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Abstract Brazil’s public healthcare system (SUS) offers specialized oral health services to Brazilians, but the productivity of specialists, such as Pediatric Dentists, has not been characterized. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the outpatient dental procedures (ODPs) carried out by Pediatric Dentists within the SUS. An epidemiological study with an ecological, longitudinal, retrospective, and quantitative approach was conducted. The ODPs carried out by Pediatric Dentists within the SUS were characterized based on type of procedure, complexity level, and circumstance (urgent or elective). Data were analyzed using a descriptive and analytical approach, considering a significance level of 5%, as well as the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic (the 2020-2022 years were not included in secondary analyses). In the last 15 years, 29,234,972 ODPs were carried out by Pediatric Dentists within the SUS. Clinical procedures were the majority (55.4%), significantly more frequent than all other types of procedures (all p 0.05). In addition, low complexity ODPs were the majority (90.1%), significantly more frequent than medium (9.7%) and high complexity procedures (0.1%) (both p

Abstract Dental caries is an important Public Health issue. However, the treatment of this disease in tertiary dental care requires further investigation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate caries-related hospital morbidity in the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) from 2008 to 2022. An ecological study was conducted with secondary data on caries-related Hospital Admission Authorizations (AIH) and in-hospital dental procedures (IDP). Data were collected nationwide and statistical analysis was performed with a significance level (p) of 5%. In the last 15 years, 3,474 caries-related AIH and 63,657 IDP were approved within SUS. There was a significant upward trend in the number of caries-related AIH (p = 0.018) and a stationary trend in the number of caries-related IDP (p = 0.841). Moreover, from 2008 to 2022, R$ 1,160,843.09 was allocated for caries-related AIH. Hospital mortality was 0.29% (10 deaths), and 75.1% were elective inpatient admissions. Among SUS users, adults constituted the majority (49%), with a higher frequency of males (59.8%) and whites (46.2%). The most frequent type of caries-related IDP was restoration of permanent teeth (55.3%). Nonetheless, during the COVID-19 pandemic years, significant reductions in caries-related AIH and IDP within the SUS were observed (all p

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (B. lactis) HN019 in drinking water on the development of apical periodontitis (AP) in rats. In total 60 animals were divided into a control group (sound teeth); Group I - regular water without AP; Group II - probiotic water without AP; Group III - regular water with AP; Group IV - probiotic water with AP. AP was induced after 3 days in the control groups and after 7, 21, and 42 days in groups III and IV. The animals were euthanized, and the mandibles were subjected to histotechnical processing. Samples were stained with hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) to identify root canal features, apical and periapical regions. Additionally, histoenzymology was performed to detect osteoclasts, immunohistochemistry was used to identify osteoclastogenesis markers, and the Brown & Brenn technique was applied for microbiological analysis. The data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism 8.0.1 with a significance level of 5%. Although no statistical differences were observed, the groups administered with probiotics showed better conditions in terms of histological aspects seen microscopically. Furthermore, there were no differences in the number of osteoclasts (p > 0.05). The RANKL marker was not found in the probiotic group at 42 days, unlike in group III.

Objective: To verify, through clinical and radiographic evaluations, the in vivo response of the dentin-pulpal complex of human primary teeth after pulpotomy with MTA and Biodentine™ in a follow-up period of 3, 6, and 12 months. Material and Methods: Thirty teeth were divided into MTA pulpotomy (n = 15) and Biodentine™ pulpotomy (n = 15) from children between 5 and 9 years of age, a randomized clinical trial with simple random sampling. The materials were inserted into the cavity after opening and removing the coronary pulp tissue. The cavity base consisted of glass ionomer cement and light-cured composite resin restoration. Clinical and radiographic analyses were performed after 3, 6, and 12 months. Statistical analysis by Fisher's exact test for dichotomous data at a 5% significance level was utilized. Results: Both materials caused color change after 12 months. However, MTA showed a higher percentage than Biodentine™ (p

