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To quantify amines in ingredients and in different types of feed and to verify spermine inclusion influence in polyamine levels at storage of experimental diets of broiler, ingredients to formulate diets and commercial starting and growth feeds and were purchased. Spermidine, spermine, putrescine, cadaverine, agmatine, tyramine and histamine were detected by ion pair high performance liquid chromatography in ingredients, commercial diets, control and 0.06 and 012% spermine included formulations. Bioactive amines levels were analysed weekly to initial and growth diets, respectively until 21st and 49th days of storage at 26 ± 3°C and 72% relative humidity. All amines were detected in commercial feed. Spermidine and spermine predominate in soybean, wheat and corn, and tyramine in meat and bone meal. To initial diets averages of cadaverine reduced significantly in day 21, except for 0.06% spermine inclusion; agmatine decreased (p

The objective was to study the stress level in dogs during grooming services in a pet shop. A total of 55 grooming services carried out in a pet shop in the city of Janaúba, MG, were evaluated and divided into four categories according to sex and body weight. The flowchart of the grooming process contained six steps that began with the transportation of dogs to the pet shop and finished with their return to the place of origin. Behavioral, physiological, and blood component evaluations were performed at different steps of the process. Changes in dog behavior and physiological parameters were observed primarily upon arrival at the pet shop and during drying. Employee characteristics also influenced dogs’ behaviors. However, dogs were able to thermoregulate and maintain the homeostasis of leukocytes, glucose and cortisol in the blood.

RESUMO Desde tempos remotos, a pelagem é valorizada no agronegócio equestre. Em animais Campolina, objetivou-se avaliar a ocorrência de pelagens e a distribuição entre sexos nos estados do Brasil, assim como verificar a frequência desse fenótipo nos acasalamentos e associá-lo com medidas lineares e qualidade da marcha. Foram selecionados 44.437 registros definitivos e utilizaram-se testes de qui-quadrado para avaliar a distribuição de pelagens entre sexos, estados e décadas. Por análise descritiva, foi obtida frequência de acasalamento dos fenótipos e proporções resultantes nos filhos. Foram contabilizados os indivíduos acasalados e os mais usados por décadas de nascimento e de registro. Pelagens baia, alazã e castanha predominaram, com 20.422; 11.941 e 5.256 animais, respectivamente. O fenótipo baio representou 45,21% em Minas Gerais; 46,98% no Rio de Janeiro e 48,98% em São Paulo. Para machos e fêmeas constatou-se maior frequência de pelagens baia, alazã e castanha. Os acasalamentos mais frequentes foram alazã x baia, baia x baia e baia x castanha. Este é o primeiro artigo a avaliar a ocorrência das pelagens em equinos da raça Campolina, sendo baia a mais prevalente em ambos os sexos. A qualidade da marcha ao registro não está associada à pelagem. Esse fenótipo deve ser usado com cautela na seleção.

Cabacinha cheese from Vale do Jequitinhonha is similar mozzarella, but in this milk is crude, being the product is stored at ambient without packaging. Besides it contributes to local income, customers may be food-poisoned. The objective of this study was to verify the physical-chemical and microbiological characteristics of samples of Cabacinha cheese produced and marketed in Vale do Jequitinhonha-MG. Samples were bought in tents (n=25), restaurants (n=4) and bakeries (n=2) located by BR 251 and BR 116 highways in the towns of Medina, Cachoeira de Pajeú and Pedra Azul. Cheeses from 17 marketplaces were purchased from the first town, 10 from the second and 4 from the third, respectively. The coliforms at 35ºC, Escherichia coli, coagulase positive Staphylococcus, lactic acid bacteria, filamentous fungi and yeasts were 1.8 x 103; 1 x 101; 4.6 x 103; 6.3 x 107 and 4.9 x 106 Colony Forming Units per gram, respectively, and Salmonella spp. are absent. The chemical characteristics mean was 26.47% of protein, 27.69% of fat, 4.34% of minerals, 36.23% of moisture, 843.66 mg/100g of sodium and pH of 5.14. This is the first paper that describes microbiological and chemical characteristics of Cabacinha cheese from Vale do Jequitinhonha. The absence of regulations for microbiological parameters may put the health of consumers at risk. O queso Cabacinha de Vale do Jequitinhonha es similar a la mozzarella, sin embargo, se produce a partir de leche cruda y el producto se almacena a temperatura ambiente. Este derivado lácteo puede contribuir a incrementar los ingresos de la población local, especialmente de los vecinos de los márgenes de las carreteras, debido al gran flujo de vehículos y posibles compradores. Pueden contraer enfermedades transmitidas por los alimentos al ingerir alimentos contaminados debido a condiciones higiénico-sanitarias insatisfactorias. El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar las características físicas, químicas y microbiológicas del queso Cabacinha producidas y comercializadas en Vale do Jequitinhonha-MG.Las muestras se adquirieron en carpas (n = 25), restaurantes (n = 4) y panaderías (n = 2) ubicadas en las carreteras BR 251 y BR 116 en los municipios de Medina, Cachoeira de Pajeú y Pedra Azul. Los recuentos promedio de coliformes a 35 ºC, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus coagulasa positiva, bacterias del ácido láctico, hongos filamentosos y levaduras fueron 1.8 x 103; 1 x 101; 4,6 x 103; 6,3 x 107 y 4,9 x 106 UFC / g, respectivamente, con Salmonella spp. Los valores medios de las características químicas fueron 26,47% de proteína, 27,69% de grasa, 4,34% de minerales, 36,23% de el humedad, 843,66 mg / 100 g de sodio y 5,14 de pH. . El estudio demostró la precariedad de las estructuras físicas y, en consecuencia, la falta de condiciones higiénico-sanitarias adecuadas. A pesar de estos problemas, hubo un recuento bajo de coliformes a 35 ºC y E. coli, en cuanto a Staphylococcus coagulasa positivo, el 80,64% de los quesos resultó en recuentos aceptados para la comercialización de Mozzarella. El porcentaje de 48,38% de las muestras de queso Cabacinha se clasificó como semigraso y de baja humedad, el resto como graso y de humedad media. O queijo cabacinha do Vale do Jequitinhonha é parecido com a mussarela, porém é produzido a partir de leite cru, sendo o produto armazenado em temperatura ambiente. Esse derivado lácteo pode contribuir para a elevação da renda da população local, principalmente dos moradores das margens das rodovias, em função do grande fluxo de veículos e possíveis compradores. Estes podem adquirir doenças de origem alimentar ao ingerirem alimentos contaminados por causa das condições higiênico-sanitárias insatisfatórias. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar as características físico-químicas e microbiológicas de amostras de queijo Cabacinha produzidos e comercializados no Vale do Jequitinhonha-MG. As amostras foram adquiridas em barracas (n = 25), restaurantes (n = 4) e padarias (n = 2) localizadas nas rodovias BR 251 e BR 116 nos municípios de Medina, Cachoeira de Pajeú e Pedra Azul. As contagens médias de coliformes a 35 ºC, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus coagulase positivo, bactérias ácido-lácticas, fungos filamentosos e leveduras foram 1,8 x 103; 1 x 101; 4,6 x 103; 6,3 x 107 e 4,9 x 106 UFC/g, respectivamente, sendo ausente Salmonella spp. Os valores médios referentes às características químicas foram 26,47% de proteína, 27,69% de gordura, 4,34% de minerais, 36,23% de umidade, 843,66 mg/100g de sódio e 5,14 de pH. O estudo demonstrou a precariedade das estruturas físicas e consequentemente a falta de condições higiênico-sanitárias adequadas. Apesar desses problemas houve baixa contagem de coliformes a 35 ºC e E. coli, quanto a Staphylococcus coagulase positivo, 80,64% dos queijos resultaram em contagens aceitas para a comercialização de Mussarela. O percentual de 48,38%, das amostras de Queijo Cabacinha, foi classificado como semigordo e de baixa umidade, o restante como gordo e média umidade.

CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Outra Agência The serum proteinograms of 10 female Holstein calves fed milk either through conventional (COV) or step-down (STP) milk feeding methods at different ages were evaluated. Calves fed using the COV method were fed colostrum during the first 24 hours that they stayed with their respective mothers and received transition milk for another 2 days and later, and then milk at four liters/day for 59 days. Calves fed using the STP method were fed colostrum and then milk as follows: Six liters of milk/day from days six to 25 after birth, four liters of milk/day from days 26 to 45, and two liters of milk/day from days 46 to 59 after birth. Blood sampling was performed at 7, 21, 28, 42, 49 and 56 days of age. For calves fed using either of the two milk feeding methods, the serum concentration of albumin increased, while the serum concentration of β-globulin decreased with increasing calf age. Calves fed using the COV method had higher serum total protein, globulin, β-globulin, and γ-globulin concentrations, while the concentrations of A/G, α1-globulin, and α2-globulin were higher for calves in the STP group. These results are important for establishing the serum protein profile of calves, which is significantly influenced by milk feeding methods and calf age.

FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais Outra Agência Em Minas Gerais, Brasil, couve e Ora-pro-nóbis são folhosas comuns e a dessecação dessas pode aumentar vida útil e valor agregado. Objetivou-se desidratar e realizar análise físico-química e microbiológica de Brassica oleraceae e Pereskia aculeata ao sol e em secador. Folhas sanitizadas e enxaguadas foram cortadas em espessura aproximada de 5 mm e porções de 300 g foram colocadas em bandejas, no secador a 60 °C e ao sol. Monitorou-se a perda de umidade até estabilização da massa e elaboraram-se gráficos de secagem. Após estabilizar por 8h, as amostras foram acondicionadas a vácuo e armazenadas em temperatura ambiente por cinco dias para análises físicas, microbiológicas e químicas. A perda de massa foi mais acentuada nas primeiras horas e posteriormente observou-se decréscimo. As equações de perda de massa foram: y=5,649x2 –77,63x+301,0 para couve cortada sob secagem ao sol; y=2,800x2 –53,35x+300,2 para Ora-pro-nóbis cortado sob secagem ao sol nas primeiras 10h; y=0,098x2 –2,099x+40,30 para Ora-pro nóbis cortado sob secagem ao sol nas 4h seguintes; y=1,449x2 –39,50x+300 para couve cortada em secagem artificial; y=1,637x2 –42,93x+300 para Ora-pro-nóbis cortado sob secagem artificial; y=0,377x2 – 20,02x+293,0 para folhas íntegras de Ora-pro-nóbis sob secagem artificial. Constatou-se ausência de contaminantes físicos e de Salmonella spp., além de contagens de Staphylococcus coagulase positivo e coliformes a 35°C inferiores às permitidas, nos dois métodos de desidratação. As médias de umidade foram 8,32 a 8,37% e de proteínas, 18,72 a 24,74%. A qualidade físico química e microbiológica de B. oleraceae e P. aculeata desidratadas ao sol e em secador foi satisfatória. In Minas Gerais, Brazil, cabbage and ora-pro-nóbis are common hardwoods and it is conserved by desiccation can increase the shelf life and value. This study aimed to dehydrate Brassica oleraceae and Pereskia aculeata by sunlight and in laboratory dryer and determine its physical chemical and microbiological quality. The leaves disinfected were cut to a thickness of 5 mm and portions of 300 g were placed on dryer at 60°C and under the sun. The loss of moisture has monitored until stabilization of the weight and graphics were designed with mass variation. After humidity stabilization for 8 h, the samples were vacuum packaging and stored at room temperature for five days to physical, microbiological and chemical tests. The mass loss was more accentuated in first hours and subsequently decreased. The mass loss equations were: y=5.649x2 – 77.63x+301.0 for cut cabbage under sun drying; y=2.800x2 – 53.35x+300.2 for cut Ora-pro-nóbis under sun drying in the first 10 h; y=0.098x2 –2,099x+40.30 for cut Ora-pro-nóbis under sun drying in following 4h; y=1.449x2 –39,50x+300 for cut cabbage into artificial drying; y=1.637x2 –42.93x+300 for cut Ora-pro-nóbis under artificial drying; y=0,377x2 – 20,02x+293,0 for uncut leaves of Ora-pro-nóbis under artificial drying. It was not physical contaminants and Salmonella spp., besides counts of Coagulase positive Staphylococcus. and coliforms at 35°C below the allowed, for the two methods of dehydration. The humidity mean in dehydrated vegetables were 8.32 to 8.37% and proteins, 18.72 to 24.74%. The physical-chemical and microbiological quality of dehydrated B. oleraceae and P. aculeata under sunlight and in artificial dryer were satisfactory.

CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Outra Agência Objective: this study evaluated the effects in vitro and in vivo of Agaricus blazei against Haemonchus contortus in sheep. Methods: the in vitro efficacy of aqueous extract on egg hatching inhibition (EHI) was investigated and after 72 h incubation with varying concentrations the effects on, blastomeres, embryonated eggs, and first stage larvae (L1) were evaluated. Larval development inhibition (LDI) for dry powder and the aqueous extract were evaluated in fecal cultures of sheep infected with H. contortus. In vivo efficacy was determined by reduction in fecal egg count (FEC). Lambs were treated with powder A. blazei (11.4 g/kg pc) or trichlorfon, or were untreated and the possible toxicity of this fungus was monitored by plasmatic enzyme analysis. Results: concentrations equal to and higher than 3.62 mg/mL and of aqueous extract were 100% effective in the EHI test. In the LDI test, LC90 was estimated for 5.66 and 106.0 mg/g fecal culture for aqueous extract and powder, respectively. The mean FEC in lambs 14 days post-treatment with A. blazei powder was significantly lower than observed for the negative control, and the serum levels of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase were normal. Conclusion: the fungi supplementation promotes, respectively, high and moderate anthelmintic efficacy with in vitro and in vivo tests, respectively, suggesting it as an alternative or complementary treatment for haemonchosis in sheep.

CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Outra Agência We evaluated the activity of Annona crassiflora leaves against Haemonchus contortus resistant to albendazol. Aqueous (AE), ethanolic (EE) and ethyl acetate (EAE) extracts were produced and the predominant presence of flavonoids was observed in HPLC-DAD chromatograms. Initially we evaluated the larval development inhibition (LDI) of dry A. crassiflora leaf powder or its AE directly in fecal quantitative cultures. The efficacies of the extracts, with or without tannins, on egg hatching inhibition (EHI) were investigated reveling that the EE was the most effective (LC90 = 8.96 mg/mL). However, after tannin removal, AE showed the highest activity (LC90 = 4.27 mg/mL). In the LDI test, the LC90 of AE was < 6.25 mg/g of fecal culture and to leaf powder of leaves was 69.14 mg/g. High efficacies of AE and EE for EHI were detected and the tannins were not the main active metabolites. The anthelmintic potential of this plant could be attributed to association between flavonoids and other metabolites. Avaliou-se a atividade de folhas de Annona crassifloracontra Haemonchus contortusresistentes ao albendazol. Extratos aquosos (EA), etanólicos (EE) e acetato de etila (EAE) foram produzidos e a presença predominante de flavonoides foi observada em cromatogramas HPLC-DAD. Inicialmente avaliou-se a inibição do desenvolvimento larval (IDL) do pó seco de folhas de A. crassiflorae seu EA diretamente em coproculturas quantitativas. As eficácias dos extratos, com ou sem taninos, na inibição da eclosão dos ovos (IEO) foram investigadas revelando que o EE foi o mais efetivo (CL90= 8,96 mg/mL). No entanto, após a remoção do tanino, o EA apresentou a maior atividade (CL90= 4,27 mg/mL). No teste IDL, a CL90de EA foi

CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Outra Agência In this study we evaluated the oral toxicity of leaf extracts of Annona crassiflora of for mice and the blood and parasitological parameters of lambs experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus and treated with leaves of this plant. The highest dose of AE (aqueous extract) administered to mice (203.0 mg/kg bw) was well tolerated, suggesting low toxicity. At necropsy, macroscopic examination revealed no abnormalities of the evaluated viscera. Lambs infected with the nematode were divided one group treated with leaf powder and a control group that did not treat. Split-plot design analysis was performed where the treatments were defined as plots and three periods of collection were defined as subplots. Similar performances to weight gain were observed among the lamb groups. The oral administration of leaf powder at 2.75g /Kg bw did not alter the physiological blood parameters in comparison to untreated lambs; however, this dose was not efficient to fecal egg reduction. We consider that other formulations and administration protocols should be evaluated to promote an effective alternative control using the leaves of this plant. Neste estudo avaliou-se a toxicidade oral de extratos de folhas de Annona crassifloraem camundongos e os parâmetros parasitológicos e sanguíneos de cordeiros experimentalmente infectados com Haemonchus contortuse tratados com folhas dessa planta. A dose mais elevadado extrato aquoso (EA), administrada aos camundongos (203,0 mg / kg de peso corporal (pc)) foi bem tolerada, sugerindo baixa toxicidade. Na necropsia, o exame macroscópico não revelou anormalidades nas vísceras avaliadas. Cordeiros infectados com o nematódeo foram divididos em um grupo tratado com pó das folhas e um grupo controle não tratado. A análise do delineamento foi em parcelas subdivididas, os tratamentos foram definidos como parcelas e três períodos de coleta como subparcelas. O ganho de peso médio similar entre os grupos de borregos avaliados durante o período avaliado. A administração oral do pó das a 2,75g / kg pc não alterou os parâmetros fisiológicos do sangue em comparação aos cordeiros não tratados; no entanto, essa dose não foi eficiente para a redução fecal de ovos. Outras formulações e protocolos de administração devem ser avaliados para promover um controle alternativo e eficaz usando as folhas dessa planta.

In this study we evaluated the efficacy of trichlorfon against Haemonchus contortus, monitoring its influence on blood parameters and plasma enzymes of lambs with haemonchosis. A lamb group was orally treated with trichlorfon at 100 mg kg−1 while the other group was untreated. Split-plot design analysis was performed with the lamb groups defined as plots while the subplots were the four periods (weeks) of collection. The trichlorfon treatment promoted a significant and effective reduction of fecal egg counts after one week, with efficacies > 99%. After 21 days of treatment, detected blood parameters and serum levels of plasma enzymes were normal. Additionally, serum albumin and urea concentrations increased to normal values, which were not observed in untreated lambs. The treatment with this organophosphate, using a correct oral administration, may represent an effective therapeutic alternative for sheep infected with multi resistant strain of H. contortus.

A reprodução é necessária para produção de descendentes e permite continuidade das espécies. Nos equinos a estação reprodutiva ocorre em épocas de maior luminosidade, pois são caracterizados como poliéstricos estacionais, ou seja, as éguas possuem atividade ovulatória em determinados períodos do ano. Desta forma, fatores interferentes na reprodução devem ser evitados, além de ser necessário o estudo da fisiologia e particularidades da espécie, a fim de aumentar a viabilidade reprodutiva dos equinos. Diante disso, objetivou-se com esta revisão compilar aspectos relacionados à fisiologia do ciclo estral, gestação e parto, assim como, explanar alguns dos principais fatores interferentes no contexto da involução uterina e ciclicidade pós-parto em éguas. No intuito de reduzir ou eliminar os problemas reprodutivos nas éguas. Reproduction is necessary for the production of offspring and allows for the continuity of species. In equines the reproductive season occurs in times of greater luminosity, since they are characterized as seasonal polyester, that is, mares have ovulatory activity at certain periods of the year. In this way, interfering factors in the reproduction should be avoided, in addition to the study of the physiology and particularities of the species, in order to increase the reproductive viability of the horses. The objective of this review was to compile aspects related to the physiology of the estrous cycle, gestation and delivery, as well as to explain some of the main interfering factors in the context of uterine involution and postpartum cyclicity in mares. In order to reduce or eliminate reproductive problems in mares.

CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior This study aimed to evaluate the hematological profile, hepatic function, and histopathology of mixed-sex broilers fed rations supplemented with microencapsulated essential oils from Cymbopogon flexuosus (lemon grass) and Lippia rotundifolia (chá-de-pedestre). One hundred and fifty Cobb chicks were housed in cages from 1 to 42 days of age in a completely randomized design, with six replicates with five chickens in each of five treatments (150 total chicks): basal diet without antibiotic growth promoter (negative control), diet with enramicina and salinomycin (positive control), diet with lemon grass essential oil, diet with L. rotundifolia essential oil, and diet with a mixture of lemon grass and L. rotundifolia essential oils. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) were significantly lower in untreated broilers (negative control group). Gender was not associated with erythrogram values, but aspartate aminotransferase activity (AST) was higher in females. Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) was higher in chicks in the group that received rations with lemon grass oil. Broilers that received L. rotundifolia oil developed more hepatic lesions, although no effect of sex was observed related to the lesion score. Biliary hyperplasia and fibroplasias were observed in all groups, with higher histopathology scores in broilers that received diets containing L. rotundifolia oil. Mixed-sex broilers fed rations supplemented with lemon grass and L. rotundifolia essential oils have normal complete blood counts and unspecific hepatic lesions and are characterized by lipidosis, hyperplasia of the bile ducts, and fibroplasia.

CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais Outra Agência Compounds isolated from Agaricus blazei Murill represent a group of promising natural immunomodulators for use in the treatment of neoplasms. We have evaluated the serum biochemical profile of healthy and Ehrlich tumor-bearing mice treated with different extracts of A. blazei. Total, supernatant, and polysaccharide extracts of A. blazei were obtained from suspensions (at acidic or neutral pH) kept in a water bath at 60 °C or in an ultrasonic bath at 37 °C. After oral administering the extracts to mice for 21 days, blood samples were collected for determination of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatine kinase (CK), urea, total protein, albumin, globulins, and alpha-, beta- and gamma-globulin fractions. The presence of the tumor led to a significant increase in serum CK and AST activities and in the concentrations of total globulin and the gamma-globulin fraction, and to a decrease in the albumin and alpha2-globulin levels. The polysaccharide extracts of A. blazei reduced the serum AST and ALT activities, probably due to a hepatoprotective effect. In addition, polysaccharide and supernatant extracts inhibited the tumor-induced increase in gamma-globulin levels. Thus, the supernatant and polysaccharide fractions of the extract of A. blazei have potential for use in complementary antineoplastic treatments. Biocompostos de Agaricus blazei Murril representam imunomoduladores naturais promissores para uso no tratamento de neoplasias. Objetivou-se avaliar o perfil bioquímico hepático sérico camundongos saudáveis ou portadores do tumor de Ehrlich tratados com diferentes extratos de A. blazei. Em pH ácido ou neutro e sob temperatura de extração de 60 ºC em banho-maria ou 37 ºC em banho ultrassônico foram obtidos extratos totais, de sobrenadante e de polissacarídeos de A. blazei. Após administração oral dos tratamentos para camundongos por 21 dias foram realizadas coletas de sangue e determinadas as atividades de aspartato aminotransferase (AST), alanina aminotransferase (ALT), creatina quinase (CK) e as concentrações de ureia, proteína total, albumina, globulinas e frações alfa, beta e gama-globulina. A presença do tumor de Ehrlich foi responsável por aumento significativo nas atividades séricas de AST e CK e das concentrações de globulinas totais e da fração gama-globulina, além de redução dos níveis de albumina e das alfa2-globulinas. Os extratos de polissacarídeos de A. blazeireduziram as atividades séricas de AST e ALT, provavelmente devido a um efeito hepatoprotetor. Além disto, extratos de polissacarídeos e sobrenadante inibiram o aumento das gama-globulinas induzido pelo tumor. Assim, as frações de polissacarídeos e sobrenadante do extrato de A. blazei apresentam bom potencial para uso complementar ao tratamento antineoplásico.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar os teores de matéria seca (MS), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), proteína bruta (PB), matéria mineral (MM) e lignina e avaliar os teores de degradabilidade in vitro da matéria seca (DIVMS) do feno de Arachis pintoi. Foram utilizados cinco canteiros de 3,99m² cada e nove cortes foram realizados em intervalos de 40 dias durante um ano. As médias de NDF, ADF, MM, lignina e IVDDM foram submetidas ao teste de Scott-Knott (p≤0,05). DM e lignina não variaram estatisticamente, os valores de NDF, ADF, MM e IVDDM diferiram (p≤0,05) variando respectivamente de 36,72 a 42,71%, 16,21 a 19,45%, 14,68 a 20,69%, 1,22 a 2,00% e 75,18 a 84,13 % O amendoim perene cortado a cada 40 dias nas condições de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brasil apresentou boas características nutricionais, e alta DIVMS, sugerindo seu uso na alimentação de bovinos, principalmente em períodos de escassez de forragem, pois o feno pode ser armazenado por longos períodos. The aim of this work was to determine the contents of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), crude protein (CP), mineral matter (MM), and lignin and to evaluate the in vitro dry matter degradability (IVDMD) of Arachis pintoi hay. Five beds with 3.99m² each were used and nine cuts were made after 40days intervals during a year. Mean NDF, ADF, MM, lignin and IVDDM were submitted to the Scott-Knott test (p≤0.05). DM and lignin did not vary statistically, the values of NDF, ADF, MM and IVDDM differed (p≤0.05) ranging respectively from 36.72 to 42.71%, 16.21 to 19.45%, 14.68 to 20.69%, 1.22 to 2.00% and 75.18 to 84.13%. The perennial peanut cut every 40days under the conditions of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil showed good nutritional characteristics, and high IVDMD, suggesting its use for feeding cattle, especially in periods of scarcity of forage, because hay can be stored for long periods.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:43:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-01-01 Background: Caryocar brasiliense Cambess (Caryocaraceae) is an arboreal plant native of Brasilian Cerrado and its fruit is an important source of food and income for the human population of this region. In addition to using as food, different parts of this tree have great medicinal potential as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antihelmintic. However, the active metabolites those are likely to confer these pharmacological properties healing may also be toxic dependent upon the dose and route of administration. In this quest, the aim of this study was to assess the acute toxicity of aqueous extracts of fruit peels and leaves of C. brasiliense in mice of both genders. Materials, Methods & Results: The aqueous extracts were obtained by decoction, diluted in water and filtered through membrane. The toxicity of extract of fruit peels (62.5 at 500 mg/kg of body weight (BW) and leaf extract (18.75 mg/kg bw) were evaluated in males and females mice (Mus musculus) Swiss by intraperitoneal route. For 2 control groups were administered injection water. The clinical signs and deaths were recorded up to 14 days after administration. The lethal doses for 10 (LD10) or 50 (LD50) % of population were estimated with Probit regression analysis. The Chi-square test was used to analyze differences of mortality frequencies between males and females. The groups treated with the two lower doses of both extracts completely abolished the clinical alteration between two and four hours after inoculation. The comportment of control group's animals was normalized immediately after administration of injection water. The higher dose administered in both experiments were lethal for all animals, but the doses 250 mg/kg BW of fruit peels extract and 150 mg/kg of BW of leaves extract caused mortality of 100% just in males. However, in both experiments there were no significant differences between the mortality frequency for groups of male and female, as well the comportment of these animals when these doses were administered. Dose-dependent response was observed to mortality. The LD10 corresponded to 89.6 mg/kg BW and LD50 was 149.8 mg/kg BW for fruit peel extract. For the leaf extract, LD10 and LD50 were 33.35 and 67.01 mg/kg BW, respectively. Discussion: Aqueous extracts of the fruit peels and leaves of C. brasiliense were classified as very toxic since the LD50 ranged from 50 to 500 mg / kg BW. For both extracts, similar behavioral changes were observed. Among the secondary metabolites present in fruit peel and leaves, saponins and tannins can promote nervous symptoms. Although there are no records in the literature about animals and human orally intoxicated with any part of C. brasiliense, the development of specific studies to determine its toxicity is relevant, considering the social and ecological importance of this plant. Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos Universidade de São Paulo (FZEAUSP), SP Instituto de Ciências Agrárias (ICA-UFMG), MG Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, SP Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), MG UFMG Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, MG Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, SP

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the mushroom Agaricus blazeii Murril (ABM) extracts on the hematological profile of Swiss mice bearing an Ehrlich solid tumor. Three fractions (total extract, polysaccharides, and supernatant) of ABM extracts obtained by four methods (ultrasonic or water bath, at pH 4 or pH 7) were administered to mice over 21 days. Polysaccharide solutions were analyzed by gas and liquid chromatography that showed both mannose and glucose concentrations. The method of extraction influenced the degree of glucose polymerization and the mannose/glucose relationship. The treatment with ABM supernatant at pH 7 and water bath was associated with reduced concentrations of leukocytes and lymphocytes and altered the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes in Ehrlich tumor-bearing mice. The treatment with the ABM extract in water bath and ultrasound at pH 4 resulted in lower lymphocyte counts, regardless of tumor presence, and greater granulocyte values in mice with Ehrlich tumor than in controls. We concluded that different fractions and methods of extraction of A. blazei produced differing blood profiles in mice inoculated with the Ehrlich tumor. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o efeito de diferentes extratos do cogumelo Agaricus blazeii Murril (ABM) sobre o perfil hematológico de camundongos Swiss portadores de tumor de Ehrlich sólido. Três frações (extrato total, polissacarídeos e sobrenadante) dos extratos de ABM foram obtidas por quatro métodos (sonificador, banho-maria, em pH 4 ou pH 7) e administradas para camundongos durante 21 dias. Soluções de polissacarídeos foram analisadas por cromatografia gasosa e líquida, que mostraram concentrações de glucose e manose. O método de extração influenciou o grau de polimerização da glicose e a relação manose/glucose. O tratamento com o sobrenadante de ABM (em pH 7 e banho-maria) estava associado com reduzidas concentrações de leucócitos e linfócitos, além de alterar a porcentagem de linfócitos CD4+ e CD8+ em camundongos portadores de tumor sólido de Ehrlich. O tratamento com extratos de ABM, obtidos tanto em banho-maria como no sonificador em pH 4, resultou nas mais baixas contagens de linfócitos, independentemente da presença do tumor, e nos maiores valores de granulócitos em camundongos com tumor de Ehrlich. Conclui-se que os diferentes métodos de extração com as respectivas frações de A. blazei são capazes de intereferir no perfil hematológico de camundongos com tumor sólido de Ehrlich.

This study evaluated the effects of ethanol extract of Capsicum frutescens L. (Solanaceae), colloquially known as malagueta pepper, on egg production and hatching rate of larvae of Rhipicephalus microplus. Plant samples were collected in Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Selected mature fruits were washed, dehydrated in a forced air oven at 40 ± 5 °C to constant weight. The material was incubated in absolute ethanol during 10 days, and the extract was filtered, dried, and stored in amber vials under refrigeration at 4 °C. Engorged adult female ticks were immersed in 10 ml solutions of ethanol extracts at 25, 50, 75, 100, or 150 mg ml(-1) dry matter, solubilized in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at 1% v/v. These concentrations were compared to distilled water or 1% v/v DMSO in distilled water as negative controls and a commercial product as positive control. The extract resulted in significantly lower oviposition at all tested concentrations when compared to the negative controls. On days 2 and 3 posttreatment, mortality rates of female ticks ≥55% were observed for concentrations ≥75 mg ml(-1). These concentrations resulted in a significantly lower hatchability mean, and the LC90 on hatching inhibition of R. microplus, estimated by probit analysis, was 91.8 mg ml(-1). High acaricidal in vitro effect was verified, and toxicological tests and analyses in vivo are important to determine appropriate dosages and frequency of the application necessary to promote this extract as safe and effective alternative for control of R. microplus.

