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Aims: The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine the pooled incidence of postoperative urinary retention (POUR) following total hip and knee arthroplasty (total joint replacement (TJR)) and to evaluate the risk factors and complications associated with POUR. Methods: Two authors conducted searches in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus on TJR and urinary retention. Eligible studies that reported the rate of POUR and associated risk factors for patients undergoing TJR were included in the analysis. Patient demographic details, medical comorbidities, and postoperative outcomes and complications were separately analyzed. The effect estimates for continuous and categorical data were reported as standardized mean differences (SMDs) and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs, respectively. Results: A total of 31 studies were included in the systematic review. Of these, 29 studies entered our meta-analysis, which included 3,273 patients diagnosed with POUR and 11,583 patients without POUR following TJR. The pooled incidence of POUR was 28.06%. Demographic risk factors included male sex (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.26 to 2.59), increasing age (SMD 0.16, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.27), and American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 3 to 4 (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.77). Patients with a history of benign prostatic hyperplasia (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.41 to 2.83) and retention (OR 3.10, 95% CI 1.58 to 6.06) were more likely to develop POUR. Surgery-related risk factors included spinal anaesthesia (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.74) and postoperative epidural analgesia (OR 2.82, 95% CI 1.65 to 4.82). Total hip arthroplasty was associated with higher odds of POUR compared to total knee arthroplasty (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.20). Postoperatively, POUR was associated with a longer length of stay (SMD 0.21, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.39). Conclusion: Our meta-analysis demonstrated key risk variables for POUR following TJR, which may assist in identifying at-risk patients and direct patient-centered pathways to minimize this postoperative complication. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(7):601–611.

Objectives: There is lack of in-depth knowledge of how immigrants who originate from countries where female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) historically is practiced, perceive the practice after migrating to Europe. The aim of this study was to explore the attitude towards FGM/C among immigrants and descendants and the health consequences of living with FGM/C. Study design: Qualitative methods were used in the form of semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions. Female and male immigrants and descendants in Denmark from Somalia or Kurdish of Iraq/Iran participated in the study. The interview/focus group discussion guides were developed by the European Institute for Gender Equality. Purposely sampling was used, and participants were recruited by use of snowballing through gatekeepers and women’s societies working within the Somali and Kurdish communities. Results: Sixteen persons participated in the study. No descendants had been cut, but all female immigrants had been cut prior to migrating and did not wish to pass on the practice. FGM/C was perceived as a harmful practice with severe sexual and mental health consequences. Women with Somali origin experienced that the practice was falsely associated with their origin, which led to stigmatisation. Women with Kurdish origin lacked healthcare support when suffering sexual consequences of FGM/C. It was generally perceived that the Danish healthcare system lacked cultural sensitivity. Conclusion: FGM/C is negatively perceived among Somali and Kurdish immigrants and descendants in Denmark and not practiced among these groups. The Danish healthcare system should adopt a more culturally sensitive approach when addressing sexual health among immigrants and descendants. Denmark and other European countries should work towards destigmatising the immigrant communities when it comes to FGM/C. Larger European studies with primary data are needed to generalise the findings of this study.

Abstract Background Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a paranasal sinus inflammatory disease and is divided into two subgroups defined as CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). CRSwNP displays a T helper (Th)2 biased phenotype, and based on sensitivity or tolerance to aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), is further subdivided into Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) and non-AERD groups. Considering the challenge of diagnosis and treatment in patients with CRSwNP, particularly the AERD subtype, and the significance of endotyping in these patients, we examined the immune profile and endotyping based on gene expression analysis in the AERD and the non-AERD groups of patients with CRSwNP. Material and method In this study, 21 patients were enrolled and were categorized into AERD (N = 10) and non-AERD (N = 11) groups based on their sensitivity to aspirin. After the special washing period, nasal polyps were biopsied in both groups, and the infiltration of eosinophils, neutrophils, plasma cells, and lymphocytes was compared between the AERD and the non-AERD groups. Also, gene expression levels of transcription factors including Tbet, GATA3, RoRγt, and FoxP3 and inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)1β, IL1RAP (IL1 receptor accessory protein), IL2, IL4, IL5, IL10, IL13, IL17, TNFα, and IFNγ were investigated by quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Statistical analyses were performed using analytical tests including Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Mann-Whitney, and T-test. A P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The mean ± SD age of the studied groups was 37 ± 8.7 years old (21–50) for the AERD, and 40.4 ± 7.7 years old (31–52) for the non-AERD. LMS/EPOS/SNOT scores and pulmonary function tests showed no difference between the two groups. Serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels were found to be higher in patients with AERD (p = 0.04), however, the peripheral blood counts of eosinophils were comparable in the two groups. In the histopathologic analysis, the AERD group showed higher percentages of eosinophils (p = 0.04), neutrophils (p = 0.04), and plasma cells (p = 0.04) than the non-AERD group. Additionally, the gene expression levels of GATA3 (p = 0.001), IL4 (p = 0.04), IL5 (p = 0.007), and IL17 (p = 0.03) were significantly higher in the AERD than the non-AERD groups. Conclusion Higher gene expression levels of GATA3, IL4, IL5, and IL17 were observed in the AERD group compared with the non-AERD group. These findings point to distinct patterns of inflammation in patients with AERD, with a predominance of Th2 inflammation.

