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Neillieae was traditionally recognized as a small tribe in Rosaceae, which consists of Neillia, Stephanan- dra, and Physocarpus. Recently, Stephanandra was merged into Neillia based on molecular phylogenetic analyses, meaning that Neillieae now contains Neillia and Physocarpus. The genus Neillia is distinguished from Physocarpus by ovate to lanceolate leaves with acuminate to caudate apices, racemose or paniculate inflorescences, and a unicarpellate (rarely bicarpellate) gynoecium. Plants of Neillia are distributed from the Himalayas across China and Korea to Japan in the east, and south to Indonesia. This study provides a taxonomic treatment of Neillia based on a morphological exam- ination of herbarium specimens, including types, and field observations, as the second part of the taxonomic revision of the tribe Neillieae. A summary of the phylogeny of Neillia, keys to the species, nomenclatural reviews, descriptions, dis- tribution maps, and lists of specimens examined are provided. Twelve species with ten varieties are recognized in Neillia. A lectotype was designated here for the following species: N. sinensis f. glanduligera and N. thyrsiflora.

The tribe Neillieae, a small group of about 18 species in the Rosaceae, comprises three taxonomically difficult genera, Neillia, Physocarpus, and Stephanandra. The tribe, characterized by lobed leaves with persistent or deciduous stipules and ovoid, shiny seeds with copious endosperm, is strongly supported as a monophyletic group by a variety of lines of molecular evidence. Due to the high amount of morphological variation across the three genera and the species in tribe Neillieae, conflicting classification schemes and numerous species have been proposed over the past three centuries. However, no comprehensive systematic study of the group, including all species across their geographic ranges, has ever been undertaken. As part of a taxonomic revision of tribe Neillieae, a revision of Phys- ocarpus based on the morphological examination of herbarium specimens, including types, and field observation is presented. Artificial keys, comprehensive nomenclatural treatments, descriptions, distribution maps, and lists of spec- imens examined are provided. Six species in Physocarpus are recognized. A lectotype is here designated for the fol- lowing species: Opulaster pubescens, Opulaster ramaleyi, Spiraea opulifolia var. parvifolia, Spiraea opulifolia var. tomentella, Physocarpus michiganensis, and Physocarpus missouriensis.

The monotypic genus Guamatela was originally described from Guatemala and has also been collected in Honduras and Mexico. This taxon has been placed in tribe Neillieae of Rosaceae based on its follicular fruits and persistent stipules, but it is anomalous in the tribe due to lack of endosperm, while some of its other characters, such as opposite leaves, lack of a well developed hypanthium, and fused styles, are unusual for the entire family. No other taxonomic placement has ever been proposed for Guamatela, however, and morphological characters alone do not suggest any likely alternative. DNA was extracted from two herbarium specimens of G. tuerckheimii, one collected in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico in 1969 and the other in the department of El Progreso, Guatemala in 2000. Phylogenetic analyses of the chloroplast rbcL, atpB, and matK genes amplified from the materials, along with sequences from representatives of most major eudicot groups, strongly support Guamatela as a member of the rosid order Crossosomatales, as circumscribed in APG II. None of the molecular data supports the inclusion of Guamatela in any described family in the order, and the unique combination of morphological characters does not fit the description of any of those families. Based on these results, we here propose the new family Guamatelaceae to accommodate this genus.

Recent phylogenetic analyses of tribe Neillieae in Rosaceae, which comprises Neillia, Physocarpus, and Stephanandra, based on both nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences revealed that Neillia and Stephanandra together form a strongly supported monophyletic group and that species of Stephanandra are nested within Neillia. The close relationship between Neillia and Stephanandra is also supported by leaf morphology, inflorescence type, and carpel number. In order to better reflect the evolutionary relationships among species of Neillia and Stephanandra, based on molecular phylogenetic and morphological evidence, Stephanandra is united with Neillia, and three traditionally recognized species and a hybrid of Stephanandra are transferred to Neillia. This treatment results in new combinations as follows: N. hanceana (Kuntze) S. Oh, N. incisa (Thunberg) S. Oh, and N.×nakatsu-riparia (H. Takahashi) S. Oh. Stephanandra incisa (Thunberg) Zabel var. macrophylla Hideo Takahashi is treated as a new synonym of N...

A phylogeny of the tribe Neillieae (Rosaceae), which comprises Neillia, Stephanandra, and Physocarpus, was reconstructed based on nucleotide sequences of several regions of cpDNA, the ITS and ETS regions of rDNA, and the second intron of LEAFY, to elucidate relationships among genera and species in Neillieae and to assess the historical biogeography of the tribe. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that Physocarpus and Neillia-Stephanandra were strongly supported as monophyletic and suggested that Stephanandra may have originated by hybridization between two lineages of Neillia. Dispersal-vicariance analyses suggested that the most recent common ancestor of Neillieae may have occupied eastern Asia and western North America and that Physocarpus and Neillia-Stephanandra may have been split by an intercontinental vicariance event in the early Miocene. The biogeographic analyses also suggested that species of Neillia and Stephanandra diversified in eastern Asia, whereas in Physocarpus one dispersal event from western North America to eastern Asia occurred. Two divergent types of LEAFY sequences were found in the eastern North American species, P. opulifolius, but only one type was present in each plant. The two types of sequences may represent homeologous genes that originated by hybridization between P. capitatus and P. monogynus, both western North American species.

A B S T R A C T A comparative study of carpellary structure in the spiraeoid subtribes Quillajeae and Sorbarieae has shown that morphological inter-relationships are similar to those of other Rosaceae. When the suture is closed the carpels tend to be coherent and the ovular and wing bundles tend to be fused. These relationships are statistically significant in the Spiraeo deae as a whole. The construction of the gynoecium in Lindleya and in most species of Vauquelinia resembles that of a pomoid. Other features of a pomoid-spiraeoid affinity have been discussed. sub-tribes of the Spiraeoideae: Holodisceae, Neillieae, Spiraeeae, and Ulmarieae. The present study deals with the two remaining sub-tribes of this group: Quillajeae and Sorbarieae. Both Maximowicz (1879) and Jue (1918) regarded the Quillajeae as the most primitive sub-tribe of the Spiraeoideae. On the basis of the vascular structure of the pedicels and carpels, Bonne (1928) agreed with this view and declared that the other groups in the Rosaceae could be considered to diverge from the

A B S T R A C T The carpels of the Holodisceae, Neillieae, Spiraeeae, and Ulmarieae are usually separate from one another; most have open sutures, and their ovules tend to be monotegmic. The ovules are epitropic in Holodisceae, Spiraeeae, and Ulmarieae; they may be pleurotropic, apotropic, or epitropic in the Neillieae. In many species the carpels are partly fused with the floral cup. Only in Luetkea and some species of Spiraea and Stephanandra are the ovular and wing bundles separate at the base of the locule; in the other species ventral bundles persist above that level before dividing. In species with open sutures, the ovules are mostly bitegmic, and the ovular bundles tend to be separate from the wing bundles at the insertion level. An evolutionary trend towards fusion of the two ventral bundles with each other and with the dorsal bundle is shown. In Filipendula the dorsal bundle may be absent. A possible relationship between the Spiraeoideae and the Pomoideae is discussed. THE FEATURES of carpels in presumably primi