Objective: To investigate the types of restorative materials used for restorative treatment in primary teeth through a retrospective university-based study. Material and Methods: The sample consisted of all clinical records of children attended at the Pediatric Dentistry Clinic at the School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto at the University of São Paulo in Brazil. Inclusion criteria were primary anterior and posterior teeth that received dental restorations for treatment of dental caries lesions, dental trauma or dental development defects from 2013 to 2018. Restoration repairs and interim restorations during this period were also recorded. Descriptive analyzes were performed to assess the distribution according to the type of restorative material used over the years. Results: A total of 5,236 restorative procedures were performed in primary teeth, including restoration repair and interim restorations. Of those, 69% were done in posterior teeth and 31% in anterior teeth. Sixty percent of the procedures performed during this period were made of composite resin and a lower percentage of glass ionomer cement (18%) followed by silver amalgam (1%). The number of interim restorations was smaller but proportional to those of composite resin over the years. Conclusion: A tendency to carry out restorative treatment of primary teeth with composite resin during the 6 years of follow-up was observed.

Abstract Background Dental caries is the most common non transmissible chronic disease in childhood and the control of dental biofilm in children is one of the greatest challenges in oral disease prevention. Digital media applications can help patients in improving their oral hygiene performance and reducing the number of appointments due to pain and discomfort reasons. This study aims to investigate the use of an smartphone application (WhatsApp) to deliver oral health education to mother-child pairs, with the ultimate goal of controlling dental biofilm and caries through digital activities focused on oral hygiene. Methods This study was designed as a randomized, double-blind, parallel clinical trial involving 100 pairs of mothers and children (6–12 years old). The mothers and children will be randomly allocated to the control group (n = 50 pairs), who will receive a single visit conventional oral health education, or to the experimental group (n = 50 pairs), who will receive both a single visit conventional oral health education and educational videos through WhatsApp Messenger, twice a week. Before randomization of the groups and after the intervention, pairs will be evaluated regarding to plaque index (VPI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), and number of decayed, missing and filled permanent or primary teeth (DMF-T) modified by the inclusion of active non-cavitated carious lesions (Nyvad criteria). Socioeconomic data, dental history, and oral health literacy will obtained using questionnaires (Oral Health Literacy Assessment Task for Paediatric Dentistry; BOHLAT-P). Chi-square, Student’s t-test, paired Student’s t-test, Mann-Whitney, and Friedman tests will be used with a 5% significance level. Discussion This intervention proposal is designed to motivate behavioral change in mother-child pairs. We hypothesize that adding digital media to traditional oral health programs will provoke improvements in oral hygiene behavior and health outcomes. To our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating the effect of educational videos communicated by digital media (WhatsApp) on the oral health of mother-child pairs evaluated by long-term dental examinations. In addition, we will assess the maternal level of comprehension of the provided information via a literacy assessment tool. The clinical trial is registered at the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (No. RBR-7s8bw6m).

Abstract Background Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a potent lipid mediator that stimulate the immune response. Because dental pulp inflammation and dentin repair are intrinsically related responses, the aim of this research was to investigate the potential of LTB4 in inducing differentiation of dental pulp stem cells. Methods Microspheres (MS) loaded with LTB4 were prepared using an oil emulsion solvent extraction evaporation process and sterility, characterization, efficiency of LTB4 encapsulation and in vitro LTB4 release assay were investigated. Mouse dental pulp stem cells (OD-21) were stimulated with soluble LTB4 or MS loaded with LTB4 (0.01 and 0.1 μM). Cytotoxicity and cell viability was determined by lactate dehydrogenase and methylthiazol tetrazolium assays. Gene expression were measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction after 3, 6, 24, 48 and 72 h. Mineralized nodule formation was assessed after 28 days of OD-21 cell stimulation with LTB4 in mineralized media or not. Groups were compared using one-way ANOVA test followed by Dunnett’s post-test (α = 0.05). Results Treatment with LTB4 or MS loaded with LTB4 (0.01 and 0.1 µm-μM) were not cytotoxic to OD-21 cells. Treatment with LTB4 modulated the expression of the Ibsp (integrin binding sialoprotein) and Runx2 (runt-related transcription factor 2) genes differently depending on the experimental period analyzed. Interestingly LTB4 loaded in microspheres (0.1 μM) allowed long term dental pulp cell differentiation and biomineralization. Conclusion LTB4, soluble or loaded in MS, were not cytotoxic and modulated the expression of the Ibsp and Runx2 genes in cultured OD-21 cells. When LTB4 was incorporated into MS, odontoblast differentiation and mineralization was induced in long term culture.