In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have garnered increasing attention for their potential implications in cancer pathogenesis, functioning either as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Notably, angiosarcoma, along with various other cardiovascular tumors such as lipomas, rhabdomyomas, hemangiomas, and myxomas, has shown variations in the expression of specific miRNA subtypes. A substantial body of evidence underscores the pivotal involvement of miRNAs in the genesis of angiosarcoma and certain cardiovascular tumors. This review aims to delve into the current literature on miRNAs and their prospective applications in cardiovascular malignancies, with a specific focus on angiosarcoma. It comprehensively covers diagnostic methods, prognostic evaluations, and potential treatments while providing a recapitulation of angiosarcoma’s risk factors and molecular pathogenesis, with an emphasis on the role of miRNAs. These insights can serve as the groundwork for designing randomized control trials, ultimately facilitating the translation of these findings into clinical applications. Moving forward, it is imperative for studies to thoroughly scrutinize the advantages and disadvantages of miRNAs compared to current diagnostic and prognostic approaches in angiosarcoma and other cardiovascular tumors. Closing these knowledge gaps will be crucial for harnessing the full potential of miRNAs in the realm of angiosarcoma and cardiovascular tumor research.

Abstract A 3‐year‐old castrated male Jack Russell Terrier with a history of cholestatic hepatitis was presented with a non‐painful and non‐pruritic, subcutaneous nodule following vaccine injection. The dog was otherwise healthy. The nodule was surgically removed. Upon gross inspection, a firm, glistening and loculated tissue was seen within the panniculus. Histopathologically, extensive pyogranulomatous panniculitis was diagnosed, composed of variably sized lipocyst surrounded by neutrophils and an outer zone of foamy epithelioid macrophages, neutrophils and occasional Langhans form giant cells. Although histopathologic findings were most compatible with mycobacteriosis, other infectious and sterile conditions were considered differential diagnoses. Gram, acid‐fast and periodic acid Schiff staining were negative. However, PCR analyses for mycobacterial rpoB gene and sequencing revealed infection with Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium. Empirical treatment was avoided through the 3‐week course of histopathological and molecular investigations. Considering that there were no newly formed cutaneous masses, marbofloxacin (2 mg/kg, PO q24h) was administered for 2 weeks, and clarithromycin was avoided due to its potential cholestatic hepatitis adverse effects. Eight months following surgery, there are no new or relapsing cutaneous lesions or disease‐specific complications. This suggests that marbofloxacin monotherapy may be sufficient in immunocompetent dogs with early detection of localized cutaneous mycobacteriosis lacking lymph node or organ involvement.

