especially, shape and position of S 2 tufts clearly distinguishes both species (see Figures 5 N and 5 O). The specific epithet ��� occidentalis ��� was erected since Roubik (2004) considered it to be restricted to the westernmost part of the Amazon Basin. The current record, however, suggests a widespread distribution in the Amazon, but close examination of museum specimens labeled under other E. (Glossura) nomina, besides field work in the regions between the now known disjunct geographic distribution may reveal whether this hypothesis is correct., Published as part of Nem��sio, Andr�� & Ferrari, Rafael R., 2011, Species of Euglossa (Glossura) and E. (Glossuropoda) (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossina) occurring in the Amazon, including new records for Brazil, pp. 1-13 in Zootaxa 2885 on page 10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277598

Apis meriana Olivier, 1789 and Apis dimidiata Fabricius, 1793 Description of the NEOTYPE male (same specimen for both species) (Fig. 4): Measurements: total length ca. 26.0 mm; head width ca. 7.3 mm; eye length ca. 5.0 mm; scutellum width ca. 5.5 mm; scutellum length ca. 3.2 mm; abdominal width ca. 11.0 mm. Color and vestiture. Face and head entirely black (Fig. 4 C), mesosoma dark brown with black hairs, T 1 ���T 4 dark with greenish metallic hues, first 2 / 3 of its length clothed in black setae and distal 1 / 3 clothed in yellow setae; T 5 ���T 7 brown with predominantly long reddish setae (Fig. 4 A); fifth sternum with very sparse setae (Fig. 4 B). Legs. Velvet area of mesotibia not reaching the distal portion, leaving only a broad black area around; mesotibial tuft small, occupying the basal first quarter of the velvet area (Fig. 4 D); metatibia covered with very sparse black hairs. Diagnosis. Eulaema meriana is similar to the sympatric El. bombiformis (Packard, 1869). Nevertheless, they can easily be distinguished by the presence of dense setae on the fifth sternum of El. bombiformis, leaving only a glabrous median longitudinal line (only sparse and short setae on the fifth sternum in El. meriana)., Published as part of Nem��sio, Andr�� & Rasmussen, Claus, 2011, Nomenclatural issues in the orchid bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossina) and an updated catalogue, pp. 1-42 in Zootaxa 3006 on pages 9-10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.203410, {"references":["Olivier, G. A. (1789) Abeille. In: G. A. Olivier (Ed.), [Encyclopedie methodique, ou par ordre de matieres; par une societe de gens de lettres, de savants et d'artistes] Encyclopedie methodique, histoire naturelle, insectes. Panckoucke, Plomteux, Paris & Liege, pp. 46 - 84.","Fabricius, J. C. (1793) Entomologia Systematica emendata et aucta, secundun Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species adjectis Synonimis, Locis, Observationibus, Descriptionibus. T. 2. Christ. Gottl. Proft, Hafniae [= Copenhagen] viii + 519 pp.","Packard, A. S. (1869) List of hymenopterous and lepidopterous insects collected by the Smithsonian expedition to South America, under Prof. James Orton. Annual Report of the Trustees of the Peabody Academy of Science, 1, 56 - 69."]}

Genus Exaerete Hoffmannsegg, 1817 Exaerete Hoffmannsegg, 1817: 53. Type species: Apis dentata Linnaeus, 1758, monobasic. Chrysantheda Perty, 1833: 147 ���148. Type species: Chrysantheda nitida Perty, 1833, monobasic. Caliendra Gistel, 1848: viii, unjustified replacement for Chrysantheda Perty, 1833. Type species: Chrysantheda nitida Perty, 1833, autobasic (see Chrysantheda Perty, 1833). Exaerete azteca Moure, 1964: 15 ���16, Holotype 3, SEMC: MEXICO, Hidalgo, 38 miles NE of Jacala, 3100 ft., leg. University of Kansas Mexican Expedition. Exaerete dentata [Apis] (Linnaeus, 1758: 575), image: Nem��sio, 2009 a: 195, 196, 198a���f, Holotype ��, UUZM: ���Indiis��� (possibly WEST INDIES or SURINAME). nitida [Chrysantheda] (Perty, 1833: 148, pl. 28, fig. 8), image: Nem��sio, 2009 a: 33 (org. plate), 199 a���f, Holotype ��, ZSM: BRAZIL, Piau��, leg. Spix et al. subcornuta [Chrysantheda] (Romand, 1849: xxxvi���xxxviii), Holotype 3,?: VENEZUELA, Miranda, Caracas, leg. Sall��: Published after September 12, 1849. appendiculata [Chrysantheda] (Romand, 1849: xxxvi, pl. 7, fig. Ia���c), Holotype 3, see subcornuta: VENE- ZUELA, Miranda, Caracas, leg. Sall��: Proposed as a junior synonym of subcornuta, based on the same specimen; Published after September 12, 1849. Exaerete frontalis [Euglossa] (Gu��rin-M��neville, 1844: 458), image: Nem��sio, 2009 a: 194 b, d, f, 200, 201 a���f, Neotype 3 (lost holotype was ��), Nem��sio, 2009 a: 194, figs. 194 b, 194 d, 194 f, UFMG: BRAZIL, Par��, Oriximin��, Porto Trombetas, leg. Martines. lucida Erichson, 1849 (��� 1848 ���): 592, Holotype 3, ZMHB (only pin and labels left): GUYANA, leg. Schomburgk et al.: Possibly syntypes; published March 10, 1849 and not 1848. Exaerete kimseyae Oliveira, 2011: 2 ���4, figs. 1���7 [figs. of male genitalia of Ex. trochanterica in Kimsey (1979) should also be considered as figs. of holotype Ex. kimseyae, the only known specimen], Holotype 3, UCDC: PANAMA, Col��n, Barro Colorado Island, leg. Kimsey. Exaerete lepeletieri Oliveira & Nem��sio, 2003: 117 ���119, figs. 2, 4, 5, 6, image: Nem��sio, 2009 a: 194 a, c, e, Holotype 3, INPA: BRAZIL, Acre, Rio Branco, leg. Oliveira. Exaerete salsai Nem��sio, 2011 c: 14 ���15, figs. 2���3, Holotype 3, UFMG: BRAZIL, Bahia, Porto