IntroductionMolar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a qualitative defect of dental enamel that affects one or more permanent first molars, with or without involvement of the incisor teeth. This condition leads to challenges to dental care and treatment planning.AimBased on the hypothesis that children who have MIH possibly present alterations in postural and masticatory activities and considering the absence of studies investigating these parameters, the present study evaluated the functionality of the stomatognathic system considering the mentioned aspects.MaterialsThe comparison of individuals with (MIHG; n = 32) and without MIH (CG; n = 32) was evaluated by electromyographic activity of the masseter and temporal muscles (right and left), as well as evaluation of the masticatory cycles during habitual mastication.ResultsMIHG showed muscle hyperactivity in postural and dynamic conditions compared to the CG; higher electromyographic values for MIHG when compared to CG in the following postural conditions: at rest for the right temporal (p = 0.00) and left temporal muscles (p = 0.03); in the protrusion to the right temporal muscle (p = 0.02); in the right laterality for the right masseter (p = 0.00) and left temporal muscles (p = 0.01); in the left laterality for the right masseter (p = 0.03) and left temporal (p = 0.04) muscles. In dynamic conditions with consistent food, significance was observed for the left temporal (p = 0.01); and with soft food for the right (p = 0.01) and left temporal muscles (p = 0.04).ConclusionsChildren with MIH seem to have impaired functionality of the stomatognathic system. Children with MIH have alterations in the stomatognathic system.

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of XP-endo Finisher (XP) on removal of the smear layer in root canals by comparing different irrigation protocols. Methods: Seventy-two human single-rooted teeth were similarly instrumented using R25 Reciproc files (VDW, Munich, Germany) applied in reciprocating mode with a VDW GOLD endo motor (VDW, Munich, Germany). The working length was determined at 1 mm short of the apical foramen. The canals were irrigated with 5 mL of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite during instrumentation. The teeth were divided at random into six groups (n=12). A control group, which was not submitted to the final irrigation protocol, and five experimental groups with different irrigants and agitation techniques: EDTA/File, EDTA/XP, EDTA/Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation (PUI), Distilled Water (DW)/XP, and DW/PUI). Smear layer removal quality scores were assessed in the apical, middle, and cervical thirds of the root canal based on images obtained by scanning electron microscopy. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by two-by-two comparisons with the Dunn test (α=5%). Results: EDTA/File, EDTA/PUI, and EDTA/XP groups demonstrated significantly lower scores than the other groups (P 0.05). Conclusion: The XP-endo Finisher file did not increase the efficiency of EDTA in removal of the smear layer in root canals.

Introdução: A síndrome de deleção 2q37.3 é uma desordem causada pela microdeleção de uma sub-banda no cromossomo 2, cuja epidemiologia é de aproximadamente 150 casos no mundo, e a incidência de 1:10000. As características da síndrome são: atraso no desenvolvimento, dismorfia facial, anormalidades musculoesqueléticas e aumento ao risco de doenças congênitas. O objetivo deste relato de caso é apresentar, pela primeira vez na literatura, os achados clínicos orais e dentários associados à síndrome. Relato de caso: As principais características físicas da síndrome foram identificadas na paciente durante o exame físico: lábio superior fino, columela proeminente e dobras epicânticas. No exame intraoral, relatou-se as características odontológicas, que podem estar associadas à síndrome: acúmulo de cálculo dental, hipomineralização e hipoplasia, mordida cruzada, mordida aberta, agenesias, taurodontia e cisto dentígero. O tratamento dental consistiu na aplicação de técnicas de manejo de comportamento, instrução de higiene e de dieta, profilaxia, raspagem supragengival, aplicação tópica de flúor, além da extração do segundo molar decíduo inferior. Este é o primeiro relato de características orais da síndrome de deleção 2q37.3 dando importância às características observadas nesta paciente. Tais achados também serão úteis na caracterização da síndrome, que é extremamente rara, podendo contribuir para o diagnóstico clínico desses pacientes, além de subsidiar o tratamento odontológico de outros indivíduos. Conclusão: Apresentamos os achados clínicos orais como hipomineralização e hipoplasia, mordida cruzada e aberta, agenesia, taurodontia e cisto dentígero presentes na paciente com a síndrome e sugerimos que o gene envolvido ou sua deleção possam ser responsáveis por tais achados.