Background and Objectives Natural preservatives extracted from herbs are important sources for bioactive compounds that can be used in protection of food products. Essential oils are aromatic oily liquids, obtained from plant material like flowers, buds, seeds, leaves, and roots. Unfortunately, most natural compounds are biologically instable, poorly soluble in water and they distribute poorly to target sites. Currently, some novel methods have been introduced in order to improve their stability and their bioavailability, among which is the use of liposomal encapsulation. Microencapsulation reduces reactivity with the environment (water, oxygen, light), decreases the evaporation or the transfer rate to the outside environment, promotes handling ability, masks taste and enhances dilution to achieve a uniform distribution in the final product when used in very small amounts. Essential oils, as natural extracted compounds extracted from plants, are unstable compounds with low water solubility and unable to achieve target cells. Essential oils encapsulation by nanoliposomes is a novel method for increasing their biological activity and protecting them from destructive factors. The aim of this study was production and optimization of nanoliposomes containing Z. teniur essential oil and investigating their antibacterial effects against pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli). Materials and Methods Lipid film hydration method was used to produce nanoliposomes containing Z. teniur essential oil. Soy phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol were the main wall materials and chloroform was used as the mixing solvent . The particle size of nanoliposomes and their zeta-potential were investigated using laser diffraction method. In order to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericidal concentration of Z. teniur essential oil against examined bacteria, serial dilution method was used. Also, antioxidant activity of free and nano-encapsulated essential oil of Z. teniur was determined by DPPH method. Results According to the results, highest encapsulation efficiency achieved by using 80:20 ratio of soy phosphatidylcholine to cholesterol in nanoliposomes’ wall structures. In general, by increasing the ratio of phosphatidylcholine to cholesterol, encapsulation efficiency was improved. Zeta-potential of nanoliposomes was equal to -5.3 mv and mean particle sizes were in the range of 94.7-119.9 nm. Results indicated that essential oil ejection from nanoliposomes has direct relation to the time of storage and after 30 hours, ejection rate will increase considerably. Ejection rate was higher in phosphate buffer pH=7.4 in comparison with phosphate buffer pH=5.4. Minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of free essential oil against Escherichia coli was 100 and 175 (µl/ml) respectively. Although, Minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of nanoliposomes containing Z. teniur essential oil were equal to 75 and 150 (µl/ml) respectively. Also, results shown that , minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of encapsulated Z. teniur essential oil against Staphylococcus aureus were lower in comparison with free form of Z. teniur essential oil. Staphylococcus aureus (as Gram-positive bacteria) was more susceptible than Escherichia coli (as Gram-negative bacteria). Conclusion Encapsulation of Z. teniur essential oil by nanoliposomes led to improve antibacterial effects of essential oil against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Also, investigating of antioxidant activity showed that encapsulated Z. teniur essential oil in nanoliposomes was more effective than free form of Z. teniur essential oil in scavenging of DPPH free radicals. Using nanoliposome encapsulation technology can be an effective way for increasing the efficiency of natural antibacterial compounds and essential oils encapsulated in nanoliposomes are suitable alternatives for synthetic preservatives used in food industry nowadays. The use of liposomes containing Z. teniur essential oil can provide the necessary protection against growth of spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in food products.

Over the past few years, malingered psychosis has had a progressive occurrence since a great deal of attention has been directed to the closures of long-stay psychiatric institutions and care in the community. Therefore, malingered psychosis needs to be identified to conduct precise forensic assessments and prevent miscarriages of justice and misuse of restricted healthcare resources. Although, over the past decades, researchers have introduced a number of workable psychometric strategies and tools for diagnosing true psychosis, it is still sometimes challenging to differentiate between true and malingered psychosis. Hence, identifying reliable and innovative diagnostic alternatives seems crucial. Accordingly, a summary of gathered evidence is provided by the present review for enhancing future evaluation of oropharyngeal microbiome composition as a practical indicator for diagnosing true psychosis in a forensic psychiatric setting. As per the systematic search terms (namely, “diagnostic marker,” “oropharyngeal microbiome,” “forensic psychiatric setting,” “psychosis,” and “oropharyngeal microbiota”), relevant English publications were searched from January 1, 1980, to September 15, 2023, in Scopus, the Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. Finally, eight articles were included in the present review. Also, we adopted the narrative technique so that the material synthesis leads to a cohesive and compelling story. The results revealed that the periodontal disease and saliva microbiome were possibly associated with true psychosis. Thus, since oropharyngeal microbial compositions are highly different among healthy controls and patients with true psychosis, future research can take advantage of saliva to differentiate between fake and true fake psychosis throughout the initial stages of forensic psychiatric assessment. As a substrate of interest, saliva could also be used for characterizing the various stages of psychosis under a forensic psychiatric setting.

