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Communication is vital for human existence. In all social structures and cultural practices, communication is very important. The development of culture and society is greatly influenced by how individuals interact, interpret information, and communicate with one another. The last few years have seen significant development in the field of Information and Communication Systems. These systems have changed the way people communicated a few years back. It is not only the communication pattern but these systems have immense capacity to create, capture, compute and distort information just in a matter of seconds. This has posed a big challenge to existing society and culture. As with every change in the way we consume and communicate information, there is a new struggle over meaning, significance, knowledge, and power. Old rules, orders, and beliefs cannot be applied perfectly under the new regime and thus formations of power, significance, and meaning of knowledge are all under threat from these changes. This work is an attempt to study these new means of information and communication systems in terms of their impact on our society and culture. The study is concentrated on understanding how ICT, New media, and Internet are playing their roles in our cultural formation and adaptation of society. The concluding part of this work is to see the role of these technologies in the current scenario and draw conclusions from them.

Tourism finds enormous application of ICT in the development of strategic and operational goals. ICT promises long-term benefits and is a leading force in the tourism industry to enhance development and economic growth. The tourism industry in the western world and some developed countries of Asia have applied ICT for more than 30 years, and have gained tremendous benefits. Nepal which is also growing as one of the favorite tourist destinations lacks proper implementation of ICT in this sector. In our study, we examined how ICT can play a vital role in developing the tourism industry of Nepal. This study is exploratory research based on primary data collected from tourists visiting Nepal, supported by information from tour operators, government agencies, NGOs, and INGOs. A framework is devised based on data and information collected and finally, discussions elaborate on the informational needs, technological architecture, and challenges for the implementation of ICT in the tourism industry of Nepal.

Energy has become one of the most important drivers of socio-economic growth. However, situations in developing countries are almost overlooked. Here Nepal is taken as one example, and is found that the results are of great importance to the sustainable of human being. Nepal is a country with a tremendous potential for different types of energy but it relies heavily on imported fossil fuel for its energy needs. Being rich in water resources and with a diverse geography, renewable resources such as hydroelectric, solar and biomass have become relatively reliable substitutes for fossil fuels. This study traces Nepal’s current energy requirements and builds a data model to forecast future demands. It further depicts the role of renewable energy in Nepal to supplement its energy needs. Both qualitative and quantitative data analysis are utilized to highlight the prospects for renewable energy in Nepal. It also focuses on the prospects and constraints for the advancement of renewable energy technologies (RETs). It is also recommended for the advancement, growth and implementation of RETs in Nepal

Tourism websites are the face of the tourism industry, and tourism websites must be well designed to meet user expectations. This work evaluates and analyzes the user requirements to propose design solutions and recommendations for the tourism website of Nepal. The study is drawn on the basis closed-end survey and technical testing of the official tourism website of Nepal. The samples of the study comprise of inbound tourist from 10 different countries and domestic tourist from student, businessmen, government officials, and IT experts group. The survey is exploratory based on convenience sampling. An interview with selected respondents is taken to refine requirements and validate the web model in an iterative process. The work proposes a web design model for the tourism industry of Nepal built on web design principles of content quality, design quality, organization quality, user-friendliness, and technology adaptation. The proposed model includes different rating algorithms and features like recommender systems, social networks, user customization, e-commerce, and search optimizations techniques for meeting comprehensive user needs. This work is important for the tourism officials, tourist, and businessmen to get reliable and detailed information on the tourism industry of Nepal. It serves as a knowledge base for the website developers, government officials to take care of issues, and requirements while designing tourism websites.

Religion is a very sensitive issue and it can lead to chaos and turmoil that may cause serious risk and social disturbance for tourist if they are not aware of religious norms and sensitivity in a religious destination. Further, the issues of panhandling, selling fake items, charging excessive amounts and abusing females and children’s in meditation centers, yoga centers and religious sites can be equally devastating. This work proposes a tourism safety recommendation system that helps tourist to avoid any serious issues and accidents in religious destinations. Data and requirements for the system are collected based on an investigation of tourist in religious destinations and associated literature. This work has specifically considered Pashupatinath site of Nepal as domain of analysis. The work builds a religious model from religious literature and is used as a base to come up with digital reference model, conceptual model and tourism safety recommendation system. The designed model is tested with data sets in controlled lab setup and requirements are verified using data from religious destination managers and security agencies. This work is first of its kind in the area of religious tourism safety and is highly beneficial for the tourist, management and governing bodies visiting and working in religious destinations. The work also serves as a knowledge base not only for religious tourism destinations but also for other systems with similar domains.