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Non vital teeth with periapical cysts do not respond to routine root canal therapy alone. Conventional RCT (root canal therapy) should be combined with conservative management of cysts or surgical management. Contemporary options for non-surgical management are repeated intra canal dressing with Ca (OH)2, aspiration and decompression techniques. Repeated intra canal dressing with Ca(OH)2 and Iodoform (Metapex) was advocated in 15 of our patients for a period of eight years from 2011-2019. The healing of the lesions was excellent with respect to bone formation, reestablishment of periodontal ligament and reduction in tooth mobility on follow up of six months to one and a half years. This case series gives insight of successful non-surgical management of periapical cysts. We reiterate the effectiveness of non-surgical management of periapical cysts as it was well observed in our case series. The promising prognosis of non-surgical management of periapical cysts can render the surgical options antediluvian.

Background: Maxillofacial trauma is most common in both developing and developed countries. Descriptive studies from various parts of the world helps us in understanding the patterns of these injuries which in turn help in formulating tailor made prevention strategies for that particular geographic region. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the patterns of maxillofacial fractures treated in IGMC & RI in Puducherry from 2011-2018. The objectives are to find out the type of maxillofacial fractures treated, to estimate the demographic data of maxillofacial fracture victims and to assess the treatment modality used (Closed reduction /open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). Materials and Methods: Data of surgically treated patients of maxillofacial fractures were retrieved, tabulated and analysed using SPSS software – 24 for descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The estimated results clearly indicate that males were most commonly affected by maxillofacial trauma. The common age group is 20 to 30 years. The major contributing aetiology for trauma is RTA and the common fracture that was encountered was fracture mandible and the fractures were largely managed by open reduction. Conclusion: The results obtained are expected to greatly contribute for the planning of prevention actions and management in health, assistance practices to victims of facial trauma, epidemiological surveillance and road traffic rules.

Background: Mandibular condyle fractures are commonly encountered in the practice of maxillofacial surgeon. Even though being a commonly seen fracture, the fracture condyle of the mandible demands meticulous diagnosis and a tailor made treatment plan for each and every patient. The treatment plan largely depends on the age of the patient and the displacement of the fractured fragment. This retrospective study provides an insight in to the management of fracture mandibular condyle by retromandibular approach. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the complications of the retromandibular transparotid approach in surgically operated patients with mandibular condylar fractures. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was performed by analyzing the treatment records of patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) by the retromandibular transparotid approach for seven years. Thirty-five patients who fulfilled the criteria were included in the study. Clinical parameters such as marginal mandibular nerve weakness, sialocele, occlusal derangement and decreased mouth opening were recorded during the first, fourth and twelfth weeks postoperatively. The retrieved data were analyzed for complications of the retromandibular approach in the management of mandibular condylar fractures. Results: In patients (N= 35) who underwent ORIF by the retromandibular transparotid approach, findings recorded at the end of the first week included 5 patients with sialocele, 2 patients with derangement of occlusion, 6 patients with restricted mouth opening and 1 patient with marginal mandibular nerve weakness. However, postoperatively, at the end of 4 weeks, the only complication observed was sialocele in 3 patients. Furthermore, at the end of 12 weeks, sialocele had completely resolved in all 3 patients, and they were free of complications. Conclusion: The retromandibular transparotid approach is a reliable and straightforward technique with manageable complications.

Background: Foreign bodies (FBs) in the maxillofacial region are not rare due to increasing trends of accidents and interpersonal assaults. This leads due to a steady increase in facial injuries. The management of FB starts with the development of strong clinical suspicion of the presence of FB during the initial wound examination. Face being the most appealing and esthetic part of the body, early recognition and removal of FB decrease the patient's morbidity. Further, chronic infection and recurrent surgeries can be avoided. Objectives: This retrospective study gives the clinical experience of the management of FB in the maxillofacial region in most referred tertiary care government hospital in South India. Further, the intricacies and the sequence of effective management were discussed in detail. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Dentistry, Government Rajaji hospital, Madurai Medical College, Tamil Nadu, India, for 5 years from 2014 to 2019 on the management of FBs in the maxillofacial region. Patient's records were analyzed for demographic data, etiology, clinical presentation, investigation, type of FB, and management. Results: Thirty-five patients were treated in the period of 5 years. Out of 35 patients, males were predominantly treated for retrieval of FB; the most common etiology is renal tubular acidosis, most of them presented early; computed tomography is the diagnostic modality used to detect most of the FB; the most common type of FB is the glass followed by wood, and the removal of FB was predominantly done under General anaesthesia (GA). Conclusion: Early recognition of FB in the maxillofacial region is important. This hastens the removal along with the management of fractures, if any without additional investigations and surgery.

Reconstruction of mandibular surgical defects often poses a great challenge to maxillofacial surgeons. Mandibular segmental defects majorly disrupt the occlusion, mastication, and the facial esthetics. Free autografts such as iliac crest and rib; allografts such as three-dimensional, bendable reconstruction plate; and patient-specific implant are some of the techniques that had been employed for the reconstruction of such defects. Nevertheless, in recent times, the most dependable modes of reconstruction are the microvascular fibula reconstruction and transport distraction techniques. Transport distraction osteogenesis (TDO) is a reliable technique without donor-site morbidity especially in the dentate region of the mandible as it provides native bone for rehabilitation. The aim of this article is to report a successful case of TDO to fill the defect in the left body of the mandible secondary to segmental resection of the mandible for keratocystic odontogenic tumor. The technique was successful with a 2-year follow-up period without any potential esthetic compromise.

Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has a strong association with intravenous drug use (IVDU). IVDU is a growing public health concern, even in the adolescent population. To our knowledge, there are no published HCV screening studies targeting high-risk adolescents who attend drug rehabilitation centers. This study was designed to determine the seroprevalence of HCV infection utilizing point-of-care (POC) testing at an adolescent drug rehabilitation center and gain a preliminary understanding of the acceptance rate for HCV screening in this high-risk population. Methods This single-center, observational study was conducted at a major drug rehabilitation center in northeast Ohio from July 2016 to June 2017. The consented adolescents who presented at the center were recruited to participate in HCV screening. The participants were administered a survey to assess their demographics and risk behavior profile followed by HCV testing utilizing a POC test. Results During the study period, 150 adolescents were admitted to the drug rehabilitation center, of whom 100 were approached and 85 agreed to participate. Forty percent of the participants (34/85) were females, and 78% (66/85) were white. HCV prevalence among participants was 5% (4/85), all of whom were females. History of heroin use was reported by 15% (13/85) and it was associated with HCV seropositivity; 100% (4/4) of all HCV-positive individuals reported the use of heroin vs only 11% (9/81) of HCV-negative individuals (P =.0004). Conclusions Our study showed a high prevalence of HCV among adolescents attending a drug rehabilitation center with high acceptance of POC HCV testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]