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Background Genome-wide association studies have identified novel genes related to coronary artery disease (CAD). These studies have been replicated in distinct ethnic populations, returning inconsistent results. Our work aimed to study the frequency of C and T alleles of GLUL polymorphism genetic variant rs10911021 among Egyptians with coronary artery disease in comparison to apparently healthy subjects. Our study included 420 patients with CAD (180 CAD without T2DM, 240 CAD with T2DM patients) and 200 control subjects. All subjects were genotyped for rs10911021 by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results For rs10911021, the frequency of (C/T + T/T) genotypes was significantly higher in CAD patients with and without T2DM than in controls (55(45 + 10) % vs. 22(19 + 3) %; p

Objective: Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) gene is one of the possible genes linking diabetes mellitus (DM) with coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of this study is to clarify whether PPAR-γ Pro12Ala polymorphism is associated with the development of CAD in type 2 diabetic patients and to evaluate PPAR-γ Pro12Ala polymorphism genetic distribution in type 2 DM (T2DM) Egyptian subjects. Methods: PPAR-γ Pro12Ala polymorphism was determined by Real-Time PCR in serum of 405 subjects classified into 4 groups; T2DM patients (n = 105), T2DM with CAD (n = 100), CAD patients (n = 100) and healthy controls (n = 100). Results: The PPAR-γ Pro12Ala polymorphism was associated significantly with T2DM with CAD (group2) (OR = 3, 95% CI = (1.5–6); p = 0.001). In this study, T2DM with CAD complications carrying the PPAR-γ Pro12Ala polymorphism had higher BMI than those without the PPAR-γ Pro12Ala polymorphism (p

The prevalence and magnitude of childhood and adult obesity and diabetes are increasing dramatically. FOXO 1a and FOXO 3a will be evaluated in this study, in an effort to identify genetic polymorphisms in potential candidate genes that may be associated with body mass index (BMI), and metabolic syndrome (MS). Also to assess whether there is a relation between insulin sensitivity, and genotype, we will test the relation between fasting insulin, glucose, insulin resistance, insulin secretion and genotype. A total number of 248 presenting normal, overweight and obese individuals were recruited; 100 children and 148 adults of both sexes. They were divided by body mass index as follows, normal, overweight and obese. Lipid profile, fasting glucose and insulin HOMA-IR and HOMA-β index and RT-PCR for FOXO 1a and FOXO 3a were performed. An association was found among the studied group (children and adults) as regards foxo3a gene polymorphism and HOMA IR, HOMA B index and T-cholesterol ( P = 0.022, 0.011 and 0.028, respectively), while there was only an association between LDL-C and foxo1a gene polymorphism among the studied group of children and adults ( P = 0.023). In this study we demonstrated that FOXO3a mutant is correlated with HOMA-IR (marker of insulin resistance), HOMA-B index (marker of insulin secretion) and total cholesterol while as regards FOXO1a there was only an association between LDL cholesterol and mutant type of FOXO1a.

Introduction: The ASPP family (apoptosis – stimulating proteins of p53) comprises three proteins, ASPP1, ASPP2 and iASPP, that interact with and modulate the behavior of p53. ASPP1 and ASPP2 enhance the ability of p53 to induce apoptosis by causing p53 to up regulate the expression of proapoptotic genes specifically rather than genes involved in cell cycle arrest. Inhibitory member of the ASPP family (iASPP) acts as inhibitor for the p53, it was originally identified as a nuclear protein that interacts with and inhibits NFkb p56 RelA and inhibits p53-mediated cell death as well. Material and methods: To examine the role of iASPP in acute leukemic patients, we analyzed iASPP mRNA expression in acute leukemia by semi quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: The results showed that the median level of iASPP in acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia patients was significantly higher than those in cells from normal donors (p=0.04). The expression of iASPP in ALL and AML patients was not associated with age, gender, hemoglobin, platelets; blasts count in bone marrow, treatment outcome but was associated with blasts count in peripheral blood and total leucocytic count in AL patients. Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest that iASPP may play a role in leukemogenesis and/or disease progression of acute leukemia.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to explore the frequency of red cell alloantibodies and autoantibodies among β-thalassaemia patients who received regular transfusions. Material and methods: This study included 501 patients with β-thalassaemia. This work planned to study the presence of alloantibodies and autoantibodies to different red cell antigens in multitransfused thalassaemia patients using the ID. Card micro typing system. Results: Of a total of 501 β-thalassaemia patients included in the study, 11.3% of patients developed alloantibodies; 9.7% of these alloantibodies were clinically significant. The most common alloantibodies were anti-K, anti-E and anti-C. The rate of incidence of these alloantibodies was 3.9%, 3.3% and 1.7% respectively. Autoantibodies occurred in 28.8% of the patients and 22.1% of these antibodies were typed IgG. There was a significant association between splenectomy with alloimmunization and autoantibody formation (p = 0.03, p = 0.001 respectively). There was no significant association between alloantibody, autoantibody formation and number of transfused packed red cells. Conclusions: Alloimmunization to minor erythrocyte antigens and erythrocyte autoantibodies of variable clinical significance are frequent findings in transfused β-thalassaemia patients. There is an association between absence of the spleen and the presence of alloimmunization and autoantibody formation.

AimThe aim of the study was to investigate the Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression in obese children and to clarify its role with respect to left ventricular (LV) function.Patients and methodsThis study included 69 obese children and adolescents, 40 lean healthy controls. Children were considered obese according to body mass index (BMI) percentile for age and sex curves of growth for our population. Each subject’s fat distribution was assessed by measuring waist hip ratio (WHR). Obese children with peripheral fat distribution were excluded. Exclusion criteria included hypertension, endocrine, cardiovascular, renal, insulin dependent or independent diabetes mellitus and smoking habits. Laboratory investigations included measurement of plasma PAI-1 antigen. Determination of total serum cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein, triglycerides, blood glucose and fasting serum insulin. Echocardiography study was obtained by two dimensionally guided M mode.ResultsBMI and WHR were significantly higher in obese compared to lean children (P0.05). Plasma PAI-1 were significantly higher in obese compared to controls (P=0.03). A significant direct correlation was revealed between PAI-1 in comparison to WHR, fasting insulin and LVM/H. Plasma PAI -1 and WHR were independent predictors of LVM/H.ConclusionsObese children with central fat distribution showed an increase in plasma PAI-1 antigen. Also PAI-1 contributes directly to the complication of obesity including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.