Abstract Background Estrogen is a well-known and important hormone involved in skeletal homeostasis, which regulates genes involved in bone biology. Some studies support that estrogen is important for craniofacial growth and development. Therefore this in vivo animal study aimed to investigate, whether and in which way low estrogen levels in the prepubertal period affect craniofacial development in the postpubertal stage and to quantify the gene expression of RANK, RANKL and OPG in cranial growth sites in ovariectomized estrogen-deficient rats during puberty. Methods Control (sham-operated, n = 18) and ovariectomy (OVX, n = 18) surgeries were performed on 21-days-old female Wistar rats. Animals euthanized at an age of 45 days (pubertal stage) were used for gene expression analyses (n = 6 per group) and immunohistochemistry of RANK, RANKL and OPG. Animals euthanized at 63 days of age (post-pubertal stage) were used for craniofacial two-dimensional and three-dimensional craniofacial measurements using μCT imaging (n = 12 per group). Results In the μCT analysis of the mandible and maxilla many statistically significant differences between sham-operated and OVX groups were observed, such as increased maxillary and mandibular bone length in OVX animals (p

Background: Tooth enamel mineralization is assumed to be a target of endogenous estrogen imbalances. Objective: To evaluate the effect of estrogen deficiency during amelogenesis on the mineral composition of dental enamel. Methods: Ten female Wistar Hannover rats were randomly divided into two groups according to the intervention received: ovariectomy surgery (OVX, experimental) and fictitious surgery (SHAM, control). After 21 days, the rats of both groups were euthanized, and the upper incisors were extracted for analysis of the mineral composition by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence. The sensitivity of the enamel organ to estrogen was evaluated in both groups by immunohistochemical analysis of the odontogenic region of the lower incisors for the presence of estrogen receptors alpha and beta (ERα and ERβ, respectively) in ameloblasts in the maturation stage. Differences in the mineral composition between groups were compared using Student’s t-test (P < 0.05). Results: No statistically significant difference was detected in the mineral composition between the OVX and SHAM groups (P > 0.05). ERα was immunostained in the ameloblasts of both groups. Conclusion: Although ameloblasts express ERα, estrogen deficiency during amelogenesis did not appear to affect the dental enamel composition in this murine model.

Abstract Background The aim of the present study was to assess if genetic polymorphisms in tooth agenesis (TA)-related genes are associated with craniofacial morphological patterns. Methods This cross-sectional, multi-center, genetic study evaluated 594 orthodontic Brazilians patients. The presence or absence of TA was determined by analysis of panoramic radiography. The patients were classified according to their skeletal malocclusion and facial growth pattern by means of digital cephalometric analysis. Genomic DNA was extracted from squamous epithelial cells of buccal mucosa and genetic polymorphisms in MSX1 (rs1042484), PAX9 (rs8004560), TGF-α (rs2902345), FGF3 (rs1893047), FGF10 (rs900379), and FGF13 (rs12838463, rs5931572, and rs5974804) were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction using TaqMan chemistry and end-point analysis. Results Genotypes (p = 0.038) and allele (p = 0.037) distributions for the FGF3 rs1893047 were significantly different according to the skeletal malocclusion. Carrying at least one G allele increased in more than two times the chance of presenting skeletal class III malocclusion (OR = 2.21, CI 95% = 1.14–4.32; p = 0.017). There was no association between another skeletal craniofacial pattern and some polymorphism assessed in the present study. Conclusion Our results suggest that the genetic polymorphism rs1893047 in FGF3 might contribute to variations in the craniofacial sagittal pattern.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate demographic and clinical factors involved in the immediate seeking of care after traumatic dental injury (TDI) in Brazilian children. Materials and Methods: Records from 74 patients, age ranged 1–11 years, who sought treatment at the School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto at University of São Paulo, Brazil, were collected. Data was analyzed using the Epi Info 7.0 software by t-test, odds ratio calculation, Chi-square, or Fisher's exact tests. Results: Twenty-three (31.1%) sought dental treatment immediately and 51 (68.9%) did not seek dental treatment immediately. The most common type of trauma was lateral luxation (44.6%). In primary teeth, 31 cases (60.78%) involved the soft tissue and 16 (39.2%) involved hard tissue injuries. While in permanent teeth, 20 cases (40%) involved soft tissue and 24 (60%) involved hard tissue injuries had more traumas in the hard tissue (P = 0.04). The type of injury and dentition was not associated with the time that the guardians sought dental treatment (P > 0.05). None of the factors were involved in immediately seeking care after TDI. Conclusion: Moreover, the majority of parents/caregivers did not immediately seek dental treatment after TDI, regardless of the type of injury.