Sport-for-Development (SfD) organizations and practitioners aim to positively impact physical and mental health, contribute to the promotion of peace in post-conflict settings, address a range of societal inequalities, as well as improve community cohesion and build social capital. SfD practitioners regularly align outcomes with international development priorities such as the Sustainable Development Goals, and more specific health and development priorities at the regional and national level. The aim of our paper is to critically analyse factors underpinning the integration of Australian-funded Sport--for-Development programs within the national health and development priorities of Tonga, a small Pacific Island nation. We utilised a qualitative research design including 32 interviews and 5 focus groups, local document analysis and direct observation. Factors underpinning integration included the perceived governance strength of sporting stakeholders; alignment throughout program objectives and evaluation outcomes; inter-agency and inter-personal communication; capacity of the local implementation base and the identification of development 'champions'. Without foreign funders addressing these critical factors, SfD risks being confined to fragmented and isolated project-based programming with only the potential for contributing to broader health and development priorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common finding in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. The effect of kidney transplantation on PH is not yet well evaluated. This study aimed to compare pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) before and after kidney transplantation in CKD patients.Methods: This longitudinal study was conducted on 33 CKD patients who were candidates for kidney transplantation in a tertiary hospital in Mashhad, Iran. Pulmonary artery pressure and ejection fraction (EF) were assessed using trans-thoracic echocardiography (TTE). Demographic and clinical findings, including age, gender, and body mass index (BMI), as well as laboratory assessments, including hemoglobin, serum calcium and phosphorus level, and parathyroid hormone, were recorded before transplantation. TTE assessment was repeated one year after transplantation. Results: Mean age of the study patients (17 males and 16 females) was 30.42 ± 9.71 years. The majority of patients (85%) received hemodialysis before transplantation. Compared to before transplantation, PAP significantly decreased (from 33.67 ± 6.78 to 26.06 ± 5.78 mmHg, p

Background: Normoxic polymer gels have been used as a three dimensional (3D) dosimeter in radiation therapy, recently. The sensitivity of these gels is important in dosimetry and their improvement can be also useful.Objective: In this study, different modalities of gel reading were used and the structure of gel changed due to the best improvement of sensitivity. The sensitivities of the new formulation of Methacrylic acid gel (MAGAT) and N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAM) polymer gel dosimeters were studied using two different reading methods of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT).Material and Methods: In this experimental study, in addition to making the NIPAM polymer gel dosimeter, a new formulation of normoxic polymer gel dosimeter, which named MAGAT gel, was investigated. The gels were irradiated with 6 MV in low doses, including1, 1.5, 1.75, 2 and 2.5 Gy. MRI and X-ray CT did the reading of gel dosimeters a day after irradiation using an elevated protocol.Results: The dose sensitivities of 0.92 HGy-1 and 0.47 HGy-1 were obtained for new MAGAT and NIPAM polymer gel dosimeters, respectively, based on the X-ray CT reading modality. The use of MRI reading modality and the dose sensitivities were 0.74 S-1Gy-1 and 0.27 S-1Gy-1 for new MAGAT and NIPAM polymer gel dosimeters, respectively.Conclusion: The new formulation of MAGAT polymer gel with a suitable protocol of gel reading has a better response.

Background and objectivesEncephalitis is a devastating neurologic disorder with high morbidity and mortality. Autoimmune causes are roughly as common as infectious ones. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis (NMDARE), characterized by serum and/or spinal fluid NMDAR antibodies, is the most common form of autoimmune encephalitis (AE). A translational rodent NMDARE model would allow for pathophysiologic studies of AE, leading to advances in the diagnosis and treatment of this debilitating neuropsychiatric disorder. The main objective of this work was to identify optimal active immunization conditions for NMDARE in mice.MethodsFemale C57BL/6J mice aged 8 weeks old were injected subcutaneously with an emulsion of complete Freund’s adjuvant, killed and dessicated Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and a 30 amino acid peptide flanking the NMDAR GluN1 subunit N368/G369 residue targeted by NMDARE patients’ antibodies. Three different induction methods were examined using subcutaneous injection of the peptide emulsion mixture into mice in 1) the ventral surface, 2) the dorsal surface, or 3) the dorsal surface with reimmunization at 4 and 8 weeks (boosted). Mice were bled biweekly and sacrificed at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 14 weeks. Serum and CSF NMDAR antibody titer, mouse behavior, hippocampal cell surface and postsynaptic NMDAR cluster density, and brain immune cell entry and cytokine content were examined.ResultsAll immunized mice produced serum and CSF NMDAR antibodies, which peaked at 6 weeks in the serum and at 6 (ventral and dorsal boosted) or 8 weeks (dorsal unboosted) post-immunization in the CSF, and demonstrated decreased hippocampal NMDAR cluster density by 6 weeks post-immunization. In contrast to dorsally-immunized mice, ventrally-induced mice displayed a translationally-relevant phenotype including memory deficits and depressive behavior, changes in cerebral cytokines, and entry of T-cells into the brain at the 4-week timepoint. A similar phenotype of memory dysfunction and anxiety was seen in dorsally-immunized mice only when they were serially boosted, which also resulted in higher antibody titers.DiscussionOur study revealed induction method-dependent differences in active immunization mouse models of NMDARE disease. A novel ventrally-induced NMDARE model demonstrated characteristics of AE earlier compared to dorsally-induced animals and is likely suitable for most short-term studies. However, boosting and improving the durability of the immune response might be preferred in prolonged longitudinal studies.