Para avaliar o efeito do sistema de aleitamento fracionado no desenvolvimento ruminal de bezerros leiteiros holandeses, foram utilizados 12 animais, com peso corporal inicial médio de 37,0 kg, alojados individualmente em baias. O tratamento convencional constituiu-se de quatro litros de leite diários durante 60 dias e o fracionado, de seis litros do 6º ao 25º dia; quatro litros dos dias 26 a 45 e dois litros de 46 a 59 dias de vida, além de concentrado, feno de Cynodon sp., água e suplemento mineral, oferecidos livremente. O consumo dos alimentos foi monitorado diariamente e os animais, pesados semanalmente, após o fornecimento da dieta líquida, pela manhã. Aos 60 dias de vida, os animais foram abatidos e realizaram-se pesagens do trato digestivo e medidas histológicas das papilas ruminais. O sistema de aleitamento não interferiu significativamente no consumo de concentrado, de feno, de matéria seca total e no peso corporal final vazio. O aleitamento fracionado resultou em maior peso corporal final, pesos absolutos do trato digestivo, do ruminorretículo, do omaso e dos intestinos, de pesos relativos do omaso e dos intestinos e maior índice mitótico das papilas ruminais. O sistema de aleitamento fracionado pode ser alternativa para melhorar o desenvolvimento ruminal e o desempenho de bezerros. To evaluate the effect of the fractionated nursing system in rumen development were used 12 Holstein calves, with an initial body weight average of 37.0 kg, individually maintained in holding pens. Conventional treatment was made with four liters of milk daily, during 60 days and fractionated nursing was composed by six liters from the 6th until 25th day, four liters of 26 to 45 and two liters from 46 to 59 days of life. Besides that liquid diet, Cynodon sp. hay, water and mineral supplement were freely offered. Food consumption was monitored daily. The animals were weighted weekly at morning, after the delivery of liquid diet. At 60 days, the calves were euthanized and the digestive system was weighted and rumen papillae were microscopically measured. The nursing system did not interfere significantly in concentrate, hay and total dry matter intake. In contrast, fractionated nursing resulted in higher body weight at 60 days and significant increase in absolute weight of digestive tract, rumen-reticulum, omasum and intestines, so as relative weight of omasum, intestines and mitotic index of ruminal papillae. The fractionated nursing system may be a feeding alternative to improve the rumen development and of calves.

The fractional artificial feeding has allowed provide an adequate amount of milk to calves in the first weeks of life and restrict at weaning, stimulating growth and favoring better adaptation to diets with forage and concentrates. The aim was to evaluate the ruminal characteristics and gastrointestinal microbiota of dairy calves in different feeding systems. Holstein calves were evaluated in randomly assigned to feed milk conventional that consisted of four liters of milk daily for 60 days or fractionated systems, six liters of 6° to 25°, four liters of 26o to 45o and two liters of 46o to 60o days old. At an end of the experimental period, the animals were euthanized, and approximately 15 mL of rumen, abomasum and intestine contents were collected for physicochemical and microbiological analysis to detection of fungi, protozoa and Enterobacteriaceae. Feeding systems did not influence characteristics of color, odor and viscosity of rumen fluid. The analysis of pH and quantification of Enterobacteriaceae, mycelial fungi and yeast showed no significant difference between treatments at the different sites. The Escherichia and Proteus genus were the most frequent for the gastrointestinal tract for both feed system. However, E. coli was significantly more frequent among isolates from the rumen fluid of calves in conventional feeding, which could suggest an imbalance in this ecosystem. Thus the artificial fed milk systems influenced the genus profile of Enterobacteriacea in the rumen and small intestine of calves.

O queijo cabacinha, originário do Vale do Jequitinhonha, é obtido por aquecimento do coágulo, de forma semelhante à mussarela, porém a matéria prima não é pasteurizada e o produto final é armazenado sem embalagem e em temperatura ambiente. Esse derivado lácteo pode contribuir para a elevação da renda da população local, principalmente dos moradores das margens das rodovias, em função do fluxo de veículos e de possíveis compradores. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se conhecer as condições físicas e sanitárias dos locais de comércio do queijo artesanal cabacinha em três municípios do Vale do Jequitinhonha, MG, Brasil. Para tanto, inicialmente, foi realizado levantamento do número de locais de venda do derivado lácteo nos municípios de Medina, Cachoeira de Pajeú e Pedra Azul, localizados nas imediações das rodovias BR 251 e BR 116 no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Posteriormente, foi elaborada planilha para averiguações da estrutura física e condições sanitárias dos locais, preenchida em nova visitação in loco. Pode-se observar que a maioria dos pontos comerciais não possuía as condições adequadas, como ausência de paredes de alvenaria, de água canalizada e de sanitários ou pias. Era comum também a presença de possíveis vetores de contaminação nas imediações dos locais de venda do produto lácteo, como cães e insetos. Verificou-se que a maior parte dos queijos era exposta pendurada aos pares em barbantes e sem embalagem. O estudo demonstra a precariedade da estrutura física e das condições higiênico-sanitárias nos locais de comércio do queijo cabacinha. Por tratar-se de produto artesanal proveniente da agricultura familiar, que gera renda e emprego no campo, merecia mais atenção dos órgãos competentes estaduais e municipais. Cheese type cabacinha from Vale do Jequitinhonha is obtained by curd heating in a similar process made to Mozzarella, but the raw milk is unpasteurized and the final product is stored unpackaged and at room temperature. This milk derivative may contribute to the increase the income of the local population, especially the residents of the edges of roads, due to the flow of vehicles and possible buyers. The purpose of this work was to identify the physical and sanitary conditions of cheese type cabacinha market places present in three municipalities of the Vale do Jequitinhonha, MG, Brazil. Previously the investigation was detected the number of marketplaces that sell these cheese in the Medina, Cachoeira de Pajeú and Pedra Azul, municipalities of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, located on the surrounding area of the highways BR 251 and BR 116. Afterward was developed a physical and sanitary checklist and it were filled in loco. It was observed that most market places were not provided of masonry walls, piped water or toilet and sink. It is also common to the presence of possible contamination vectors in surroundings, such as dogs and insects. It is verified that most of these cheese is exposed in pairs held by string and unpackaged. This study demonstrated the precariousness of the physical structures and consequently the lack of adequate sanitary conditions in the cheese type cabacinha market places. Because it is an artisanal product from family farming, which generates income and employment in the field deserve more attention of competent state and municipal authorities.

Objetivou-se com essa revisão de literatura discutir variações individuais, ambientais e de treinamento nos parâmetros hematológicos equídeos. Espécie, raça, idade, sexo e estádio fisiológico, fotoperíodo e época do ano, nutrição e estacionalidade na produção forrageira, exercício e treinamento podem in-terferir em variáveis sanguíneas. O perfil hematológico e bioquímico sanguíneo pode auxiliar a avaliar zootecnicamente equídeos, inclusive na seleção de animais mais tolerantes ao esforço. A ausência de valores de referência para as condições brasileiras pode dificultar a interpretação das análises. O condicionamento físico possui reflexos diretos no desempenho esportivo, nas células e outros compo-nentes do sangue de equinos. Portanto, análises sanguíneas devem ser realizadas em animais atletas, para auxiliar no monitoramento do treinamento.Palavras-chave: Equus asinus. Equus caballus. Hemograma. Bioquímica sérica. This literature review aimed to discuss individual variations, environmental influences and training inter-ference in the equidae hematological parameters. Species, breed, age, sex and physiological phases, photoperiod and year season, nutrition and seasonality in forage production, exercise and training may influence hematological parameters. The hematological and biochemical profile may help to evaluate equidae zootechnically, including the selection of animals more tolerant to the effort. The absence of ref-erence values for brazilian conditions can hinder the interpretation of results. The physical conditioning of equine species has a direct effect on sports performance, cells and other blood components. There-fore hematological analysis should be performed in athlete animals.Therefore hematological analysis should be performed in athlete animals, to help the monitoring of training. Keywords: Equus asinus. Equus caballus. Haemogram. Serum biochemistry.

CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Outra Agência O aleitamento artificial fracionado tem permitido fornecer quantidade adequada de leite aos bezerros nas primeiras semanas de vida e restringir na desmama, estimulando o melhor crescimento e adaptação a dietas com volumosos e concentrados. Objetivou-se avaliar as características ruminais e a microbiota gastrointestinal de bezerros leiteiros em diferentes sistemas de aleitamento. Foram utilizados 12 bezerros Holandeses, distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois tratamentos. No aleitamento convencional, foram fornecidos quatro litros de leite diários; no fracionado, seis litros do 6° ao 25° dia, quatro litros do 26° ao 45° e dois litros por dia do 46° ao 60° dia. Ao final do período experimental, os animais foram eutanasiados e aproximadamente 15 mL dos conteúdos do rúmen, abomaso e intestino foram coletados para análises físicas, químicas e microbiológicas para detecção de Enterobacteriaceae, fungos e protozoários. Os sistemas de aleitamento não influenciaram nas características de cor, odor e viscosidade do líquido ruminal. O pH e a quantificação de protozoários, Enterobacteriaceae, fungos micelianos e leveduriformes não apresentaram diferença significativa entre os tratamentos, nos diferentes sítios avaliados. Os gêneros Escherichia e Proteus foram os mais frequentes entre as amostras dos conteúdos avaliados, para ambos os sistemas de aleitamento. Entretanto, E. coli foi significativamente mais frequente entre os isolados provenientes do fluido ruminal de bezerros em aleitamento convencional, o que poderia sugerir um desequilíbrio nesse ecossistema. Dessa forma constatou-se que os sistemas de aleitamentos influenciaram o perfil de gêneros de Enterobacteriaceae no rúmen e intestinos dos bezerros The fractional artificial feeding has allowed provide an adequate amount of milk to calves in the first weeks of life and restrict at weaning, stimulating growth and favoring better adaptation to diets with forage and concentrates. The aim was to evaluate the ruminal characteristics and gastrointestinal microbiota of dairy calves in different feeding systems. Holstein calves were evaluated in randomly assigned to feed milk conventional that consisted of four liters of milk daily for 60 days or fractionated systems, six liters of 6° to 25°, four liters of 26º to 45º and two liters of 46º to 60º days old. At an end of the experimental period, the animals were euthanized, and approximately 15 mL of rumen, abomasum and intestine contents were collected for physicochemical and microbiological analysis to detection of fungi, protozoa and Enterobacteriaceae. Feeding systems did not influence characteristics of color, odor and viscosity of rumen fluid. The analysis of pH and quantification of Enterobacteriaceae, mycelial fungi and yeast showed no significant difference between treatments at the different sites. The Escherichia and Proteus genus were the most frequent for the gastrointestinal tract for both feed system. However, E. coli was significantly more frequent among isolates from the rumen fluid of calves in conventional feeding, which could suggest an imbalance in this ecosystem. Thus the artificial fed milk systems influenced the genus profile of Enterobacteriacea in the rumen and small intestine of calves.

CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais Outra Agência Blood and parasitological parameters of sheep experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus and treated with “mushroom of the sun” (Agaricus blazei) were assessed. Lambs infected with the nematode were divided into three groups: treated with basidiocarp powder from the fungus, wormed with trichlorfon, and a control group that did not receive anthelmintic. Split-plot design analysis was performed where the treatments were defined as plots and four periods of collection were defined as subplots. Interaction between the treatments and the collection periods for the fecal egg counts per gram of feces (FEC) was observed. Treatment with “mushroom of the sun” showed anthelmintic efficacies ranging from 28.6 to 54.2%. Similar performances to weight gain were observed among the groups. A significant interaction between treatments and evaluation periods was observed for erythrocyte counts, hematocrit value, and serum concentrations of albumin and urea. The values of the mean corpuscular volume, erythrocyte distribution width, and leukocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, and eosinophil counts, as well as the mean platelet volume, varied among the collection days. The administration of “mushroom of the sun” significantly reduced the FEC, did not influence on the erythrocyte count and hematocrit value, which remained within normal limits. However it increased the serum concentrations of albumin. Avaliou-se os parâmetros sanguíneos e parasitológicos de ovinos infectados experimentalmente com Haemonchus contortus e tratados com “cogumelo do sol” (Agaricus blazei). Cordeiros infectados com o nematódeo foram distribuídos em três grupos: tratados com pó do basidiocarpo do fungo, vermifugados com triclorfon e grupo controle, que não recebeu anti-helmíntico. Utilizou-se delineamento em parcelas subdivididas, sendo os tratamentos as parcelas e quatro períodos de coletas, as subparcelas. Verificouse interação dos tratamentos e dos períodos de coleta para o número de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG). O tratamento com “cogumelo do sol” apresentou eficácia anti-helmíntica variando de 28,6% a 54,2%, entretanto o desempenho foi semelhante entre os grupos. Verificou-se interação significativa dos tratamentos e os períodos avaliados para as contagens de eritrócitos, o valor do hematócrito e as concentrações séricas de albumina e ureia. Os valores do volume corpuscular médio, da amplitude de distribuição de eritrócitos, as contagens de leucócitos, neutrófilos, linfócitos, monócitos e eosinófilos, bem como o volume plaquetário médio variaram entre os dias de coleta. A administração do “cogumelo do sol” reduziu o OPG, não influenciou a contagem de eritrócitos e o valor do hematócrito, que estiveram dentro dos limites da normalidade, e aumentou significativamente as concentrações séricas de albumina.

FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Outra Agência Objetivou-se avaliar o uso de antimicrobianos em rebanhos bovinos do Norte de Minas Gerais. Em 15 propriedades de Icaraí de Minas (n=5), Juramento (n=5) e Montes Claros (n=5) aplicou-se questionário semi-estruturado abordando doenças tratadas, identificação da mastite, aquisição e acompanhamento da bula do produto e o destino do leite com resíduos de medicamento. Os antibióticos foram mais utilizados contra a mastite e o California Mastitis Test foi a técnica mais usada em Icaraí de Minas. Para comprar antimicrobianos dez entrevistados consultaram o veterinário; 40%, o balconista; 13%, o vizinho e 7% usaram por experiência própria. A maioria relatou acompanhar a bula e alguns fornecem o leite com resíduos aos animais. Os entrevistados acreditam que o leite com antibióticos faz mal à saúde, porém desconhecem a razão. Conclui-se ser necessário capacitar os produtores para o uso racional de antibióticos. Antimicrobials are widely recommended for treatment or prevention of diseases in dairy herds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of antibiotics in cattle herds in Northern of Minas Gerais. Thus, a structured questionnaire addressing diseases treated, identification of mastitis, acquisition and monitor-ing of the product package leaflet and the destination of milk with residue of medication was appliedin15 properties of Icaraí de Minas (n=5), Juramento (n=5) and Montes Claros (n=5). Antibiotics were mostly applied against mastitis, and California Mastitis Test was the most used technique in Icaraí de Minas. All producers reported presence of clots in milk, which is a clinical symptom of the disease.Tamis test was used by three (60%) in Icaraí de Minas, one (20%) in Juramento and two (40%) in Montes Claros. In or-der to buy antimicrobials, interviewed people declared they consulted a veterinarian (40%), a salesclerk (40%), a neighbor (13.33%) or their own experience (6.66%). The majority of people reported to follow leaflet directions and some of them revealed to provide milk with residual antimicrobials to animals. The respondents understand the risks of milk with antibiotics to human health, although they do not know the reason. In conclusion, it is crucial training the producers concerning the rational use of antibiotics.

CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Outra Agência Background: Caryocar brasiliense Cambess (Caryocaraceae) is an arboreal plant native of Brasilian Cerrado and its fruit is an important source of food and income for the human population of this region. In addition to using as food, different parts of this tree have great medicinal potential as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antihelmintic. However, the active metabolites those are likely to confer these pharmacological properties healing may also be toxic dependent upon the dose and route of administration. In this quest, the aim of this study was to assess the acute toxicity of aqueous extracts of fruit peels and leaves of C. brasiliense in mice of both genders. Materials, Methods & Results: The aqueous extracts were obtained by decoction, diluted in water and filtered through membrane. The toxicity of extract of fruit peels (62.5 at 500 mg/kg of body weight (BW) and leaf extract (18.75 mg/kg bw) were evaluated in males and females mice (Mus musculus) Swiss by intraperitoneal route. For 2 control groups were administered injection water. The clinical signs and deaths were recorded up to 14 days after administration. The lethal doses for 10 (LD10) or 50 (LD50) % of population were estimated with Probit regression analysis. The Chi-square test was used to analyze differences of mortality frequencies between males and females. The groups treated with the two lower doses of both extracts completely abolished the clinical alteration between two and four hours after inoculation. The comportment of control group’s animals was normalized immediately after administration of injection water. The higher dose administered in both experiments were lethal for all animals, but the doses 250 mg/kg BW of fruit peels extract and 150 mg/kg of BW of leaves extract caused mortality of 100% just in males. However, in both experiments there were no significant differences between the mortality frequency for groups of male and female, as well the comportment of these animals when these doses were administered. Dose-dependent response was observed to mortality. The LD10 corresponded to 89.6 mg/kg BW and LD50 was 149.8 mg/kg BW for fruit peel extract. For the leaf extract , LD10 and LD50 were 33.35 and 67.01 mg/kg BW, respectively. Discussion: Aqueous extracts of the fruit peels and leaves of C. brasiliense were classified as very toxic since the LD50 ranged from 50 to 500 mg / kg BW. For both extracts, similar behavioral changes were observed. Among the secondary metabolites present in fruit peel and leaves, saponins and tannins can promote nervous symptoms. Although there are no records in the literature about animals and human orally intoxicated with any part of C. brasiliense, the development of specific studies to determine its toxicity is relevant, considering the social and ecological importance of this plant.