Seguro, leg. Nem��sio. Exaerete smaragdina [Euglossa] (Gu��rin-M��neville, 1844: 458), image: Nem��sio, 2009 a: 193 a���b, 202, 204 a���h, 206, Lectotype ��, designated by Moure, 1967 b: 414, MSNG: MEXICO, Yucat��n, Campeche. aurata Erichson, 1849 (��� 1848 ���): 592, Holotype ��, ZMHB: GUYANA, leg. Schomburgk et al.: Possibly syntypes; published March 10, 1849 and not 1848. cyanescens [Exaerete smaragdina ssp.] Cockerell, 1926: 657, image: Nem��sio, 2009 a: 205 a���h, Holotype; invalid lectotype designation of holotype ��, Moure, 1967 b: 413, AMNH: TRINIDAD & TOBAGO, leg. Urich. Exaerete trochanterica [Chrysantheda] (Friese, 1900: 66���67), Holotype ��, ZMHB: BRAZIL, Par��, Bel��m, leg. Schulz. guaykuru Anjos-Silva & Reb��lo, 2006: 29���33, figs. 1, 2, 7, 12, 17, 22, 23, Holotype 3, MPSP: BRAZIL, Mato Grosso, Chapada dos Guimar��es, 600 m, leg. Anjos���Silva., Published as part of Nem��sio, Andr�� & Rasmussen, Claus, 2011, Nomenclatural issues in the orchid bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossina) and an updated catalogue, pp. 1-42 in Zootaxa 3006 on page 32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.203410, {"references":["Hoffmannsegg, J. C. (1817) Entomologische Bemerkungen bei Gelegenheit der Abhandlungen uber amerikanische Insecten, in der vierten bis sechsten Lieferung von den Recueils d'observations de Zoologie et d'Anatomie comparee, oder dem 2 ten Theile der Reise, der Herren Al. v. Humboldt und A. Bonpland, nemlich: No. IX. in Livr. 4. p. 197 - 283 und No. XI. XII. in Livr. 5. 6. p. 294 - 397. Zoologisches Magazin (Kiel), 1, 8 - 56.","Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae per Regna tria Naturae, secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Charateribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio Decima Reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae [= Stockholm], [4] + [1 - 5] + 6 + 823 + [1] pp.","Perty, M. (1833) Delectus animalium articulatorum: quae in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX jussu et auspiciis Maximiliani Josephi I. Bavariae regis augustissimi peracto collegerunt Dr. J. B. de Spix et Dr. C. F. Ph. de Martius. Impensis Editoris, Munich, iii + 224 pp.","Gistel, J. N. F. X. (1848) Naturgeschichte des Thierreichs fur hohere Schulen. Hoffman'sche Verlags-Buchhandlung, Stuttgart, xvi + 216 pp., 32 pls.","Moure, J. S. (1964) A key to the parasitic Euglossinae bees and a new species of Exaerete from Mexico (Hymenoptera- Apoidea). Revista de Biologia Tropical, 12, 15 - 18.","Nemesio, A. (2009 a) Orchid bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) of the Brazilian Atlantic forest. Zootaxa, 2041, 1 - 242.","Romand, B. (1849) Nouveaux details sur l'appendice extraordinarie que presente la tete d'une Chrysantheda male. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, [2] 7, xxxvi-xxxviii, pl. 7.","Guerin-Meneville, F. E. (1844) Iconographie du regne animal de G. Cuvier, ou representation d'apres nature de l'une des especes les plus remarquables et souvent non encore figurees, de chaque genre d'animaux. Avec un texte descriptif mis au courant de la science. Ouvrage pouvant servir d'atlas a tous les traites de zoologie (Vol. 7). Bailliere, Paris, 576 pp.","Erichson, W. F. (1849) [\" 1848 \"] Insecten. In: M. R. Schomburgk (Ed.), Reisen in Britisch-Guiana in den Jahren 1840 - 1844. In Auftrag Sr. Majestat des Konigs von Preussen ausgefuhrt von Richard Schomburgk. Nebst einer Fauna and Flora Guiana's nach Vorlagen von Johannes Muller, Ehrenberg, Erichson, Klotzsch, Troschel, Cabanis and anderen. Mit Abbildungen und einder Karte von Britisch-Guiana aufgenommen von Sir Robert Schomburgk. J. J. Weber, Leipzig, pp. 553 - 617.","Oliveira, M. L. (2011) Notas taxonomicas sobre Exaerete (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossina), com a descricao de uma nova especie. Biota Neotropica, 11, http: // www. biotaneotropica. org. br / v 11 n 1 / pt / abstract? article + bn 02011012011. (Accessed May 31, 2011)","Kimsey, L. S. (1979) An illustrated key to the genus Exaerete with descriptions of male genitalia and biology (Hymenoptera: Euglossini, Apidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 52, 735 - 746.","Oliveira, M. L. & Nemesio, A. (2003) Exaerete lepeletieri (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Apini: Euglossina): a new cleptoparasitic bee from Amazonia. Lundiana, 4, 117 - 120.","Nemesio, A. (2011 c) Exaerete salsai sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Apidae): a new orchid bee from eastern Brazil. Zootaxa, 2967, 12 - 20.","Moure, J. S. (1967 b) A check-list of the known euglossine bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Atas do Simposio Sobre a Biota Amazonica, Zoologia, 5, 395 - 415.","Cockerell, T. D. A. (1926) Descriptions and records of bees. - CXI. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, [9] 17, 657 - 665.","Friese, H. (1900) Neue exotische Schmarotzerbienen. Entomologische Nachrichten, 26, 65 - 67.","Anjos-Silva, E. J. d. & Rebelo, J. M. M. (2006) A new species of Exaerete Hoffmannsegg (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossini) from Brazil. Zootaxa, 1105, 27 - 35."]}

Exaerete lepeletieri Oliveira & Nemésio (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossina), a cleptoparasitic species recently described from the Brazilian Amazon, is recorded for the first time outside Brazil, through a female specimen collected in Merida Province, Venezuela.