Background: One of the new topics in organizational behavior management is dealing with moral-emotional acting and the factors affecting it. The aim of the current research is to identify and rank the antecedents affecting ethical-emotional acting in education. Method: This research is applicable in terms of purpose, which was done with a mixed approach (qualitative and quantitative) with an exploratory design. In the qualitative part, the qualitative content analysis method was used with inductive approach, and in the quantitative part, the descriptive-survey method was used. The participants in the qualitative part were the high-level education managers of Golestan province, and the statistical population in the quantitative part included the education managers of Golestan province. The sampling method in the qualitative part was purposive sampling method (N=20) and in the quantitative part it was stratified random sampling in which 270 people were selected as a statistical sample for investigation. The research data collection tool was a semi-structured interview in the qualitative part and a researcher-made questionnaire in the quantitative part. Data analysis was done in the qualitative part through coding and in the quantitative part through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in SPSS 22 software. Results: The results showed that the antecedents affecting ethical-emotional acting have 2 dimensions; "individual antecedents and organizational antecedents". Individual antecedents have 3 components; "knowledge and information, personality traits and motivation" and organizational antecedents have 4 components; "organizational culture, ethical atmosphere of the organization, organizational structure and leadership and management". Conclusion: According to the results of the research, paying attention to the factors affecting moral-emotional acting will lead to the growth of positive organizational behaviors and the institutionalization of ethics in the organization.

Abstract A proper self‐regenerating capability is lacking in human cardiac tissue which along with the alarming rate of deaths associated with cardiovascular disorders makes tissue engineering critical. Novel approaches are now being investigated in order to speedily overcome the challenges in this path. Tissue engineering has been revolutionized by the advent of nanomaterials, and later by the application of carbon‐based nanomaterials because of their exceptional variable functionality, conductivity, and mechanical properties. Electrically conductive biomaterials used as cell bearers provide the tissue with an appropriate microenvironment for the specific seeded cells as substrates for the sake of protecting cells in biological media against attacking mechanisms. Nevertheless, their advantages and shortcoming in view of cellular behavior, toxicity, and targeted delivery depend on the tissue in which they are implanted or being used as a scaffold. This review seeks to address, summarize, classify, conceptualize, and discuss the use of carbon‐based nanoparticles in cardiac tissue engineering emphasizing their conductivity. We considered electrical conductivity as a key affecting the regeneration of cells. Correspondingly, we reviewed conductive polymers used in tissue engineering and specifically in cardiac repair as key biomaterials with high efficiency. We comprehensively classified and discussed the advantages of using conductive biomaterials in cardiac tissue engineering. An overall review of the open literature on electroactive substrates including carbon‐based biomaterials over the last decade was provided, tabulated, and thoroughly discussed. The most commonly used conductive substrates comprising graphene, graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, and carbon nanofibers in cardiac repair were studied.

Abstract Background Ethnic minority women from non‐Western countries are less likely than the native women to participate in screening programmes for cervical cancer, breast cancer and colorectal cancer. This social inequality can result in loss of possibility for prevention, delayed diagnosis and treatment and, ultimately, lower chance of survival. Developing a tailored intervention might be the solution to reduce social inequalities in cancer screening, and a key feature in intervention research is to consult the target group. Objective To explore ethnic minority women's own ideas and preferences for a cancer screening intervention and identify their attitudes to different strategies. Methods An interview study with five focus group interviews, two group interviews with an interpreter and three individual interviews. Thirty‐seven women from 10 non‐Western countries contributed to the study. The interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim followed by a thematic analysis. Results According to the women, a tailored intervention should focus on knowledge in the form of face‐to‐face teaching. The women further suggested information material in their own language with a simple, positive and concrete communication strategy. They would like to be involved in an awareness strategy and share the knowledge with their network. Conclusion Ethnic minority women were interested in a tailored intervention, and they were keen to contribute with ideas and preferences. The findings emphasized the potential of a tailored intervention with specific suggestions to the content when attempting to reduce inequality in cancer screening participation. Patient or Public Contribution Minority women were involved in the interview study.