Objective: To evaluate the physical conditions and presence of residues of toothbrushes used by mothers and their babies and mothers' knowledge about toothbrush care. Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study comprising a convenience sample represented by 60 mother-baby pairs. The mothers answered a questionnaire to evaluate their knowledge of toothbrush care. A calibrated dentist performed a visual inspection of the toothbrushes. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests, with a significance level of 5%. Results: It was found that 82% of the mothers had never received instructions regarding the care of toothbrushes after use (p=0.024). Most of them believed that their toothbrushes (70%) and their children’s toothbrushes (88%) were in good condition to use (p=0.043). However, most mother’s toothbrushes presented an unacceptable deformity of the bristles (65%) and the presence of residues (60%). In addition, babies’ toothbrushes also presented unacceptable deformities of the bristles (52%) and residues (55%). There was an association between the lack of instructions received by the mother and the presence of deformity and residues on the mother’s toothbrush bristles (p=0.037 and p=0.003, respectively). Conclusion: Most mothers had never received instructions regarding toothbrush care, which is reflected in the condition of their and their baby’s toothbrushes, which presented unacceptable physical conditions concerning deformation and presence of residues.

El objetivo de este estudio in vitro fue analizar la rugosidad superficial y la alteración de color de dos tipos de ionómeros vítreos luego de ser sometidos a diferentes soluciones. En una matriz de teflón (8x2mm), fueron confeccionados 60 cuerpos de prueba con 2 tipos de ionómeros fotopolimerizables: 30 para el Fuji II LC (M1) y otros 30 para el Ketac N100 (M2). El aparato utilizado fue el Elipar Freelight 2 3M Espe. La fotopolimerización se realizó por 20 segundos cada cuerpo de prueba. Luego de la confección, los sesenta cuerpos de prueba fueron mantenidos en gasa humedecida por 24 hs en estufa a 37ºC y luego se clasificaron y luego se dividieron en tres grupos de 10 cada uno para ser sometidos a 3 tipos diferentes de soluciones: agua destilada (S1), bebida carbonatada (S2) y jugo cítrico (S3) por 90 segundos diariamente durante 14 días. Las lecturas de la alteración de color, obtenidas a través de un colorímetro, y las de rugosidad superficial, realizadas por medio del rugosímetro, fueron realizadas a las 48 hs. (T0) y luego a los 14 días (T1). Los resultados obtenidos fueron sometidos al test ANOVA y Tukey (p?0.05). Los resultados mostraron que; a) La bebida carbonatada (S2) tuvo mayor media de alteración de color (?E*) en relación a las otras soluciones, b) que Ketac N100 (M2) tuvo mayor media con respecto a la rugosidad superficial en la interacción material por solución. Por tanto, se concluyó que trascurrido determinado período de tiempo las propiedades estéticas y físico-mecánicas de los materiales estudiados se ven afectados.