Euglossa milenae Bemb��, 2007 Bemb�� (2007) described Euglossa milenae from Bolivia, with a large geographic distribution that included northern South America, Central America, and Brazil (states of Par��, in the Amazon, and Esp��rito Santo, in the Atlantic Forest). The record of Eg. milenae for the Atlantic Forest was based on a single specimen deposited at Moure���s Collection, at Universidade Federal do Paran�� (Bemb�� 2007). Nevertheless, this species was not included in my list of species occurring in the Atlantic Forest (Nem��sio 2009), due to the following reasons: ���I could not study the single male from Esp��rito Santo, deposited at UFPR (Curitiba), and could not find this species among the hundreds of males from Esp��rito Santo I examined. I exclude this species from the Atlantic Forest species list until future studies confirm its presence��� (Nem��sio 2009: 25). The males collected in Alagoas and here treated as Euglossa milenae are indistinguishable from the holotype, which I studied, and from a paratype from the type locality generously donated to me by B. Bemb�� and currently deposited at the Entomological Collections of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Even details of general coloration, as the strong blue clypeus, are alike (see photographs of the holotype in Nem��sio 2009: 26). This species showed a preference for the largest and best preserved forest remnant of Serra da Bananeira at ESEC Murici (see Table 1), suggesting it has some dependence on well-preserved environments., Published as part of Nem��sio, Andr��, 2010, The orchid-bee fauna (Hymenoptera: Apidae) of a forest remnant in northeastern Brazil, with new geographic records and an identification key to the known species of the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil, pp. 55-66 in Zootaxa 2656 on page 62, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.276233, {"references":["Bembe, B. (2007) Revision der Euglossa cordata - Gruppe und Untersuchungen zur Funktionsmorphologie und Faunistik der Euglossini (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Entomofauna, Supplement, 14, 1 - 146.","Nemesio, A. (2009) Orchid bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Zootaxa, 2041, 1 - 242."]}

Euglossa analis Westwood, 1840 Euglossa analis is a widespread species in both the Amazon Basin and the Atlantic Forest. Nonetheless, it has been treated as a species highly dependent on large and densely forested areas (Tonhasca Jr. et al. 2002; Nem��sio & Silveira 2006 b). In the Atlantic Forest, this species was recorded from southern Bahia to northeastern S��o Paulo, always in large preserves of forest [> 10,000 ha; e.g., (i) Reserva Natural Vale, Linhares, Esp��rito Santo (Bonilla-G��mez 1999), (ii) Reserva Biol��gica de Sooretama, Sooretama, Esp��rito Santo (A. Nem��sio, unpub. data), (iii) Parque Estadual do Desengano, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro (Tonhasca Jr. et al. 2002), (iv) Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Ubatuba, S��o Paulo (Nem��sio 2009), (v) Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, Marli��ria, Minas Gerais (Nem��sio & Silveira 2006 b), (vi) Parque Nacional do Monte Pascoal, Porto Seguro, Bahia (A. Nem��sio, unpub. data), (vii) Parque Nacional do Descobrimento, Prado, Bahia (A. Nem��sio, unpub. data)]. This is the northernmost record of this species in the Atlantic Forest domain, extending its geographic distribution over 1,000 Km northwards compared to its previous known occurrence (southern Bahia) and also the smallest forest patch where this species has ever been recorded. The occurrence of Euglossa analis at ESEC Murici, together with other potentially forest dependent species such as Eulaema felipei and Euglossa roubiki, reinforces the suggestion that this area has a very important strategic role concerning the conservation of orchid bees in northeastern Brazil. Moreover, it also shed some light on biogeography, especially on the discussion on the possible routes used by orchid bees when the two largest forested biomes of South America were connected. Although it is highly accepted that a connection between the Amazon and the Atlantic forest existed via northeastern Brazil (e.g., Coimbra-Filho & C��mara 1996; Vivo 1997; Costa 2003; Vivo & Carmignotto 2004), other hypotheses also suggest central Brazil as an alternative route, even for orchid bees (Dressler 1979; Nem��sio & Silveira 2004, 2006c; Nem��sio et al. 2007). This record shows that the absence of Eg. analis from the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil was an artifact created by the fact that appropriate habitat for this species (and other highly sensitive species) was almost entirely wiped out. The previously studied remaining forest fragments seem to be not large enough to sustain viable populations of those species highly dependent on habitats found deeply in the interior of forests. This finding shows that Eg. analis, and probably other sensitive species such as Euglossa cognata Moure, 1970 (not recorded at ESEC Murici but usually found at the same areas where Eg. analis occurs), could have been once widespread in northeastern Brazil but became extinct in most of its original Atlantic Forest range, only surviving in the largeest preserves in northeastern and southeastern Brazil. Unfortunately, the situation faced by this area is dramatic (owners of the land where the ESEC Murici was established were not yet paid by the government; intensive land use; few personnel to patrol the area; presence of hunters, wood dealers and even an entire population of over 6,000 people established by the government around the ESEC Murici in an official program to distribute land to poor families���reviewed by Nem��sio 2010). Populations of many threatened animal and plant species occurring at the area are rapidly declining (e.g., Olmos 2005; Tabarelli et al. 2006 a, b) and there is no reason to believe that the same fate will not be met by the most sensitive orchid-bee species of the area, especially Euglossa analis and Eulaema felipei., Published as part of Nem��sio, Andr��, 2010, The orchid-bee fauna (Hymenoptera: Apidae) of a forest remnant in northeastern Brazil, with new geographic records and an identification key to the known species of the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil, pp. 55-66 in Zootaxa 2656 on pages 62-63, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.276233, {"references":["Westwood, J. O. (1840) Foreign Bees. Pp. 260 - 301. In: Duncan, J. (Ed.) The Natural History of Bees, in W. Jardine (ed.) The Naturalist's Library. Lizars, Edinburgh.","Tonhasca Jr., A., Blackmer; J. L. & Albuquerque, G. S. (2002 a) Abundance and diversity of euglossine bees in the fragmented landscape of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Biotropica, 34, 416 - 422.","Nemesio, A. & Silveira, F. A. (2006 b) Edge effects on the orchid-bee fauna (Hymenoptera: Apidae) at a large remnant of Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil. Neotropical Entomology, 35, 313 - 323.","Bonilla-Gomez, M. A. (1999) Caracterizacao da Estrutura Espaco-temporal da Comunidade de Abelhas Euglossinas (Hymenoptera, Apidae) na Hileia Bahiana. Ph. D. Dissertation. Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, xii + 153 pp.","Nemesio, A. (2009) Orchid bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Zootaxa, 2041, 1 - 242.","Coimbra-Filho, A. F. & Camara, I. G. (1996) Os Limites Originais do Bioma Mata Atlantica na Regiao Nordeste do Brasil. FBCN, Rio de Janeiro. 86 pp.","Vivo, M. (1997) Mammalian evidence of historical ecological change in the Caatinga semiarid vegetation of northeastern Brazil. Journal of Comparative Biology, 2, 65 - 73.","Costa, L. P. (2003) The historical bridge between the Amazon and the Atlantic Forest of Brazil: a study of molecular phylogeography with small mammals. Journal of Biogeography, 30, 71 - 86.","Vivo, M. & Carmignotto, A. P. (2004) Holocene vegetation change and the mammal faunas of South America and Africa. Journal of Biogeography, 31, 943 - 957.","Dressler, R. L. (1979) Eulaema bombiformis, E. meriana, and Mullerian mimicry in related species (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Biotropica, 11, 144 - 151.","Nemesio, A. & Silveira, F. A. (2004) Biogeographic notes on rare species of Euglossina (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Apini) occurring in the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest. Neotropical Entomology, 33, 117 - 120.","Nemesio, A. & Silveira, F. A. (2006 c) First record of Eulaema helvola (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossina) for the state of Minas Gerais: biogeographic and taxonomic implications. Neotropical Entomology, 35, 418 - 420.","Moure, J. S. (1970) The species of euglossine bees of Central America belonging to the subgenus Euglossella. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 42, 148 - 157.","Olmos, F. (2005) Aves ameacadas, prioridades e politicas de conservacao no Brasil. Natureza & Conservacao, 3, 21 - 42.","Tabarelli, M., Siqueira Filho, J. A. & Santos, A. M. M. (2006 a) A floresta atlantica ao norte do rio Sao Francisco. In: Porto, K. C, Almeida-Cortez, J. S. & Tabarelli, M. (Eds), Diversidade biologica e conservacao da floresta atlantica ao norte do rio Sao Francisco. Ministerio do Meio Ambiente, Brasilia, pp. 23 - 37.","Tabarelli, M., Aguiar, A. V., Grillo, A. S. & Santos, A. M. M. (2006 b) Fragmentacao e perda de habitats na mata atlantica ao norte do rio Sao Francisco. In: Siqueira, J. A., Filho & Leme, E. M. C. (Eds), Fragmentos da mata atlantica do nordeste: biodiversidade, conservacao e suas bromelias. Andrea Jakobson, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 81 - 99."]}

Eulaema (Apeulaema) felipei Nem��sio sp. n. Diagnosis. Eulaema felipei sp. n. is very similar to the Amazonian Eulaema (Apeulaema) mocsaryi (Friese, 1899), but can be readily distinguished by the darker coloration of T 2 and T 3 (dark orange in E. felipei sp. n. and pale yellow to dark yellow in E. mocsaryi) and especially by the darker coloration of the setae on mesoscutum and mesepisternum (entirely deep black in E. felipei sp. n. and brown to dark brown in E. mocsaryi). Males belonging to E. felipei sp. n. have at most very weak yellowish markings on the clypeus and none of the twelve known specimens have yellowish markings on paraocular, malar or supraclypeal areas (a common feature in males belonging to E. mocsaryi, although these markings are never so extensive in E. mocsaryi as in other members of Apeulaema). There is no other Eulaema in the entire Atlantic Forest that can be confused with E. felipei sp. n., since this species is the only one in this biome that has no black setae on any metasomal terga. Description (Male, Fig. 3). Color and vestiture. Face and head black without metallic hues or yellowish markings on clypeus and malar area (holotype and some paratypes; other paratypes possess a narrow dark yellow marking on clypeus) (Fig. 3 B), mesosoma black with black hairs, T 1 black with yellow setae, T 2 ���T 3 black, the first 9 / 10 of their lengths with dark orange setae, the distal portion with pale yellow setae, T 4 ���T 7 black with only yellow setae (Fig. 3 A). Wings dark brown basally, pale brown distally, except marginal cell of anterior wing, which is dark brown. Head. Width 6.4 mm; interorbital distance at level of antennal sockets 3.3 mm; scape 1.9 mm. Body. Body length ca. 20.0 mm; anterior wing ca. 16.0 mm; tongue in repose reaching hindcoxa; scutellum 5.5 mm wide, 2.0 mm long; abdominal width 9.5 mm. Legs. Velvet area of mesotibia large and broad, almost reaching the distal portion of the tibia, leaving only a tiny smooth black area around it; mesotibial tuft large, occupying almost the entire basal portion of the velvet area (Fig. 3 C); metatibia covered with sparse, short appressed black hairs (Fig. 3 D). Punctation. Sparse, small and circular punctures on clypeus; denser, larger and elongated on labrum and around clypeus; sparse, very small and circular punctures on mesoscutum; dense, small and circular punctures on T 1 ���T 3, larger and elongated on T 4 ���T 7; sparse, small and elongated punctures on metatibia. Female. Unknown. Etymology. The specific epithet is a patronym honoring my eight-year-old son, Felipe A. Nem��sio. Type locality. The holotype was attracted to and collected at methyl salicylate bait at Esta����o Ecol��gica de Murici, Serra da Bananeira site, at 09�� 13 ��� 23 ���S ��� 35 �� 52 ��� 45 ���W, ca. 520 m above sea level, on the 3 rd of September, 2009. Type material. HOLOTYPE: male, with the following label data: ���Euglossina de Alagoas, Est.[a����o] Ecol.[��gica] de Murici, 14954-43460 ��� and ���Murici, AL, Brasil, 03/09/ 2009, A. Nem��sio��� (UFMG). PARATYPES: eleven males, with the following label data: ���Euglossina de Alagoas, Est.[a����o] Ecol.