Today’s world and its relationships are very complex and variable. This is due to innovation in various academic systems, communications and knowledge-based products. Knowledge-based products are activities in which productivity, resilience and sustainable economy are obtained from the effect of essential knowledge production. The university system is one of the main institutions in determining the quality of information and knowledge-based products. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of the university in achieving a knowledge-based resistance economy. The research method is both qualitative and quantitative. The statistical sample population of faculty members and researchers had an experience of knowledge production during the last three years. The number of samples in the qualitative section was 24 people. In the quantitative part in exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, there were 226 and 156 people, respectively. The method of data collection in the qualitative part of the interview was to categorize the coding and theme process, to extract the items, and in the quantitative part, after validation of 38 items of the researcher-made tool with Cronbach\'s alpha 0.94; In heuristic factor analysis, the appropriate hypotheses of factor analysis, category matrix, common denominator and varimax rotation were used to assign each of the 38 items to 8 factors. According to the findings, 8 dimensions were identified that had a share of about 64%. In the confirmatory factor analysis, the correlation structure confirmed the good fit of the model. These 8 dimensions were; management and institutional system, information and communication technology, efficient resources and facilities, innovation and entrepreneurship in medical sciences, policies and environmental-social effects, structural factors, knowledgebased human resource, registration systems and knowledge-based databases.

Introduction: According to some studies, magnesium in pharmacological concentrations has antithrombotic effects, causing platelet dysfunction in vitro and in vivo. This study was performed with aim to evaluate the effect of magnesium sulfate on blood coagulation status in pregnant women with preeclampsia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in 2013-2014 on 56 pregnant women with mild preeclampsia. Platelet count and magnesium levels, bleeding time (BT), prothrombin time (PT), and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) were measured before and two hours after magnesium sulfate injection. Data were collected and analyze by SPSS software (version 16) and paired t-test and Chi-square test. P

Background: The sterilization cycle is one of the most important parts of infection control. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to assess the quality of steam sterilization and compare the knowledge, attitude, and practice of clinical directors in dental clinics, based on the experimental work in one of the most important and famous dental departments and clinics in the Northeast of Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from June to September 2017 in 84 dental outpatient clinics of Mashhad, Iran. The status of sterilization quality was evaluated using biological (BI) and chemical indicators (CI) and the results of a questionnaire. The participants include the technical manager and operator of the Autoclave, who were included in this study according to the inclusion criteria by stratified cluster sampling. Information on their knowledge, practices, and attitudes were evaluated. Also, BI and CI were used to evaluate the autoclave accuracy. The data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U, Wilcoxon signed-rank, and Fisher’s exact tests using SPSS (Version 19, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: In this study, the results of 69 (82.1%) biological test were negative. Based on the questionnaire results, 64 (76%) clinics used CI, and only 4 (5%) clinics used CI and BI to evaluate the sterilization quality. The mean scores of attitude (P = 0.001), knowledge (P = 0.001), and practice (P < 0.001) of the technical manager in dental clinics were significantly higher than those in outpatient clinics. Also, there was a significant association between the knowledge and practice of the clinics’ technical managers (P < 0.001). Conclusion: According to the results, 93.3% of the clinics that had a positive biological test were outpatient clinics. Also, it was revealed that insufficient knowledge, attitude, and practice lead to imperfect sterilization. Also, the mean score of dentists was higher than that of general practitioners, therefore, in addition to suggesting training programs for managers, it is recommended that employ a dental practitioner as the technical manager of outpatient clinics. In order to control infection in clinics, it is recommended to monitor the sterilization process in clinics according to the instructions of the monitoring units.

Abstract Background Screening programmes for cervical cancer, breast cancer and colorectal cancer have been implemented in many Western countries to reduce cancer incidence and mortality. Ethnic minority women are less likely to participate in cancer screening than the majority population. In worst case this can result in higher incidence rates, later diagnosis and treatment and ultimately inferior survival. In this paper we explored the perceptions about cancer and perceived barriers towards cancer screening participation among ethnic minority women in a deprived area in Denmark. Methods Interview study with ethnic minority women in a deprived area in Denmark. The interviews were transcribed verbatim followed by an inductive content analysis. Results Cancer was perceived as a deadly disease that could not be treated. Cancer screening was perceived as only relevant if the women had symptoms. Knowledge about cancer screening was fragmented, often due to inadequate Danish language skills and there was a general mistrust in the Danish healthcare system due to perceived low medical competences in Danish doctors. There was, however, a very positive and curious attitude regarding information about the Danish cancer screening programmes and a want for more information. Conclusion Ethnic minority women did not have sufficient knowledge about cancer and the purpose of cancer screening. Perceptions about cancer screening were characterised by openness and the study showed positive and curious attitudes towards screening participation. The findings emphasise the importance of culturally adapted interventions for ethnic minority women in attempts to reduce inequality in screening participation.