Objetivo. Revisar la literatura sobre la filosofía en Odontología para Bebés. Síntesis de datos. A pesar de que la promoción de la salud es muy practicada en todas las áreas de la salud, la odontología se caracteriza por restar importancia a la prevención de enfermedades bucales y a los tratamientos preventivos, cuando estos son realizados, ya los dientes deciduos se encuentran altamente comprometidos por la caries dental. Los resultados alcanzados a través de la enseñanza de tratamiento odontológico a bebés, en diferentes partes del mundo, tienen un futuro promisorio, ya que enfatiza las particularidades de su crecimiento y desarrollo infantil, considera al bebé como un todo, y no solamente desde el punto de vista de salud bucal. Conclusiones. La buena práctica de la odontología para bebés brinda la posibilidad de fomentar la salud y prevenir la enfermedad, de una forma muy simple, eficaz y de bajo costo.

Abstract Background Bisphenol A (BPA) is released from orthodontic composites used for bracket bonding. Genetic variations could modify the metabolism of this chemical within the organism. Considering that free BPA binds to estrogen receptors causing harmful effects to health, the present in vivo study aimed to evaluate the association between genetic polymorphisms in genes encoding estrogen receptors (ESR1 and ESR2) and excreted BPA levels in orthodontic patients. Methods Quantification of BPA levels in the urine of 16 patients was performed in a gas chromatograph mass spectrometer before (T0), at 24 h (T1), and 1 week (T2) after bracket bonding. DNA was extracted from saliva, and one genetic polymorphism in ESR1 (rs2234693) and two in ESR2 (rs4986938 and rs1256049) were analyzed by real-time PCR. Increases in BPA levels in the urine at T1 and T2 were grouped according to the genotype, and mean differences were compared by unpaired T test or Mann-Whitney test according to the normality of the data. The established alpha was 5%. Results BPA levels increased significantly at T1 and T2. There were no statistically significant differences in the increases in BPA levels according to the genotype for any genetic polymorphism (P > 0.05), at neither 24 h nor 1 week after bracket bonding. Conclusions The results suggested that there are no association between excreted BPA levels after bracket bonding and the evaluated genetic polymorphisms in ESR1 and ESR2. Further research should be performed in order to confirm these results.

Periodontal health and biofilm control are primordial to success in orthodontic treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwashes on periodontal status and extrinsic tooth staining in orthodontic patients. Thirty-three patients of both sexes, aged 11-33 years, under orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances at <16 months, were randomly distributed into 2 groups. In the control group, patients received mechanical hygiene instruction, and in the experimental group, patients also used CHX wash twice a week for 60 days. The effectivity of the protocols was evaluated using the plaque, gingival, gingival bleeding, and discoloration indexes before the hygiene protocol was applied, 15, 30, and 60 days after protocol implementation. In the experimental group, there was a decrease in the plaque, gingival, and gingival bleeding indexes at the different evaluation periods (P <0.05). In addition, there was a significant difference in the discoloration index at 60 days compared with initial time points after implementing hygiene protocols in the experimental group (P <0.05). In contrast, there were no significant differences in plaque, gingival, gingival bleeding, and discoloration indexes in the control group at any time (P >0.05). CHX mouthwash administered 30 days, twice a week, significantly improved the periodontal status with mild brown staining. After this period, expressive extrinsic tooth staining was observed. • Chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwash is the first choice because of its antigingivitis effect. • CHX has antibacterial effects. • CHX mouthwash (0.12%) decreased microbial levels and periodontal index. • The most favorable period to maintain with CHX mouthwash was 30 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El objetivo de este estudio in vitro fue analizar la rugosidad superficial y la alteración de color de dos tipos de ionómeros vítreos luego de ser sometidos a diferentes soluciones. En una matriz de teflón (8x2mm), fueron confeccionados 60 cuerpos de prueba con 2 tipos de ionómeros fotopolimerizables: 30 para el Fuji II LC (M1) y otros 30 para el Ketac N100 (M2). El aparato utilizado fue el Elipar Freelight 2 3M Espe. La fotopolimerización se realizó por 20 segundos cada cuerpo de prueba. Luego de la confección, los sesenta cuerpos de prueba fueron mantenidos en gasa humedecida por 24 hs en estufa a 37ºC y luego se clasificaron y luego se dividieron en tres grupos de 10 cada uno para ser sometidos a 3 tipos diferentes de soluciones: agua destilada (S1), bebida carbonatada (S2) y jugo cítrico (S3) por 90 segundos diariamente durante 14 días. Las lecturas de la alteración de color, obtenidas a través de un colorímetro, y las de rugosidad superficial, realizadas por medio del rugosímetro, fueron realizadas a las 48 hs. (T0) y luego a los 14 días (T1). Los resultados obtenidos fueron sometidos al test ANOVA y Tukey (p≤0.05). Los resultados mostraron que; a) La bebida carbonatada (S2) tuvo mayor media de alteración de color (ΔE*) en relación a las otras soluciones, b) que Ketac N100 (M2) tuvo mayor media con respecto a la rugosidad superficial en la interacción material por solución. Por tanto, se concluyó que trascurrido determinado período de tiempo las propiedades estéticas y físico-mecánicas de los materiales estudiados se ven afectados.