[��gica] de Murici, 14954-43459 ��� and ���Murici, AL, Brasil, 03/09/ 2009, A. Nem��sio��� (UFMG); ���idem, 14972-43498 ��� and ���Murici, AL, Brasil, 04/09/ 2009, A. Nem��sio��� (UFMG); ���idem, 14976-43504 ��� and ���idem��� (UFMG); ���idem, 14991-43504 ��� and ���idem��� (UFMG); ���idem, 15018-43595 ��� and ���Murici, AL, Brasil, 05/09/ 2009, A. Nem��sio��� (UFMG); ���idem, 15035-43638 ��� and ���idem��� (UFMG); ���idem, 15035-43687 ��� and ���idem��� (UFMG); ���idem, 15166-43993 ��� and ���Murici, AL, Brasil, 08/09/ 2009, A. Nem��sio��� (MNRJ); ���idem, 15176-44021 ��� and ���idem��� (ZSM); ���idem, 15176-44022 ��� and ���idem��� (AMNH); ���idem, 15177-44032 ��� and ���idem��� (UFMG). Attractive baits: ��-ionone and methyl salicylate. Geographic distribution: only known from the type locality, a small forest patch (ca. 2,700 ha) located at Serra da Bananeira, at ESEC Murici, municipality of Murici, state of Alagoas, Brazil. Comments: recognition of this tiny and isolated population as a new species is important for conservation reasons, as discussed below in more detail. It is impossible to establish plans devoted to the conservation of a species that does not officially exist. Thus, due to (1) the consistent differences in coloration between this species and its putative closest ally, El. mocsaryi; (2) the astonishing geographical disjunction between El. felipei sp. n. and El. mocsaryi (even considering the single record of this latter species in the state of Piau��), suggesting both ���populations��� are entirely isolated (Fig. 4), especially considering they are highly dependent on densely forested areas, virtually non-existent between the Amazonian and the Atlantic forests; and (3) the need of establishing a name to make it possible to start conservation actions, I here describe this new species of Eulaema as Eulaema (Apeulaema) felipei. The number of species now known to belong to Eulaema (Apeulaema) increases to seven. Below I provide an updated identification key for all species of the subgenus., Published as part of Nem��sio, Andr��, 2010, Eulaema (Apeulaema) felipei sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossina): a new forest-dependent orchid bee found at the brink of extinction in northeastern Brazil, pp. 51-62 in Zootaxa 2424 on pages 54-55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.194570, {"references":["Friese, H. (1899) Monographie der Bienengattung Euglossa Latr. Termeszetrajzi Fuzetek, 22, 117 - 172."]}

Buffon's "Guarouba" or "Perriche jaune" is illustrated in his magnificent "Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux" and was interpreted by Buffon as the same bird described by Marcgrave in the 17 th century as "Guarouba" or "Quijubatui". Nevertheless, the bird described by Marcgrave corresponds to the species formally described by Gmelin (1789) as Psittacus guarouba and currently known as Guarouba guarouba. Buffon's bird was named Psittacus luteus Boddaert, 1783, became the type-species of the genus Aratinga, and has long been considered a junior synonym of Psittacus solstitialis Linnaeus, 1758 (now Aratinga solstitialis). However, Buffon's illustration, upon which the description of P. luteus Boddaert, 1783 was based, is not an Aratinga solstitialis, but a similar species recently redescribed and named Aratinga pintoi Silveira, Lima & Höfling, 2005. An earlier, although long overlooked, older synonym of P. luteus, is Psittacus maculatus Statius Müller, 1776, also based on Buffon's plate, and which turns out to be the valid nomen of this species. Thus, Aratinga maculata (Statius Müller, 1776) comb. nov. is the senior synonym of both Psittacus luteus Boddaert, 1783 syn. nov. and Aratinga pintoi Silveira, Lima & Höfling, 2005 syn. nov. In order to establish nomenclatural stability, the holotype of Aratinga pintoi is here designated as neotype of both Psittacus maculatus and Psittacus luteus, establishing an objective synonymy among the three nomina.

Euglossa solangeae Nem��sio sp. n. Diagnosis (male characters). This species can be distinguished from other Euglossa species by the following character combination: anterior tuft of mesotibia entire, subtriangular, and, at most, of same size as posterior tuft; hairs of anterior mid-tibial tuft longer and paler than those of posterior tuft (Figure 2 C and 2 E); mid basitarsus with internal keel; metatibia triangular (Figure 2 D); punctation of T 5 and T 6 dense, punctures circular and small (Figure 2 G); two mandibular teeth; sternal tufts small and widely separated; extended tongue in repose reaching the apex of the metasoma (Figure 2 A); complete ivory paraocular markings (Figure 2 B). This species is very similar to both E. stellfeldi and E. annectans. It can be readily distinguished from E. stellfeldi due to its dark blue to violet clypeus and due to the shape and size of the mid-tibial tufts (in E. stellfeldi the anterior tuft is larger than the posterior one and this latter tuft is oval���see Dressler 1982 a). Euglossa annectans and E. solangeae sp. n. share a blue clypeus, but the anterior mid-tibial tuft is much larger than the posterior one and is oval in shape in E. annectans (Figure 2 F). Punctation of T 5 and T 6 is also quite different in both species: in E. solangeae sp. n. punctures are small and rounded on both T 5 and T 6 (Figure 2 G); in E. annectans they are medium-sized and hexagonal on T 5 and larger and elongate on T 6 (Figure 2 H). Male Color and vestiture. Uniformly greenish-blue (Figure 2 A); clypeus dark blue (Figure 2 B). Wings pale brown. Pubescence very sparse, black and fulvous hairs evenly distributed on mesosoma; predominantly fulvous hairs on rest of body. Ivory paraocular markings well developed, reaching malar area; anterior surface of antennal scape with white stripe occupying almost all its length (Figure 2 B). Head. Width 5.0 mm; interorbital distance at level of antennal sockets 2.8 mm; maximum interorbital distance 3.0 mm; scape 0.9 mm; eye length 3.3 mm; mandible with two teeth. Body. Body length ca. 13.5 mm; anterior wing ca. 9.7 mm; tongue in repose reaching apex of metasoma; scutellum 3.3 mm wide and 1.2 mm long; abdominal width 5.2 mm. Legs. Foretibia and forebasitarsus fringed with long, dense, fulvous and black hairs; velvet area covering ventral side of mesotibia, posterior and anterior mid-tibial tufts approximately same size, posterior one trapezoid, anterior one subtriangular (Figures 2 C and 2 E), hairs of anterior mid-tibial tuft longer and paler than those of posterior tuft; mid basitarsus with an internal keel; metatibia