Caryocar brasiliense (popular name pequi) is widely consumed by the population of Brazilian Savannah. This fruit has a high concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids that can influence positively the lipid profile. In addition, pequi also has an important concentration of saturated fatty acids which, in turn, is associated with atherosclerosis risk. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a pequi-supplemented diet on blood lipid and glucose levels and hepatic histology. Female Albino swiss mice were divided into three groups and fed a standard chow diet (control group), chow diet supplemented with 33% pequi nut (nut group), and chow diet supplemented with 33% pequi pulp (pulp group). After 6 weeks, following an overnight fast, blood and liver were collected for posterior analyses. Serum total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were significantly higher in mice fed pequi-rich diets compared to the control group. Nevertheless, there was no modification in blood triglycerides, atherogenic fraction, and glucose levels. In addition, there was development of liver microvesicular steatosis related to pequi intake. In conclusion, the diets supplemented with pequi nut or pulp reduced the atherogenic risk by increasing the anti-atherogenic lipoproteins without changing the pro-atherogenic fraction in mice. O Caryocar brasiliense (popularmente chamado pequi) é amplamente consumido pela população do Cerrado. Este fruto tem alta concentração de ácidos graxos monoinsaturados que podem influenciar positivamente o perfil lipídico. Não obstante, o pequi também possui uma importante concentração de ácidos graxos saturados, que, por sua vez, estão relacionados com o risco de aterosclerose. Este trabalho objetivou estudar o efeito de uma dieta suplementada com pequi sobre os níveis lipídicos e glicêmicos sanguíneos e histologia hepática. Camundongos Albino swiss fêmeas foram divididos em três grupos e alimentados com ração comercial (grupo controle), ração comercial suplementada com 33% de amêndoa de pequi (grupo amêndoa) e ração comercial suplementada com 33% de polpa de pequi (grupo polpa). Após 6 semanas, e jejum overnight, sangue e fígados foram coletados para análises posteriores. O colesterol total e HDL-colesterol séricos foram significativamente maiores nos camundongos alimentados com dietas contendo pequi, quando comparado ao grupo controle. Todavia, não houve modificação nos níveis sanguíneos de triglicérides, fração aterogênica e glicose. Além disso, houve desenvolvimento de esteatose microvesicular no fígado relacionada à ingestão de pequi. Em conclusão, as dietas suplementadas com polpa ou amêndoa de pequi diminuíram o risco aterogênico por aumentar as lipoproteínas antiaterogênicas sem mudar a fração pró-aterogênica nos camundongos.

Nb3Sn is one of the most used superconducting materials for applications in high magnetic fields. The improvement of the critical current densities (Jc) is important, and must be analyzed together with the optimization of the flux pinning acting in the material. For Nb3Sn, it is known that the grain boundaries are the most effective pinning centers. However, the introduction of artificial pinning centers (APCs) with different superconducting properties has been proved to be beneficial for Jc. As these APCs are normally in the nanometric-scale, the conventional heat treatment profiles used for Nb3Sn wires cannot be directly applied, leading to excessive grain growth and/or increase of the APCs cross sections. In this work, the heat treatment profiles for Nb3Sn superconductor wires with Cu(Sn) artificial pinning centers in nanometric-scale were analyzed in an attempt to improve Jc . It is described a methodology to optimize the heat treatment profiles in respect to diffusion, reaction and formation of the superconducting phases. Microstructural, transport and magnetic characterization were performed in an attempt to find the pinning mechanisms acting in the samples. It was concluded that the maximum current densities were found when normal phases (due to the introduction of the APCs) are acting as main pinning centers in the global behavior of the Nb3Sn superconducting wire.

A pitiose equina, causada pelo Pythium insidiosum , pode formar lesoes profundas, de dificil tratamento que, frequentemente, culminam na morte dos animais. O quadro agudo da doenca pode ser confundido com habronemose cutânea ou outras dermatoses em equinos. Neste relato e descrito um quadro fatal de pitiose equina no Norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil, em que o animal foi inicialmente tratado para habronemose. Uma egua Mangalarga Marchador, de alto valor economico e gestante, apresentou uma ferida na regiao inguinal do membro posterior direito. A lesao, com bordas elevadas e consistentes, possuia 20x35 cm de diâmetro, e envolvia vasos sanguineos calibrosos. Apos diagnostico clinico de pitiose, foram instituidas a imunoterapia e a assepsia local com solucao de iodo. Quatro meses apos o inicio dessa terapia, a ferida apresentou melhora clinica, no entanto, o animal emagreceu, abortou e, posteriormente, foi a obito. A unica alteracao visivel a necropsia foi a lesao cutânea com aproximadamente 20 cm de diâmetro, profunda, chegando proxima ao osso femur. Ao ser dissecada, esta revelou a presenca de inumeros “kunkers” mergulhados em exsudato fetido e limitados por uma capsula fibrosa. O exame micologico com KOH e o cultivo de fragmentos desses “kunkers” revelaram a presenca de hifas hialinas espessas, sugestivas do genero Pythium . A ocorrencia de pitiose equina deve ser considerada mesmo em regioes semi-aridas, como o Norte de Minas, e o diagnostico tardio da doenca pode ter comprometido a eficacia da imunoterapia, proporcionando maior contaminacao secundaria e culminando na morte do animal.

Apesar de ser alto o numero de acidentes ofidicos em bovinos, as alteracoes hematologicas e bioquimicas sericas saopouco estudadas, especialmente nas tres primeiras semanas apos o envenenamento. Diante deste contexto, objetivou-senesta pesquisa caracterizar o perfil hematologico e bioquimico serico de bovinos apos a inoculacao experimental do venenode Bothrops alternatus. Cinco novilhas mesticas de peso corporal entre 188 e 278kg e idade de 12 a 18 meses receberamna altura media da face cranial do membro anterior direito, entre as articulacoes umerorradioulnar e do carpo, por viaintramuscular superficial, 0,15mg/kg de veneno de Bothrops alternatus diluido em salina. Coletou-se sangue de todos osanimais antes (tempo zero) e as 3, 8, 24, 48, 72, 96, 168, 240, 405 e 576 horas apos inoculacao do veneno para avaliacaodo hemograma, coagulograma e dosagem de proteina total, albumina, globulinas, ureia, creatinina, creatina fosfotransferase,aspartato aminotransferase e gama glutamiltransferase. O veneno de B. alternatus causou intoxicacao grave nos bovinos,e foi letal para dois animais as 53 horas e 78 horas. As alteracoes hematologicas observadas foram: anemia normociticanormocromica, leucocitose com neutrofilia com desvio para esquerda regenerativo, linfocitose, aumentos dos tempos decoagulacao, de protrombina e de tromboplastina parcial ativada, trombocitopenia e elevacao da ureia e das enzimas CPT eAST.

The effects of bothropic envenomation in 10 crossbred heifers, randomly divided into two groups, that received 0.15mg/kg of body weight of Bothrops alternatus crude or iodinated venom were studied. Behavior; attitude; appetite; defecation; urination; mucous membranes; capillary perfusion time; lymph nodes; respiratory, cardiac and pulse frequencies; rectal temperature and rumination frequency diameter and skin fold of the foreleg on the inoculation site were observed before(zero time) and at 6 and 10h and on the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 8th, 11th, 18th and 25th day after venom inoculation. Two cattle of Bothrops crude venom group, died at 53 and 78h and the surviving animals showed apathy, lethargy, anorexia, pain indicative attitudes, melena, hemorrhagic spots and suffusions on mucous membranes, increased capillary perfusion time, enlarged regional lymph nodes, increased respiratory and cardiac frequencies, decreased peripheric arterial pulse frequency, elevated rectal temperature and decreased of ruminal movements. Bleeding, necrotic point and increase (P< 0.05) diameter and skin fold of the foreleg were identified on the inoculated site, confirming local edema. All the animals were evaluated for Bothrops alternatus venom specific IgG on the 17th, 24th, 31st, 45th, 60thand 180th day. Only the animals receiving crude venom produced IgG specific until the 45th day. The animals inoculated with iodinated venom showed general alterations and minor local effects and did not produce specific IgG, indicating that the iodination decreased both toxicity and immunogenicity response.

CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Outra Agência Anthelminthic resistant populations of Haemonchus contortus are a major problem in sheep rearing, but plant extracts may offer viable alternative treatments. In our preliminary studies, Piptadenia viridiflora was frequently selected by sheep grazing in the Cerrado. The present research evaluated its in vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity. The HPLC chromatograms of P. viridiflora aqueous extract (AE) and ethanolic extract (EE) showed the presence of flavonoids. The total condensed tannin (proanthocyanidin) was 0.2 and 1.01% in AE and EE, respectively. In an egg hatching inhibition (EHI) test, the LC90 of AE was 2.4 mg/mL, and, of EE, was 2.1 mg/mL. After tannin extraction, higher EHI and lower LC90 were observed. In a larval development inhibition test, the LC90 of AE was 13.66 mg/g of fecal culture. The highest dose of AE administered to mice (203.0 mg/kg bw) was well tolerated, suggesting low toxicity. In vivo, AE was orally administered to lambs at 283 mg/kg bw, and, at weeks one, two, and three post-treatment, the mean fecal egg count (FEC) was significantly lower than in untreated lambs (P < 0.05). Blood parameters were normal and similar in untreated and treated sheep. For all lamb groups, the mean total serum protein was significantly higher at week two post-treatment than at other evaluated periods (P < 0.05). Piptadenia viridiflora extracts had low condensed tannin content and exhibited high anthelminthic efficacy in vitro and significantly reduced FEC. Tannins were not shown to be the principal components affecting EHI, hence it is necessary to isolate and characterize the principal active P. viridiflora compounds, and to assess their possible synergism.

Hemogram and serum biochemistry (aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma glutamiltransferase, total protein, urea, creatinine, calcium and phosphorus) were performed weekly in five crossbreed bovine after consumption of a diet containing citrus pulp pellets (40%), for 43 days. Percutaneous hepatic biopsy and histologic evaluation were performed in each animal before and after consumption of the citrus pulp diet. Hemogram, the enzymes aspartate aminotransferase and gamma glutamiltransferase, urea and creatinine had normal levels at the end of the experiment. No histologic lesions were observed in liver samples before or after citrus pulp consumption. However, there was an increase of serum phosphorus and reduction of serum calcium (p

It was investigated the efficiency of two extracts of plants and one fraction of their properties against the local effects of bothropic envenomation. Bothrops alternatus venom (1.25µg) diluted in 100µl of sterile saline solution was inoculated (intradermally) into the shaved dorsal back skin of 30 New Zealand rabbits. The animals were divided in six groups receiving the following treatments: group I: subcutaneous application of Curcuma longa extract (1.0ml); group II: topic treatment of Curcuma longa hydroalcoholic extract (1.0ml); group III: topic application of ar-turmerone in vaseline (1.0g); group IV: topic application of Curcuma longa methanolic extract (1.0ml); group V: topic application of Calendula officinalis ointment (1.0g); group VI: topic application of saline (1.0ml). These treatments were done at 30 minutes, and at 2, 4, 24 and 72 hours after venom inoculation. Intensity of local edema, hemorrhagic halo and necrosis were evaluated until 168h after that. Additionally, seven days after the Bothrops venom inoculation, blood was collected from heart with and without EDTA (10%) for hemogram and biochemical parameters (total protein, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and fibrinogen) and all the animals were anesthetized, sacrificed by ether inhalation and submitted to necropsy. Fragments of tissues were taken for histopathological evaluation. The most efficient treatment for inhibition of edema, necrosis and local hemorrhage after Bothrops alternatus venom was the topic application of ar-turmerone.

Pesticides, aflatoxins, and nutritional analyses of commercial citrus pulp pellets in Brazil were performed in samples from São Paulo State. They were stored during 86 days and were processed for detection of toxic agents. Residual pesticides (organochlorinated, organophosphorus, pyrethoids, carbamates, chloroalquil tio fungicides, triazols, and the miscellaneous compound propargit) and aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1 and G2) were assayed at 0, 43 and 86 days of storage. It was not detected residual pesticide and aflatoxins in any sample. The analysis indicated reduced levels of phosphorous and high values of calcium. Assessment of micro minerals indicated the presence of aluminum, barium, titanium, cooper, manganese, thorium, vanadium, zinc, lanthanum, samarium, cobalt, antimony, arsenic, and scandium.

Pesticidas são utilizados para causar intoxicação intencional em animais domésticos, mas intoxicações acidentais podem ocorrer. Diversos fatores interferem na toxicidade dos pesticidas e os sinais clínicos das intoxicações são variáveis, dependendo do composto envolvido. A maioria das intoxicações é grave e, rapidamente, deve ser dado suporte para manutenção das funções vitais, além do tratamento sintomático, para então proceder-se a pesquisa laboratorial do tóxico. Na maior parte dos casos o prognóstico é desfavorável em razão da superdosagem dos agentes tóxicos, comum nos envenenamentos intencionais, da gravidade do quadro clinico, da ausência de antídotos e do tempo decorrido entre a intoxicação e o atendimento clínico. Pela relevância das intoxicações na clínica de pequenos animais, este trabalho teve como objetivo a descrição da toxicologia dos compostos: amitraz, estricnina, fluoracetado de sódio e fluoracetarnida, rodenticidas anticoagulantes e avermectinas em cães e gatos.

As intoxicações provocadas por pesticidas representam grande parte das emergências atendidas na Clínica Médica Veterinária. Devido a importância destas toxicoses a presente revisão de literatura teve como objetivo abordar a toxicologia dos pesticidas, incluídos nos grupos organoclorados, organofosforados, carbamatos e piretróides, relacionados a intoxicações de cães e gatos no Brasil, pois estes compostos são freqüentemente incriminados pelo envenenamento intencional ou acidental de animais domésticos.

Avaliou-se o tamanho absoluto e relativo dos órgãos internos de bezerros Holandeses aleitados com leite, silagem de leite de transição diluída em água ou misturada em leite. Foram utilizados 18 animais, machos, com 60 dias de idade e peso corporal médio de 70,3kg (±11,8kg). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, com três tratamentos e seis repetições. Os animais foram abatidos aos dois meses de idade, sendo previamente submetidos a jejum alimentar de 16 horas. O aleitamento modificou os pesos dos órgãos internos e da gordura omental dos animais, exceto para rins e gordura mesentérica, e não alterou o consumo de alimentos sólidos. A silagem de leite de transição diluída em água comprometeu o desempenho dos bezerros, refletindo no peso dos órgãos internos e de gordura omental, e apresentou pesos absolutos para fígado, baço e gordura omental de 1.072, 186 e 133g, respectivamente. A silagem misturada em leite proporcionou resultados mais semelhantes ao fornecimento exclusivo de leite, demonstrando-se como opção para o aleitamento de bovinos jovens. This study aimed to evaluate the absolute and relative size of internal organs of Holstein calves which suckled milk, silage transition milk diluted with water or mixed in milk. We used 18 male animals, 60 days old with a mean body weight of 70.3kg (± 11.8kg). The experimental design was completely randomized with three treatments and six replications. The animals were slaughtered at two months, and previously fasted for 16 hours. Breast feeding changed the weights of internal organs and omental fat of animals, except for kidney and mesenteric fat, and did not affect food intake solids. The silage transition milk diluted in water compromised the performance of the calves, reflecting on the weight of internal organs and omental fat, and showed absolute weights for liver, spleen and omental fat of 1072, 186 and 133g, respectively. The silage mixed with milk yielded results more similar to the exclusive milk supply, being an option for suckling calves.

O presente trabalho relata um surto de intoxicação pela aflatoxina B1 em 150 bovinos machos mestiços, provenientes de um rebanho de 1774 animais, em sistema de confinamento, ingerindo polpa cítrica peletizada comercial, 5kg por animal. Todos os animais foram avaliados clinicamente, e os 18 animais que morreram foram necropsiados e submetidos a exames histopatológicos. A intoxicação foi confirmada pela presença da aflatoxina B1 (5ppm) em amostras da polpa cítrica peletizada utilizada na propriedade e em fragmentos de fígado dos animais que morreram.