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This book is a Liber Amicorum for Martha Roggenkamp, Professor of Energy Law at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands. The chapters in this book celebrate her unique contribution to energy law. Martha Roggenkamp is a true force of energy, both personally and professionally. Her chair in energy law at the University of Groningen was the first in the Netherlands. She co-established the Dutch Energy Law Association and co-founded the Groningen Centre of Energy Law and Sustainability. With a formidable range of seminal publications, building on a large number of externally funded research projects, and of course her hearty laugh, she is one of the leading women in energy law in the Netherlands, in Europe and beyond. The chapters in this book showcase the diversity of the subject matter, the high academic standards as well as the connections that Martha Roggenkamp has nurtured across decades and continents. Painter portrait: Rianne SmitPhotographer portrait: Dirk FennemaCover design: Bas EkkersTypesetting: Riëtte van Zwol, LINE UP boek en media bv Publisher: University of Groningen PressBroerstraat 4 9712 CP Groningen Production support: LINE UP boek en media bv This publication is peer reviewed Editor Biographies Ruven Fleming is Assistant Professor of Energy Law at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, and Visiting Lecturer at TU Berlin, Germany. He is also Project Leader of hydrogen projects at the German Fuel Institute (DBI), TU Freiberg, Germany. Kars de Graaf is Professor of Public Law and Sustainability at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands. He is also Chair of the Dutch Association of Environmental Law (VMR). Leigh Hancher is Professor of European Law at Tilburg University, the Netherlands. She is also part-time Professor at the Florence School of Regulation (FSR) within the European University Institute (EUI) in Florence, Italy. Edwin Woerdman is Professor of Markets and Regulation at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands. He is

In order to maximize the use of the energy potential of offshore wind in the North Sea, the North Sea wind Power hub project, co-designed jointly by Denmark, Ger- many and a Dutch consortium, aims to improve the electricity generation and transmission process by connecting offshore wind farms to the mainland through hubs. The latter, according to the consortium’s plans, will be situated, inter alia, on artificial islands erected in the Doggersbank area of the North Sea. The present chapter will analyze the construction plans in light of some key international and EU legal instruments to assess the project’s viability.