triangular, acute, post-glandular area fringed with long fulvous hairs (0.93 mm) (Figure 2 D). Metasoma. Punctation on discal base of T 1 sparse, with large, rounded punctures; on distal part of T 1 and T 2 -T 6 dense, composed of small and rounded punctures; on T 7 dense, with large, elongated punctures (Figure 2 G); S 2 with small, widely separated tufts. Female. Similar to male, with the following differences: tongue longer, exceeding apex of metasoma; mandible with three teeth; clypeus violet, head violet, top of head and clypeus with black hairs, antennal sockets with fulvous hairs, scape entirely dark, with no white markings, paraocular markings lacking; legs violet with fulvous hairs; metasoma violet with black hairs above and fulvous hairs laterally, hair tuft of scutellum measuring 1.00 x 0.65 mm; mesosoma dark violet with green hues laterally, T 6 bright green apically; sterna bluish-green with a broad longitudinal band dark violet. [Description based on the female (Allotype) with the following label data: ��� Ilha do Cardoso, SP, Brasil, 25 /IX/ 2005, S. C. Augusto��� and ��� 12327-36331 ��� (UFMG)] Etymology. The species epithet honours Dr. Solange Cristina Augusto, who has long studied orchid bees and made a large number of specimens available to me. Among them, the new species Euglossa jacquelynae and Euglossa solangeae. Type locality. Holotype collected at Ilha do Cardoso (25 ��03 05������ 25 �� 18 ��� 18 ���S, 47 �� 53 ��� 48 ������ 48 ��05��� 42 ���), municipality of Canan��ia, state of S��o Paulo, southeastern Brazil. Holotype and paratypes collected while visiting flowers of Quesnelia arvensis (Vellozo) Mez. (Bromeliaceae). Type material. HOLOTYPE: male, with the following data: ��� Ilha do Cardoso, SP, Brasil, 25 /IX/ 2005, S. C. Augusto��� and ��� 12327-36332 ��� (UFMG). PARATYPES: five females with the following data: ��� Ilha do Cardoso, SP, Brasil, 25 /IX/ 2005, S. C. Augusto��� and ��� 12327-36331 ��� (UFMG); ��� Ilha do Cardoso, SP, Brasil, 25 / IX/ 2005, S. C. Augusto��� and ��� Quesnelia arvensis (Bromeliaceae)��� (UFU); idem (UFU); ���Est.[a����o] E.[col��gica] Jur��ia, 9 /IX/ 1989, Pombal, E. C. & Pombal Jr., J. P.��� (FFCLRP); ���Praia Domingos Dias, Ubatuba, S��o Paulo, 19.ii. 1997, M. Sazima��� (FFCLRP); twelve males, with the following data: ���Canan��ia, SP, Brasil, 03/ 10 /[20]04, S. C. Augusto��� and ��� 12326-36329 ��� (UFMG); idem and ��� 12326-36330 ��� (UFPR); ��� Ilha do Cardoso, SP, Brasil, 25 /IX/ 2005, S. C. Augusto��� and ��� 12327-36333 ��� (UFMG); idem and ��� 12327- 36334 ��� (UFMG); idem and ��� 12327-36335 ��� (UKansas); idem and ��� 12327-36336 ��� (UFBA); idem and ��� 12327- 36337 ��� (INPA); idem and ��� 12327-36338 ��� (ZSM); ��� Ilha do Cardoso, SP, Brasil, 25 /IX/ 2005, S. C. Augusto��� and ��� Quesnelia arvensis (Bromeliaceae)��� (UFU); ���Est.[a����o] E.[col��gica] Jur��ia, 9 /IX/ 1989, Pombal, E. C. & Pombal Jr., J. P.��� and ��� Euglossa (Euglossella) carinilabris Dressler, 1982, Det. Oliveira, 1997 ��� (FFCLRP); idem and idem (FFCLRP); ���Praia Domingos Dias, Ubatuba, S��o Paulo, 19.ii. 1997, M. Sazima��� and ��� Euglossa (Euglossella) carinilabris Dressler, 1982, Det. Oliveira, 1997 ��� (FFCLRP); ��� Brasil: SP: S.[��o] Sebasti��o, P. Cambury, i. 1989, C.R.F. Brand��o col.��� (USP). Remarks. Dressler (1978) tentatively included E. stellfeldi in subgenus Glossura Cockerell (as E. stellfeldi species group). Roubik (2004: 252) re-arranged Glossura and excluded E. annectans and E. stellfeldi from it, since in these species ���the tongue length in repose barely reaches the tip of body and sternal openings with cowls are absent���. Currently, this species group is not assigned to any named subgenus. Euglossa solangeae sp. n. is easily assigned to the E. stellfeldi species group and seems to be closely related to both E. annectans and E. stellfeldi. I agree with Dressler (1982 a), Reb��lo & Moure (1995) and Roubik (2004) that the relationship of this group to the rest of Euglossa is not clear. Males share the following characters with members of Glossura: anterior tuft of the mesotibia entire; mid basitarsus with an internal keel; metatibia triangular; two mandibular teeth. On the other hand, sternal tufts are small and widely separated, a character shared with all groups of the subgenus Euglossa s. str. (see Dressler 1978, 1982b). The length of the extended tongue in repose (reaching the distal tip of the body) is intermediate: in Glossura the tongue is longer than the body; in Euglossa it is always shorter than body. This combination of characters, however, does not constitute a pool of distinctive features (synapomorphies) which could justify the designation of a new supraspecific grouping to accommodate these three species. Only future comprehensive phylogenetic analyses can determine the exact position of this species group within the genus Euglossa, and thus it is now considered as incertae sedis. Another species similar to E. solangeae sp. n. is E. carinilabris Dressler. This species, however, is golden green, has a green clypeus, and has only been recorded in Bahia state, northeastern Brazil. I have studied many collections of orchid bees from Esp��rito Santo and Rio de Janeiro states (representing> 10,000 specimens) and no E. carinilabris specimen was ever seen in these locations that are between southern Bahia and northern S��o Paulo state, the northernmost limit of E. solangeae sp. n. Although not included in E. stellfeldi group when first described, I believe E. carinilabris is the fourth member of this group., Published as part of Nem��sio, Andr��, 2007, Three new species of Euglossa Latreille (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Brazil, pp. 21-31 in Zootaxa 1547 on pages 25-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.273883, {"references":["Dressler, R. L. (1982 a) New species of Euglossa II (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Revista de Biologia Tropical, 30, 121 - 129.","Dressler, R. L. (1978) An infrageneric classification of Euglossa, with notes on some features of special taxonomic importance (Hymenoptera; Apidae). Revista de Biologia Tropical, 26, 187 - 198.","Moure, J. S. (1995) Notas sobre algumas especies de abelhas da Bahia, Brasil (Hymenoptera, Apoidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 12, 467 - 470.","Dressler, R. L. (1982 b) New species of Euglossa IV. The cordata and purpurea species groups (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Revista de Biologia Tropical, 30, 141 - 150."]}