Objetivo. Revisar la literatura sobre la filosofía en Odontología para Bebés. Síntesis de datos. A pesar de que la promoción de la salud es muy practicada en todas las áreas de la salud, la odontología se caracteriza por restar importancia a la prevención de enfermedades bucales y a los tratamientos preventivos, cuando estos son realizados, ya los dientes deciduos se encuentran altamente comprometidos por la caries dental. Los resultados alcanzados a través de la enseñanza de tratamiento odontológico a bebés, en diferentes partes del mundo, tienen un futuro promisorio, ya que enfatiza las particularidades de su crecimiento y desarrollo infantil, considera al bebé como un todo, y no solamente desde el punto de vista de salud bucal. Conclusiones. La buena práctica de la odontología para bebés brinda la posibilidad de fomentar la salud y prevenir la enfermedad, de una forma muy simple, eficaz y de bajo costo.

Sex hormones have an effect on bone metabolism. However, it remains unclear how estrogen hormone affects mandible and maxilla growth and development. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review to evaluate if estrogen is associated with developmental alterations in the maxilla/mandible phenotype. Material and methods: A computer search of the literature was performed using: Pubmed Medline (1966 – August 2018), Google Scholar and manual searching. A combination of the terms ‘estrogens', ‘mandible’, ‘dental arch’, ‘maxilla’, ‘craniofacial’, ‘growth’ and ‘development’ was used. Studies that used animal models to evaluate the role of estrogen during growth and development on the dimensions of the maxilla and/or mandible were included. Results: 5 studies were selected to compose this systematic review. One study used zebrafish as a model. Two studies used female mice and 2 studies used female rats as a model. Two studies treated the animals with estrogen. Four studies demonstrated that estrogen has an effect on mandible dimension and 2 studies demonstrated that estrogen has an effect on maxilla. One study did find an association between estrogen deficiency and mandible/maxilla dimensions Conclusion: The current evidence suggested that both, increased and decreased levels of estrogen, have an effect on the maxilla and mandible dimensions.

Abstract Objectives Enamel demineralization is among the main topics of interest in the orthodontic field. Self-ligating brackets have been regarded as advantageous in this aspect. The aim of this study was to evaluate the break homeostasis in the oral environment and the levels of microorganisms associated with dental caries among the different types of brackets. Material and Methods Twenty patients received two self-ligating brackets: In-Ovation®R, SmartClipTM, and one conventional GeminiTM. Saliva was collected before bonding (S0), 30 (S1) and 60 (S2) days after bonding. One sample of each bracket was removed at 30 and 60 days for the in situ analysis. Checkerboard DNA-DNA Hybridization was employed to evaluate the levels of microbial species as-sociated with dental caries. Data were evaluated by nonparametric Friedman and Wilcoxon tests at 5% significance level. Results The salivary levels of L. casei (p=0.033), S. sobrinus (p=0.011), and S. sanguinis (p=0.004) increased in S1. The in situ analyses showed alteration in S. mutans (p=0.047), whose highest levels were observed to the In-Ovation®R. Conclusions The orthodontic appliances break the salivary homeostasis of microorganisms involved in dental caries. The contamination pattern was different between self-ligating and conventional brackets. The In-Ovation®R presented worse performance considering the levels of cariogenic bacterial species.