The phylogenetic relationships among 39 species belonging to 12 sections of Astragalus from Iran were studied on the basis of 29 morphological characters. The cladistics analysis of the morphological data was performed using PAUP* 4.0b10 program. The obtained data were compared with the molecular systematics data obtained from nuclear DNA ITS. In contrast with previous molecular systematic studies, the morphological data placed the sect. Caraganella as paraphyletic clade to the sects. Cenantrum, Nuculiella, and Eremophysa. Our results were similar to those obtained by previous molecular systematic studies which specified sects. Astragalus, Alopecuroidei and Laxiflori as paraphyletic clades. In accordance with data presented in previous molecular systematic studies, the species of the sect. Caprini showed close relationship with those in sects. Pelta and Pendulina. The present analysis, consistent with molecular systematic studies, rejected the monophyly of most sections studied. Therefore, although the circumscription of those sections needs to be carried out on the basis of the results of widely accepted molecular and morphological phylogenetic studies, future studies are needed to clarify and resolve some remaining ambiguities.

Successful organizations strive to attract and retain talent that is essential to their survival by applying appropriate procedures, programs, and strategies. In this regard, successful organizations are those that attract and hire better talented people, in other words, develop talent management. The purpose of this study is to identify the operational attributes of talent management in universities. The research method applied is, descriptive-analytical research method and the statistical population of the present study were faculty members of Golestan University of Medical Sciences and Islamic Azad University of Gorgan unit. A total of 70 questionnaires were distributed among the sample population in 2015. A research questionnaire was used to collect research data, which was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha of more than 70%. Data were processed in SPSS software and related statistical tests such as KMO and bartlet were used for analysis. In the present study, faculty members identified the attributes of talent management including talent acquisition, talent development, individual factors, and talent retention, which includes evaluation criteria to achieve these attributes. Finally, the realization of talent management in universities. Based on the findings of the present study, according to the factors of talent acquisition, talent development, individual factors and retention in talent management and emphasis on the role of some attributes, especially the attribute of salaries and benefits, in maintaining the perspective of university faculty members. Planning and transparent policy-making in this regard seems to be necessary for the success of universities and moving towards the development of the country's programs and the programs of the second step of the revolution.

Empowering human resources is the key to the development and Progress of educational organizations in dealing with the global change. As the teacher is considered as the most important factor in changing education, Farhangiān University as a new one plays a key role in training, preparing and empowering student-teachers, in accordance with Islāmic values and community needs, to enter the field of education in the future perspective. The main goal of this research was to provide a model for professional empowerment of teachers in the future perspective. It was a qualitative research. The research population consisted of upstream documents, professors of the University of Farhangiān in Golestān province, from which the research sample was selected using purposeful sampling method. Data were collected using qualitative content analysis from upstream documents and semi-structured interviews with 26 professors. The results showed that the extracted model has 63 indicators, 19 components and 6 dimensions for empowerment of teachers in the future perspective. The dimensions included curriculum and educational content (4 components), digital literacy (3 components), ethics and religious insight (3 components), improvement of internship (2 components), organizational structure (4 components), and professional teacher skills (3 components) which were identified at the University of Farhangiān. Dimensions, components and indicators of the model for professional empowerment can be the basis for improving the quality of teachers in the future perspective of the University of Farhangiān.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an eight-week aerobic training program and chlorella supplementation on brain antioxidants of diabetic male rats. Materials and Methods: Fifty male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=10): aerobic training (AT), chlorella, training+chlorella, diabetic control and healthy control groups. Training was performed on a treadmill for eight weeks (5 sessions per week). Chlorella groups consumed chlorella powder solution once a day for eight weeks, each time with a dose of 5% of body weight. The rats of all the groups were anesthetized and sacrificed 48 hours following the last training session and after extraction of brain tissue, the levels of catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes were measured. Results: The activity of both enzymes (CAT and SOD) in all diabetic rats was higher than that in the healthy control group and of all three types of intervention led to a decrease in the amount of activity of these enzymes induced by diabetes. Also, the cumulative effect of supplementation and exercise was better than each other alone (P

The data provided in this article are related to the research article entitled “Effect of Super Magnetic Nanoparticles Coated with Various Electric Charges on α-Synuclein Protein Fibrillation Process” (Javdani et al.). This article describes how electrically different charged and concentrated iron oxide nanoparticles synthesized using reverse co-precipitation method affects the fibrillation of albumin protein. Keywords: Nanoparticle, Iron Oxide, Albumin, Fibrillation

Background and objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the factors affecting early onset of puberty in primary school girls. Methods: This study was done on 687 primary school girls living in Kordkuy, Iran. The sample size was calculated using the Krejcie-Morgan sample size determination table. Data were collected using interviews and a researcher-made questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS (version 22) using the Chi-square test, Spearman's correlation coefficient and exploratory factor analysis. Results: There was a strong positive correlation between level of awareness of girls and physical and psychosocial changes. Overweight, type of diet and watching satellite films were associated with the earlier onset of puberty. Conclusions: Based on the results of our study, raising awareness of families about the harmful effects of satellite films and unhealthy eating habits may have a significant role in physical and psychosocial health of girls.