Euglossa (Euglossella) jacquelynae Nem��sio sp. n. Diagnosis (male characters). This species can be distinguished from other Euglossa by the following combination of characters: anterior mid-tibial tuft extremely large, entire, and oblong in comparison to the posterior one; complete ivory paraocular markings; mandible with three teeth; metatibia triangular; tongue short (reaching hindcoxa); mesosoma blue; T 1 -T 4 blue, T 5 -T 7 green (Figures 1 A-D). Two other species of Euglossella are similar to E. jacquelynae sp. n.: Euglossa cyanura and E. viridis. Mid-tibial tufts of these species are very similar to each other and to those of E. jacquelynae sp. n. Euglossa cyanura has paraocular markings much wider below than in both E. viridis and E. jacquelynae sp. n. (Figures 1 C, 1 E, and 1 G) and is geographically restricted to Central America and northern South America. Euglossa viridis is smaller than E. jacquelynae sp. n. and its mid-tibial tufts and malar markings are more similar to E. cyanura (Figures 1 E-H). Moreover, the lower portion of the anterior mid-tibial tufts of E. jacquelynae sp. n. is rounded (Figure 1 D) whereas it is somewhat pointed in both E. cyanura (Figure 1 F) and E. viridis (Figure 1 H) ��� although a drawing by Moure (1970) shows E. cyanura with a rounded lower portion of anterior mid-tibial tuft (possibly a mistake due to the angle of observation). Male Color and vestiture. Head green, clypeus blue, mesoscutum blue, scutellum deep violet (Figure 1 A), T 1 - T 4 basally violet and distally blue, T 5 -T 7 bluish-green. Wings pale brown. Pubescence very sparse, black and fulvous hairs evenly distributed on mesosoma; only fulvous hairs on posterior part of scutellum, on metasoma, antennal sockets, and scape. Ivory paraocular markings well developed, reaching malar area; anterior of antennal scape with white stripe occupying basal two thirds (Figure 1 C). Head. Width 4.5 mm; interorbital distance at level of antennal socket 2.7 mm; maximum interorbital distance 2.8 mm; scape 0.75 mm; eye length 2.85 mm; mandible with three teeth. Body. Body length ca. 10.5 mm; anterior wing ca. 8.5 mm; tongue in repose reaching hindcoxa; scutellum 2.85 mm wide and 1.2 mm long; abdominal width 4.4 mm. Legs. Foretibia and forebasitarsus fringed with long, dense, fulvous hairs; velvet area occupying all ventral side of mesotibia; posterior mid-tibial tuft very small (maximum length 0.19 mm, maximum width 0.12 mm), oblong, separated from velvet area; anterior mid-tibial tuft very large (maximum length 0.62 mm, maximum width 0.34 mm), entire, rounded anteriorly, straight posteriorly (Figure 1 B); metatibia triangular, apex acute posteriorly, post-glandular area fringed with medium to long fulvous hairs (0.5 mm) (Figure 1 D). Metasoma. Punctures on basal part of T 1 sparse, large, and elongate; on discal base of T 1 dense, comprised of small circular punctures; on T 2 dense, with small elongated punctures; on T 3 -T 7 dense, with large, elongated punctures. S 2 with small, widely separated tufts. Female. Unknown. Etymology. The species epithet honors Dr. Jacquelyn L. Blackmer, who had a brief contact with orchid bees in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and has been a strong supporter of my interest and research on these bees. Type locality. Holotype collected at Parque Estadual da Serra de Caldas Novas (17 �� 43 ��� 56 ������ 17 �� 50 ���55,07��� S, 48 �� 40 ���0������ 48 �� 42 ���57,06���W), municipality of Caldas Novas, state of Goi��s, Central Brazil. Holotype collected at methyl salicylate bait. Paratypes attracted to and collected at methyl salicylate and �����ionone baits. Type material. HOLOTYPE: male, with the following data: ��� Brasil, GO, Caldas Novas, 25 / 11 / 2004, Silva, C. I. col.��� and ��� 12325-36328 ��� (UFMG). PARATYPES: five males, with the following data: ��� Brasil, GO, Caldas Novas, 18 / 11 / 2004, Augusto, S. C. col.��� and ��� 12324-36326 ��� (UFMG); idem, ��� 12324-36327 ��� (ZSM); ��� Brasil, MG, Uberl��ndia, Panga, 20 /IV/ 2004, Alvarenga, P. Col.��� and ��� 12333-36365 ��� (UFMG); ��� Brasil, GO, Caldas Novas, 18 / 11 / 2004, Augusto, S. C. col.��� and ���salicilato de metila, mata de galeria��� (UFU); idem and �����-ionone, cerrado��� (UFU). Va r ia ti o n. The paratype from Uberl��ndia, state of Minas Gerais (labeled 12333-36365) has the last three terga more bluish; T 5 has a broad longitudinal impunctated stripe, which extends on to T 4 where it is not as broad. This individual is also more robust than the holotype and the other four paratypes. Its paraocular markings, punctation on metasoma and mesosoma, color of metasomal integument, size and shape of mid-tibial tufts are identical to the other males in the series. Due to the short geographic distance, similarity of habitats where the bees were collected, and overall morphological similarity I tentatively include this specimen in E. jacquelynae sp. n. until larger series of both localities are available. Remarks. Based on the morphological characters of this species, it is easily placed in subgenus Euglossella sensu Dressler (1978). A common feature of all members of Euglossella is that they are poorly attracted to the most commonly used chemical baits (see Moure 1995, 1999 and Nem��sio & Silveira 2004) and, thus, are rare in orchid-bee inventories. It means it is extremely difficult to establish the actual geographic distributions of many species. Euglossa cyanura, for example, which is here considered to be a close ally of E. jacquelynae sp. n., is only known from Central America and northern South America. Euglossa viridis, also a rarely collected bee, is known from the Amazon Basin [the record of this species for Rio de Janeiro (see Tonhasca Jr. et al. 2002) should be investigated]. The type series of E. jacquelynae sp. n. was compared to one specimen of E. cyanura identified by R. L. Dressler (depicted in Figure 1 E-F) and to one specimen of E. viridis identified by J. S. Moure in 1982, both specimens presently deposited at UFMG, and to larger series of both species deposited at FFCLRP. Additionally, B. Bemb�� has sent me several photographs of the holotype E. viridis (two of them published here as Figures 1 G-H). These two species are very similar to each other and to E. jacquelynae sp. n. [Moure (1960: 11) even considered E. cyanura as a junior synonym of E. viridis, but interestingly did not consider them synonyms when publishing his checklist (Moure 1967). If both species are truly distinct, they are morphologically more similar to each other than either are to E. jacquelynae sp. n.]