This clinical, crossover, double-blind trial evaluated the microbial contamination of removable orthodontic appliances used by children and the efficacy of 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate spray use for disinfection. Twenty children aged 7-11 years were instructed to wear removable orthodontic appliances for 1 week. They were instructed to use a placebo solution (control) or 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate (experimental) to clean the appliances on days 4 and 7 after installation. After this period, the microbial contamination on the surfaces of the appliance was analyzed using checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization for 40 bacterial species. Data were analyzed by Fisher exact, t , and Wilcoxon tests (α = 0.05). Removable orthodontic appliances were heavily contaminated by the target microorganisms. Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus gordonii, and Eikenella corrodens were found in 100% of the appliances. Among cariogenic microorganisms, Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus were more abundant than Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei. Red complex pathogens were more abundant than orange complex species. Purple complex bacteria were the most prevalent among bacterial complexes not associated with specific pathologies, detected in 34% of the samples. After the use of chlorhexidine, the number of cariogenic microorganisms (S. mutans, S. sobrinus, and L. casei) decreased significantly (P <0.05), and the numbers of periodontal pathogenic species from the orange and red complex also decreased significantly (P <0.05). There was no reduction for Treponema socranskii. Removable orthodontic appliances were densely contaminated by several bacterial species. Twice-a-week application of chlorhexidine spray effectively reduced cariogenic and orange and red complex periodontal pathogens. • Chlorhexidine (CHX) has antibacterial effects that are sustained for longer periods. • 0.12% CHX mouthwash decreased microbial levels. • Twice-a-week application of CHX spray reduced cariogenic pathogens. • Twice-a-week application of CHX spray reduced orange complex periodontal pathogens. • Twice-a-week application of CHX spray reduced red complex periodontal pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Polymer bur is a new technology that proposes to conserve the dentin that is capable of remineralization. Aim: To conduct a quantitative systematic review to evaluate the effect of polymer burs on the reduction of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus after dentin carious excavation in deciduous teeth. Methods and Material: Two reviewers performed the database to identify the relevant clinical papers. Only papers in English that compared polymer burs with other caries removal techniques with the microbiological aspects as an outcome were included. Papers that evaluated only permanent teeth were excluded. Risk of bias was also assessed. Individual study effect sizes were calculated using Cohen’s d formula for the comparisons of microorganism reduction before and after carious excavation. Results: The search resulted in 12 non-duplicated papers. After the revision, only 2 were selected. The quantitative evaluation demonstrated that polymer bur reduces microorganism levels in carious dentin. The larger effect size observed was for Streptococcus mutans in the polymer bur technique (r=0.84; d=3.12), followed by Lactobacillus in the carbide bur technique (r=0.83; d=3.03). Conclusion: Polymer burs promoted a significant reduction of microorganism levels, mainly Streptococcus mutans in carious dentin.

Hemangioma is a benign vascular tumor that affects 3%–10% of the population and usually does not require specific treatment due to spontaneous regression. The purpose of this paper is to present a case report of a child having been born prematurely and diagnosed with hemangioma in the head and neck, emphasizing the dentofacial changes and treatment used to provide care. Severe fibrous scars were found in the perioral region and below the ear that limited the patient's ability to open her mouth. The child exhibited anterior open bite as well as dental caries in the lower jaw, hypomineralization, and enamel hypoplasia. Treatment consisted of dietary and oral hygiene orientations, dental prophylaxis, topical 1:23% acidulated phosphate fluoride gel, removal of the carious tissue, sealing with glass ionomer cement, and extraction. Dentists need to have knowledge on hemangioma for a proper diagnosis and the optimization of dental treatment.

Abstract Objective To evaluate and correlate, in the same research, the mRNA expression and the staining of RANK, RANKL, OPG, TLR2 and MyD88 by immunohistochemistry in the apical periodontitis (AP) progression in mice. Material and Methods AP was induced in the lower first molars of thirty-five C57BL/6 mice. They were assigned to four groups according to their euthanasia periods (G0, G7, G21 and G42). The jaws were removed and subjected to histotechnical processing, immunohistochemistry and real-time reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR). Data were analyzed with parametric and nonparametric tests (α=0.05). Results An increase of positive immunoreactivity for RANK, RANKL, OPG, TLR2 and MyD88 was observed over time (p