Background & Objectives: Knowledge-based economy is one of the major parts of the resistance economy and is recognized as the essentials of the information technology age. As one of the most important educational units and the custodian of community health, universities of medical sciences play a pivotal role in the success of resistance economy based on the knowledge-based economy. Among the employees of a university, the managers and faculty members play an important role in this regard. This study aimed to explain the dimensions of the resistance economy based on the knowledge-based economy in universities of medical sciences. Materials and Methods: This qualitative research had a purposeful sampling method. Data were collected via library and field research. In the library method, the relevant specialized scientific texts and resources were exploited, whereas in the fieldwork, the researcher interviewed 24 faculty members. The interviews continued until saturation, and after being recorded, they were transcribed in Word software, coded, classified, and encoded by Microsoft OneNote. After that, the interviews were analyzed. It is notable that ethical considerations were observed during the research process. In the field method, the texts and books were evaluated and information searched in scientific and specialized websites. In addition, relevant articles recently published in valid international journals were translated, and primary data with the topic of translation were collected. In the field research and after coordination with faculty members and main elites with a history of article or innovation production or a management background, the opinions of the interviewees were asked about some questions in a semi-structured manner. In addition, three-stage coding, open coding, axial coding, and selective coding were applied in the research. To perform open coding, the main sentences were recorded as codes, followed by classifying the similar codes. In axial coding, the classes were related to their subclasses by comparing the primary classes of open coding and revolving the ones that resembled around the common axis. In selective coding, the integration and refining process of the categories was performed to form and present the model, and the dimensions were extracted and explained. Results: From the perspective of the faculty members and key experts, resistance economy based on knowledge-based economy in universities of medical sciences could be explained in dimensions of information and communications technology, innovation and entrepreneurship in medical sciences, human resources and knowledge-based team, administrative and structural system, resources of equipment and abilities, policy and socio-environmental impacts. Each of these dimensions also included sub-groups and special themes. Conclusion: According to the results of the study, it could be stated that moving towards the knowledge-based economy is one of the requirements of the country on the path to economic development, which involves dimensions such as information and communications technology, innovation and entrepreneurship, specialized knowledge-generating team, strategic planning and policy-making, formulating and ensuring the legal framework and legal system, supplying and developing electronic infrastructures, and paying attention to capabilities and resources of facilities.

The aim of study was to determine the effect of pre-calving body condition score (BCS) and previous milk yield on BCS change, blood metabolites, oxidative stress and milk production in Holstein cows. At 3 wk before expected calving, 100 multiparous cows were grouped according to their BCS and then classified based the previous 305 milk yield. The four experimental groups (25 cows each) were medium BCS and moderate milk yield (MM), medium BCS and high milk yield (MH), high BCS and moderate milk yield (HM), and high BCS and high milk yield (HH). The cows’ BCS was recorded at −21, 0, 21, 50 and 80 d related to parturition time. Daily milk production of cows was recorded after parturition. Blood samples were taken at d −21, −7, +1, +7 and +21 postpartum. The HH cows had lower (p

The aim of this study was to identify the components of talent management for staff at the University of Medical Sciences Bojnourd of view. This research purpose, nature and methodology of the survey. The population of all the administrative staff and non-academic educational formal contract Bojnourd University 94-93 years, the number of 881 persons, and to set an example on the table Morgan 265 randomly selected sampling were Survey, a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by teachers and technology and reliability of the Cronbach's alpha was calculated to be 97/68%.Data using SPSS 19 software and Friedman test were analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis. Factor analysis showed that all five elements to attract, select, develop, operate and maintain involvement with talent and confidence level of 99% significantly associated with talent management. Everyone's attention to his job duties, perseverance and desire to try to do the job and company employee’s internal and external training courses to develop staff were the most important factors. The results of the ranking classes (Friedman test) showed that keeping talents in the first place and then elected second and development are in third place.