. Due to the morphological differences described above and the huge geographic distances involved, allied to features of the habitat of the type-locality (a xeric habitat, ���cerrado��� area over 1,000 m a.s.l., whereas E. cyanura and E. viridis are forest species), I consider E. jacquelynae sp. n. as a distinct taxon., Published as part of Nem��sio, Andr��, 2007, Three new species of Euglossa Latreille (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Brazil, pp. 21-31 in Zootaxa 1547 on pages 22-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.273883, {"references":["Moure, J. S. (1970) The species of euglossine bees of Central America belonging to the subgenus Euglossella. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 42, 148 - 157.","Dressler, R. L. (1978) An infrageneric classification of Euglossa, with notes on some features of special taxonomic importance (Hymenoptera; Apidae). Revista de Biologia Tropical, 26, 187 - 198.","Moure, J. S. (1995) Notas sobre algumas especies de abelhas da Bahia, Brasil (Hymenoptera, Apoidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 12, 467 - 470.","Moure, J. S. (1999) Novas especies e notas sobre Euglossinae do Brasil e Venezuela (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 16 (Suplemento 1), 91 - 104.","Nemesio, A. & Silveira, F. A. (2004) Biogeographic notes on rare species of Euglossina (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Apini) occurring in the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest. Neotropical Entomology, 33, 117 - 120.","Moure, J. S. (1960) Notas sobre os tipos de abelhas do Brasil descritas por Perty em 1833 (Hymenoptera - Apoidea). Boletim da Universidade do Parana, 6, 1 - 23.","Moure, J. S. (1967) A checklist of the known euglossine bees. Atas do Simposio sobre a Biota Amazonica, 5, 395 - 415."]}

The aim of this study was to investigate the diversity and distribution patterns of orchid bees (Euglossina). Cluster and correlation analyses were applied to data extracted from 28 orchid-bee surveys throughout the Neotropical Region. The 28 sampling sites were grouped in three main biogeographic areas that roughly correspond to the Amazonian Basin, the Atlantic Forest and Central America. These three regions, as well as subregions within each of them, correspond approximately to biogeographic components identified through phylogeny-based analyses for other bees and organisms. The Amazonian Forest as a whole has the richest fauna and the highest levels of endemism. The Atlantic Forest, on the other hand, showed the poorest fauna and the lowest levels of endemism. However, a major neotropical biome, in which orchid bees are known to occur, has not been sampled yet, the savanna-like cerrado. At least 30% of the species are endemic to each biome. An updated checklist of the species of Euglossina is provided. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar os padrões de distribuição e diversidade das abelhas euglossinas (Euglossina). Análises de agrupamento e de correlação foram aplicados a dados extraídos de 28 levantamentos de euglossinas na Região Neotropical. Os 28 sítios de coleta agruparam-se em três regiões biogeográficas principais que, de forma geral, correspondem à Bacia Amazônica, à Mata Atlântica e à América Central. As três áreas, assim como as sub-regiões de cada uma delas, coincidem, em geral, com os componentes biogeográficos identificados para outras abelhas e organismos com base em análises filogenéticas. A Floresta Amazônica, como um todo, apresentou a fauna mais rica e os mais elevados índices de endemismo. A Mata Atlântica, por outro lado, apresentou a fauna mais pobre e os mais baixos índices de endemismo. No entanto, há que se destacar que um importante bioma neotropical, o cerrado, é praticamente desconhecido no que diz respeito à sua fauna de abelhas euglossinas. Pelo menos 30% das espécies listadas são endêmicas de cada bioma. Uma lista atualizada das espécies de Euglossina é apresentada.

Male orchid bees were collected by chemical baiting in four forest fragments in parks of the city of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. One thousand three hundred and twenty-five males belonging to 14 species were captured within one year. The capture data were compared through correlation tests. The data suggest that abundance of orchid bees tend to increase with fragment size, although no correlation between species richness and fragment size was obtained. The results presented herein suggest that forest fragments in a large city may be of importance concerning conservation of orchid-bee faunas. Machos de abelhas euglossinas foram atraídos por compostos aromáticos e coletados em quatro fragmentos de Mata Atlântica em parques da cidade de Belo Horizonte, MG. Mil trezentos e vinte e cinco espécimes pertencentes a quartorze espécies foram coletados em um ano. Os dados das áreas amostradas no presente estudo foram comparados através de análises de correlação. Os resultados das análises indicaram que a abundância de abelhas euglossinas é maior em fragmentos maiores, embora não tenha havido correlação entre a riqueza e o tamanho dos fragmentos. Os dados apresentados sugerem que fragmentos de mata em uma grande metrópole podem ser importantes para a conservação da fauna dessas abelhas.

Navia nom. nov. is proposed for Euterpia Navia & Flechtmann, 2005 (Prostigmata: Eriophyoidea), preoccupied by Euterpia Bondar, 1942 (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Navia nom. nov. é proposto para substituir Euterpia Navia & Flechtmann, 2005 (Prostigmata: Eriophyoidea), pré-ocupado por Euterpia Bondar, 1942 (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae).

The occurrence of Eulaema helvola Moure in the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil, is reported for the first time, extending its known geographic distribution in ca. 600 km eastwards and suggesting that this species may be parapatric or sympatric with E. seabrai Moure. Taxonomic and biogeographic implications of this finding are discussed. A ocorrência de Eulaema helvola Moure em Minas Gerais é registrada pela primeira vez, estendendo sua distribuição geográfica conhecida em cerca de 600 km para sudeste e sugerindo que a espécie pode ser parapátrica ou simpátrica com E. seabrai Moure. As implicações taxonômicas e biogeográficas desse registro são discutidas.